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Omar J, Ahmad NS, Che-Soh N, Wan-Azman WN, Yaacob NM, Abdul-Ghani NS, Abdullah MR. Serum Procalcitonin (PCT) - Is there a Role as an Early Biomarker in Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcer (IDFU) Patients? Malays Orthop J 2023; 17:62-69. [PMID: 37583519 PMCID: PMC10425005 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2307.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infected diabetic foot ulcers may lead to serious complications if not recognised in the early stage. Diagnosis of infection is particularly challenging at that stage; thus, a sensitive inflammatory biomarker may be helpful. We aimed to evaluate the role of procalcitonin (PCT) as an early biomarker for infected diabetic foot ulcers (IDFU). Materials and method This cross-sectional study was conducted at Klinik Rawatan Keluarga (KRK), Orthopedic clinic and wards in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) from May 2020 to December 2020. A total of 264 participants were recruited and divided into three groups: 50 diabetic patients with no ulcers (control), 107 patients with non-infected diabetic foot ulcers (NIDFU), and 107 patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers (IDFU). The level of PCT was taken for all patients. Total white count (TWC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were taken only for IDFU patients. Diagnosis of infection was based on the Infectious Disease Society of America-International Working Group of Diabetic Foot (IDSA-IMWGDF), and the severity of infection was graded according to the Wagner Classification. Results The level of PCT was higher in IDFU than in NIDFU and diabetic patient, with a median (IQR) of 0.355 (0.63) ng/mL, 0.077 (0.15) ng/mL and 0.028 (0.02) ng/mL, respectively. PCT and CRP showed moderate positive correlations in IDFU patients (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity were 63.6% and 83.2%, respectively, at the best cut-off at 0.25 ng/mL. Conclusion PCT is a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of infection; however, it adds little value in the early diagnosis of IDFU in view of its low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Omar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - N S Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Naa Che-Soh
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - W N Wan-Azman
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - N M Yaacob
- Department of Biostatistic, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - N S Abdul-Ghani
- Department of Orthopaedic, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - M R Abdullah
- Department of Community Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Auzureen AMZ, Michael MS, Mohamed M, Peng TL, Fauzi F, Mohamad NFA, Ahmad NS, C W Salma CWZ, Hamdan RH. Detection of pathogenic Vibrio species and antibiogram activity in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) in Tumpat, Kelantan. Trop Biomed 2022; 39:569-574. [PMID: 36602217 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some of Vibrio species is well known as pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture and the marine industry. Its infection is able to generate a massive outbreak and affect the fish population, especially for net caged fish such as seabass. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio spp. isolated from seabass (Lates calcarifer) in Sri Tujuh Lagoon, Tumpat, Kelantan. Then, to determine the antibiotic resistance in Vibrio isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Vibrio species using specific primer VR169 and VR744 with estimation base pair size band, 597 bp and further identified by sequencing. On the other hand, antibiotic susceptibility tests were continued by using 13 types of antibiotics; kanamycin (K30), chloramphenicol (C30), neomycin (N10), ampicillin (AMP10), nitrofurantoin (F300), tetracycline (TE30), streptomycin (S10), norfloxacin (NOR10), ciprofloxacin (CIP5), nalidixic acid (NA30), gentamicin (CN10), doxycycline (DO30) and sulfamethoxazole (SXT100). As a result, 14 Vibrio isolates were identified, including Vibrio fluvialis (n=6), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n=3), Vibrio harveyi (n=2) and each isolate for Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio spp. The results showed that all isolates were sensitive to most antibiotics except ampicillin, neomycin and streptomycin. The MAR index value was ranging from 0 to 0.31. This study demonstrates the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in seabass and the report on multidrug resistance strains that could be of concern to the fish farmers. In addition, data from this study can be further used in fish disease management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Z Auzureen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M S Michael
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - T L Peng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - F Fauzi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - N F A Mohamad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - N S Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - C W Z C W Salma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R H Hamdan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ho J, Ho AFW, Ting PZY, Fook-Chong SF, Ahmad NS, Pek PP, Liu N, Teoh S, Sia CH, Lim DYZ, Lim SL, Wong TH, Ong MEH. The effect of building-level socioeconomic status on bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a retrospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) increases survival [1]. Understanding the social determinants of BCPR receipt can inform the design of public health interventions to increase BCPR. The association of socioeconomic status (SES) with BCPR is generally poorly understood.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the effect of SES on BCPR in OHCA using a building-level SES marker.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study based on the Singapore cohort of the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study registry, an ongoing long-term prospective registry for OHCA in the Asia-Pacific region, between 2010 to 2018. We categorized patients into low, medium and high Singapore Housing Index (SHI) levels. The SHI, which appraises a residential property value on an ordinal scale of 1 to 7 (low to high), is a building-level marker that has a robust association with income and residence value [2]. The primary outcome was receipt of BCPR. The secondary outcomes were pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival – defined as survival to 30 days or hospital discharge, whichever occurred first.
