1
|
Sharif N, Ahmed D, Mahmood RT, Qasim Z, Khan SN, Jabbar A, Khattak AA, Asad MJ, Ahmed W, Khan MM, Awan UA, Zaman N, Habiba U, Noureen S, Alghamdi HA. Comparison of different diagnostic modalities for isolation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis among suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis patients. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e244311. [PMID: 34431905 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The study's primary objective is to compare conventional methods such as acid-fast bacillus (AFB) culture and microscopy with rapid diagnostic methods. The secondary objective is to compare histopathological and microbiological findings in suspected patients with tubercular lymphadenitis. A total of 111 samples (August 2018 to September 2019) of lymph nodes were processed for AFB microscopy, AFB cultures, drug-susceptibility testing (DST), histopathology, and Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to Rifampin (RIF) assays. Out of 111 lymph node samples, 6 (5.4%) were positive for AFB smear microscopy, 84 (75.6%) were positive for AFB culture, 80 (70.7%) were positive on Gene Xpert, and 102 (91.8%) were indicative of tuberculosis for histopathology studies. Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture positivity was 84 (75.6%) higher than solid Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture 74 (66.6%). Positive cultures underwent phenotypic DST. Two cases were Multidrug-resistant (MDR) on DST, while three cases were Rifampicin resistant on Gene Xpert. The sensitivity of Genexpert was (62%) against the conventional AFB culture method. The poor performance of conventional lymphadenitis diagnostic methods requires early and accurate diagnostic methodology. Xpert MTB/RIF test can help in the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB cases. Nonetheless, rapid and conventional methods should be used for complete isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sharif
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - D Ahmed
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - R T Mahmood
- Mirpur University of Science and Technology - MUST, Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Z Qasim
- Divisional Headquaters Teaching Hospital, Department of Pathology, Mirpur AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - S N Khan
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Jabbar
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A A Khattak
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M J Asad
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - W Ahmed
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M M Khan
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - U A Awan
- The University of Haripur, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Zaman
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, KPK, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- The University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Noureen
- The University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H A Alghamdi
- King Khalid University, College of Sciences, Department of Biology, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alam W, Khan H, Khan SA, Ali N, Sharif N, Ghafar R, Nazir S, Daglia M. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of crude methanolic extract of Datura metel L. in mice. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:171-176. [PMID: 34817350 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Datura metel has been recommended in several human disorders including a remedy for liver toxicity. The current study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of D. metel in animal model. Acute toxicity of methanolic crude extract of Datura metel (MEDM) was studied in animals in various doses 500-2000 mg/kg. Mice of either sex were divided into groups (n=6). One group received normal saline intraperitonially as negative control, while other gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days as positive control. 3rd group received 50mg/kg silymarin as standard, 4th group received 100mg/kg of MEDM, 5th group received 200mg/kg MEDM while 6th group received 300mg/kg MEDM and gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days. The blood samples were collected on 9th day and the animals were then dissected and the liver of all the animals were isolated. MEDM was found safe in acute toxicity test at various doses up to 2000 mg/kg. The levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated significantly with gentamicin treatment which significantly down-regulated by MEDM (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) in a dose dependent manner.. The histological examination showed that the MEDM has markedly treated the inflammatory infiltrate, fatty changes and congested blood vessels which were induced by gentamicin. The findings of our study thus proved the absolute of MEDM in acute toxicity test; followed by significant hepatoprotective effect in gentamicin induced hepatotoxic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Sharif
- Department of Pathology, Khyber Medical College/ Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Rukhsana Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ullah R, Hasan TN, Rahman MU, Naqvi SS, Sharif N, Ahmad I, Ullah B, Khan I, Ammad M, Arshad N. Coronavirus Family: Responsible Agents for Stress, Depression, and Anxiety during Pregnancy. Psychiatr Danub 2021; 33:425-426. [PMID: 34795194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rooh Ullah
- Pure Health Laboratory, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dey S, Sharif N. Genetic diversity of bacterial pathogens in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh during 2014-2019. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
5
|
Dey S, Sharif N. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatography (IC) diagnosis kit for the detection of rotavirus and norovirus in diarrheal stool specimens in Bangladesh. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
6
|
Alam W, Khan H, Khan SA, Ali N, Sharif N, Ghafar R, Daglia M, Nazir S. Nephroprotective effects of Datura metel extract in gentamicin induced mice model: biochemical and histological evidences. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Datura metel is traditionally used as a remedy for renal toxicity. However, the nephroprotection has not been scientifically validated yet. To evaluate the nephroprotective like effect of methanolic extract of D. metel in gentamicin induced mice model, mice of either sex were divided into groups. One group received normal saline as negative control. The 2nd group received gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days as positive control, 3rd group received 50mg/kg silymarin as standard, while the reaming groups received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of MEDM and gentamicin 100mg/kg, for 8 days. The blood and urine samples were collected on 9th day, animals were then dissected and whole kidneys were removed and preserved in formalin for later histological examinations. The level of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine creatinine and urine urea were significantly (P<0.05) elevated and the renal MDA level was also elevated significantly (P<0.05) by gentamicin in mice. After the treatment of test animals with MEDM, the elevated level of serum and urine biomarkers by gentamicin were reversed by MEDM. The nephroprotective effect was found in dose dependent manner. As the MEDM significantly protected the nephrotoxicity via its antioxidant effect. The findings of our study thus proved the scientific background for the nephroprotective effect of MEDM.
