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Schavinski AZ, Reis NG, Morgan HJN, Assis AP, Moro ML, Valentim RR, Seni-Silva AC, Ramos ES, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LCC. Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Impairs the Development of β Cells in Offspring Rats in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4136. [PMID: 38673723 PMCID: PMC11050228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD) causes long-term metabolic changes in offspring. However, little is known about the impact of maternal VDD on offspring endocrine pancreas development and insulin secretion in the adult life of male and female animals. Female rats (Wistar Hannover) were fed either control (1000 IU Vitamin D3/kg), VDD (0 IU Vitamin D3/kg), or a Ca2+-enriched VDD diet (0 IU Vitamin D3/kg + Ca2+ and P/kg) for 6 weeks and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, VDD status was confirmed based on low serum calcidiol levels in dams and pups. Next, male and female offspring were randomly separated and fed a standard diet for up to 90 days. At this age, serum calcidiol levels were restored to normal levels in all groups, but serum insulin levels were decreased in VDD males without affecting glucagon levels, glycemia, or glucose tolerance. Islets isolated from VDD males showed lower insulin secretion in response to different glucose concentrations, but this effect was not observed in VDD females. Furthermore, VDD males, but not females, showed a smaller total pancreatic islet area and lower β cell mass, an effect that was accompanied by reduced gene expression of Ins1, Ins2, Pdx1, and SLC2A2. The decrease in Pdx1 expression was not related to the methylation profile of the promoter region of this gene. Most of these effects were observed in the male VDD+Ca2+ group, indicating that the effects were not due to alterations in Ca2+ metabolism. These data show that maternal VDD selectively impairs the morphology and function of β cells in adult male offspring rats and that female offspring are fully protected from these deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Z. Schavinski
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.S.); (N.G.R.); (H.J.N.M.); (M.L.M.); (R.R.V.)
| | - Natany G. Reis
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.S.); (N.G.R.); (H.J.N.M.); (M.L.M.); (R.R.V.)
| | - Henrique J. N. Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.S.); (N.G.R.); (H.J.N.M.); (M.L.M.); (R.R.V.)
| | - Ana Paula Assis
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.P.A.); (I.C.K.)
| | - Matheus L. Moro
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.S.); (N.G.R.); (H.J.N.M.); (M.L.M.); (R.R.V.)
| | - Rafael R. Valentim
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.S.); (N.G.R.); (H.J.N.M.); (M.L.M.); (R.R.V.)
| | - Ana Carolina Seni-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.-S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Ester S. Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.S.-S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Isis C. Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.P.A.); (I.C.K.)
| | - Luiz C. C. Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (A.Z.S.); (N.G.R.); (H.J.N.M.); (M.L.M.); (R.R.V.)
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Reis NG, Assis AP, Lautherbach N, Gonçalves DA, Silveira WA, Morgan HJN, Valentim RR, Almeida LF, Heck LC, Zanon NM, Koike TE, Santos AR, Miyabara EH, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LC. Maternal vitamin D deficiency affects the morphology and function of glycolytic muscle in adult offspring rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2175-2187. [PMID: 35582969 PMCID: PMC9398225 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal stage is a critical developmental window for the skeletal muscle, but little information is available about the impact of maternal vitamin D (Vit. D) deficiency (VDD) on offspring lean mass development in the adult life of male and female animals. METHODS Female rats (Wistar Hannover) were fed either a control (1000 IU Vit. D3/kg) or a VDD diet (0 IU Vit. D3/kg) for 6 weeks and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, male and female offspring were randomly separated and received a standard diet up to 180 days old. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency induced muscle atrophy in the male (M-VDD) offspring at the end of weaning, an effect that was reverted along the time. Following 180 days, fast-twitch skeletal muscles [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] from the M-VDD showed a decrease (20%; P < 0.05) in the number of total fibres but an increase in the cross-sectional area of IIB (17%; P < 0.05), IIA (19%; P < 0.05) and IIAX (21%; P < 0.05) fibres. The fibre hypertrophy was associated with the higher protein levels of MyoD (73%; P < 0.05) and myogenin (55% %; P < 0.05) and in the number of satellite cells (128.8 ± 14 vs. 91 ± 7.6 nuclei Pax7 + in the M-CTRL; P < 0.05). M-VDD increased time to fatigue during ex vivo contractions of EDL muscles and showed an increase in the phosphorylation levels of IGF-1/insulin receptor and their downstream targets related to anabolic processes and myogenic activation, including Ser 473 Akt and Ser 21/9 GSK-3β. In such muscles, maternal VDD induced a compensatory increase in the content of calcitriol (two-fold; P < 0.05) and CYP27B1 (58%; P < 0.05), a metabolizing enzyme that converts calcidiol to calcitriol. Interestingly, most morphological and biochemical changes found in EDL were not observed in slow-twitch skeletal muscles (soleus) from the M-VDD group as well as in both EDL and soleus muscles from the female offspring. CONCLUSIONS These data show that maternal VDD selectively affects the development of type-II muscle fibres in male offspring rats but not in female offspring rats and suggest that the enhancement of their size and fatigue resistance in fast-twitch skeletal muscle (EDL) is probably due to a compensatory increase in the muscle content of Vit. D in the adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natany G Reis
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P Assis
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Lautherbach
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dawit A Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilian A Silveira
- Institute of Biological and Natural Science, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique J N Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Valentim
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian C Heck
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neusa M Zanon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana E Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrei R Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis C Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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