Results
A total of 12,730 OHCA cases were included (Figure 1), the median age was 71 years and 58.9% were male. BCPR rate was 56.7%. OHCA patients in the low SHI tier were the youngest, most likely male, and least likely to have any medical co-morbidities (Table 1). Compared the low SHI category, those in the medium and high SHI categories were more likely to receive BCPR (medium SHI: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.483, 95% CI 1.301–1.691, p<0.01; high SHI: aOR 1.933, 95% CI 1.669–2.240, p<0.01). As a continuous variable, every unit increase in SHI was associated with increased BCPR (aOR 1.142, 95% CI 1.110–1.174, p<0.001). High SHI patients had higher survival compared to low SHI patients on unadjusted analysis (OR 1.789, 95% CI 1.080–2.964) but not adjusted analysis (adjusted for age, sex, race, witness status, arrest time, past medical history of cancer, and first arrest rhythm). There were no significant differences in the proportion of ROSC across three categories of SHI (p=0.426). When comparing high with low SHI, females had larger increases in BCPR rates compared to males (ratio of OR 1.370, 95% CI 1.012–1.853). There were no significant associations between SHI and BCPR in the subgroups age ≥65 years, witnessed arrest, daytime arrest, and arrests after 2014, and no interaction effects were observed.
Conclusions
Lower building-level SES was independently associated with lower rate of BCPR. Higher SES was associated with higher 30-day survival on unadjusted analysis but not adjusted analysis, and this study may be under-powered for this outcome. Females were more susceptible to the effect of low SES on lower rate of BCPR, and community CPR training should focus on recognizing OHCA and performing BCPR in women in low SES communities.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Medical Research Council, Clinician Scientist Awards, Singapore (NMRC/CSA/024/2010, NMRC/CSA/0049/2013 and NMRC/CSA-SI/0014/2017) and Ministry of Health, Health Services Research Grant, Singapore (HSRG/0021/2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ho
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - A F W Ho
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - P Z Y Ting
- Ministry of Health Holdings , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S F Fook-Chong
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Prehospital Emergency & Research Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - N S Ahmad
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - P P Pek
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Health Services and Systems Research , Singapore , Singapore
| | - N Liu
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Centre for Quantitative Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Teoh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Sia
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - D Y Z Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Health Services Research Unit, Medical Board , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S L Lim
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T H Wong
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of General Surgery , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M E H Ong
- Singapore General Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
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Ramoo K, Hairi NN, Yahya A, Choo WY, Hairi FM, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Bulgiba A, Ali ZM, Razak IA, Ismail N, Ahmad NS. Longitudinal Association between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in Rural Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084723. [PMID: 35457592 PMCID: PMC9025848 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition that is highly prevalent among older adults. This condition is linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, including cognitive impairment that impairs healthy ageing. While sarcopenia and cognitive impairment may share a common pathway, limited longitudinal studies exist to show the relationship between these two conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. This is a cohort study among older adults residing in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. There were 2404 respondents at the baseline and 1946 respondents at one-year follow-up. Cognitive impairment was determined using Mini-mental State Examination scores. Sarcopenia was identified using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, gait speed was measured using a 4-meter gait test, handgrip strength was assessed using Jamar handheld dynamometer, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the longitudinal association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment, presented as relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.0% (95% CI 4.00–5.90), and severe sarcopenia was 3.60% (95% CI 2.84–4.31). Upon adjusting for covariates, older adults with sarcopenia have an 80 per cent increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those without (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.18–2.75). Similarly, severe sarcopenia was found to significantly increase the risk of cognitive impairment by 101 per cent in the adjusted model (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.24–3.27). Our study showed that sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia, low physical activity, depressive symptoms, hearing impairment and chronic pain were associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, early intervention to prevent sarcopenia, depressive symptoms, hearing impairment, chronic pain, and higher physical activity among older adults is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ramoo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Noran N. Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya City 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-79674762
| | - A. Yahya
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - W. Y. Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - F. Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - D. Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - S. Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - A. Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Z. Mohd Ali
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (Z.M.A.); (I.A.R.)
