[Preliminary observation of wearable balance diagnosis and treatment system in evaluating dynamic and static balance function in patients with vestibular vertigo]

A newly developed wearable balance diagnosis and treatment system was studied to evaluate the indexes of the abnormal balance function in patients with vestibular vertigo. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with non-acute vestibular vertigo in the outpatient department of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from July 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the vertigo group, including 13 males and 17 females, and aged (45.7±13.9) years. Meanwhile, 20 healthy controls (8 males and 12 females) were included as the control group, with a mean age of (43.6±8.0) years. The static balance and limits of stability (LOS) function of all subjects were assessed with wearable balance diagnosis and treatment system developed under the leadership of Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. In the static balance test, the ratio of eyes open with cushions to eyes open without cushions in the vertigo group was less than that of the control group[1.20% (0.92%, 1.53%) vs 1.49% (1.22%, 1.81%), P=0.008], indicating that patients with non-acute vestibular vertigo may compensate static balance ability earlier. In vertigo group, the directional control in 8 directions, the maximum excursion in anterior, posterior, right anterior and right posterior directions, the endpoint excursion in the posterior, right posterior, and left posterior directions were all smaller than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The reaction time in the left posterior direction of vertigo group was longer than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Those results indicated that the directional control, maximum excursion and endpoint excursion of LOS could be considered as important reference indexes for dynamic balance function.

Efficacy and safety of intrathecal pemetrexed for TKI-failed leptomeningeal metastases from EGFR+ NSCLC: an expanded, single-arm, phase II clinical trial

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal pemetrexed (IP) for treating patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in an expanded, prospective, single-arm, phase II clinical study (ChiCTR1800016615).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with confirmed NSCLC-LM who progressed from TKI received IP (50 mg, day 1/day 5 for 1 week, then every 3 weeks for four cycles, and then once monthly) until disease progression or intolerance. Objectives were to assess overall survival (OS), response rate, and safety. Measurable lesions were assessed by investigator according to RECIST version 1.1. LM were assessed according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria.

RESULTS

The study included 132 patients; 68% were female and median age was 52 years (31-74 years). The median OS was 12 months (95% confidence interval 10.4-13.6 months), RANO-assessed response rate was 80.3% (106/132), and the most common adverse event was myelosuppression (n = 42; 31.8%), which reversed after symptomatic treatment. The results of subgroup analysis showed that absence of brain parenchymal metastasis, good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, good response to IP treatment, negative cytology after treatment, and patients without neck/back pain/difficult defecation had longer survival. Gender, age, previous intrathecal methotrexate/cytarabine, and whole-brain radiotherapy had no significant influence on OS.

CONCLUSIONS

This study further showed that IP is an effective and safe treatment method for the EGFR-TKI-failed NSCLC-LM, and should be recommended for these patients in clinical practice and guidelines.

Establishing a pulmonary aspergillus fumigatus infection diagnostic platform based on RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a

In this study, we devised a diagnostic platform harnessing a combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system. Notably, this platform obviates the need for intricate equipment and finds utility in diverse settings. Two result display methods were incorporated in this investigation: the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence method and the RPA-Cas12a-LFS (lateral flow strip). Upon validation, both display platforms exhibited no instances of cross-reactivity, with seven additional types of fungal pathogens responsible for respiratory infections. The established detection limit was ascertained to be as low as 102 copies/µL. In comparison to fluorescence quantitative PCR, the platform demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.7%, a specificity of 100%, and a consistency rate of 98.0%.This platform provides expeditious, precise, and on-site detection capabilities, thereby rendering it a pivotal diagnostic instrument amenable for deployment in primary healthcare facilities and point-of-care settings.

A novel NMDA receptor modulator: the antidepressant effect and mechanism of GW043

AIMS

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) has been proven to be strongly correlated with rapid antidepressant effects. Here, GW043, as a new compound targeting NMDAR, we explored its antidepressant effects and its mechanism of action.

METHODS

Our study utilized electrophysiological techniques to confirm the effect of GW043 on NMDAR currents. Additionally, we assessed the selectivity of GW043 through high-throughput receptor-ligand binding experiments. The antidepressant properties of GW043 were examined using rodent behavioral models including the Forced Swim Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST), and Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS). Mechanistic insight into GW043's onset was gained through western blot analysis, BrdU staining, Golgi staining, and electrophysiological techniques.

RESULTS

Electrophysiological studies indicated that GW043 acts as a partial agonist of NMDAR. Behavioral experiments confirmed the antidepressant effect of GW043 in rodents. Mechanistic investigations revealed that GW043 modulates synaptic plasticity through the LTP and BDNF-mTOR pathways, consequently leading to an increase in the number of newborn neurons and subsequent antidepressant effects.

CONCLUSION

Our findings disclose that GW043, as a partial agonist of NMDAR, can reverse depression-like behaviors in rats by modulating synaptic plasticity, indicating its potential as an antidepressant agent.

A bibliometric analysis of Barrett's esophagus

OBJECTIVE

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is known to have a high incidence and poor prognosis in the population and is a serious threat to public health. As a precancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma, early intervention of Barrett's esophagus is key to the prevention and treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Research publications on Barrett's esophagus (BE) were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection, and the extracted publications were screened to obtain relevant data. The included articles were analyzed bibliometrically using Microsoft Excel 2019, Citespace V, and VOSviewer 1.6.18. The keywords used for the search can be categorized into 4 clusters: endoscopic therapy, clinical screening, risk factors, and drug therapy.

RESULTS

A total of 3,497 publications from 83 countries and 3,319 research institutions were retrieved. Since 1983, there has been a rapid increase in publications in this field. The United States (n = 1,941) and Mayo Clinic (n = 218) were the most productive countries and institutions, respectively, and the most prominent author was Kenneth K. Wang, who published 89 papers.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we were able to perform a comprehensive and systematic analysis of literature related to BE. Endoscopic resection and radiofrequency ablation may emerge as research hotspots for BE in the future. Our findings provide insight into the current trends in the management of BE and facilitate the choice of appropriate measures to improve the prognosis of patients.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Perfluorooctanoic Acid-Induced Kidney Injury by Interfering with PPAR Signaling Pathway

