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Wilson A, Manuzak JA, Liang H, Leda AR, Klatt N, Lynch RM. Probiotic Therapy During Vaccination Alters Antibody Response to Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection But Not to Commensals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:222-231. [PMID: 36517984 PMCID: PMC10171943 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of robust circulating antibody titers is a key goal of HIV-1 vaccination. Probiotic supplementation is an established strategy to enhance microbiota and boost antibody responses to vaccines. A recent study tested whether oral probiotics could enhance vaccine-specific mucosal immunity by testing vaccination with and without supplementation in a Rhesus macaque Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus challenge model. Although supplementation was not associated with protection, the effects of probiotics on immunity after infection were not examined. To address this question, we measured antibody titers to HIV Env and commensal bacteria in plasma from the vaccination/supplementation time points as well as after Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) acquisition. We found that a trend toward lower HIV Env-specific titers in the animals given probiotics plus vaccine became greater after SHIV infection. Significantly lower Immunoglobulin (Ig) A titers were observed in animals vaccinated and supplemented compared with vaccine alone due to a delay in antibody kinetics at week 2 postinfection. We observed no difference, however, in titers to commensal bacteria during probiotic supplementation or after SHIV infection. These results suggest that probiotic supplementation may be a strategy for reducing IgA-specific HIV antibodies in the plasma, a correlate associated with increased HIV infection in the RV144 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Manuzak
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ana R. Leda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Lynch
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Schifanella L, Anderson J, Wieking G, Southern PJ, Antinori S, Galli M, Corbellino M, Lai A, Klatt N, Schacker TW, Haase AT. The Defenders of the Alveolus Succumb in COVID-19 Pneumonia to SARS-CoV-2 and Necroptosis, Pyroptosis and Panoptosis. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:1245-1254. [PMID: 36869698 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) pneumocytes as defenders of the alveolus are critical to repairing lung injury. We investigated the ATII reparative response in COVID-19 pneumonia, because the initial proliferation of ATII cells in this reparative process should provide large numbers of target cells to amplify SARS-CoV-2 virus production and cytopathological effects to compromise lung repair. We show that both infected and uninfected ATII cells succumb to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced necroptosis, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK)-induced pyroptosis and a new PANoptotic hybrid form of inflammatory cell death mediated by a PANoptosomal latticework that generates distinctive COVID-19 pathologies in contiguous ATII cells. Identifying TNF and BTK as the initiators of programmed cell death and SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects provides a rationale for early antiviral treatment combined with inhibitors of TNF and BTK to preserve ATII cell populations, reduce programmed cell death and associated hyperinflammation, and restore functioning alveoli in COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schifanella
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States of America
| | - Jodi Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States of America
| | - Garritt Wieking
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States of America
| | - Peter J Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States of America
| | - Spinello Antinori
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Corbellino
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States of America
| | - Timothy W Schacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States of America
| | - Ashley T Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States of America
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Bramante CT, Buse JB, Liebovitz D, Nicklas J, Puskarich MA, Cohen K, Belani H, Anderson B, Huling JD, Tignanelli C, Thompson J, Pullen M, Siegel L, Proper J, Odde DJ, Klatt N, Sherwood N, Lindberg S, Wirtz EL, Karger A, Beckman K, Erickson S, Fenno S, Hartman K, Rose M, Patel B, Griffiths G, Bhat N, Murray TA, Boulware DR. Outpatient treatment of Covid-19 with metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine and the development of Long Covid over 10-month follow-up. medRxiv 2022:2022.12.21.22283753. [PMID: 36597543 PMCID: PMC9810227 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.21.22283753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Long Covid is an emerging chronic illness potentially affecting millions, sometimes preventing the ability to work or participate in normal daily activities. COVID-OUT was an investigator-initiated, multi-site, phase 3, randomized, quadruple-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT04510194). The design simultaneously assessed three oral medications (metformin, ivermectin, fluvoxamine) using two by three parallel treatment factorial assignment to efficiently share placebo controls and assessed Long Covid outcomes for 10 months to understand whether early outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with metformin, ivermectin, or fluvoxamine prevents Long Covid. Methods This was a decentralized, remotely delivered trial in the US of 1,125 adults age 30 to 85 with overweight or obesity, fewer than 7 days of symptoms, and enrolled within three days of a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immediate release metformin titrated over 6 days to 1,500mg per day 14 days total; ivermectin 430mcg/kg/day