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Abrahams C, Woudberg NJ, Kodogo V, Hadebe N, LeCour S. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with a change in high density lipoprotein subclasses in a mouse breast cancer model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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2
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Abrahams C, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: targeting high-density lipoproteins to limit the damage? Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:85. [PMID: 36050733 PMCID: PMC9434835 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic frequently used against a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer. Although the drug is effective as a treatment against cancer, many patients develop heart failure (HF) months to years following their last treatment with DOX. The challenge in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is that symptoms present after damage has already occurred in the myocardium. Therefore, early biomarkers to assess DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are urgently needed. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the toxicity is important as this may facilitate the development of novel early biomarkers or therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and its components as possible key players in the early development of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. HDL particles exist in different subclasses which vary in composition and biological functionality. Multiple cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a change in HDL subclasses, resulting in modifications of their composition and physiological functions. There is growing evidence in the literature suggesting that cancer affects HDL subclasses and that healthy HDL particles enriched with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we therefore discuss associations and relationships between HDL, DOX and cancer and discuss whether assessing HDL subclass/composition/function may be considered as a possible early biomarker to detect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita Abrahams
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa.
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3
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Maritz L, Woudberg NJ, Bennett AC, Soares A, Lapierre F, Devine J, Kimberg M, Bouic PJ. Validation of high-throughput, semiquantitative solid-phase SARS coronavirus-2 serology assays in serum and dried blood spot matrices. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1183-1193. [PMID: 34114884 PMCID: PMC8202508 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Serological assays for the detection of anti-SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies are essential to the response to the global pandemic. A ligand binding-based serological assay was validated for the semiquantitative detection of IgG, IgM, IgA and neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against SARS-CoV-2 in serum. Results: The assay demonstrated high levels of diagnostic specificity and sensitivity (85-99% for all analytes). Serum IgG, IgM, IgA and nAb correlated positively (R2 = 0.937, R2 = 0.839, R2 = 0.939 and R2 = 0.501, p < 0.001, respectively) with those measured in dried blood spot samples collected using the hemaPEN® microsampling device (Trajan Scientific and Medical, Victoria, Australia). In vitro SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype neutralization correlated positively with the solid phase nAb signals in convalescent donors (R2 = 0.458, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The assay is applicable in efficacy studies, infection monitoring and postmarketing surveillance following vaccine rollout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Maritz
- Synexa Life Sciences, 4 Kunene Circle, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Synexa Life Sciences, 4 Kunene Circle, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
| | - Amber C Bennett
- Synexa Life Sciences, 4 Kunene Circle, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
| | - Andreia Soares
- Synexa Life Sciences, 4 Kunene Circle, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
| | - Florian Lapierre
- Trajan Scientific & Medical, 7 Argent Place, Ringwood, Victoria, 3134, Australia
| | - Justin Devine
- Synexa Life Sciences, 4 Kunene Circle, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
| | - Matti Kimberg
- Synexa Life Sciences, 4 Kunene Circle, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
| | - Patrick J Bouic
- Synexa Life Sciences, 4 Kunene Circle, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
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4
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de Boer C, Calder B, Blackhurst D, Marais D, Blackburn J, Steinmaurer M, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S, Lovett J, Myburgh K, Bezuidenhout D, Human P, Davies NH. Analysis of the regenerative capacity of human serum exosomes after a simple multistep separation from lipoproteins. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:63-77. [PMID: 33175463 DOI: 10.1002/term.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the abundance of lipoproteins in blood, it is challenging to characterize the biological functions and components of blood-derived extracellular vesicles. The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-step purification protocol to separate serum exosomes from serum proteins and lipoproteins and assess their regenerative potential. Exosomes were isolated by concentrating them in human serum using ultracentrifugation (UC), followed sequentially by density gradient (DG) UC and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Purity and characterization were assessed by western blots, Lipoprint®, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Functionality was assessed by cell proliferation analysis and with an in vivo subcutaneous angiogenesis model. SEC alone isolated nano-sized vesicles possessing vesicle markers TSG101 and CD9, but there was a substantial presence of apolipoprotein B, predominantly derived from very-low- and intermediate-density lipoprotein particles. This was reduced to an undetectable level using the combined UC DG SEC approach. Mass spectrometry identified 224 proteins in UC DG SEC isolates relative to the 135 from SEC, with considerable increases in exosome-related proteins and reductions in lipoproteins. A consistent but limited increase in human dermal fibroblast proliferation and evidence of neovascularization enhancement were observed after exposure to UC DG SEC exosomes. An UC DG SEC purification protocol considerably improved the removal of lipoproteins during isolation of serum exosomes. The purified exosomes stimulated cell proliferation and potentially increased an in vivo angiogenic response. This multistep purification allows for more accurate identification of serum exosome functional activity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice de Boer