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely used in aviation science and technology, transportation, electronics, kitchenware, and other household products. It is stable in the environment and has potential nephrotoxicity. To investigate the effect of PFOA exposure during pregnancy on the kidneys of offspring mice, a total of 20 mice at day 0 of gestation were randomly divided into two groups (10 mice in each group), and each group was administered 0.2 mL of PFOA at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg or deionized water by gavage during gestation. The kidney weight, kidney index, histopathological observation, serum biochemistry, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of the kidneys of the 35-day offspring mice were analyzed. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in the kidney were measured. Transcriptome analysis results showed that 387 genes were up-regulated and 283 genes were down-regulated compared with the control group. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly concentrated in the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and circadian rhythm. Compared with the control group, 64 and 73 metabolites were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the PFOA group. The altered metabolites were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. PFOA can affect the expression levels of circadian rhythm-related genes in the kidneys of offspring mice, and this change is influenced by the PPAR signaling pathway. PFOA causes oxidative stress in the kidneys, which is responsible for significant changes in metabolites associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

[Efficacy and safety of bendamustine-rituximab combination therapy for newly diagnosed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and elderly mantle cell lymphoma: a multi-center prospective phase II clinical trial in China]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bendamustine in combination with rituximab (BR regimen) for the treatment of newly diagnosed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-iNHL) and elderly mantle cell lymphoma (eMCL) . Methods: From December 1, 2020 to September 10, 2022, a multi-center prospective study was conducted across ten Grade A tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China. The BR regimen was administered to evaluate its efficacy and safety in newly diagnosed B-iNHL and eMCL patients, and all completed at least four cycles of induction therapy. Results: The 72 enrolled patients with B-iNHL or MCL were aged 24-74 years, with a median age of 55 years. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scores of 0-1 were observed in 76.4% of patients, while 23.6% had scores of 2. Disease distribution included follicular lymphoma (FL) (51.4% ), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (33.3% ), eMCL (11.1% ), and the unknown subtype (4.2% ). According to the Ann Arbor staging system, 16.7% and 65.3% of patients were diagnosed with stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ lymphomas, respectively. Following four cycles of BR induction therapy, the overall response rate was 98.6%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 83.3% and a partial response (PR) rate of 15.3%. Only one eMCL patient experienced disease progression during treatment, and only one FL patient experienced a relapse. Even when evaluated using CT alone, the CR rate was 63.9%, considering the differences between PET/CT and CT assessments. The median follow-up duration was 11 months (range: 4-22), with a PFS rate of 96.8% and an OS rate of 100.0%. The main hematologic adverse reactions included grade 3-4 leukopenia (27.8%, with febrile neutropenia observed in 8.3% of patients), grade 3-4 lymphopenia (23.6% ), grade 3-4 anemia (5.6% ), and grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia (4.2% ). The main non-hematologic adverse reactions such as fatigue, nausea/vomiting, rash, and infections occurred in less than 20.0% of patients. Conclusion: Within the scope of this clinical trial conducted in China, the BR regimen demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating newly diagnosed B-iNHL and eMCL patients.

Creating an ultra-sensitive detection platform for monkeypox virus DNA based on CRISPR technology

The recent major worldwide outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has highlighted the urgent need for accurate MPXV detection methods. Although quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique is currently the gold standard for MPXV diagnosis, the high costs associated with the technique and the need for complex instrumentation, limits its application in resource-poor settings. CRISPR technology has developed rapidly in recent years and provides an effective tool for point-of-care testing pathogen identification. Here, we exploited the cleavage properties of the Cas12a enzyme and Cas13a enzyme, to detect the MPXV specific genes, F3L gene and B6R gene, respectively. We developed two detection protocols: a 2-step method in which the CRISPR Dual System reaction and the multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification reaction were carried out in separate tubes and a single-tube method in which both reactions were carried out in one tube. Evaluation of the two methods showed that our protocol can detect the MPXV genome down to 10° copies/μL with good specificity and no cross-reactivity with other poxviruses pseudoviruses, and bacteria. Mock positive samples were used to assess clinical applicability, with the results showing satisfactory concordance with the qPCR method for parallel testing. In conclusion, our study provides a reliable molecular diagnostic strategy for detection of MPXV.

Anti-Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated Protein 1 antibody-associated encephalitis complicated by minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a case report

BACKGROUND

The aim of the study was to summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of leucine-rich glioma inactivation protein 1 (LGI-1) antibody-associated encephalitis coexistence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), moreover, to strengthen the awareness of the disease. Increasing number of studies describe coexistence of autoimmune encephalitis and other systemic autoimmune diseases.

CASE REPORT

Here we report a case of a patient with anti- LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis, who presented with cognitive dysfunction, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), sleep disturbance, and hyponatremia. Treatment with immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine was proven effective for this patient. The patient had a history of MCNS diagnosed by renal biopsy and responded to treatment with low dose of oral corticosteroids.

CONCLUSIONS

This case expanded the spectrum of autoimmune comorbidities in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis.

Constructing Interfacial Boron‐Nitrogen Moieties in Turbostratic Carbon for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) provides a green route for decentralized H₂O₂ synthesis, where a structure–selectivity relationship is pivotal for the control of a highly selective and active two‐electron pathway. Here, we report the fabrication of a boron and nitrogen co‐doped turbostratic carbon catalyst with tunable B−N−C configurations (CNB‐ZIL) by the assistance of a zwitterionic liquid (ZIL) for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production. Combined spectroscopic analysis reveals a fine tailored B−N moiety in CNB‐ZIL, where interfacial B−N species in a homogeneous distribution tend to segregate into hexagonal boron nitride domains at higher pyrolysis temperatures. Based on the experimental observations, a correlation between the interfacial B−N moieties and HO₂⁻ selectivity is established. The CNB‐ZIL electrocatalysts with optimal interfacial B−N moieties exhibit a high HO₂⁻ selectivity with small overpotentials in alkaline media, giving a HO₂⁻ yield of ≈1787 mmol g_catalyst⁻¹ h⁻¹ at −1.4 V in a flow‐cell reactor.

[Clinicopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of 6 cases of congenital granular cell tumor]

To provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital granular cell tumor (CGCT), by comprehensive analysis of the clinical data, histopathological and immunohistochemical results. Patients with CGCT were involede, from March 2015 to November 2020, at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. A total of 6 children, aged 3-16 days, 1 male and 5 female, 5 maxillary and 1 mandibular, with maximum tumor diameter of 6-70 mm, were included. The lesions of CGCT were single and connected to the alveolar ridge by a pedicle. The surface of the tumor was covered with a vascular network, and two cases had ulcers on the surface of the tumor. All 6 cases had the tumor removed surgically and there was no recurrence or metastasis in the follow-up visit. Although CGCT is rare, it is a benign tumor and generally does not recur or metastasize after surgery, and has a good prognosis. The prenatal imaging, clinical manifestations after delivery, pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical analyses may provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of CGCT.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of the Bubble Cone on the Cooling Jets used in the Blown Film Manufacturing Process

An experimental investigation was performed to characterize the flow field produced by a dual-lip air ring used in the blown-film manufacturing process for a solid model with a blow-up ratio of 3.5 similar to the shape of a typical LLDPE bubble. Distributions of the static and fluctuating pressure on the model and the flow field above the forming cone were measured for a range of settings on the dual-lip air ring. It was found that the distribution of the pressure on the bubble below the forming cone had many features similar to the measurements for a bubble with a blow-up ratio of 2.5 [1]. In the region above the forming cone, the upper jet appeared to merge with the lower jet rather than entraining the lower jet as was observed for a bubble with a blow-up ratio of 2.5 [1]. This resulted in a smaller local maximum in the normalized fluctuating pressure in the region above the forming cone and would likely result in less heat transfer in this region. It was also found that the initial angle of the upper jet exiting the air ring changed when the height of the bubble cone was adjusted for the bubble with the blow-up ratio of 3.5. This affected the static pressure in the region below the location where the upper jet attaches to the bubble and the pressure fluctuations in the region where the upper jet attaches to the surface. Finally, unlike the bubble with the blow-up-ratio of 2.5 [1], the presence of the bubble cone caused a region of negative gauge pressure in the region above the forming cone that should act to stabilize the bubble against the bubble cone. The pressure in this region and the region below the forming cone both decreased when the porosity of the bubble cone was reduced.

[Assessment of the quality of life of mandibular ameloblastoma patients after reconstruction with double-barrel fibula flap]

Objective: To analyse the quality of life of patients receiving repair of bone defect with folded fibula flap after removal of mandibular ameloblastoma. Methods: The case data of 39 patients with ameloblastoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2013 to April 2016 were retrospectively analysed, including 21 males and 18 females, from 18 to 58 years old. 3D printing and digital technology were used in flap preparation before surgery in all patients. The folded fibular flaps were used to repair mandibular defects and the implants were placed between 6-9 months after surgery. The short form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and the university of Washington quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL) were applied to evaluate the quality of life of patients before surgery and at 6 months and 24 months after surgery. The higher the score, the better the condition. SPSS 20.0 was adopted for statistical analysis. Results: The SF-36 survey showed that the mean score of body role before surgery (72.4±11.7) was significantly higher than that at 6 months after surgery (39.6±11.1, t=23.580, P<0.05) or that at 24 months after surgery (59.8±6.4, t=8.358, P<0.001). Compared with the preoperative mean scores of Physical Pain (73.0±11.0), General Health (73.4±10.4) and Health Changes (79.2±3.9) before surgery, the mean scores Physical Pain (53.1±7.7), General Health (53.5±7.5) and Health Changes (63.9±11.7) at 6 months after surgery were decreased significantly respectively (t=13.068, 13.756 and 10.880, respectively, all P<0.05), but the mean scores Physical Pain (78.8±14.0), General Health (80.9±12.6) and Health Changes (84.4±4.6) at 24 months after surgery were increased significantly respectively (t=-2.904, -4.027 and -7.586, respectively, all P<0.05), with significant differences in the mean scores of Physical Pain, General Health and Health Changes between 6 and 24 months after surgery (t=-14.241, -16.490, -14.294, respectively, all P<0.001). The UW-QOL survey showed that the mean scores of chewing, language and taste functions decreased at 6 months after surgery (53.1±6.7, 53.0±7.7 and 62.2±9.9, respectively), but improved at 24 months after surgery (67.9±3.9, 63.9±2.9 and 68.4±11.1, respectively), with statistically significant difference (t=-16.765, -11.675 and 2.498, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusion: The application of folded fibula flaps to repair bone defects after sugery of mandibular ameloblastoma can better meet the needs of language and chewing functions and improve the quality of life of patients.

Correlations of IL-6 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 gene polymorphisms with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Specimens were collected from 200 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (disease group) and 200 normal children (control group) in our hospital. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood nucleated cells in both groups to detect the gene polymorphisms rs2069830 and rs2069836 of IL-6, as well as rs3024489 and rs3024493 of IL-10. Then, the content of serum IL-6 and IL-10 was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS

It was found that there were differences in the distribution of alleles of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 (p=0.000) and IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024493 (p=0.007) between the disease group and control group. The frequency of T allele of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 was higher, while that of IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024493 was lower in the disease group. Besides, the differences in the distribution of genotypes of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 (p=0.000) and IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024493 (p=0.000) were also observed between the disease group and control group. Moreover, the disease group had higher frequencies of TT genotype of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 and TA genotype of IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024493. The frequencies of dominant model of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 (p=0.048) and recessive model of IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024493 (p=0.000) in the disease group were different from those in the control group. In addition, the frequency of CC + CT dominant model of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 was lower, and the frequency of TA + AA recessive model of IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024493 was higher in the disease group. There were differences in haplotypes CG (p=0.001), CT (p=0.007), and TG (p=0.000) of IL-6 gene, as well as haplotypes AA (p=0.002) and AT (p=0.005) of IL-10 gene between disease group and control group. Furthermore, the content of IL-6 in the serum was associated with the genotypes of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 (p<0.05), whereas the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia carrying CT genotype had remarkably higher content of serum IL-6. The genotypes of IL-6 gene polymorphism rs2069830 was notably related to white blood cell (WBC) (p=0.002), and the WBC level was higher in children with CT genotype. The genotypes of IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024489 had prominent correlations with platelet (PLT) (p=0.043), and the children with AA genotype had a higher PLT level. In addition, the genotypes of IL-10 gene polymorphism rs3024493 were evidently correlated with hemoglobin, which was significantly higher in children carrying TA genotype.

CONCLUSIONS

The gene polymorphisms of IL-6 and IL-10 are significantly correlated with the susceptibility to and pathogenesis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

[Application of the posteromedial thigh flap for oral and maxillofacial defect reconstruction]

To explore the feasibility of using the posteromedial thigh flap as an alternative source for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. During January 2019 to January 2020, twenty-three patients underwent oral and maxillofacial tumor ablation and defect reconstruction with 23 posteromedial thigh flaps were enrolled in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Thirteen of the patients were male and ten were female, with age of (54.5±9.7) years (33-72 years). The numbers and types of perforators, the dimension of flap and the vascular pedicle length were measured. The outcomes of flaps and donor-site complication were recorded. The patients' satisfaction with donor-site cosmesis were evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS). More than one sizable perforators was found in each case and the median number of perforators was 2 (range, 1 to 4), and all of the perforators were musculocutaneous. The pedicle length was (9.8±1.5) cm (range, 7.3 to 13.4 cm). The diameters of artery and the larger vein were 2.0 mm (range, 1.5 to 2.5 mm) and 2.0 mm (range, 1.5 to 3.0 mm), respectively. The dimension of the flaps ranged from 8 cm×6 cm to 12 cm×8 cm, and the donor sites were all closed primarily. All of the flaps were clinically survived, only one patient experienced partial wound dehiscence of donor site 14 days postoperatively and no donor site infection or permanent muscular weakness was reported. The VAS scores of the patients' satisfaction with donor-site cosmesis were all more than 8. The perforators of the posteromedial thigh flap is consistent and the donor-site scar is well concealed, which make the posteromedial thigh flap an excellent option for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction.