for 3 days; fluvoxamine, 50mg on day one then 50mg twice daily through 14 days. Medical-provider diagnosis of Long Covid, reported by participant by day 300 after randomization was a pre-specified secondary outcome; the primary outcome of the trial was severe Covid by day 14. Result The median age was 45 years (IQR 37 to 54), 56% female of whom 7% were pregnant. Two percent identified as Native American; 3.7% as Asian; 7.4% as Black/African American; 82.8% as white; and 12.7% as Hispanic/Latino. The median BMI was 29.8 kg/m2 (IQR 27 to 34); 51% had a BMI >30kg/m2. Overall, 8.4% reported having received a diagnosis of Long Covid from a medical provider: 6.3% in the metformin group and 10.6% in the metformin control; 8.0% in the ivermectin group and 8.1% in the ivermectin control; and 10.1% in the fluvoxamine group and 7.5% in the fluvoxamine control. The Hazard Ratio (HR) for Long Covid in the metformin group versus control was 0.58 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.88); 0.99 (95% CI 0.592 to 1.643) in the ivermectin group; and 1.36 in the fluvoxamine group (95% CI 0.785 to 2.385). Conclusions There was a 42% relative decrease in the incidence of Long Covid in the metformin group compared to its blinded control in a secondary outcome of this randomized phase 3 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John B Buse
- Endocrinology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, ND
| | - David Liebovitz
- General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jacinda Nicklas
- General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | | | - Ken Cohen
- UnitedHealth Group, Optum Labs, Minnetonka, MN
| | - Hrishikesh Belani
- Department of Medicine, Olive View - University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Blake Anderson
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jared D Huling
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Jennifer Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew Pullen
- Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lianne Siegel
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jennifer Proper
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David J Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nancy Sherwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sarah Lindberg
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Esteban Lemus Wirtz
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amy Karger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kenny Beckman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Spencer Erickson
- General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sarah Fenno
- General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katrina Hartman
- General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael Rose
- General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Barkha Patel
- General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Neeta Bhat
- General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Thomas A Murray
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David R Boulware
- Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Schifanella L, Anderson J, Wieking G, Southern PJ, Antinori S, Galli M, Corbellino M, Lai A, Klatt N, Schacker TW, Haase AT. The Defenders of the Alveolus Succumb in COVID-19 Pneumonia to SARS-CoV-2, Necroptosis, Pyroptosis and Panoptosis. bioRxiv 2022:2022.08.06.503050. [PMID: 35982650 PMCID: PMC9387135 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.06.503050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The alveolar type II (ATII) pneumocyte has been called the defender of the alveolus because, amongst the cell’s many important roles, repair of lung injury is particularly critical. We investigated the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 infection incapacitates the ATII reparative response in fatal COVID-19 pneumonia, and describe massive infection and destruction of ATI and ATII cells. We show that both type I interferon-negative infected ATII and type I-interferon-positive uninfected ATII cells succumb to TNF-induced necroptosis, BTK-induced pyroptosis and a new PANoptotic hybrid form of inflammatory cell death that combines apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis in the same cell. We locate pathway components of these cell death pathways in a PANoptosomal latticework that mediates emptying and disruption of ATII cells and destruction of cells in blood vessels associated with microthrombi. Early antiviral treatment combined with inhibitors of TNF and BTK could preserve ATII cell populations to restore lung function and reduce hyperinflammation from necroptosis, pyroptosis and panoptosis. Graphic Highlights In fatal COVID-19 pneumonia, the initial destruction of Type II alveolar cells by SARS-CoV-2 infection is amplified by infection of the large numbers of spatially contiguous Type II cells supplied by the proliferative reparative response.Interferon-negative infected cells and interferon-positive uninfected cells succumb to inflammatory forms of cell death, TNF-induced necroptosis, BTK-induced pyroptosis, and PANoptosis.All of the cell death pathway components, including a recently identified NINJ1 component, are localized in a PANoptosome latticework that empties in distinctive patterns to generate morphologically distinguishable cell remnants.Early combination treatment with inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication, TNF and BTK could reduce the losses of Type II cells and preserve a reparative response to regenerate functional alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schifanella
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jodi Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Garritt Wieking
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Spinello Antinori
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Corbellino