Collapse
|
7
|
Alam W, Khan H, Khan SA, Ali N, Sharif N, Ghafar R, Daglia M, Nazir S. Nephroprotective effects of Datura metel extract in gentamicin induced mice model: biochemical and histological evidences. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:208-213. [PMID: 32583780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Datura metel is traditionally used as a remedy for renal toxicity. However, the nephroprotection has not been scientifically validated yet. To evaluate the nephroprotective like effect of methanolic extract of D. metel in gentamicin induced mice model, mice of either sex were divided into groups. One group received normal saline as negative control. The 2nd group received gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days as positive control, 3rd group received 50mg/kg silymarin as standard, while the reaming groups received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of MEDM and gentamicin 100mg/kg, for 8 days. The blood and urine samples were collected on 9th day, animals were then dissected and whole kidneys were removed and preserved in formalin for later histological examinations. The level of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine creatinine and urine urea were significantly (P<0.05) elevated and the renal MDA level was also elevated significantly (P<0.05) by gentamicin in mice. After the treatment of test animals with MEDM, the elevated level of serum and urine biomarkers by gentamicin were reversed by MEDM. The nephroprotective effect was found in dose dependent manner. As the MEDM significantly protected the nephrotoxicity via its antioxidant effect. The findings of our study thus proved the scientific background for the nephroprotective effect of MEDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Sharif
- Department of Pathology, Khyber Medical College/ Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sana Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Berger Y, Jacoby H, Kaufmann MI, Ben-Yaacov A, Westreich G, Sharon I, Barda L, Sharif N, Nadler R, Horesh N, Nissan A, Gutman M, Hoffman A. Correlation Between Intraoperative and Pathological Findings for Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1103-1109. [PMID: 30746598 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the correlation between intraoperative and pathological findings for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) and to determine their prognostic significance. METHODS Pathological reports of all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Pathological specimens lacking tumor cells were defined as negative pathological specimens (NPS). The intraoperative peritoneal cancer index (PCI) and pathological PCI (excluding NPS) were calculated separately. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to compare the prognostic value of intraoperative and pathological scoring systems. RESULTS For 108 CRC patients, 113 CRS/HIPEC procedures were performed. Of 959 pathological specimens examined, 178 (18.6%) were NPS. Overall, 78 procedures (69%) showed NPS. In 52 procedures (46%), the pathological PCI differed from the intraoperative PCI (∆PCI > 0). The ROC areas for intraoperative PCI and pathological PCI were similar in predicting 1-year overall survival (OS), 2-year OS, and 1-year disease-free survival (all p values not significant). However, for the patients with NPS, the number of positive specimens (containing tumor tissue) was superior to intraoperative PCI in predicting 2-year OS (ROC under the curve areas, 0.69 vs. 0.58, respectively; p = 0.012). In addition, a subgroup of 15 patients with a high ∆PCI (≥ 3) had a more favorable median OS than a matched group of 30 patients with similar intraoperative PCI and a ∆PCI of 0 (median survival not reached vs. 21.6 months, respectively; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the majority of CRC CRS/HIPEC procedures, NPS may be found. Among patients with NPS, pathological correlation may have a prognostic significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Berger
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - H Jacoby
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M I Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Ben-Yaacov
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery-Surgery C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Westreich
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery-Surgery C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Sharon
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery-Surgery C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Barda
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Sharif
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Nadler
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Horesh
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Nissan
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery-Surgery C, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Gutman
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Hoffman