GW117: A novel serotonin (5-HT2C ) receptor antagonist and melatonin (MT1 /MT2 ) receptor agonist with potential antidepressant-like activity in rodents

Aims

To evaluate the antidepressant‐like effect of compound GW117 in rodents using in vitro binding and uptake assays as well in vivo behavioral tests.

Methods

We investigated the target profile of GW117 using [³⁵S]‐GTPγS and [³H]PIP binding. Using the forced swimming test and chronic unpredictable stress in rats, tail suspension test in mice and rats, and learned helplessness model in mice, we further revealed the antidepressant‐like and anxiolytic‐like effects of GW117.

Results

The current study suggests that GW117 displays serotonin 2C (5‐HT_2C) receptor antagonist and melatonin type 1 and 2 (MT₁/MT₂) receptor agonist properties, as well as evident antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.

Conclusion

These data suggest that GW117 is probably a potent antidepressant.

Neuropharmacological and antidepressant-like effects of ZY-1408: A novel serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and serotonin receptor 2C antagonist

Depression is a common mental illness and leading cause of disability. Most current antidepressants are associated with significant limitations, and in particular, a delayed onset and low rate of efficacy. Consequently, there remains an ongoing need for antidepressants that are either more effective or better tolerated than existing standards. We previously identified ZY-1408 as a drug with a novel chemical structure and potential anti-depressant-like activity. Specifically, ZY-1408 is a novel serotonin 2C (5-HT_2C) receptor antagonist and serotonin/norepinephrine (5-HT/NE) reuptake inhibitor. In this study, we further investigated the antidepressant-like efficacy of ZY-1408 using in vitro and in vivo behavioral tests. ZY-1408 showed 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist and 5-HT/NE reuptake inhibitor properties in vitro. Meanwhile, ZY-1408 decreased immobility in vivo in a dose-dependent manner in rats (via the forced-swim test) and mice (via the tail-suspension test). The behavioral test results do not appear to result from stimulation of locomotor activity. In chronically stressed rats, repeated ZY-1408 treatment significantly reversed depressive-like behavior, including reduced sucrose preference, decreased locomotor activity, and prolonged time to begin eating. Furthermore, in vivo microdialysis showed that administration of ZY-1408 significantly increased extracellular concentrations of 5-HT and NE in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. Thus, ZY-1408 is a potent and orally active 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist and 5-HT/NE reuptake inhibitor with antidepressant-like activity in rodents.

[Pleural effusion as the first manifestation of pleural isolated myeloid sarcoma: a case report and literature review]

Objective: To analyze the clinic features of isolated myeloid sarcoma (IMS) involving the pleural cavity. Methods: A case of pleural isolated myeloid sarcoma (PIMS) with pleural effusion as the first manifestation was described. The related cases in literatures were reviewed with"myeloid sarcoma"and"pleural effusions"as the keywords to search China HowNet, Wanfang database and PubMed database. Results: A 59-year-old man complained of right chest pain for 2 months and worsening pain with distress and shortness of breath for 2 weeks. The chest CT scan showed pleural effusion on the right side. Flow cytometric analysis of pleural fluid showed that a population of blasts with CD₃₄ expressing was 37.6% of the total nucleated cells. The pleural biopsy through medical thoracoscopy indicated lymphoproliferative lesions by pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry was performed on pleural histological sections and cell blocks of pleural effusions, which showed CD₃₄ and CD₁₁₇ positive expression. The diagnosis of PIMS was finally made. Two literature papers with 2 complete cases were found and reviewed. The 3 cases were analyzed. There were 2 males and 1 female. The age was 59, 51, 56 years respectively. One case was a patient with 3 weeks of right upper quadrant and epigastric pain, nausea, and weight loss. Cytological examination of the pleural fluid showed numerous poorly differentiated malignant cells. Histology from an open laparotomy in duodenal biopsies, gallbladder, and mesenteric lymph nodes supported the diagnosis of IMS. The other case was a patient with 6 weeks of dyspnea and a large swelling in the upper vestibular region. Thoracentesis showed 82% myeloid blasts in the pleural fluid. A gingival biopsy showed a diffuse infiltration by cells with a blastic appearance and supported IMS. Conclusion: PIMS was a very rare cause of pleural effusions. The cytological and histopathological evidences were useful to diagnose IMS involving the pleural cavity.

Association of SOX11 gene expression withclinical features and prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma

OBJECTIVE

To study the expression of SOX11 in the patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and explore the clinical values of SOX11 in MCL.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In the paraffin-embedded MCL tissues of 75 patients diagnosed in the Department of Hematology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, were performed the immunohistochemical labeling of Ki67 and SOX11 by the EnVision method. Meanwhile, the expression of SOX11 mRNA was also detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the association of SOX11 with such prognostic indexes as pathological typing, staging, immunophenotyping, and MIPI was analyzed using the statistical method.

RESULTS

The immunohistochemistry showed that 97% of cases expressed SOX11 positive, and the RT-PCR results showed that the expression of SOX11 mRNA in the MCL patients was significantly higher than those with reactive hyperplasia lymphoid [3.097 (1.311, 6.216) and 1.058 (0.302, 2.623, respectively (p<0.05). Higher expression of SOX11 mRNA was positively correlated with some good prognostic factors such as ECOG<2, no bone marrow involvement and low-risk according to the International Prognostic Index (IPI). The comparison of the survival curves between group SOX11 mRNA <M and SOX11 mRNA≥M showed the median survival in the former was shorter than that in the latter, which was 27 months and 50 months, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The expression of SOX11 in MCL patients is significantly higher than normal controls, which can be used as a diagnostic index. Upregulated SOX11 may be a good prognostic factor in MCL patients.