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy W. Schacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ashley T. Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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5
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Nies M, Schleberger R, Dinshaw L, Klatt N, Muenkler P, Jungen C, Rottner L, Lemoine MD, Reißmann B, Rillig A, Metzner A, Kirchhof P, Meyer C. Spatial correction improves accuracy of catheter positioning during ablation of premature ventricular contractions: differences between ventricular outflow tracts and other localizations. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:312. [PMID: 35831801 PMCID: PMC9281105 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid activation mapping is a novel tool to correct for spatial displacement of the mapping catheter due to asymmetrical contraction of myocardium during premature ventricular contractions (PVC). The aim of this study is to describe and improve our understanding of spatial displacement during PVC mapping as well as options for correction using hybrid activation mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed 5798 hybrid mapping points in 40 acquired hybrid maps of 22 consecutive patients (age 63 ± 16 years, 45% female) treated for premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Median PVC-coupling interval was 552 ms (IQR 83 ms). Spatial displacement was determined by measuring the dislocation of the catheter tip during PVC compared to the preceding sinus beat. Mean spatial displacement was 3.8 ± 1.5 mm for all maps. The displacement was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm larger for PVCs with non-outflow-tract origin compared to PVCs originating from the ventricular outflow tracts (RVOT/LVOT; p = 0.045). Demographic parameters, PVC-coupling-interval and chamber of origin had no significant influence on the extent of spatial displacement. CONCLUSION Ectopic activation of the ventricular myocardium during PVCs results in spatial displacement of mapping points that is significantly larger for PVCs with non-outflow-tract origin. The correction for spatial displacement may improve accuracy of radiofrequency current (RFC)-application in catheter ablation of PVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nies
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Schleberger
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Dinshaw
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Klatt
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Berlin, Germany ,grid.492071.90000 0004 0580 7196Department of Cardiology, Schön Klinik Neustadt in Holstein, Am Kiebitzberg 10, 23730 Neustadt in Holstein, Germany
| | - P. Muenkler
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Jungen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Berlin, Germany ,grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L. Rottner
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. D. Lemoine
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Reißmann
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Rillig
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Metzner
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Kirchhof
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C. Meyer
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ,Division of Cardiology, EVK Düsseldorf, cNEP, Cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, Kirchfeldstraße 40, 40217 Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917cNEP, Cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, Institute for Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kahle AK, Klatt N, Jungen C, Dietenberger A, Kuklik P, Muenkler P, Willems S, Nikolaev V, Scherschel K, Meyer C. Selective intracardiac sympathetic denervation acutely modulates left ventricular control. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
Background
The sympathetic nervous system plays an integral role in cardiac physiology. Neuromodulation is emerging as a treatment option for ventricular arrhythmias, but selective intracardiac approaches are rare. Sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the left ventricle have been demonstrated to be amenable to transvenous catheter stimulation along the coronary sinus (CS).
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to modulate left ventricular control by selective sympathetic denervation using epicardial or standard catheter ablation for intracardiac axotomy at the level of the CS.
Methods
First, the impact of epicardial CS ablation on cardiac electrophysiology was studied in a Langendorff model of murine hearts (n=10 each, ablation and control). Second, the impact of transvenous, anatomically-driven axotomy by catheter-based radiofrequency ablation along the CS was evaluated in a healthy ovine in vivo model (n=8) before and during left stellate ganglion stimulation (LSGS).
Results
CS ablation for intracardiac sympathetic axotomy prolonged epicardial ventricular refractory period (VRP) without (41.8±8.4 ms vs. 53.0±13.5 ms; P=0.0487) and with beta1-2-adrenergic receptor blockade (47.8±2.8 ms vs. 73.1±5.0 ms; P=0.0009) and enhanced the increasing effect of beta1-2-adrenergic receptor blockade on epicardial VRP (∆VRP 6.3±7.0 ms vs. 20.0±7.5 ms; P=0.0045) in mice (Figure, A). Mean epicardial wave propagation velocity in the left ventricle was faster in ablated hearts than in controls (1.13±0.05 m/s vs. 1.00±0.02 m/s; P=0.0463), but did not differ in the right ventricle (1.15±0.05 m/s vs. 1.20±0.08 m/s; P=0.7938). Transvenous catheter ablation of the CS reduced systolic (SBP, 57.7±5.0 mmHg vs. 46.9±3.6 mmHg; P=0.0428) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, 35.5±3.0 mmHg vs. 26.7±1.8 mmHg; P=0.0106) and diminished the blood pressure increase during LSGS in sheep (∆SBP 21.9±3.8 mmHg vs. 10.5±4.2 mmHg; P=0.0234; ∆DBP 9.0±1.9 mmHg vs. 3.0±1.2 mmHg; P=0.0391) (Figure, B, C). Cycle length remained unchanged by LSGS, both before (baseline 653.2±20.6 ms vs. LSGS 627.8±27.5 ms; P=0.2309) and after CS ablation (baseline 734.8±24.2 ms vs. LSGS 746.2±37.3 ms; P=0.7145).