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation-Surgery B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharif N, Burns M, Ryba F, Pitiyage G. An investigation into the diagnostic adequacy of biopsies provided by the oral and maxillofacial department at St George’s NHS trust hospital. Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the association of adenomyotic foci with co-existing benign ovarian cysts. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study consisted of 100 consecutive hysterectomy specimens referred to Histopathology Section of Pathology Department, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan by its attached teaching hospitals from January 2011 to December 2012. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined for adenomyotic foci and the presence of co-existent ovarian cysts. For evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER) status immunohistochemical stains were applied and H-scoring system was used with a score >50 as positive. Results: Out of the 100 hysterectomy specimens, 25 cases had both adenomyosis and ovarian cysts. The ER status of adenomyotic foci was positive in 20% cases and negative in 80% cases. The commonest type of ovarian cyst was hemorrhagic luteal cyst (28%), followed by serous and mucinous cystadenoma (20%) each. Out of the 28% cases of functional cysts, 71.5% were ER positive and 28.5% were ER negative. The p-value for association of ER status of adenomyotic foci with functional cysts was 0.0004; however, p-value was not significant in comparing cases with controls. All 72% cases of nonfunctional cysts were ER negative. However, 44% of functional cysts were not associated with adenomyotic foci. Conclusion: This study concludes that besides functional ovarian cysts, other local factors may be responsible for the development of adenomyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Alam
- Department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical college, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hasan Z, Salahuddin N, Rao N, Aqeel M, Mahmood F, Ali F, Ashraf M, Rahman F, Mahmood S, Islam M, Dildar B, Anwer T, Oiighor F, Sharif N, Ullah AR. Change in serum CXCL10 levels during anti-tuberculosis treatment depends on vitamin D status [Short Communication]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:466-9. [PMID: 24670704 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of the inflammatory C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) are raised in tuberculosis (TB). CXCL10 gene expression is downregulated in monocytes by metabolically active vitamin D3 (1,25dihydroxy vitamin D). Stratification of patients by serum 25hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels at baseline showed that treatment-induced decrease in CXCL10 occurred in those with 'insufficient' and 'deficient' but not in those with 'optimal' levels. In the deficient group, 25(OH)D showed an inverse correlation with CXCL10 levels. CXCL10 may thus be a useful biomarker for the follow-up of response to treatment. However, CXCL10 levels should be interpreted taking into account the baseline serum vitamin D levels of the TB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Salahuddin
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Rao
- Ojha Institute for Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Aqeel
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, pakistan
| | - F Ali
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F Rahman
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Mahmood
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Islam
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - B Dildar
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - T Anwer
- Ojha Institute for Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F Oiighor
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, pakistan
| | - N Sharif
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A R Ullah
- Department of Medicine, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bonagura V, DeVoti J, Massaro L, Sharif N, Isabelle J, Caggana M. Simultaneous Detection of TRECs and KRECs in Newborn DNA Isolated From Dried Blood Spots (Guthrie Cards). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Danckert J, Sharif N, Goodale MA. Intercepting moving targets in the upper and lower visual fields. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/1.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
14
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tooth staining is a common side effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinses and caused by the interaction of the di-cationic antiseptic with dietary chromogens. A product is now available, which claims an anti-discolouration system (ADS) with one clinical study in support. This study in vitro aims to determine whether two ADS rinses do or do not bind dietary chromogens. METHOD AND MATERIALS Optically clear acrylic specimens were cycled through human saliva (2 min), one of the three chlorhexidine rinses (two ADS and a positive control) (2 min) or water and then soaked in tea (60 min). After each cycle the optical density (OD) of specimens were read on a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The exit point was the cycle at which OD was >2.0. RESULTS All three rinses exceeded OD 2 at 11 cycles and there was no significant difference in staining for the ADS rinses compared with the positive control rinse. CONCLUSION Based on extensive literature for the correlation of this test in vitro with chlorhexidine anti-plaque activity and propensity to stain in vivo these ADS rinses will have the same anti-plaque efficacy and potential to cause stain as established chlorhexidine rinse products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Addy