Creation and annihilation of topological meron pairs in in-plane magnetized films

Merons which are topologically equivalent to one-half of skyrmions can exist only in pairs or groups in two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) systems. The recent discovery of meron lattice in chiral magnet Co₈Zn₉Mn₃ raises the immediate challenging question that whether a single meron pair, which is the most fundamental topological structure in any 2D meron systems, can be created and stabilized in a continuous FM film? Utilizing winding number conservation, we develop a new method to create and stabilize a single pair of merons in a continuous Py film by local vortex imprinting from a Co disk. By observing the created meron pair directly within a magnetic field, we determine its topological structure unambiguously and explore the topological effect in its creation and annihilation processes. Our work opens a pathway towards developing and controlling topological structures in general magnetic systems without the restriction of perpendicular anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction.

A meron is one half of a skyrmion but whether a single meron pair can be created and stabilized remains a challenging question. Here, Gao et al. develop a method to create and stabilize individual pairs of merons in a continuous Py film by local vortex imprinting from Co disks.

Targeting the HMGA2 oncogene by miR-498 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer biological behaviors

OBJECTIVE

Previous study reported that miR-498 served as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miR-498 and its target gene HMGA2 in NSCLC progression.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The expression of miR-498 was assessed in clinical NSCLC specimens and cell lines using RT-PCR. Overexpression of miR-498 and transfection of pLenti-HMGA2 were performed in A549 cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to analyze the regulation of putative target of miR-498. Western blot was used to detect the levels of HMGA2 in A549 cells.

RESULTS

MiR-498 was found to be down-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. After miR-498 mimics transfection, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly suppressed in the NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-498 may target the 3'-UTR of HMGA2 and suppressed its translation, and was further confirmed by luciferase assay. Furthermore, restoration of HMGA2 expression completely rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-498 in NSCLC cells.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper revealed that miR-498 may serve as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC through targeting HMGA2, suggesting that miR-498 could represent a novel target for effective therapies.

[Correlation study of peripheral blood inflammatory factors in patients with sudden deafness]

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the difference of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood between sudden deafness patients and normal people, and to evaluate the predictive value of inflammatory factors in hearing recovery of sudden deafness patients. Method:Seventy-two inpatients with sudden deafness and 19 healthy persons were included. At the beginning of treatment in our hospital, audiometry was performed and peripheral blood was collected. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17α, TGF-β1 and TNF-α in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA. The treatment was intravenous steroid（not applied if patients with contraindication of systemic steroid application）+ intratympanic steroid injection+ microcirculation improvement or neurotrophic therapy+ hyperbaric oxygen. At the end of the treatment, audiometry was performed again. A total of 26 patients were collected to test the levels of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood again at the end of the treatment. Result:The mean levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17α, TGF-β1 and TNF-α in peripheral blood of patients were （2.66±9.57） pg/ml, （4.71±6.91） pg/ml, （19.33±32.27） pg/ml, （50 018.37±14 660.72） pg/ml, （1.52±2.40） pg/ml, respectively. And the level of these five inflammatory factors in normal persons were （3.61±9.82） pg/ml, （3.58±4.49） pg/ml, （11.64±13.29） pg/ml, （45 199.98±11 956.09） pg/ml，（1.09±1.08） pg/ml respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between these two groups. A total of 45 cases were effective（hearing threshold increased ≥15 dB） and 27 cases were ineffective（hearing threshold increased<15 dB）. There was no significant difference in the levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups. Among 26 patients with blood samples before and after treatment, the level of TGF-β1 after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment. Conclusion:The levels of these five inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17α, TGF-β1 and TNF-αin peripheral blood could not predict the recovery of sudden hearing loss. The role of inflammation in the development of sudden deafness needs further confirmation. TGF-β1 may be involved in the development of sudden deafness.

Evaluation and comparison of the diagnostic performance of routine blood tests in predicting liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B infection

Background & aims: Biopsy is the gold standard for staging liver fibrosis, but it may be accompanied by complications. As an alternative, non-invasive markers such as transient elastography (for liver fibrosis) and certain combinations of routine blood markers (liver function tests, full blood count) have been developed although their clinical significance remains controversial. Here, we compare the diagnostic values of non-invasive markers for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Methods: Transient elastography and routine laboratory tests were performed in 196 patients. Diagnostic performances were compared and were assessed based on the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Elevated GGT to platelet ratio (GPR), the fibrosis index FIB-4 [based on age, AST, platelets and ALT], platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and total bilirubin were independent predictors of liver stiffness defined by transient elastography (all P < 0.001). The AUCs of GPR in predicting both advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were significantly larger than that of FIB-4 (P = 0.037 and P = 0.008, respectively) and AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) (P = 0.008 and P = 0.005). FIB-4, APRI and red cell volume distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) had similar diagnostic values in discriminating different levels of liver fibrosis. Conclusions: GPR showed the best diagnostic value and RPR and PLR are easily available and inexpensive markers in evaluating fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic values of these laboratory markers are useful in diagnosing advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, and in confirming the different levels of liver fibrosis.

An outbreak of strangles associated with a novel genotype of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in donkeys in China during 2018

BACKGROUND

Strangles is a highly contagious respiratory disease of equids caused by the bacterium Streptococcus equi subspecies equi.

OBJECTIVES

To identify the cause of an outbreak of strangles that occurred on donkey farms within the Shandong Province of China and determine the prevalence of the disease.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional.

METHODS

Samples were taken from clinically affected animals to measure the prevalence of strangles within the population of donkeys at six intensive farms in China and identify the SeM type of isolate recovered from affected animals. Diagnosis was confirmed by bacterial isolation, biochemical tests and PCR. Epidemiological data were analysed using Chi-square test and a Fisher's exact two-sided test. The SeM gene of S. equi isolates recovered from affected animals was determined and compared with the SeM database PubMLST-seM.

RESULTS

In July and August 2018, an outbreak of strangles occurred on six donkey farms within the Shandong Province of China. The overall prevalence of disease within the different donkey herds was 13.4%. Younger animals were worst affected with 40.3% (83/206) of donkey foals aged under 1 year exhibiting clinical signs compared with 12.5% (191/1525) of donkeys aged one to 2 years and 3.8% (17/442) of donkeys over 2 years of age. Analysis of SeM sequencing data identified that the farms were affected by the same strain of S. equi, SD201807, which contains the novel 136 allele of SeM.

MAIN LIMITATIONS

Healthy donkeys were not sampled in this study.

CONCLUSIONS

The number of intensive donkey breeding farms in China has risen recently. The higher numbers of animals that are in closer proximity to one another raise the potential for the transmission of infectious diseases such as strangles. This is the first description of a strangles outbreak among donkey herds in China. The Summary is available in Chinese - see Supporting information.

