Geographical identification of strawberries based on stable isotope ratio and multi-elemental analysis coupled with multivariate statistical analysis: A Slovenian case study.
Food Chem 2022;
381:132204. [PMID:
35114619 DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132204]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The geographical classification and authentication of strawberries were attempted using discriminant and class-modelling methods applied to stable isotopes of light elements and elemental composition. The work involved creating a database of 92 authentic Slovenian strawberry samples and 32 imported samples. All samples were harvested between 2018 and 2020. A good geographical classification of Slovenian and non-Slovenian strawberries was obtained despite different production years using discriminant approaches. However, for verifying compliance with a given specification (geographical indications), a class-modelling approach was used to build an unbiased verification model. Class models generated by data-driven soft independent modelling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA) had high sensitivity (96% to 97%) and good specificity (81% to 91%) on a yearly basis, while a more generalised model combining total yearly data gave a lower specificity (63%). Of the 33 commercially available samples (test samples) with declared Slovenian origin, 39% were from outside of Slovenia.
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