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Bristol, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hooper S, West NX, Sharif N, Smith S, North M, De'Ath J, Parker DM, Roedig-Penman A, Addy M. A comparison of enamel erosion by a new sports drink compared to two proprietary products: a controlled, crossover study in situ. J Dent 2004; 32:541-5. [PMID: 15304299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2003] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to measure the erosive potential of a prototype sports drink on enamel in a model in situ. METHODS The study was a single centre, single blind, randomised crossover design balanced for residual effects involving 18 subjects. The drinks were the prototype formulation containing calcium and maltodextrin (test), two sports drink products containing sugars (drink with calcium and positive control) and water (negative control). During each 15-day study period, subjects wore a palatal removable appliance carrying two flat human enamel specimens. Drinks were imbibed as 250 ml volumes over 10 min 4 times per day. Loss of enamel was measured on days 5, 10 and 15 using a contacting profilometer. RESULTS Very little erosion occurred with the test, drink with calcium and negative control drinks and differences between the test and negative control only reached significance at day 15. The positive control produced progressive erosion over time and significantly more than the test or negative control at all time points. CONCLUSION The technology of adding calcium with appropriate pH adjustment, which has been applied previously to soft and carbonated drinks to markedly reduce erosive potential, can be applied to sports drinks to the same end. Significant variation in the carbohydrate composition does not influence this outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hooper
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Lower Maudlin Street, BS1 2LY Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable number of toothpastes are available as tooth whitening products. Most appear to contain ingredients that might remove extrinsic stains rather than change natural tooth colour. Extrinsic stain removal could be achieved by physical or chemical means. AIM The purpose of this study was to measure the chemical stain removal properties of a range of whitening toothpaste products and experimental formulations using a standardised method in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHOD 5 separate studies were conducted involving a total of 39 agents of which 28 were whitening products, 7 were experimental formulations, 2 were oxidising mouthrinses used as positive controls, 1 was a popular fluoride toothpaste product as a benchmark control, and 1 was water as the negative control. The formulations and controls varied in each study. The stain model was saliva/chlorhexidine/tea stain developed on optically clear acrylic to an optical density of at least 2.0. Groups of stained specimens were exposed to standard slurries or solutions of each test agent for 1 minute periods up to 5 minutes. Optical density readings were taken at each 1 minute time point. Analyses were based on per cent stain remaining after 5 minutes and time to 75% stain remaining. RESULTS 3 toothpaste products achieved 100% stain removal by 5 minutes; 2 of these in 3 out of 4 studies in which they were used. 4 experimental formulations also achieved 100% stain removal. In general agents with high total stain removal also had short times to 75% stain remaining. The majority of agents tested had low total chemical stain removal and prolonged times to 75% stain remaining. A few agents were little different from water and several similar in effect to the conventional fluoride toothpaste. This method in vitro tests agents under the best case scenario conditions for chemical stain removal. CONCLUSION Only a small number of the whitening toothpaste products have good chemical stain removal potential; the majority are unlikely to achieve their claimed benefits through chemical stain removal. There is clearly a need for further data on the actual effects of such products using both methods in vitro and particularly in vivo or in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sharif
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Bristol
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharif N, MacDonald E, Hughes J, Newcombe R, Addy M. The chemical stain removal properties of 'whitening' toothpaste products: studies in vitro. Br Dent J 2000. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Riede V, Sharif N, Neumann H, Sobotta H, Omar MS. Infrared optical properties of (CuGe2P3)1−x(6 Ge)x solid solutions. Cryst Res Technol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170240424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Neumann H, Riede V, Sharif N, Sobotta H, Omar MS. Infrared optical properties and crystal structure of Cu2GeS3. Cryst Res Technol 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170240219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Riede V, Sharif N, Neumann H, Omar MS, Sobotta H. Infrared optical characterization of (Cu2GeSe3)1−x (CuGe2P3)x mixed crystals. Cryst Res Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170230520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
|