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Bridget Calder
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Dee Blackhurst
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - David Marais
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Blackburn
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Martina Steinmaurer
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jason Lovett
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kathy Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Deon Bezuidenhout
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Paul Human
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Neil H Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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5
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Hudson P, Woudberg NJ, Kamau F, Strijdom H, Frias MA, Lecour S. HIV-related cardiovascular disease: any role for high-density lipoproteins? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1221-H1226. [PMID: 33006917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00445.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, this population is at an increased risk for noncommunicable diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both ART and viral infection may be potential contributors to the pathophysiology of HIV-related CVD. The mechanisms behind this remain unclear, but it is critical to delineate early biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the HIV population. In this review, we postulate that potential biomarkers could include alterations to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Indeed, recent data suggest that HIV and ART may induce structural changes of HDL, thus resulting in shifts in HDL subclass distribution and HDL functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Festus Kamau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Miguel A Frias
- Department of Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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6
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Gudagudi KB, d’Entrèves NP, Woudberg NJ, Steyn PJ, Myburgh KH. In vitro induction of quiescence in isolated primary human myoblasts. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:189-202. [PMID: 31993891 PMCID: PMC7192999 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells, remain in an inactive or quiescent state in vivo under physiological conditions. Progression through the cell cycle, including activation of quiescent cells, is a tightly regulated process. Studies employing in vitro culture of satellite cells, primary human myoblasts (PHMs), necessitate isolation myoblasts from muscle biopsies. Further studies utilizing these cells should endeavour to represent their native in vivo characteristics as closely as possible, also considering variability between individual donors. This study demonstrates the approach of utilizing KnockOut™ Serum Replacement (KOSR)-supplemented culture media as a quiescence-induction media for 10 days in PHMs isolated and expanded from three different donors. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that treatment resulted in an increase in G1 phase and decreased S phase proportions in all donors (p < 0.005). The proportions of cells in G1 and G2 phases differed in proliferating myoblasts when comparing donors (p < 0.05 to p < 0.005), but following KOSR treatment, the proportion of cells in G1 (p = 0.558), S (p = 0.606) and G2 phases (p = 0.884) were equivalent between donors. When cultured in the quiescence-induction media, expression of CD34 and Myf5 remained constant above > 98% over time from day 0 to day 10. In contrast activation (CD56), proliferation (Ki67) and myogenic marker MyoD decreased, indicated de-differentiation. Induction of quiescence was accompanied in all three clones by fold change in p21 mRNA greater than 3.5 and up to tenfold. After induction of quiescence, differentiation into myotubes was not affected. In conclusion, we describe a method to induce quiescence in PHMs from different donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirankumar B. Gudagudi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Niccolò Passerin d’Entrèves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Paul J. Steyn
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Kathryn H. Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
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Teer E, Joseph DE, Driescher N, Nell TA, Dominick L, Midgley N, Deshpande G, Page MJ, Pretorius E, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S, Glashoff RH, Essop MF. HIV and cardiovascular diseases risk: exploring the interplay between T-cell activation, coagulation, monocyte subsets, and lipid subclass alterations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1146-H1157. [PMID: 30768357 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00797.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although rollout of combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) has blunted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) onset, there is increased development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in HIV-infected individuals. While most HIV-infected individuals on cART achieve viral suppression, this may not necessarily result in complete immunological recovery. This study therefore evaluated T-cell-mediated changes and coagulation markers in HIV-positive individuals to ascertain their potential to increase CVD risk. Eighty participants were recruited (Worcester, South Africa), and fasted blood was collected to evaluate: 1) immune activation (CD38 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) and thrombus formation [tissue factor (CD142)] on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; 2) monocyte subpopulations (nonclassical, intermediate, and classical); and 3) classical regulatory T (Treg) cells with activation markers [glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB-1)]. High- and low-density lipoprotein subclasses (Lipoprint) were also determined. This study revealed four key findings for HIV-positive patients: 1) coexpression of the CD142 coagulation marker together with immune activation on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during chronic infection stages; 2) Treg cell activation and upregulated GARP and SATB-1 contributing to Treg dysfunction in chronic HIV; 3) proatherogenic monocyte subset expansion with significant correlation between T-cell activation and macrophage activation (marker: CD163); and 4) significant correlation between immune activation and lipid subclasses, revealing crucial changes that can be missed by traditional lipid marker assessments (LDL and HDL). These data also implicate lipopolysaccharide-binding protein as a crucial link between immune activation, lipid alterations, and increased CVD risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY With combined antiretroviral treatment rollout, HIV-AIDS patients are increasingly associated with cardiovascular diseases onset. This study demonstrated the significant interplay between adaptive immune cell activation and monocyte/macrophage markers in especially HIV-positive individuals with virological failure and on second line treatment. Our data also show a unique link between immune activation and lipid subclass alterations, revealing important changes that can be missed by traditional lipid marker assessments (e.g., LDL and HDL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Teer
