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Abdel-Qader DH, Albassam A, Taybeh E, Al Mazrouei N, Meer SMA, Al-Kubaisi KA, Ibrahim R, Elnour AA, Mohamed Ibrahim O, AbuRuz S. Lipid and Glucose Profile across Different Mental Disorders. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2499. [PMID: 38731028 PMCID: PMC11084216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, bipolar mania, and bipolar depression are a few of the severe psychiatric diseases that affect millions of individuals and their overall life quality. This study aimed to look at differences in TGA, TC, HDL, LDL, and FPG levels in people who were going through acute episodes of listed diseases. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was carried out in Jordan between January and November of 2023, involving all patients with the aforementioned diseases who attended three psychiatric clinics. This study encompassed results from 1187 patients (women N = 675, 56.87%) who were classified into the following ranges: <25, 25-45, 45-65, and >65. Results: The average level of LDL was the highest in bipolar depression (112.442 ± 36.178 mg/dL) and the lowest in bipolar mania (111.25 ± 33.14 mg/dL). The average level of HDL was the highest in schizophrenia (58.755 ± 16.198 mg/dL) and the lowest in bipolar depression (45.584 ± 12.128 mg/dL). Both average levels of TC and TGA were the highest in patients with bipolar depression (188.403 ± 37.396 mg/dL and 149.685 ± 96.951 mg/dL, respectively) and the lowest in bipolar mania (164.790 ± 40.488 mg/dL and 100.679 ± 54.337 mg/dL, respectively). The average level of FPG was the highest in unipolar depression (94.00 ± 21.453 mg/dL) and the lowest in bipolar mania (89.492 ± 14.700 mg/dL). Conclusions: The results confirmed that lipid and glucose abnormalities were more common in people with schizophrenia and mood disorders (unipolar and bipolar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derar H. Abdel-Qader
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Abdullah Albassam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait 12037, Kuwait;
| | - Esra’ Taybeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan;
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.M.); (S.M.A.M.); (K.A.A.-K.); (R.I.)
| | - Sara Murad Albarkat Meer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.M.); (S.M.A.M.); (K.A.A.-K.); (R.I.)
| | - Khalid Awad Al-Kubaisi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.M.); (S.M.A.M.); (K.A.A.-K.); (R.I.)
| | - Rana Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.M.); (S.M.A.M.); (K.A.A.-K.); (R.I.)
| | - Asim Ahmed Elnour
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates;
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza 3296121, Egypt;
| | - Salah AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Al Meslamani AZ, Abdel-Qader DH, Kassem AB, Al Mazrouei N. Disparities in drug safety practices in developing nations: focusing on underlying factors and implications for global health. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:393-397. [PMID: 38436276 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2326488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Amira B Kassem
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Ramadan A, Mohammed A, Elnour AA, Sadeq A, Al Mazrouei N, Alkaabi M, Al-Kubaisi KA, Beshir SA, Menon V, AlAmoodi A, Sam KG, Saeed AAAM, Abdalla SF, Hussein SM. The flavonoid luteolin reduces mutant huntingtin aggregation and cytotoxicity in huntingtin-mutated neuroblastoma cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101871. [PMID: 38125952 PMCID: PMC10731386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington's disease is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine tract leading to malformation and aggregation of the mutant huntingtin protein in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus of affected brain regions. The development of neuroprotective agents from plants has received considerable research attention. Objective Our study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of luteolin and the mechanisms that underline its potential mediated protection in the mutant htt neuroblastoma cells. Methods The mutant htt neuroblastoma cells were transfected with 160Q, and the control wild-type neuroblastoma cells were transfected with 20Q htt for 24 h and later treated with luteolin. Cell viability was determined by MTT and PI staining in both groups, while western blotting was used to evaluate caspase 3 protein expression. Aggregation formation was assessed via immunofluorescence microscopy. Also, western blotting was utilized to measure the protein expression of mutant htt aggregated and soluble protein, Nrf2 and HO-1. The impact of Nrf2 on luteolin-treated neuroblastoma cells was assessed using small interfering RNAs. Results Our study reports that luteolin can protect cultured cells from mutant huntingtin cytotoxicity, evidenced by increased viability and decreased apoptosis. Also, luteolin reduced the accumulation of soluble and insoluble mutant huntingtin aggregates in mutant htt neuroblastoma cells transfected with 160Q compared to the control wild-type. The mutant htt aggregate reduction mediated by luteolin appeared to be independent of the Nrf2 -HO-1 antioxidant pathway. Conclusion Luteolin presents a new potential therapeutic and protective agent for the treatment and decreasing the cytotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Ramadan
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus Abu Dhabi, UAE, AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abuelnor Mohammed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Asim Ahmed Elnour
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi campus, Abu Dhabi-United Arab Emirates (UAE), AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adel Sadeq
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maisoun Alkaabi
- New Medical Center (NMC) Royal Women’s Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Awad Al-Kubaisi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy-University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Semira Abdi Beshir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College For Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vineetha Menon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla AlAmoodi
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Academic Affairs, Abu Dhabi Health Services (SEHA), United Arab Emirates
| | - Kishore Ganana Sam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Awadallah Ali Mohamed Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical and Industrial Pharmacy, National University-Sudan, Mycetoma Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sami Fatehi Abdalla
- Clinical Department, College of Medicine, University of Almaarefa, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Mohammed Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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Al Meslamani AZ, Jarab AS, Abdel-Qader DH, Mohamed Ibrahim O, Al Mazrouei N. Adoption of electronic patient medication records in community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional survey. HEALTH INF MANAG J 2023:18333583231190744. [PMID: 37551925 DOI: 10.1177/18333583231190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to accurate and relevant patient health information is crucial for community pharmacists to deliver high-quality care. The use of electronic patient medication records (e-PMR) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is currently limited to hospital settings, and community pharmacists do not have access to patient records. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perceptions of community pharmacists regarding the potential benefits, barriers, and concerns associated with the implementation of the e-PMR system in community pharmacies in the UAE. METHOD A validated questionnaire was administered to a sample of licensed community pharmacists using proportionate random sampling. The survey was structured and consisted of 40 questions in four sections: characteristics of community pharmacists and pharmacies; perceived usefulness of e-PMR; perceived barriers; and concerns about the use of e-PMR. RESULTS In total, 552 pharmacists filled out the questionnaire (82.1% response rate). The majority of participants somewhat or strongly agreed that e-PMR would reduce drug abuse (71.6%), dispensing errors (64.4%) and prescribing errors (69.0%), and believed that e-PMR would enhance pharmacists' ability to perform medication reviews (76.0%). Pharmacists in charge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6-3.6), facing difficulty tracking the medical history of patients (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 2.8-3.9) and working in pharmacies providing telepharmacy services (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 2.7-3.8) were more likely to consider e-PMR useful. IMPLICATIONS The implementation of the e-PMR system in community pharmacies has potential benefits for patient safety and medication therapy management in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anan S Jarab