Conclusions
Anatomically-driven axotomy targeting nerve fibers along the CS enables selective intracardiac sympathetic denervation resulting in acute modulation of left ventricular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- AK Kahle
- Evangelical Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - N Klatt
- Schoen Clinic Neustadt, Neustadt in Holstein, Germany
| | - C Jungen
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Dietenberger
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Kuklik
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Muenkler
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Willems
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Nikolaev
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - C Meyer
- Evangelical Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
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7
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Chahine A, Koru-Sengul T, Feaster DJ, Dilworth SE, Antoni MH, Klatt N, Roach ME, Pallikkuth S, Sharkey M, Salinas J, Stevenson M, Pahwa S, Fuchs D, Carrico AW. Blue Monday: Co-occurring Stimulant Use and HIV Persistence Predict Dysregulated Catecholamine Synthesis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:353-360. [PMID: 33165125 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study examined whether co-occurring stimulant use and HIV disease processes predicted greater risk for depression via dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for neurotransmitters. METHODS In total, 110 sexual minority men (ie, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) living with HIV who had biologically confirmed recent methamphetamine use were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) and phenylalanine/tyrosine (P/T) ratios were measured over 15 months to index dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for serotonin and catecholamines. Markers of gut-immune dysregulation such as lipopolysaccharide binding protein and soluble CD14 (sCD14), HIV persistence in immune cells (ie, proviral HIV DNA), and stimulant use were examined as predictors. These bio-behavioral measures, including the K/T and P/T ratios, were also examined as predictors of greater risk for depression over 15 months. RESULTS Higher time-varying sCD14 levels (β = 0.13; P = 0.04) and time-varying detectable viral loads (β = 0.71; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of a higher K/T ratio. Time-varying reactive urine toxicology results for stimulants (β = 0.53; P < 0.001) and greater proviral HIV DNA at baseline (β = 0.34; P < 0.001) independently predicted an increased P/T ratio. Greater time-varying, self-reported methamphetamine use uniquely predicted higher odds of screening positive for depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.17). CONCLUSIONS Ongoing stimulant use and HIV persistence independently predict dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for catecholamines, but this did not explain amplified risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chahine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Tulay Koru-Sengul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Daniel J Feaster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Margaret E Roach
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Universit of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Universit of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Mark Sharkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and
| | - Jessica Salinas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and
| | - Mario Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; and
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Universit of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute for Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Biocentre, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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8
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Jungen C, Akbulak R, Kahle A, Eickholt C, Schaeffer B, Dinshaw L, Schleberger R, Nies M, Gunawardene M, Muenkler P, Klatt N, Hartmann J, Jularic M, Willems S, Meyer C. Outcome after practical isthmus ablation of scar-related atrial tachycardia guided by high-density mapping. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
High-density mapping (HDM) has been found to precisely identify the practical isthmus of scar-related atrial tachycardia (AT) circuits. Since practical isthmuses have been found to be shorter than the usual anatomical isthmuses targeted ablation has been proposed. However, outcome data are sparse. Here we describe HDM-guided catheter ablation by targeting the practical isthmus in patients with scar-related ATs.
Methods and results
In 250 consecutive patients with scar-related ATs HDM-guided catheter ablation with the support of a 64-electrode mini-basket catheter has been performed. Most patients underwent a prior catheter ablation (98%) while 13% had a prior cardiac valve surgery and 6% an underlying congenital heart disease. A total of 355 ATs occurred in the index procedure, of which 64% had a macro-, 26% a micro-reentry and 10% a focal mechanism. The ATs had a mean cycle length of 304±4.3 ms and in 237 patients (95%) an acute termination into sinus rhythm was achieved. They were mainly located in the left atrium (72%) but also in the right atrium (25%), bi-atrially (5%) or in the CS (3%) (see figure). Targeting the practical isthmus revealed arrhythmia freedom in 53% of patients after a single procedure during a mid-term follow-up (median 489 days, range 95–1407 days). Freedom from any arrhythmia could be achieved in 74% of patients after multiple procedures and in 93% of patients after multiple procedures and optimal clinical therapy, including pharmaceutical or electrical cardioversion.