| | - I. Abdul Razak
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (Z.M.A.); (I.A.R.)
| | - N. Ismail
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia;
| | - N. S. Ahmad
- Mental Health, Injury Prevention, Violence and Substance Abuse Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia;
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Rahmat S, Yati IES, Musa R, A Rahman S, Ahmad NS, Dzulkarnain AAA. Psychometric properties of the Malay inventory for the perception of Muslims with hearing impairment. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:672-679. [PMID: 34508373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to measure the psychometric properties of the newly developed preliminary version of hearing impairment inventory for religious duties for Muslim adults, i.e., the Inventori Persepsi Bagi Muslim Yang Memiliki Masalah Pendengaran (IPM3P), and to produce a final version of IPM3P. METHODS The preliminary version of IPM3P that is used to investigate the perception of Muslim adults with hearing impairment towards Islamic understanding and practice has been tested in this study. The preliminary version of IPM3P consists of three domains (obligation, practice, and difficulty) with 59 items in total. Four phases of validity and reliability testing involved were: i) Content validation, ii) Pretesting, face validity and proofreading, iii) Pilot study, and iv) Psychometric evaluation. RESULTS The final version of IPM3P consists of 36 items. The findings from the present study suggest that the final version of IPM3P has excellent psychometric properties manifested by: i) good content validity, ii) excellently pretested, iii) good face validity, iv) good construct validity shown by principal component analysis and convergent validity, and v) good discriminant validity showed by divergent validity. CONCLUSION IPM3P shows good potential to be used as a tool in investigating perception of Muslim adults towards Islamic understanding and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahmat
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - I E S Yati
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - R Musa
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Kulliyyah of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S A Rahman
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - N S Ahmad
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - A A A Dzulkarnain
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Ahmad NS, Abdullah N, Yasin FM. Toxicity assessment of reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria under normal laboratory lighting condition. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:693-699. [PMID: 32528857 PMCID: PMC7283152 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth curve deviates from its normal pattern after the exposure to nanoparticles. Cell wall structure of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria played the major factor contribute to its toxicity effect towards nanoparticles exposure. Smaller particle had greater impact on the bacterial growth. E. coli and B. subtilis cells suffered from morphological changes upon nanoparticles exposure.
Toxicity effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) on Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria was assessed. For both strains, study demonstrated that the toxicity was time and concentration dependent which led to reduction in growth rate and cell death. Upon NMs exposure, an instantaneous cell death in E. coli culture was observed. This is in contrast with B. subtilis, in which the culture growth remained in the log phase; however their growth rate constant, μg was reduced by ∼70%. The discrepancy between E. coli and B. subtilis was due to strain-specific response upon contact with NMs. TEM, SEM and EDX analysis revealed direct physical surface-surface interaction, as evidence from the adherence of NMs on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F M Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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S. Ahmad N, M. Elias A, H. Abdul-Raheem M. The correction factor of hair density in the skin of native cattle. IJVS 2006. [DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2006.45789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ahmad NS, Khalid BAK, Luke DA, Ima Nirwana S. TOCOTRIENOL OFFERS BETTER PROTECTION THAN TOCOPHEROL FROM FREE RADICAL-INDUCED DAMAGE OF RAT BONE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2005; 32:761-70. [PMID: 16173934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Free radicals generated by ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) can activate osteoclastic activity and this is associated with elevation of the bone resorbing cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 2 mg/kg FeNTA (2 mg iron/kg) on the levels of serum IL-1 and IL-6 with or without supplementation with a palm oil tocotrienol mixture or alpha-tocopherol acetate in Wistar rats. 2. The FeNTA was found to elevate levels of IL-1 and IL-6. Only the palm oil tocotrienol mixture at doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg was able to prevent FeNTA-induced increases in IL-1 (P < 0.01). Both the palm oil tocotrienol mixture and alpha-tocopherol acetate, at doses of 30, 60 and 100 mg/kg, were able to reduce FeNTA-induced increases in IL-6 (P < 0.05). Therefore, the palm oil tocotrienol mixture was better than pure alpha-tocopherol acetate in protecting bone against FeNTA (free radical)-induced elevation of bone-resorbing cytokines. 