- Al Ain University, UAE
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Sadeq A, Elnour AA, Farah FH, Ramadan A, Baraka MA, Don J, Amoodi AA, Sam KG, Mazrouei NA, Alkaabi M. A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials on the Efficacy and Safety of Pitavastatin. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2023; 18:120-147. [PMID: 35642121 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220531115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subpopulation of statin users such as subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD), Human Immune virus (HIV), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), revascularization, metabolic syndrome, and/or diabetes may particularly benefit from pitavastatin pharmacotherapy. AIM The current systematic review aimed systematically to evaluate the effect of pitavastatin on primary cardiac events in subjects receiving pitavastatin in comparison to the other four statin members. METHODS We conducted a systematic review on phases III and IV of randomized controlled trials (RCT-s, 11 trials) for subjects with primary cardiac events who received pitavastatin. Subjects diagnosed with any type of dyslipidemia (population 4804) and received pitavastatin (interventions) versus comparator (comparison) with the primary efficacy endpoint of minimization of LDL-C and non- HDL-C, had an increase in HDL-C and/or reduction in major adverse cardiac events (MACE, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (fatal/nonfatal), and stroke (fatal/nonfatal) and/or their composite (outcomes). The secondary safety endpoint was the development of any adverse effects. RESULTS In the included trials (11), participants (4804) were randomized for pitavastatin or its comparators such as atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin and followed up for 12 to 52 weeks. In terms of the primary outcome (reduction in LDL-C), pitavastatin 4 mg was superior to pravastatin 40 mg in three trials, while the 2 mg pitavastatin was comparable to atorvastatin 10 mg in four trials and simvastatin 20 and 40 mg in two 2 trials. However, rosuvastatin 2.5 mg was superior to pitavastatin 2 mg in two trials. Pitavastatin increased HDL-C and reduced non-HDL-C in eleven trials. Regarding the safety profile, pitavastatin has proved to be tolerated and safe. CONCLUSION The FDA-approved indications for pitavastatin included primary dyslipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia as a supplementary therapy to dietary changes to lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), triglycerides (TG), and enhance HDL-C. Pitavastatin might be suitable for subjects with diabetes, ACS (reduced revascularization), metabolic syndrome, CKD, HIV, and subjects with low levels of HDL-C. We highly recommend rational individualization for the selection of statin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Sadeq
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Asim Ahmed Elnour
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Centre, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, UAE
| | - Farah Hamad Farah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Azza Ramadan
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohamed A Baraka
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain campus, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Judit Don
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Abdulla Al Amoodi
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Academic Affairs, Abu Dhabi Health Services (SEHA), UAE
| | - Kishore Gnana Sam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai College of Pharmacy, Dubai, UAE
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Sadeq A, Elnour AA, Ramadan A, Kidir IY, Don J, Al Amoodi A, Al Mazrouei N, Baraka MA, Farah FH, Alkaabi M. Randomized Clinical Trials on the Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2023; 18:64-87. [PMID: 35114930 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220202115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is confronted with many challenges such as inadequate response, infection, and treatment failure. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The main objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in subjects with RA using the available evidence from published randomized controlled trials. METHODS The current systematic review was performed on nine randomized controlled trials from 2002 to 2016 for TCZ in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. The primary outcomes were the clinical improvement in American College Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) or Disease Activity Score remission (DAS28), in addition to other outcomes such as ACR50 and ACR70 in the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS We have conducted a systematic review on nine randomized controlled trials, with 4129 [100%] enrolled, of which 3248 [78.7%] were on the intention-to-treat. 2147 (66.1%) were treated with TCZ and 1101 (33.9%) have had received placebo or methotrexate or other conventional Disease- Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (cDMARD) or biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (bDMARDs). In subjects taking TCZ with or without concomitant methotrexate, compared to placebo, subjects treated with TCZ 4 or 8 mg/kg were substantially and statistically significantly more likely than placebo or methotrexate to achieve the ACR20 and/or DAS28. There were no statistically significant differences in serious adverse events such as serious infection; however, subjects on TCZ were more likely to have increased lipid profiles. CONCLUSION TCZ mono-therapy or in combination with methotrexate is valuable in diminishing rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and improving disability. Treatment with TCZ was associated with a significant surge in cholesterol levels but no serious adverse effects. Randomized clinical trials with safety as the primary outcome are warranted to report these safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Sadeq
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Asim Ahmed Elnour
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Abu Dhabi Campus-Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Azza Ramadan
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus-Abu Dhbai, UAE
| | - Israa Yousif Kidir
- Clinical Pharmacist, University of Hail (UOH), - King Saudia Arabia (KSA)
| | - Judit Don
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Abdulla Al Amoodi
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Academic Affairs, Abu Dhabi Health Services (SEHA), UAE
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohamed A Baraka
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain campus, UAE, and Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farah Hamad Farah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
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Abdel-Qader DH, Al Meslamani AZ, Albassam A, Al Mazrouei N, El-Shara AA, El Sharu H, Ebaed SBM, Ibrahim OM. Assessment of A new Strategy to Prevent Prescribing Errors Involving COVID-19 Patients in Community Pharmacies. Hosp Pharm 2022; 57:654-665. [PMID: 36081535 PMCID: PMC9445540 DOI: 10.1177/00185787211073506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Because COVID-19 patients are vulnerable to prescribing errors (PEs) and adverse drug events, designing and implementing a new approach to prevent prescribing errors (PEs) involving COVID-19 patients has become a priority in pharmacotherapy research. Objectives: To investigate whether using WhatsApp to deliver prescribing error (PE)-related clinical scenarios to community pharmacists could enhance their ability to detect PEs and conduct successful pharmaceutical interventions (PIs). Methods: In this study, 110 community pharmacies were recruited from different regions across Jordan and equally allocated to 2 groups. Over the course of 4 weeks, WhatsApp was used to send PEs-related clinical case scenarios to the active group. The second group was controlled with no clinical scenarios. After completion of the 4-week phase, pharmacists from both groups were asked to document PEs in COVID-19 patients and their interventions using a data-collection form. Results: The incidence of PEs in COVID-19 patients documented in the active group (18.54%) was higher than that reported in the control group (3.09%) (P = .001). Of the 6598 and 968 PIs conducted by participants working in the active and control group pharmacies, 6013 (91.13%) and 651 (67.25%) were accepted, respectively. The proportions of wrong drug (contraindication), wrong drug (unnecessary drug prescribed/no proof of its benefits), and omission of a drug between the active and control groups were 15.30% versus 7.21% (P = .001), 11.85% versus 6.29% (P = .03), and 17.78% versus 10.50% (0.01), respectively. Additionally, the proportions of lethal, serious, and significant errors were 0.74% versus 0.35% (P = .04), 10.52% versus 2.57% (0.002), and 47.88% versus 9.57% (0.001), respectively. Addition of drug therapy interventions (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.21-0.84) and errors with significant clinical seriousness (AOR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16-0.64). Conclusions PEs involving COVID-19 patients in community settings are common and clinically significant. The intervention assessed in this study could be promising for designing a feasible and time-efficient interventional tool to encourage pharmacists' involvement in identifying and correcting PEs in light of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Husam El Sharu