Conclusions
HDM-guided catheter ablation of the practical isthmus in patients with scar-related ATs leads to a high acute success rate. Nevertheless, multiple procedures are necessary in a relevant number of patients resulting in a low recurrence rate.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jungen
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Akbulak
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Kahle
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Eickholt
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Schaeffer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Dinshaw
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Schleberger
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Nies
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Gunawardene
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Muenkler
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Klatt
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Jularic
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Willems
- Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Department of Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Meyer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Interventional and General Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Menden A, Hall D, Broedlow CA, Darcey T, Crawford F, Klatt N, Crynen S, Mullan M, Ait-Ghezala G. Candida rugosa lipase alters the gastrointestinal environment in wild-type mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110579. [PMID: 32771891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and commercially available supplements can significantly impact the gut microbial composition; however, the effects of supplements often lack scientific data demonstrating the effects on healthy and diseased individuals. Hence, it was investigated, whether a frequently used supplement in humans, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), gets delivered active beyond the stomach in the intestinal tract of C57BL/6 J mice and its impact on the gut microbial community and environment. We showed for the first time the movement of CRL in an active state through the mouse digestive tract by determination of intestinal CRL activity and free fatty acids concentrations. The short- and long-term administration of CRL resulted in significant alterations of the gut microbiome, favoring the growth of, for instance, Verrucomicrobia but also other species associated with normal body mass index (BMI) or butyrate expression, both considered beneficial. In addition, we showed that these changes persisted after supplementation and that gut barrier integrity was unaffected by the treatment. In conclusion, CRL can be delivered in an active state beyond the stomach and supplementation altered the murine gut microbiome favoring beneficial bacterial species, which may be of relevance in humans in healthy but also potentially in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Menden
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Davane Hall
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Courtney Ann Broedlow
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Teresa Darcey
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Stefan Crynen
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Ghania Ait-Ghezala
- Roskamp Institute, 2040 Whitfield Avenue, Sarasota, FL, 34243, United States; Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton-Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
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10
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McGaugh A, Miller C, King J, McManus K, Alcaide ML, Bauermeister J, Grov C, Manuzak J, Broedlow C, Klatt N, Carrico A. 1289. Douching and Rectal Inflammation in Sexual Minority Men: Implications for HIV Acquisition. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6809118 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rectal douching is the practice of rinsing the anus and rectum prior to, or after, anal sex. Among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (sexual minority men), rectal douching is likely to enhance HIV acquisition by amplifying inflammation of the rectal mucosa. This study evaluated the association of rectal douching with rectal inflammation among sexual minority men at risk for HIV infection. Methods HIV uninfected sexual minority men who reported receptive anal intercourse in the past 3 months (N = 197) were recruited from four STI clinics in South Florida, the leading region for new HIV infections among sexual minority men in the United States. A brief survey assessed rectal douching practices and sexual behaviors in the previous 3 months. Rectal inflammation was assessed by measuring 13 human rectal inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in rectal swabs using the LEGENDplex Human Inflammation Panel in a sample of 38 participants who reported douching and condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI). Results Average age was 35.8 years (SD=15.4). The sample was multi-ethnic: 42% Caucasian, 38% Hispanic/Latino, 13% Black/African American, and 7% other ethnic minority. Approximately two-thirds of participants (65%) reported any rectal douching in the past 3 months and the median number times participants douched was five. Participants who douched had more CRAI partners (Cohen’s d = 0.4587; P < 0.01), and more CRAI partners to ejaculation (Cohen’s d = 0.4813; P < 0.01) compared with participants who did not douche. Participants who reported douching five or more times in the past 3 months displayed significantly higher levels of IL-8 (Cohen’s d = 0.79; P = 0.02) than those who douched less than five times. Conclusion Among sexual minority men who engage in CRAI, more frequent douching is associated with higher levels of rectal inflammation. Assessment of rectal douching should be included when evaluating HIV prevention interventions among sexual minority men, as those who douche are more likely to engage in CRAI and are at higher risk for acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmitted infection. Further mechanistic studies are needed to assess the role of rectal douching in promoting rectal inflammation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McGaugh
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Charlene Miller
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Pediatrics - Infectious Diseases, Miami, Florida
| | - Justice King
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida
| | - Kate McManus
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria L Alcaide
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Christian Grov
- Community Health and Social Sciences CUNY, New York City, New York
| | - Jennifer Manuzak
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Pediatrics - Infectious Diseases, Miami, Florida
| | - Courtney Broedlow
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Pediatrics - Infectious Diseases, Miami, Florida
| | - Nichole Klatt
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Pediatrics - Infectious Diseases, Miami, Florida
| | - Adam Carrico
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, Florida
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11
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Dinshaw L, Lemoine M, Hartmann J, Schaeffer B, Klatt N, Jularic M, Gunarwadene M, Muenkler P, Tam A, Eickholt C, Willems S, Patten M, Meyer C. P3778Long-term outcome of non-pharmacologial treatment of atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a large single-centre experience. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and is generally associated with a significant deterioration of clinical status. Non-pharmacological treatment such as surgical and catheter ablation has become an established therapy for symptomatic AF but in patients with HCM often having a chronically increased left atrial pressure and extensive atrial cardiomyopathy the long-term outcome is uncertain.