Lipid accumulation responses in the liver of Rana nigromaculata induced by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a perfluorinated compound that is widely distributed, is persistent in the environment, and has a low-level chronic exposure effect on human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ (PPARγ) and the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) signaling pathways in regulating the lipid damage response to PFOA in the livers of amphibians. Male and female frogs (Rana nigromaculata) were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/L PFOA. After treatment, we evaluated the pathological changes in the liver by Oil Red O, staining and examined the total cholesterol (T-CHO) and triglyceride (TG) contents. The mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, Fatty acid synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), SREBP2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The administration of PFOA caused marked lipid accumulation damage in the amphibian livers. The T-CHO contents were elevated significantly after PFOA treatment; these results show a dose-dependent manner in both sexes. The TG content showed a significant increase in male livers, while it was elevated significantly in female livers. The RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, ACC, FAS, GPAT, SREBP2 and HMG-CoA were significantly dose-dependently increased in the PFOA-treated groups compared with those of the control group. Our results demonstrated that PFOA-induced lipid accumulation also affected the expression levels of genes FAS, ACC, GPAT and HMG-CoA in the PPARγ and SREBP2 signaling pathways in the liver. These finding will provide a scientific theoretical basis for the protection of Rana nigromaculata against PFOA effects.

[Observation and prevention measures against adverse reaction to intratympanic corticosteroid injections]

Objective:To investigate clinical characteristic and incidence of the adverse reaction to tympanic injection. The incidence rates of adverse reaction were also compared after improvement of anesthetic method and changed ratio of methylprednisolone. Method: A retrospective analysis of 712 cases (1 928 injections) of receiving injection in a medical center, to explore the overall and classified adverse reactions, as well as effects of age and gender and frequency on adverse reactions. According to the clinical characteristics of the early stage, the incidence of adverse reaction was observed after the application of anesthesia warming method and the change of methylprednisolone ratio. Result: Adverse reaction was found in 76 cases which included 62 cases of mild reactions, 4 cases of severe reactions and 10 cases of glucocorticoid-related reactions. Overall, 10.67% of patients had adverse reactions. There was no correlation between adverse reactions and age, gender or frequency. The incidence of vertigo was decreased after the application of improved anesthesia (P<0.05). The incidence of pain of joint methylprednisolone-and-lidocaine injection was lower than that of methylprednisolone injection (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intratympanic injection is a safe treatment, to some extent, although there is low incidence of adverse effects of it. At the same time, anesthetic warming method and changing the ratio of methylprednisolone can further reduce the incidence of vertigo and pain.

Role of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-induced hepatotoxicity in Rana nigromaculata

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely distributed in various environmental media and is toxic to organisms. This study demonstrated that PFOA induces hepatotoxicity in the frog and evaluated the role of CYP3A and the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in regulating responses to PFOA-induced hepatotoxicity. Rana nigromaculata were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg/L PFOA solutions in a static-renewal system for 14 days. Liver tissue samples were collected 24 h after the last treatment. Hepatic histology was observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy. The oxidative stress levels in the liver were measured. The expression levels of CYP3A, Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 mRNA were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. PFOA-treated frog liver tissue exhibited diffuse cell borders, cytoplasmic vacuolization, broken nuclei, nuclear chromatin margination, and swollen mitochondria. In addition, the livers of PFOA-treated frogs showed a significantly elevated content of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity compared to the livers of control frogs. However, the glutathione peroxidase activities concomitantly decreased in PFOA-treated frogs compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, compared with control frogs, the expression levels of CYP3A, Nrf2, and NQO1 mRNA significantly increased in PFOA-treated frogs. HO-1 mRNA expression remarkably increased only in groups treated with 0.5 or 1 mg/L PFOA. Our results indicate that PFOA induces hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the results of the comparison analysis between different gender groups illustrated that PFOA is more toxic to female frogs than male frogs. Our results demonstrated that PFOA causes liver damage and that CYP3A enhances PFOA-induced female frogs hepatotoxicity are more virulent than male through biotransformation, and the activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway is induced to protect against hepatotoxicity in Rana nigromaculata, all of which provide the scientific basis for the protection of amphibians against environmental contaminants.

[Assessment of the quality of life of mandible defect after reconstruction with fibula flap]

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent resection of mandible and reconstruction by fibula flap. Methods: A total of seventy six patients who underwent resection of mandible and reconstruction by fibula flap admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to August 2016 were prospectively analyzed. In the preoperative and postoperative 3 month, 12 months, the QOL of these patients were assessed by using the 14-item oral health impact profile questionnaires (OHIP), The University of Washington quality of life (UW-QOL) and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire head and neck module (EORTC-QLQ-H&N). Results: The OHIP-14 questionnaire showed the highest score of the three months after surgery was mental discomfort (73.0±11.9) and psychological disorder (72.1±11.9), and it was difficult to be relieved over time. In the 12 months after surgery, the lowest scores were physiological pain (35.0±8.6) and disability (37.5±10.2), and 87% (66/76) patients thought that the flap repair worked well. The UW-QOL questionnaire showed that the scores of the patients' chewing, taste and salivary were significantly reduced by 3 months after the operation, and they were still unable to recover to preoperative level 12 months after surgery. The EORTC-QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire showed that swallowing, language, and diet scored higher in the three months after surgery, but could be restored to preoperative levels 12 months after surgery. The score was higher in 12 months after the operation than before surgery and was related to radiotherapy in some patients. Conclusions: Using fibula flap to repair the mandible defect can restore the patient's jaw function and improve the quality of life of the patients.

Expression of microRNA-145, OCT4, and SOX2 in double primary endometrioid endometrial and ovarian carcinomas

Double primary endometrioid endometrial and ovarian carcinomas (DPEEOCs) are the most common multiple gynecological carcinomas. In recent years, gene sequential comparison analysis has strongly supported the opinion that sporadic double endometrioid endometrial and ovarian cancers (DEEOCs) are clonally related in both primary and metastatic tumors. In order to find more clonal evidence for DPEEOC, we investigated cancer stem cells (CSCs). SOX2 and OCT4 are two common factors in CSCs. MicroRNA (miRNA)-145, a small non-coding RNA, has effects in regulating gene expression and tumorigenesis in CSCs. The aim of this study was to assess the involvements of SOX2, OCT4, and miRNA-145 in the tumorigenesis of DPEEOCs. In our study, twenty DPEEOC patients were chosen. Metastatic DEEOCs and normal endometrial and ovarian tissues were also included. The expression of miRNA-145 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of OCT4 and SOX2. The results showed that miRNA-145 expression was lower in DPEEOC endometrial tissues and higher in DPEEOC ovarian tissues compared to the corresponding normal tissues. Both SOX2 and OCT4 were over-expressed in cancer tissues compared with that in normal tissues. MiRNA-145, SOX2, and OCT4 were expressed at similar levels in two cancer sites of a given DPEEOC or metastatic DEEOC sample. Besides, metastatic DEEOC sections expressed a higher level of SOX2 and OCT4 compared to the corresponding DPEEOC tissues. Together, these results support the clonality of DPEEOCs. Moreover, SOX2 and OCT4 may have some implication in DPEEOC and metastatic DEEOC diagnosis.