- Indiana University Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ibrahim OM, Meslamani AZA, Ibrahim R, Kaloush R, Mazrouei NA. The impact of telepharmacy on hypertension management in the United Arab Emirates. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2022; 20:2734. [PMID: 36793920 PMCID: PMC9891772 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2022.4.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the effectiveness of telepharmacy services delivered by community pharmacies in hypertension management and examine its influence on pharmacists' ability to identify drug-related problems (DRPs). Methods This was a 2-arm, randomised, clinical trial conducted among 16 community pharmacies and 239 patients with uncontrolled HTN in the U.A.E over a period of 12 months. The first arm (n=119) received telepharmacy services and the second arm (n=120) received traditional pharmaceutical services. Both arms were followed up to 12 months. Pharmacists self-reported the study outcomes, which primarily were the changes in SBP and DBP from baseline to 12-month meeting. Blood pressure readings were taken at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Other outcomes were the mean knowledge, medication adherence and DRP incidence and types. The frequency and nature of pharmacist interventions in both groups were also reported. Results The mean SBP and DBP differences were statistically significant across the study groups at 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-up and 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- month follow-up, respectively. In detail, the mean SBP was reduced from 145.9 mm Hg in the intervention group (IG) and 146.7 mm Hg in the control group (CG) to 124.5, 123.2, 123.5, and 124.9 mm Hg at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up in the IG and 135.9, 133.8, 133.7, and 132.4 mm Hg at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up in the CG. The mean DBP was reduced from 84.3 mm Hg in IG and 85.1 mm Hg in CG to 77.6, 76.2, 76.1, and 77.8 mm Hg at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up in the IG and 82.3, 81.5, 81.5, and 81.9 mm Hg at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up in the CG. Medication adherence and knowledge of participants in the IG towards hypertension were significantly improved. The DRP incidence and DRPs per patient identified by pharmacists in the intervention and control groups were 2.1% versus 1.0% (p=0.002) and 0.6 versus 0.3 (p=0.001), respectively. The total numbers of pharmacist interventions in the IG and CG were 331 and 196, respectively. The proportions of pharmacist interventions related to patient education, cessation of drug therapy, adjustment of drug dose, and addition of drug therapy across the IG and CG were 27.5% versus 20.9%, 15.4% versus 18.9%, 14.5% versus 14.8%, and 13.9% versus 9.7%, respectively (all with p<0.05). Conclusion Telepharmacy may have a sustained effect for up to 12 months on blood pressure of patients with hypertension. This intervention also improves pharmacists' ability to identify and prevent drug-related problems in community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ,
| | - Rana Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rawan Kaloush
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates.
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Mazrouei NA, Meslamani AZA, Alajeel R, Alghadban G, Ansari N, Kaabi MA, Sadeq A, Ibrahim R, Ibrahim OM. The patterns of herbal medicine use in the United Arab Emirates; A national study. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2022; 20:2698. [PMID: 36733511 PMCID: PMC9851812 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2022.3.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the pattern, nature, and attitude towards herbal medicines usage in the UAE. Methods A cross-sectional national questionnaire was distributed over five weeks in 7 emirates of UAE: The questioner was constructed using an online platform and delivered randomly to 448 adults in the UAE. The data collection technique adopted for this study was a convenient sampling. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analysis. Results Among participants, 98.7% used herbal medicines (HMs), and respondents who aged between 18 and 24 years were more likely to use HMs. Participant were mainly female (70.3%), with fair health status (55%), and participant with chronic disease were significantly less likely to use HM (10.9%). The majority of herbal medicine users believed herbal medicine were harmless, because they were derivatives of natural products. The findings of this study reported that many participants use HMs to enhance immunity (26.8%), and for relaxation (23.5%). Conclusion Despites the risk of adverse-effects, many participants in this study are regular users for HMs and have perception that 89 may cure or prevent COVID-19. Therefore, awareness-raising campaigns that target HM users are essential to mitigate any unwanted consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ,
| | - Rand Alajeel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ghaid Alghadban
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah.United Arab Emirates.
| | - Neda Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Adel Sadeq
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rana Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates.
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. United Arab Emirates, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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10
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Al Meslamani AZ, Al-Dulaymi R, El Sharu H, Alwarawrah Z, Ibrahim OM, Al Mazrouei N. The Patterns and Determinants of Telemedicine Use during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Nationwide Study. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 62:1778-1785. [PMID: 35710898 PMCID: PMC9142173 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Although telemedicine services have been adopted on a large scale in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a little is known about the public experience. Objectives This study aimed to investigate consumers’ patterns, nature, and predictors of telemedicine utilization and consumers’ attitude toward this technology. Methods A quantitative, self-administered questionnaire was developed, validated, and delivered randomly to adults living across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between January 2021 and January 2022. The questionnaire included questions about categories of telemedicine used, purpose of use, challenges encountered during the use of telemedicine, and reasons for not using telemedicine technology. We adopted a proportionate random sampling technique to recruit participants by 3 ways: social media, phone calls, and face to face. Results The final dataset included 1584 participants, of which 496 (31.3%) used telemedicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The most common reasons for not using telemedicine during COVID-19 was having no idea that telemedicine exists (38.3%, 417 of 1088) or having no idea how to use it (33.5%, 365 of 1088). Telemedicine users reported that that telepharmacy (89.7%), teleconsultation (78.2%), and telediagnosis (23.0%) were the most frequently used telemedicine services during the COVID-19 crisis. Of the 496 telemedicine users, 469 (94.6%) reported using telemedicine for seeking a pharmacist advice about medication instructions, 422 (85.1%) for ordering nonprescription drugs, and 401 (80.8%) for seeking a physician advice. Those with high activity on social media were less likely to be associated with telemedicine users versus nonusers. Discussion Although telepharmacy has been increasingly used by consumers, more attention is needed to fix its limitations and improve patient safety. Conclusion This study shows a positive attitude and a general acceptance of telemedicine services among the UAE population. Some sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were significantly associated with the use of telemedicine during the pandemic.