Purpose
The present study aimed to analyse the long-term outcome of AF ablation in HCM and the mechanism of recurrent atrial arrhythmias using high-density mapping systems.
Methods
A total of 65 patients (age 64.5±9.9 years, 42 (64.6%) male) with HCM undergoing AF ablation for symptomatic AF were included in our study. The ablation strategy for catheter ablation included pulmonary vein isolation in all patients and biatrial ablation of complex fractionated electrograms with additional ablation lines if appropriate. In patients with suspected atrial tachycardia (AT) high-density activation and substrate mapping were performed. A surgical ablation at the time of an operative myectomy for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was performed in 8 (12.3%) patients. The outcome was analysed using clinical assessment, Holter ECG and continuous rhythm monitoring of cardiac implantable electric devices.
Results
Paroxysmal AF was present in 27 (41.6%), persistent AF in 37 (56.9%) and primary AT in 1 (1.5%) patients. The mean left atrial diameter was 54.1±12.5 ml. In 11 (16.9%) patients with AT high-density mapping was used to characterize the mechanism of the ongoing tachycardia. After 1.9±1.2 ablation procedures and a follow-up of 48.5±37.2 months, ablation success was demonstrated in 58.9% of patients. The success rate for paroxysmal and persistent AF was 70.0% and 55.8%, respectively (p=0.023). Of those patients with AT high-density mapping guided ablation was successful in 44.4% of patients. The LA diameter of patients with a successful ablation was smaller (52.2 vs. 58.1 mm; p=0.003).
Conclusion
Non-pharmacological treatment of AF in HCM is effective during long-term follow-up. Paroxysmal AF and a smaller LA diameter are favourable for successful ablation. In patients with complex AT the use of high-density mapping can guide ablation resulting in further ablation success in a reasonable number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinshaw
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Lemoine
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Schaeffer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Klatt
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Jularic
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Gunarwadene
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Muenkler
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Tam
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Eickholt
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Willems
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Patten
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Meyer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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McKinnon LR, Achilles SL, Bradshaw CS, Burgener A, Crucitti T, Fredricks DN, Jaspan HB, Kaul R, Kaushic C, Klatt N, Kwon DS, Marrazzo JM, Masson L, McClelland RS, Ravel J, van de Wijgert JH, Vodstrcil LA, Tachedjian G. The Evolving Facets of Bacterial Vaginosis: Implications for HIV Transmission. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:219-228. [PMID: 30638028 PMCID: PMC6434601 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common yet poorly understood vaginal condition that has become a major focus of HIV transmission and immunology research. Varied terminologies are used by clinicians and researchers to describe microbial communities that reside in the female reproductive tract (FRT), which is driven, in part, by microbial genetic and metabolic complexity, evolving diagnostic and molecular techniques, and multidisciplinary perspectives of clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, and immunologists who all appreciate the scientific importance of understanding mechanisms that underlie BV. This Perspectives article aims to clarify the varied terms used to describe the cervicovaginal microbiota and its “nonoptimal” state, under the overarching term of BV. The ultimate goal is to move toward language standardization in future literature that facilitates a better understanding of the impact of BV on FRT immunology and risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle R. McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sharon L. Achilles
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Catriona S. Bradshaw
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Hospital, Carlton, Australia
| | - Adam Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Heather B. Jaspan
- Seattle Children's Research Institute and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Douglas S. Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeanne M. Marrazzo
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lindi Masson
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for AIDS/HIV Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R. Scott McClelland
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janneke H.H.M. van de Wijgert
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka A. Vodstrcil
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Hospital, Carlton, Australia
| | - Gilda Tachedjian
- Disease Elimination Program, Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Williams B, Boucher C, Bushman F, Carrington-Lawrence S, Collman R, Dandekar S, Dang Q, Malaspina A, Paredes R, Wilson C, Nowak P, Klatt N, Lagenaur L, Landay A. A Summary of the Third Annual HIV Microbiome Workshop. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:828-834. [PMID: 30105916 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our microbial cotravelers have increasingly apparent roles in both maintaining health and causing disease in several organ systems. Investigators gather annually at the National Institutes of Health to present new discoveries regarding the role of the microbiome in human health and a special focus on persons living with HIV. Here, we summarize the discussions from the third annual Virology Education workshop on the microbiome in HIV, which took place in October of 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Williams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charles Boucher