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Danzil E Joseph
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Natasha Driescher
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Theo A Nell
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Leanne Dominick
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Natasha Midgley
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Gaurang Deshpande
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Martin J Page
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Richard H Glashoff
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Abstract
Although cross-sectional studies have shown that obesity is associated with lower concentrations of large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, it is unknown if changes in HDL subclasses are related to changes in body fat and its distribution over time. We therefore assessed changes in HDL subclass distribution over a 5.5-year free-living follow-up period in 24 black South African women. At baseline and follow-up, body composition and body fat distribution were measured using anthropometry, dual X-ray absorptiometry, and computerized tomography. HDL subclass distribution was quantified using Lipoprint®. Over the 5.5-year follow-up period, body fat (+17.3 ± 4.5 kg, p < 0.05) and trunk fat mass (+7.4 ± 1.9%, % fat mass, FM, p < 0.05) increased, while leg fat mass (-2.53 ± 0.56%, % FM, p < 0.001) and the distribution of large (-6.43 ± 2.12%, p < 0.05) HDL subclasses decreased. A percentage decrease in large HDL subclasses was associated with a percentage increase in central fat mass (visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, p < 0.05) and a percentage decrease in peripheral fat mass (leg fat mass). These preliminary findings suggest that a relative redistribution of body fat from the periphery to the abdominal region were associated with a decrease HDL subclass size in black South African women and provide a novel link between body fat distribution and lipidology in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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9
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Woudberg NJ, Mendham AE, Katz AA, Goedecke JH, Lecour S. Exercise intervention alters HDL subclass distribution and function in obese women. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:232. [PMID: 30301473 PMCID: PMC6178267 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with a change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass. Exercise training reduces cardiovascular risk in obese patients. We aimed to explore the effect of an exercise training stimulus on HDL functionality and subclass in obese women. METHODS Thirty-two obese black South African women were randomly assigned to exercise (combined aerobic and resistance exercise) or control (no exercise) conditions for 12-weeks. Pre- and post-testing included venous blood sampling for analysis of lipid profile and HDL functionality, by measuring cellular cholesterol efflux capacity, reduction in endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression (anti-inflammatory function), paraoxonase (PON) (antioxidative function) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities (anti-thrombotic function). PON-1 and PAF-AH expression were determined in serum and in isolated HDL using Western blotting. Levels of large, intermediate and small HDL subclasses were measured using the Lipoprint® system. RESULTS Exercise training resulted in a decrease in body mass index (- 1.0 ± 0.5% vs + 1.2 ± 0.6%, p = 0.010), PON activity (- 8.7 ± 2.4% vs + 1.1 ± 3.0%, p = 0.021), PAF-AH serum expression (- 22.1 ± 8.0% vs + 16.9 ± 9.8, p = 0.002), and the distribution of small HDL subclasses (- 10.1 ± 5.4% vs + 15.7 ± 6.6%, p = 0.004) compared to controls. Exercise did not alter HDL cellular cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory function. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potential for exercise training to modify HDL subclass distribution and HDL function in obese women. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials number: PACTR201711002789113 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arieh A Katz
- UCT Research Unit for Receptor biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Goedecke JH, Mendham AE, Clamp L, Nono Nankam PA, Fortuin-de Smidt MC, Phiri L, Micklesfield LK, Keswell D, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S, Alhamud A, Kaba M, Lutomia FM, van Jaarsveld PJ, de Villiers A, Kahn SE, Chorell E, Hauksson J, Olsson T. An Exercise Intervention to Unravel the Mechanisms Underlying Insulin Resistance in a Cohort of Black South African Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Baseline Characteristics of Participants. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e75. [PMID: 29669711 PMCID: PMC5932332 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in black African women is complex and differs from that in their white counterparts. However, earlier studies have been cross-sectional and provide little insight into the causal pathways. Exercise training is consistently used as a model to examine the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and risk for T2D. Objective The objective of the study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in obese black South African (SA) women. Methods A total of 45 obese (body mass index, BMI: 30-40 kg/m2) black SA women were randomized into a control (n=22) or experimental (exercise; n=23) group. The exercise group completed 12 weeks of supervised combined aerobic and resistance training (40-60 min, 4 days/week), while the control group maintained their typical physical activity patterns, and both groups were requested not to change their dietary patterns. Before and following the 12-week intervention period, insulin sensitivity and secretion (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and its primary and secondary determinants were measured. Dietary intake, sleep quality and quantity, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were measured every 4 weeks. Results The final sample included 20 exercise and 15 control participants. Baseline sociodemographics, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, physical activity, and diet did not differ between the groups (P>.05). Conclusions The study describes a research protocol for an exercise intervention to understand the mechanisms underlying insulin sensitivity and secretion in obese black SA women and aims to identify causal pathways underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and risk for T2D in black SA women, targeting specific areas for therapeutic intervention. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201711002789113; http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/ appmanager/atm/atmregistry?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_app_atmregistry_portal_page_13 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xLEFqKr0)