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11
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Ibrahim OM, El-Bassiouny NA, Dergham EA, Al Mazrouei N, Al Meslamani AZ, Ebaed SBM, Ibrahim RM, Sadeq A, Kassem AB. The Effectiveness of Pharmacist-Based Coaching in Improving Breast Cancer-Related Health Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2022; 19:2563. [PMID: 35474643 PMCID: PMC9013189 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2021.4.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although pharmacists are trusted and easily accessible by the public, their role in changing health behaviours related to breast cancer has been rarely investigated. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of pharmacist-based coaching in improving BC-related health behaviors and knowledge in females, and to measure the comfort level toward this program. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study carried out in community pharmacies in Egypt. Pharmacies included were asked to enroll 240 females into a trial, then equally allocate them into either active or control arms, and provide 12 weekly face-to-face coaching sessions to those assigned to the active arm. Pharmacists were also asked to survey females and fill a standardized data collection form at baseline, in the middle of coaching, at the end of coaching, and three months after coaching. Results: The proportions of doing high physical activity, practicing healthy diet, and practicing breast self-exam three months after the end of coaching programme across the active and control arms were 52.17% versus 17.09% (p=0.002), 62.60% versus 28.20% (p=0.003), and 81.73% versus 23.07% (p=0.005), respectively. The mean scores of knowledge on BC symptoms, risk factors, and detection methods three months after coaching across the active and control arms were 4.10±2.47 versus 2.72±1.19 (p=0.038), 4.25±2.20 versus 3.28±1.48 (p=0.020), and .34±1.80 versus 1.72±0.68 (p=0.001) respectively. While most of the females participated in the active arm were comfortable toward the financial 94.78% and social 88.69% sides of the program, more than one-third (34.78%) of the participants were uncomfortable toward the competency of coaches. Conclusion: Despite the need for some modifications, BC-related health behaviors and knowledge can be improved through pharmacist-based health coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- PhD. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of, University of Sharjah. UAE. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Noha A El-Bassiouny
- PhD. Clinical Pharmacy and pharmacy practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy - Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Esraa Abdelhameed Dergham
- PhD. Clinical Pharmacy and pharmacy practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy - Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- PhD. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of, University of Sharjah. UAE.
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- MSc.College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Rana M Ibrahim
- PharmD. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of, University of Sharjah. UAE.
| | - Adel Sadeq
- PhD. College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amira B Kassem
- PhD. Clinical Pharmacy and pharmacy practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy - Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
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12
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Al-Taani GM, Al-Azzam S, Karasneh RA, Sadeq AS, Mazrouei NA, Bond SE, Conway BR, Aldeyab MA. Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Information Sources on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Jordan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020175. [PMID: 35203777 PMCID: PMC8868190 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious healthcare problem that affects public health globally. Appropriate understanding and knowledge of prudent antimicrobial use and resistance, along with providing evidence-based information sources, are needed for informed antibiotic prescribing practices. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, opportunity, motivation, behavior of pharmacists and their information sources regarding antibiotic use and resistance in Jordan. An online cross-sectional questionnaire was developed and administered to pharmacists during the period of July–September 2021. The survey is an adapted version of the validated European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) survey for antibiotic use and resistance. Pharmacists from all sectors (n = 384), of whom 276 (71.9%) were community pharmacists, completed an online questionnaire. While respondents scored highly (>87%) on knowledge on effective use, unnecessary use, and associated side effects of antibiotics, lower scores were recorded for knowledge on the spread of antibiotic resistance (52.9%). Pharmacists support easy access to guidelines on managing infections in 56% of cases, and easy access to materials advising prudent antibiotic use and resistance in 39.8% of cases. One-third of respondents (37.0%) reported no knowledge of any initiatives on antibiotic awareness and resistance. Pharmacists were aware (13.3%), unaware (36.2%), or unsure (50.5%) of the existence of a national antibiotic resistance action plan. Pharmacists indicated an interest in receiving more information on resistance to antibiotics (55.2%), medical conditions for which antibiotics are used (53.1%), how to use antibiotics (45.1%), prescribing of antibiotics (34.4%), and links between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (28.6%). Findings can inform antimicrobial stewardship with required interventions to improve antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith M. Al-Taani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Adel Shaban Sadeq
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Stuart E. Bond
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK;
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0044-01484-472825
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13
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Abdel-Qader DH, Hayajneh W, Albassam A, Obeidat NM, Belbeisi AM, Al Mazrouei N, Al-Shaikh AF, Nusair KE, Al Meslamani AZ, El-Shara AA, El Sharu H, Mohammed Ebaed SB, Mohamed Ibrahim O. Pharmacists-physicians collaborative intervention to reduce vaccine hesitancy and resistance: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine X 2022; 10:100135. [PMID: 34977553 PMCID: PMC8712432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given their negative influence on community health, vaccine hesitancy and resistance are emerging challenges that require healthcare intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of physician-pharmacist collaborative health coaching on rates of hesitancy and resistance for a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods After an initial assessment of rates of hesitancy and resistance for a COVID-19 vaccine was conducted, hesitant and resistant participants were approached, recruited, and randomized into an active and control group. Pharmacists-physicians collaborative coaching intervention was delivered to active group subjects over two months through Facebook live sessions. The outcome measures were assessed in both groups before coaching, directly after coaching, and a month after coaching. Results The proportions of hesitancy and resistance for a COVID-19 vaccine among subjects in the active group were significantly reduced from 64.3% and 35.7% before coaching to 20.1% and 7.8% directly after coaching, respectively. These proportions were further reduced to 11.1% and 3.3% a month after coaching, respectively. Furthermore, the mean scores for knowledge on, and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine were significantly increased from 4.6 ± 1.8 and 4.1 ± 1.7 before coaching to 7.5 ± 3.1 and 8.9 ± 3.8 directly after coaching, respectively. However, the change in mean score of beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines among active group subjects was not significant. Conclusion High rates of hesitancy and resistance for a COVID-19 vaccine were found in Jordan. These rates can be significantly reduced through online pharmacists-physicians collaborative coaching, which can also improve knowledge of and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdullah Albassam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Husam El Sharu