[Assessment of the quality of life of tongue base cancer patients after reconstruction with anterolateral thigh perforator flap]

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent resection of tongue base cancer and reconstruction by anterolateral thigh perforator free flap(ALTFF). Methods: A total of 77 patients with tongue cancer who underwent glossectomy and reconstruction by ALTFF were retrospectively analyzed in this work. At intervals of 3-month before operation, as well as both 3-month and 12-month post-operation, the QOL of these patients was assessed by using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaires(OHIP-14) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module(EORTC-QLQ-H&N35). Results: The OHIP-14 questionnaire showed the physiological pain can be significantly alleviated at 3 months postoperatively. The highest score were psychological discomfort and psychological disorders at 3 months postoperatively. Functional limitations cannot be restored to preoperative level at 12 months postoperatively, although lower than that in 3 months postoperatively(40.6±10.3 vs 39.2±10.6, t=-0.812, P=0.948). The EORTC-QLQ-H & N35 survey showed that swallowing, language and diet were higher at 3 months postoperatively, and improved significantly at 12 months postoperatively. Teeth and mouth opening was lower before and after surgery, and no significant difference was observed. Conclusion: The use of ALTFF to repair tongue base cancer, can restore the patient's appearance, language and chewing function of the basic needs and improve the quality of life of patients.

[Implant restoration on folded fibular graft for the repair of mandibular defect]

Objective: To discuss the key points of implant restoration on folded fibular graft for mandibular defect. Methods: Fifteen patients with mandibular ameloblastoma were treated by segmental resection of the mandible.The mandibular defect was reconstructed with vascularized folded fibular graft. Implant restoration on the graft was conduced 6-9 months after operation.The results were evaluated. Results: All patients had no tenderness in the temporomandibular joint region. The mouth opening reached 3.1-3.9 cm and the occlusion relationship was good. There was no obvious abnormality in masticatory and swallowing function. After 12-48 months of follow-up, the implants were all survived. Conclusions: The application of folded fibula for both mandible defect repair and postoperative implant restoration could achieve satisfactory results in restoration of the facial appearance and physiological function of oral cavity.

Down-regulation of fibronectin and the correlated expression of neuroligin in hirschsprung disease

AIM

The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of fibronectin (FN) and the correlated abundance of neuroligins (NLs) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and to find a novel diagnostic marker in the serum of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) patients.

METHODS

The expression levels of FN, neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2 were detected in 114 children with or without HSCR. The expression and localization of the NLs and FN were assessed morphologically by immunohistochemical staining. Western blot analysis and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to examine the correlated expression of the NLs and FN in aganglionic, transitional, and normal ganglionic colon tissues. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate and compare serum FN levels between HSCR and non-HSCRand between long-type HSCR and short-type HSCR.

RESULTS

These studies showed that both neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2 were expressed at low levels in aganglionic segments and at intermediate levels in transitional segments compared to their high level of expression in normal tissue. In contrast, FN expression was negatively correlated, with expression in these three samples transitioning from highest to lowest. The serum FN level was higher in HSCR than in non-HSCR, but no significant difference between short-type HSCR and long-type HSCR was observed.

CONCLUSION

FN affects the expression of both neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2 in HSCR, which may lead to the hypoplasia of ganglion cells in the ENS. This correlation may play a key role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, or classification of HSCR.

New understanding of nano-scale interstitial dislocation loops in BCC iron

Complex states of nanoscale interstitial dislocation loop can be described by its habit plane and Burgers vector. Using atomistic simulations, we provide direct evidences on the change of the habit plane of a 1/2〈1 1 1〉 loop from {1 1 1} to {1 1 0} and {2 1 1}, in agreement with TEM observations. A new {1 0 0} habit plane of this loop is also predicted by simulations. The non-conservation of the Burgers vector is approved theoretically for: (1) dislocation reactions between loops with different Burgers vectors and (2) the transition between 〈1 0 0〉 loops and 1/2〈1 1 1〉 loops. The rotation from a 1/2〈1 1 1〉 to a 〈1 0 0〉 loop has also been explored, which occurs at 570 K for time on the order of 10 s. The dislocation-precipitate phase duality and change of habit plane are then proposed as new features for nano-scale dislocation loops.

[Significance of CXCL12/CXCR4 expression in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia]

Objective: To investigate the significance of CXCL12/CXCR4 expression in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) and its prognostic significance. Methods: Using immunohistochemical EnVision method, CXCL12, CXCR4 and Ki-67 expression were evaluated in 72 cases of T-LBL/ALL and 30 selected cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia (LH) as control. In addition, CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNA expression levels were examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) method. Results: Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in T-LBL/ALL were 84.7%(61/72) and 91.6%(66/72), respectively, and these were not different from the expression in the LH control group. The expression indexes of Ki-67 <80% and ≥80% were 25 cases (34.7%, 25/72) and 47 cases (65.3%, 47/72), respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNA expression in T-LBL/ALL was 62.4% and 71.5%, respectively, and was statistically different (P<0.05) from that of the control group. Single factor analysis found that CXCL12 mRNA expression in T-LBL/ALL was positively correlated with Ann Arbor staging and KPS score (P<0.05); CXCL12 protein expression was positively correlated with splenomegaly (P<0.05); CXCR4 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the IPI score, clinical symptoms, mediastinal widening and bone marrow involvement (P<0.05); CXCR4 protein expression was positively correlated with mediastinal widening (P<0.05); CXCL12 mRNA expression was positively correlated with CXCL12 protein and CXCR4 protein expression (P<0.05), but not the CXCR4 mRNA and protein levels. There was no correlation between CXCL12 and CXCR4 protein expression and CXCR4 mRNA expression. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that high expression of CXCR4 protein, hepatosplenomegaly and bone marrow involvement were risk factors for T-LBL/ALL outcome. Conclusions: CXCL12/CXCR4 expression is associated with disease progress, mediastinal widening, bone marrow involvement and adverse outcome in T-LBL/ALL. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of T-LBL/ALL. However, CXCL12 and CXCR4 protein expression are not entirely reflected by mRNA transcription levels, and there may be other molecules involved in CXCL12/CXCR4 expression and regulation. With CXCR4 antagonists undergoing clinical trials, targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may be a promising treatment strategy for T-LBL/ALL.