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Louise Clamp
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Phiri
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council / University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dheshnie Keswell
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ali Alhamud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Faith M Lutomia
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul J van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anniza de Villiers
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Jon Hauksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
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11
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Woudberg NJ, Pedretti S, Lecour S, Schulz R, Vuilleumier N, James RW, Frias MA. Pharmacological Intervention to Modulate HDL: What Do We Target? Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:989. [PMID: 29403378 PMCID: PMC5786575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have traditionally served as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. As such, novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL cholesterol have been tested in the clinical setting. However, most trials led to a significant increase in HDL cholesterol with no improvement in cardiovascular events. The complexity of the HDL particle, which exerts multiple physiological functions and is comprised of a number of subclasses, has raised the question as to whether there should be more focus on HDL subclass and function rather than cholesterol quantity. We review current data regarding HDL subclasses and subclass-specific functionality and highlight how current lipid modifying drugs such as statins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, fibrates and niacin often increase cholesterol concentrations of specific HDL subclasses. In addition this review sets out arguments suggesting that the HDL3 subclass may provide better protective effects than HDL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Pedretti
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard W James
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Frias
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Woudberg NJ, Goedecke JH, Lecour S. Protection from Cardiovascular Disease Due to Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in African Black Populations: Myth or Reality? Ethn Dis 2016; 26:553-560. [PMID: 27773983 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the last decade. Despite this, African Black populations present with relatively low incidences of coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease, which may be attributed to their lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, compared with White populations. Commensurate with these lower lipid levels, it was believed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations would be higher in Black populations compared with their White counterparts. This is based on data from previous studies of African and African American populations; however, recent studies conducted in Africa found similar or lower HDL-C concentrations in Black compared with White individuals. Current research, therefore, suggests that HDL-C may not be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk and future research should focus on HDL quality (vs quantity), by measuring HDL functionality and subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Woudberg NJ, Goedecke JH, Blackhurst D, Frias M, James R, Opie LH, Lecour S. Association between ethnicity and obesity with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass distribution. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:92. [PMID: 27169717 PMCID: PMC4866302 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with cardiovascular risk. Surprisingly, despite a greater prevalence of obesity and lower HDL concentrations than white women, black South African women are relatively protected against ischaemic heart disease. METHODS We investigated whether this apparent discrepancy may be related to different HDL function and subclass distribution in black and white, normal-weight and obese South African women (n = 40). HDL functionality was assessed by measuring paraoxonase (PON) activity, platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and quantification of the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule in endothelial cells. PON-1 and PAF-AH expression was determined in isolated HDL and serum using Western blotting. Levels of large, intermediate and small HDL subclasses were measured using the Lipoprint® system. RESULTS PON activity was lower in white compared to black women (0.49 ± 0.09 U/L vs 0.78 ± 0.10 U/L, p < 0.05), regardless of PON-1 protein levels. Obese black women had lower PAF-AH activity (9.34 ± 1.15 U/L vs 13.89 ± 1.21 U/L, p <0.05) and HDL-associated PAF-AH expression compared to obese white women. Compared to normal-weight women, obese women had lower large HDL, greater intermediate and small HDL; an effect that was more pronounced in white women than black women. There were no differences in antioxidant capacity or anti-inflammatory function across groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that both obesity and ethnicity are associated with differences in HDL functionality, while obesity was associated with decreases in large HDL subclass distribution. Measuring HDL functionality and subclass may, therefore, be important factors to consider when assessing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Woudberg
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dee Blackhurst
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel Frias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard James
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel H Opie
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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