- Indiana University Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Abdel-Qader DH, Saadi Ismael N, Al Meslamani AZ, Albassam A, El-Shara' AA, Lewis PJ, Hamadi S, Al Mazrouei N. The Role of Clinical Pharmacy in Preventing Prescribing Errors in the Emergency Department of a Governmental Hospital in Jordan: A Pre-Post Study. Hosp Pharm 2021; 56:681-689. [PMID: 34732922 DOI: 10.1177/0018578720942231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clinical pharmacists have a vital role in intercepting prescribing errors (PEs) but their impact within a Jordanian hospital emergency department (ED) has never been studied. Objective: To evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacy services on PEs and assess predictors of physicians' acceptance of clinical pharmacists' interventions. Setting: This study was conducted in the ED of the largest governmental hospital in Jordan. Method: This was a pre-post study conducted in October and November 2019 using a disguised observational method. There were 2 phases: control phase (P0) with no clinical interventions, and active phase (P1) where clinical pharmacists prospectively intervened upon errors. The clinical significance of errors was determined by a multidisciplinary committee. The SPSS software version 24 was used for data analysis. Main Outcome Measure: PEs incidence, type, severity, and predictors for physicians' acceptance. Results: Of 18003 patients, 8732 were included in P0 and 9271 in P1. PEs incidence decreased from 24.6% to 5.4%. Contraindication, drug selection, and dosage form error types were significantly reduced from 32.6%, 9.1%, and 3.7% (P0) to 12.6%, 0.0%, and 0.0% (P1), respectively. Albeit not statistically significant, drug-drug interaction, drug frequency, and allergy error types were reduced from 4.9%, 3.1%, and 0.1% to 4.5%, 2.5%, and 0.0%, respectively. Significant and serious errors were significantly reduced from 68.7% and 3.0% (P0) to 8.9% and 1.8% (P1), respectively. During P1, most errors were minor (89.3%, 1574/1763), and lethal errors ceased. Predictors for physicians' acceptance were: significant errors (OR 3.1; 95% CI 2.6-4.3; P = 0.03) and non-busy physicians (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.6-2.7; P = 0.04). Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists significantly reduced PEs in the ED by 76%; most of interventions were significant. Policymakers are advised to implement active clinical pharmacy in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derar H Abdel-Qader
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Asma' A El-Shara'
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Penny J Lewis
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Salim Hamadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, UAE
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15
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Mohamed Ibrahim O, Al Mazrouei N, Al Meslamani AZ, Kassem AB, El-Bassiouny NA, Mohammed Ebaed SB, Ibrahim RM. Assessment of a new strategy for catalyzing deprescribing in community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 62:125-133. [PMID: 34580032 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although community pharmacists have been actively engaged in patient care, their role in deprescribing is still restricted. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a new educational approach designed to catalyze deprescribing in community pharmacies. METHODS In this 4-month, randomized, controlled trial, 108 community pharmacies in Egypt were randomly and equally distributed to either the active or the control groups. Participants from the active group pharmacies received 31 deprescribing-related clinical case scenarios, designed according to the available deprescribing guideline and clinical experiences of an expert panel members, and delivered through WhatsApp. Then participants from both groups reported the incidence of potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs), the frequency of deprescribing opportunities, and related pharmacist interventions. RESULTS Pharmacists from the active group reported a considerably higher incidence of PIMs (20.87%) than that reported by pharmacists from the control group (5.03%). In addition, they made 1326 deprescribing-related interventions, of which 1022 (77.07%) were accepted and 641 (48.34%) were significant interventions. The proportions of cessation of drug therapy, reducing the dose, and persuasion of patients to accept deprescribing pharmacist interventions in the active group were 37.85%, 22.09%, and 10.63%, respectively. In contrast, 150 of 268 deprescribing-related interventions (55.97%) in the active group were accepted. The clinical value and type of deprescribing decision were statistically significant determinants for the acceptance of deprescribing decisions. The mean time needed to persuade the patient about deprescribing and the cost saved per patient across the active and the control groups were 5.09 ± 3.54 minutes versus 10.03 ± 6.19 minutes and 17.88 ± 9.60 U.S. dollars versus 4.49 ± 2.44 U.S. dollars, respectively. CONCLUSION The intervention proposed improved the frequency and clinical value of deprescribing decisions.
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16
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Abdel-Qader DH, Al Meslamani AZ, Al Mazrouei N, El-Shara AA, El Sharu H, Merghani Ali E, Mohammed Ebaed SB, Mohamed Ibrahim O. Virtual Coaching Delivered by Pharmacists to Prevent COVID-19 Transmission. Hosp Pharm 2021; 57:300-308. [PMID: 35601726 PMCID: PMC9117773 DOI: 10.1177/00185787211032354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: While the role of pharmacists in the current pandemic control has been recognized worldwide, their coaching efforts to improve public’s behaviors that could prevent COVID-19 transmission has been rarely investigated. Objectives: To assess whether pharmacist-based virtual health coaching sessions could increase the proportion of people who practised healthy social behaviors, to test whether this model can increase the public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, and to measure whether these behaviors could actually prevent contracting COVID-19. Method: In this randomized controlled trial, adults who matched specific criteria were randomly allocated into 2 arms. The active arm received 12 pharmacist-based virtual coaching sessions delivered via Zoom® over a month. Participants allocated to the control arm received no coaching. At the end of the last coaching session, both groups were asked to complete a structured questionnaire for outcome assessment. Participants in the active group were followed up to 2 weeks after the end of the last coaching session to check if they contracted COVID-19 or not. The SPSS software version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 300 participants who gave consent for participation, 295 completed the study (147 from the active arm and 148 from the control arm). The proportion of those using face masks, avoiding crowds, and willing to be isolated if infected in the active arm was increased from 51.70%, 53.74%, and 59.86% at baseline to 91.83%, 80.27%, and 96.59% at the end of coaching, respectively (all with P < .05). In addition, the proportion of behaviors, such as disinfecting surfaces, not touching the T-zone, and avoid sharing personal belongings with colleagues at work was increased from 36.05%, 27.89%, and 46.93% at baseline to 63.94%, 52.38%, and 87.75% at the end of coaching, respectively (all with P < .05). Avoid touching the T-zone (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.89) and using disposable tissues (OR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.18-0.77), each versus using face masks appropriately were more likely to get COVID-19. Conclusion: Pharmacist-based virtual health coaching could be a potential strategy to increase the proportion of behaviors that could curtail the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Husam El Sharu
- Indiana University Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Abdel-Qader DH, Ismael NS, Albassam A, El-Shara’ AA, Aljamal MS, Ismail R, Abdel-Qader HA, Hamadi S, Al Mazrouei N, Ibrahim OM. Antibiotics use and appropriateness in two Jordanian children hospitals: a point prevalence study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although inappropriate antibiotics prescribing in hospitals is a key factor in accelerating antibiotic resistance, inadequate data are available about antibiotics prescribing rate and appropriateness. Our study aimed to measure antibiotics prescribing rate, indications, appropriateness and predictors.