Whole genomic prediction of growth and carcass traits in a Chinese quality chicken population

By incorporating high-density markers into breeding value prediction models, the whole genomic prediction (WGP) method can effectively accelerate genetic improvement in livestock breeding. However, the performance of WGP varies across species and populations and is affected by the underlying genetic architecture. In particular, very little is known about the performance of WGP for many chicken breeds. Here we estimate the genetic parameters and evaluate the performance of WGP for 18 growth and carcass traits in a Chinese quality chicken population. In total, 435 chickens were systematically phenotyped and genotyped using a 600K genotyping array. Two variance component estimation scenarios, 3 breeding value prediction methods, and 2 validation procedures were compared. The results showed that the heritability of these 18 traits was medium to high (ranging from 0.28 to 0.60) and that deviations existed between the heritability estimated from pedigrees and markers. Compared with conventional breeding methods, WGP could potentially increase the selection accuracy by 20% or more depending on the prediction model used, the trait under consideration, and the genetic connectedness between the training and validation individuals. Our results showed the potential of implementing genomic selection in small breeding herds.

Long-time atomistic dynamics through a new self-adaptive accelerated molecular dynamics method

A self-adaptive accelerated molecular dynamics method is developed to model infrequent atomic-scale events, especially those events that occur on a rugged free-energy surface. Key in the new development is the use of the total displacement of the system at a given temperature to construct a boost-potential, which is slowly increased to accelerate the dynamics. The temperature is slowly increased to accelerate the dynamics. By allowing the system to evolve from one steady-state configuration to another by overcoming the transition state, this self-evolving approach makes it possible to explore the coupled motion of species that migrate on vastly different time scales. The migrations of single vacancy (V) and small He-V clusters, and the growth of nano-sized He-V clusters in Fe for times in the order of seconds are studied by this new method. An interstitial-assisted mechanism is first explored for the migration of a helium-rich He-V cluster, while a new two-component Ostwald ripening mechanism is suggested for He-V cluster growth.

Retinal vasculopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

A retrospective case control study was conducted in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Medical records were reviewed for demographic data, clinical features, laboratory results, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity evaluations, and ophthalmic examinations to investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of retinal vasculopathy (RV) in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The prevalence of RV was approximately 0.66% (35/5298) in SLE patients. A total of 60 eyes were involved. The ocular presentations included decrease of visual acuity (48/60, 80%), visual field loss (7/60, 11.7%), and diplopia (3/60, 5%). Ophthalmic fundoscopic examination revealed cotton-wool spots (30/60, 50%), retinal vascular attenuation (31/60, 51.6%), and hemorrhages (41/60, 68.3%). Retinal angiogram showed that 72.7% (16/22) eyes had vaso-occlusion. The ophthalmic episodes could occur at any stage of SLE duration, with a median of 12 months (0-168 months) following SLE onset. Twenty-one (35%) eyes did not recover, or even worsened, during hospital stay. RV was found to be significantly associated with neuropsychiatric lesions (51.4% vs. 21.3%, p = .005) and hematological disturbance (62.9% vs. 34.3%, p = .005). SLE patients with RV had significantly higher SLE disease activity index scores than controls (19.9 ± 0.9 vs. 10.2 ± 0.7, p < .001). An inverse association of anti-SSA antibody with RV was detected (34.3% vs. 67.1%, p = .001). Nervous system disturbance (odds ratio (OR) = 4.340, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.438, 13.094, p = .009) and leukocytopenia (OR = 6.385, 95% CI 1.916, 21.278, p = .003) were independent risk factors, while anti-SSA antibody positivity (OR = 0.249, 95% CI 0.087, 0.710, p = .009) was a protective factor for RV in SLE patients. In certain cases, RV is a threatening condition for SLE patients presenting with clinical ocular manifestations. Ophthalmo-fundoscopic detection is recommended as soon as SLE is diagnosed.

[Comparison of free anterolateral thigh perforator flaps versus free forearm flap for reconstruction in elderly patients undergoing glossectomy]

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in elderly patients with tongue cancer who underwent immediate free flap reconstruction surgery. In addition, the efficacy of the anterolateral thigh perforator free flap (ALTFF) and the radial free forearm flap (RFFF) for reconstruction was compared in patients with glossectomy. Methods: Ninty-eight patients undergoing complete or partial glossectomy and reconstruction with free flaps were grouped according to flap type. Oral functions were assessed using The University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL), and the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaires (OHIP-14) at 6 and 12 months after reconstructive surgery. Results: Eighty-six of 98 questionnaires (88%) were returned. There was significant difference between the 2 groups in the style of resection (P<0.05). For all oral function domains, the score improved progressively after the operation (6 and 12 months after the procedure). The UW-QOL questionnaire showed a significant difference between the 6 months postoperatively (ALTFF: 290.0 ± 7.8, RFFF: 236.6 ± 24.2) and 12 months postoperatively (ALTFF: 302.0±21.1, RFFF: 331.1±20.4) (P<0.05). The OHIP-14 questionnaire showed a total score of ALTFF (422.0± 15.2) which was significantly less than RFFF (434.0±38.7) at 6 months postoperatively (P<0.05). There were no meaningful differences between the 2 flap types for all oral function domains at 12 months. Conclusions: Using the RFFF or ALTFF for reconstruction of tongue defects after cancer resection influences oral function. There was no significant difference in quality of life between the two flaps at 12 months postoperatively.

Receptor and transporter binding and activity profiles of albiflorin extracted from Radix paeoniae Alba

Albiflorin, a traditional Chinese herb, is a main component of Radix paeoniae Alba, which has been used for the treatment of depressive disorders since ancient times. However, the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of albiflorin is poorly understood. Thus, we explored the binding profile of albiflorin at neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. We also characterised the in vivo effect of albiflorin on monoaminergic systems by using microanalysis to determine the extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamus of freely moving rats administered albiflorin. We found that albiflorin inhibited the uptake of 5-HT and NE and displayed robust binding affinities for the transporters of both neurotransmitters. By contrast, albiflorin (10 μM) showed no significant affinity to a wide array of central nervous system receptors. The results of our in vivo microdialysis studies showed that administration of albiflorin (3.5, 7.0, 14.0 mg/kg) significantly increased extracellular concentrations of 5-HT and NE in the hypothalamus of freely moving rats. Overall, the current study showed that albiflorin is a novel 5-HT and NE reuptake inhibitor with high selectivity.