3. Supplementation with the palm oil tocotrienol mixture or alpha-tocopherol acetate at 100 mg/kg restored the reduction in serum osteocalcin levels due to ageing, as seen in the saline (control) group (P < 0.05). All doses of the palm oil tocotrienol mixture decreased urine deoxypyridinoline cross-link (DPD) significantly compared with the control group, whereas a trend for decreased urine DPD was only seen for doses of 60 mg/kg onwards of alpha-tocopherol acetate (P < 0.05). 4. Bone histomorphometric analyses have shown that FeNTA injections significantly lowered mean osteoblast number (P < 0.001) and the bone formation rate (P < 0.001), but raised osteoclast number (P < 0.05) and the ratio of eroded surface/bone surface (P < 0.001) compared with the saline (control) group. Supplementation with 100 mg/kg palm oil tocotrienol mixture was able to prevent all these FeNTA-induced changes, but a similar dose of alpha-tocopherol acetate was found to be effective only for mean osteoclast number. Injections of FeNTA were also shown to reduce trabecular bone volume (P < 0.001) and trabecular thickness (P < 0.05), whereas only supplementation with 100 mg/kg palm oil tocotrienol mixture was able to prevent these FeNTA-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ahmad NS, Chan MY, Hiew FL, Sharif SA, Vijayasingham P, Thayaparan T, Loh LC. Disease impact and patient insight--a study on a local population of asthmatics. Med J Malaysia 2003; 58:526-32. [PMID: 15190628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The cornerstone of asthma management is achieving adequate symptom control and patient education. We studied in our local population of asthmatic patients how well their symptoms were controlled with currently prescribed treatment and their insight into the disease and its management. Over a 6-month period, 93 asthmatics recruited from two local government health clinics and a state hospital were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Patients were classified into 4 groups based on the treatment they were on according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment guidelines. The number of patients in Step 1 (rescue medication alone), Step 2 (1 controller medication), Step 3 (2 controller medications) and Step 4 (at least 3 controller medications) were 8, 39, 34 and 12, respectively. Except for day symptoms in Step 1 group, fewer than 50% achieved minimum day or night symptoms and no restriction of daily activities. Questions on patient insight were only available for 50 patients. Weather change (74%), air pollution (66%) and physical stress (46%) were the three highest ranked common asthma triggers. More than half correctly recognized the important symptoms of a serious asthma attack but fewer than 15% were familiar with the peak flow meter and its use or with the asthma self-management plan. Most patients perceived that their treatment had helped reduce disease severity and exacerbations. We conclude that symptom control and some aspect of patient education are still lacking in our local asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Ahmad
- IMU Lung Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur
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Haqqi TM, Ahmad S, Ahmad NS, Ahmad M, Hasnain AU, Siddiqi M, Hadi SM. Cloning and expression of EcoRI specific restriction modification system. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1985; 22:252-4. [PMID: 3009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
S1 nuclease hydrolysis and benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE cellulose (BND-cellulose) chromatography have been used to study the effect of riboflavin and visible light on DNA. Native calf thymus DNA was incubated with riboflavin in the presence of fluorescent light for various time periods and subjected to S1 nuclease hydrolysis. An increasing degree of DNA degradation was seen suggesting a destabilization of the secondary structure. A decrease in melting temperature was also observed. Incubation with riboflavin and illumination caused adherence to BND-cellulose indicating the production of single stranded regions or breaks in the native double stranded molecules. However, when incubation was done in dark and in the presence of triplet excited state quencher, potassium iodide, a reduced adherence of DNA to BND-cellulose was seen. Plasmid pBR322 DNA was also treated with riboflavin under these conditions and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. No degradation could be seen in dark incubated and potassium iodide treated samples. These results indicate that the adherence of DNA to BND-cellulose in dark is possibly due to the binding of aromatic residues to the resin suggesting the formation of a complex between riboflavin and DNA.
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Abstract
Hydroxyapatite chromatography has been used to demonstrate that alkylation of DNA at neutral pH may lead to denaturation under conditions where no significant depurination occurs. Presence of salt has a preventive effect on such denaturation.
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