Methods
The study was conducted in two public children hospitals (five wards) in Jordan using one-week point prevalence survey to prospectively collect the data. Appropriateness of antibiotics therapy was assessed by a multidisciplinary committee and predictors of inappropriate prescribing were studied through multivariate logistic regression.
Key findings
The overall antibiotics prescribing rate was 75.6% (n = 501/663), where the highest rate of antibiotics prescribing was in the Pediatrics ward (82.2%, n = 222/270). However, the lowest rate was in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (30.0%, 9/30). The most common antibiotics classes prescribed were: Beta-lactams (57.5%, n = 492/855). The most common underlying condition for antibiotics prescribing was upper respiratory tract infections (25.5%, n = 128/501) followed by pneumonia (20.6%, n = 103/501). Around half of antibiotics were prescribed upon appropriate decision (49.5%, n = 423/855). However, 22.0% (n = 188/855) of antibiotics were wrongly chosen, and 9.5% (n = 81/855) were wrongly applied. Initially inappropriate decision for prescription occurred in 15.3% (n = 131/855) of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone (OR 3.1; 95% CI 2.6–4.1; P = 0.03) and patients with ≥3 medication orders (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.7–3.5; P = 0.001) significantly predicted inappropriate antibiotics prescribing.
Conclusions
The incidence of antibiotics prescribing in Jordanian children hospitals was high compared to other countries. Further multi-centric studies are required to enhance the generalisability of results and better develop effective and efficient antibiotic stewardship programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdullah Albassam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Rami Ismail
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hasan A Abdel-Qader
- Consultant Pediatrician and Neonatologist, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Salim Hamadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah., Sharjah, UAE
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah., Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sadeq AS, Elnour AA, Hamrouni AM, Baraka MA, Al Meslamani AZ, Adel A, Al Kaabi M, Ibrahim OM, Al Mazrouei N. Development of a multivariable model to predict medication non-adherence risk factor for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a risk prediction model for non-adherence to prescribed medication based on self-reported risk factors in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Methods
This is a prospective follow-up cohort study of 210 patients with ACS at a tertiary hospital in Al Ain city in the United Arab Emirates. Patients with ACS in the electronic registry who were discharged from the hospital but continued to attend outpatient clinics and were prescribed evidence-based medications were identified and interviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed and used as appropriate. SPSS V24 was used for data analysis.
Key findings
A final predictive model of eight variables was developed for ACS medication non-adherence. The significant predicted risk factors identified in the final model with their odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: poor knowledge of prescribed medications (OR = 1.81; CI = 1.032–3.34; P = 0.010), five or more prescribed medicines (OR = 4.97; CI = 1.98–2.49; P = 0.007), more than twice daily dosing regimen (OR = 2.21; CI = 1.04–4.67; P = 0.039), unpleasant side-effects (OR = 2.97; CI = 1.98–2.49; P = 0.007), patients believed that side-effects were the cause of health problems (OR = 4.28; CI = 1.78–10.39; P = 0.001), patients undertaking regular exercise (OR = 2.14; CI = 1.06–4.32; P = 0.035), and comorbid diabetes (OR = 1.97; CI = 1.00–3.87; P = 0.049).
Conclusion
This study indicates poor knowledge, polypharmacy and comorbidity as risk factors associated with medication non-adherence among patients with ACS. Identification of predictors of non-adherence and strategies has the potential to reduce non-adherence dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Shaban Sadeq
- Clinical pharmacy department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asim Ahmed Elnour
- Clinical pharmacy department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amar Mansour Hamrouni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A Baraka
- Clinical pharmacy department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asil Adel
- Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College of Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Al Mazrouei N, Ibrahim RM, Al Meslamani AZ, Mohamed Ibrahim O. A novel educational approach for improving medication-related problems in community pharmacies. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:2510-2516. [PMID: 33992587 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists have the responsibilities of identifying and resolving medication-related problems (MRPs), thereby improving patient safety. OBJECTIVES To deliver a series of clinical case scenarios using WhatsApp and assess the impact of this method on the ability of pharmacists to identify MRPs. METHODS This study was conducted in 104 community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over a period of six months. Recruited pharmacies were randomly allocated to either intervention or control groups using a 1:1 allocation ratio. Senior experts in clinical pharmacy created a series of clinical case scenarios based on their clinical practice and based on previous published studies related to MRPs. WhatsApp®, a well-known messenger application, which has been proven to be an efficient platform to improve communication between learners and educators, was used to deliver clinical scenarios-based educational interventions to pharmacists. Then, pharmacists from both groups filled a standardized data reporting form. The clinical importance of pharmacist recommendations was assessed by a multidisciplinary expert panel. RESULTS The total number of patients with MRPs across the intervention and control groups was 492 versus 194 (p = 0.01). While the number of MRPs identified, the mean time needed to resolve MRPs for patients with major polypharmacy, and physicians' acceptance of pharmacist recommendations across the intervention and control groups were 492 versus 194, 1589 versus 255, 6.82 (±3.86) versus 10.78 (±6.38), and 1065/1284 (82.94%) versus 125/201 (62.18%), respectively, all with p < 0.05. Efficacy-related problems (27.56%) and safety-related problems (28.44%) were the most commonly identified MRPs by pharmacists in the intervention group. Clinically significance of pharmacist recommendations was a significant predictive factor for physicians' acceptance of pharmacist recommendations. CONCLUSION Clinical case scenarios delivered by WhatsApp may be useful for improving the ability of pharmacists to identify MRPs and for shortening the mean time needed to resolve MRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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20
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Al Mazrouei N, Ibrahim RM, Al Meslamani AZ, Abdel-Qader DH, Sadeq AS, Mohamed Ibrahim O. The evolving role of community pharmacists during COVID-19 in the UAE; assessing preparedness and knowledge. Int J Pharm Pract 2021; 29:137-144. [PMID: 33729523 PMCID: PMC7799105 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate community pharmacists' knowledge about COVID-19 and their preparedness for the pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional online survey was conducted (in community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates) over 3 weeks (24 May 2020 to 14 June 2020). A proportionate random sample of 491 participants was invited to take part. The SPSS version 26 was used for data management and analysis. KEY FINDINGS The majority of participants (n = 400) had good knowledge about COVID-19 and high level of preparedness for the pandemic control. Most pharmacists agreed (212, 53.0%) or strongly agreed (91, 22.8%) that they have a major role in the management of the ongoing crisis. Most participants had good awareness about the most common methods of COVID-19 transmission (359, 89.7%) and symptoms encountered (368, 92.0%). However, approximately a quarter of participants (103, 25.7%) incorrectly thought COVID-19 was caused by a DNA virus. Participants who had 5-10 and >10 years of experience were 3.95 (P = 0.03) and 1.59 (P = 0.01) times, respectively, were more likely to have good knowledge compared to participants with less than 2 years of experience. Those with good knowledge were more likely to have a specific area for customers with suspected COVID-19 symptoms compared to those with poor knowledge (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION This study indicates that years of experience and good knowledge on COVID-19 were significant determinants of pharmacists' preparedness for the pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Adel Shaban Sadeq
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Al Mazrouei N, Ibrahim RM, Al Meslamani AZ, Abdel-Qader DH, Mohamed Ibrahim O. Virtual pharmacist interventions on abuse of over-the-counter medications during COVID-19 versus traditional pharmacist interventions. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 61:331-339. [PMID: 33676838 PMCID: PMC7879024 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the frequency, nature, and clinical significance of pharmacist interventions on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines with abuse potential across community pharmacies with and without virtual care. METHODS In this prospective observational study, a trained research team observed the dispensary teams of 12 community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), 6 of which were operating virtual pharmacy care. A standardized data collection form was used to include information about dispensing of OTC medicines and pharmacist interventions on those with abuse/misuse potential. The clinical significance of the interventions was evaluated by a multidisciplinary committee. RESULTS The frequency of pharmacist interventions on OTC medicines with abuse potential across pharmacies with and without virtual services was 83.2% versus 91.0%, respectively, whereas the frequency of pharmacist interventions on OTC medicines with misuse potential across pharmacies with and without virtual services was 79.8% versus 41.2%, respectively. The proportions of clinically significant interventions across pharmacies with and without virtual services were 19.7% versus 10.5%, respectively. Cough medicines were dispensed significantly more across pharmacies with virtual care than across pharmacies without virtual care (25.6% vs. 9.7%, respectively; P = 0.04). Asking the patient to seek the advice of an addiction specialist (adjusted odds ratio = 4.11; P = 0.001) versus refusing to sell the drug was more likely to be associated with pharmacies with virtual services than with pharmacies operating traditional pharmacy services. CONCLUSION Virtual pharmaceutical care is a potential approach to reduce the abuse/misuse of OTC medicines but needs some improvements regarding detection of these cases. The UAE is the first country in the region to implement and regulate virtual pharmacy practice.
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Ibrahim OM, Ibrahim RM, Z Al Meslamani A, Al Mazrouei N. Role of telepharmacy in pharmacist counselling to coronavirus disease 2019 patients and medication dispensing errors. J Telemed Telecare 2020; 29:18-27. [PMID: 33059541 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x20964347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Remote pharmacist interventions have achieved much more attention during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, since they reduce the risk of transmission and can potentially increase the access of vulnerable populations, such as patients with COVID-19, to pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to examine differences in rates and types of pharmacist interventions related to COVID-19 and medication dispensing errors (MDEs) across community pharmacies with and without telepharmacy services. METHODS This was a prospective, disguised, observational study conducted over four months (from March 2020 to July 2020) in 52 community pharmacies (26 with and 26 without telepharmacy) across all seven states of the United Arab Emirates using proportionate random sampling. A standardised data-collection form was developed to include information about patient status, pharmacist interventions and MDEs. RESULTS The test (telepharmacy) group pharmacies provided pharmaceutical care to 19,974 patients, of whom 6371 (31.90%) and 1213 (6.07%) were probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. The control group pharmacies provided care to 9151 patients, of whom 1074 (11.74%) and 33 (0.36%) were probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. Rates of MDEs and their subcategories, prescription-related errors and pharmacist counselling errors across pharmacies with telepharmacy versus those without remote services were 15.81% versus 19.43% (p < 0.05), 5.38% versus 10.08% (p < 0.05) and 10.42% versus 9.35% (p > 0.05), respectively. DISCUSSION This is one of the first studies to provide high-quality evidence of the impact of telepharmacy on COVID-19 patients' access to pharmaceutical care and on medication dispensing safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Mohamed Ibrahim O, Ibrahim RM, Abdel-Qader DH, Al Meslamani AZ, Al Mazrouei N. Evaluation of Telepharmacy Services in Light of COVID-19. Telemed J E Health 2020; 27:649-656. [PMID: 33030986 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Telepharmacy services are expected to have an important role in increasing access of patients to pharmaceutical care and reducing potential dispensing errors in community pharmacies. Objective: To assess the predictors for effective telepharmacy services on increasing access of patients to care and reducing dispensing errors in community pharmacies. Method: This is a prospective study carried out for 4 months in 52 community pharmacies across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using disguised direct observation. Multivariable logistic regression was used as a tool to predict factors associated with effective telepharmacy services in improving dispensing safety and increasing access of patients to pharmaceutical care. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 26. Results: Pharmacist recommendations related to COVID-19 at pharmacies with telepharmacy (n = 63,714) versus those without remote services (n = 15,539) were significantly more likely to be (1) contact the nearest testing center (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.93), (2) maintain home quarantine (AOR = 5.64), and (3) take paracetamol for fever (AOR = 3.53), all were significant results (p < 0.05). Rates of medication dispensing errors (MDEs) and its subcategories, prescription-related errors, and pharmacist counseling errors across pharmacies with telepharmacy versus those without remote services were (15.81% vs. 19.43%, p < 0.05), (5.38% vs. 10.08%, p < 0.05), and (10.42% vs. 9.35%, p > 0.05), respectively. However, pharmacies with telepharmacy were more likely to include wrong patient errors (AOR = 5.38, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Telepharmacy can be used as a tool to reduce the burden on the health care system and improve drug dispensing safety in community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Ibrahim OM, Ibrahim RM, Meslamani AZA, Mazrouei NA. Dispensing errors in community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates: investigating incidence, types, severity, and causes. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2020; 18:2111. [PMID: 33149793 PMCID: PMC7603657 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication dispensing is a fundamental function of community pharmacies, and errors that occur during the dispensing process are a major threat to patient safety. However, to date there has been no national study of medication dispensing errors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the incidence, types, clinical significance, causes and predictors of medication dispensing errors. METHODS The study was conducted in randomly selected community pharmacies (n=350) across all regions of UAE over six months using a mixed-method approach, incorporating prospective disguised observation of dispensing errors and interviews with pharmacists regarding the causes of errors. A multidisciplinary committee, which included an otolaryngologist, a general practitioner and a clinical pharmacist, evaluated the severity of errors. SPSS (Version 26) was used for data analysis. RESULTS The overall rate of medication dispensing errors was 6.7% (n=30912/ 464222), of which 2.6% (n=12274/464222) were prescription-related errors and 4.1% (n= 18638/464222) pharmacist counselling errors. The most common type of prescription-related errors was wrong quantity (30.0%), whereas the most common pharmacist counselling error was wrong drug (32.1%). The majority of errors were caused by medicine replaced with near expire one (24.7%) followed by look-alike/sound-alike drugs (22.3%). The majority of errors were moderate (46.8%) and minor (44.5%); 8.7% were serious errors. Predictors of medication dispensing errors were: grade A pharmacies (dispensing ≥ 60 prescriptions a day (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.4-3.6; p=0.03) and prescriptions containing ≥4 medication orders (OR 2.5; 95%CI 1.7-4.3; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Medication dispensing errors are common in the UAE and our findings can be generalised and considered as a reference to launch training programmes on safe medication dispensing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. Sharjah (United Arab Emirates).
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. Sharjah (United Arab Emirates).
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology. Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah. Sharjah (United Arab Emirates).
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Abdel-Qader DH, Al Meslamani AZ, El-Shara' AA, Ismael NS, Albassam A, Lewis PJ, Hamadi S, Abbas HS, Al Mazrouei N, Mohamed Ibrahim O. Investigating prescribing errors in the emergency department of a large governmental hospital in Jordan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jphs.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although prescribing errors (PEs) are the most common type of medication errors and cause morbidity and mortality, they have been rarely studied.
Objective
The study aimed to investigate PEs incidence, types, severity, causes, predictors, pharmacists' interventions accepted by doctors and computer-related errors.
Setting
This study was conducted in the emergency department of the largest governmental hospital in Jordan.
Method
This was a retrospective observational 4-week study. A validated definition of PEs was adopted, and errors were identified by direct observation of all prescriptions. Structured interviews with doctors to assess the causes of errors were conducted within three days of the prescription date; the severity of PEs was rated by a committee.
Main outcome measure
Prescribing errors incidence, types, severity, causes, predictors, pharmacists' interventions accepted by doctors and computer-related errors.
Results
For 1330 patients, 3470 medication orders were recorded. Almost one in five patients had PEs (n = 288, 21.65%), and the total number of medication orders for patients who had errors was 610. The PEs incidence was 12.5% (95% CI 11.4%–3.5% (n = 450/3597)). Analgesics were the most common medications associated with PEs (232/610, 38.03%). The top two types of PEs detected were wrong drug (165/450, 36.6%) and wrong dose (142/450, 31.5%) respectively. Most PEs were clinically significant errors (342/450, 76%). Doctors refused pharmacists' interventions on their orders in 132 (45.8%) prescriptions. The most common cause of errors was poor skills of doctors in electronic prescribing system (266/450, 59%). Predictors of PEs were the following: drug with multiple dosage forms (OR 2.998; 95% CI 1.41–6.34; P = 0.004) and a prescription with polypharmacy (OR 1.685; 95% CI 1.25%–2.26%; P = 0.001).
Conclusion
A national approach for observing, intervening on and correcting PEs is necessary to improve patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Abdullah Albassam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Penny J Lewis
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Salim Hamadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hazim Saleem Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel-Qader DH, Albassam A, Ismael NS, El-Shara’ AA, Shehri A, Almutairi FS, Al-Harbi DM, Al Zahrani MM, Chen LC, Al Mazrouei N, Mohamed Ibrahim O. Awareness of Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Jordanian Community. J Prim Care Community Health 2020; 11:2150132720961255. [PMID: 32996372 PMCID: PMC7533952 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720961255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public awareness toward the causes and consequences of antibiotic resistance (AR) is crucial to mitigate the inappropriate use of antibiotics (ABs), particularly in the low- and middle-income countries. There was no previous study that assessed the awareness, attitude, and knowledge about antibiotic use and AR among the Jordanian public in affluent and deprived areas. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the awareness, attitude, and knowledge about antibiotic use and AR in affluent and deprived areas in Jordan. SETTING The survey was conducted in November 2019 in Amman, the capital of Jordan. METHOD A cross-sectional questionnaire was used to survey households in their areas in each of West Amman (affluent region) and East Amman (deprived region), Households were selected using proportionate random sampling method. RESULTS A total of 620 householders (310 per area) completed the questionnaire. Pharmacists were perceived as strong influencers on householders' decision, as 80.32% (n = 465/580) of those who used antibiotics in the last year follow pharmacists' advice. Our results showed poor understanding of antibiotic usage among the Jordanian public, as only 14.2% (n = 44/310) of the sample in West Amman and 2.9% (n = 9/310) in East Amman disagreed with the statement "Antibiotics work on most coughs and colds." Householders in West Amman showed much better understanding of AR compared to those in East Amman; 82.3% (n = 255/310) of West Amman respondents agreed with the statement "Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of the antibiotic." compared to 31.9% (n = 99/310) of East Amman respondents on the same statement (P < .05). CONCLUSION The Jordanian community generally had poor knowledge and awareness toward antibiotics use and AR. Socio-economic factors could influence the public's attitude toward antibiotics use and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aisha Shehri
- King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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