- Department of Virosciences, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacy Carrington-Lawrence
- Office of AIDS Research, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, U.S. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ronald Collman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Que Dang
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela Malaspina
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roger Paredes
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa i Unitat VIH, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cara Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nichole Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Alan Landay
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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Jungen C, Kuklik P, Eickholt C, Akbulak R, Klatt N, Hartmann J, Gunawardene M, Geisler A, Jularic M, Klene C, Klutmann S, Willems S, Mester J, Meyer C. 3012Ventricular arrhythmia ablation in areas of mismatch between sympathetic innervation and electroanatomical voltage. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Jungen
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Kuklik
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Eickholt
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Akbulak
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Klatt
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Gunawardene
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Geisler
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Jularic
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Klene
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klutmann
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Willems
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Mester
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Meyer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Bernhardt A, Klatt N, Jungen C, Scherschel K, Willems S, Reichenspurner H, Meyer C. A New Ex-Vivo Working Heart Model without Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage to Analyze Electrophysiological Properties of a Denervated Heart. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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Dinshaw L, Akbulak Ö, Schaeffer B, Jularic M, Gunawardene M, Muench J, Klatt N, Hartmann J, Eickholt C, Gosau N, Patten M, Willems S, Meyer C. P844Long-term outcome of ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Dinshaw
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ö Akbulak
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Schaeffer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Jularic
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Gunawardene
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Muench
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Klatt
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hartmann
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Eickholt
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Gosau
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Patten
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Willems
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Meyer
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Cardiology Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Bernhardt A, Hakmi S, Lietz P, Klatt N, Pamirsad M, Jungen C, Reitmeier A, Willems S, Reichenspurner H, Scherschel K, Meyer C. A New Ex-Vivo Working Heart Model without Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bernhardt
- Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Hamburg, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Hakmi
- Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Hamburg, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Lietz
- Elektrophysiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Klatt
- Elektrophysiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Pamirsad
- Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Hamburg, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Jungen
- Elektrophysiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Reitmeier
- Versuchstierhaltung, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Willems
- Elektrophysiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Reichenspurner
- Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Hamburg, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Scherschel
- Elektrophysiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Meyer
- Elektrophysiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Klatt N, Srinivasan S, Gile J, Hensley-McBain T, Fiedler T, Fredricks D. Dynamic vaginal microbiota in pigtail macaques is associated with menstrual cycle and inflammation (MUC9P.753). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.205.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A challenge in prevention of mucosal HIV transmission is incomplete understanding of correlates of vaginal transmission, including mucosal inflammation. Vaginal SIV/SHIV transmission in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) is an excellent model for HIV transmission, however little is known about how genital microbes may influence inflammation and transmission. Broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR and pyrosequencing was performed on vaginal swabs to assess vaginal microbiome in healthy pigtail macaques. Bacteria were identified to the species or genus level. Luminex was used to measure cytokine and chemokine levels in vaginal swabs. Pigtail macaques had diverse bacterial communities at all phases of the menstrual cycle, with a range of dominant bacteria. Several species were identified that are commonly found in bacterial vaginosis (BV) in humans, and three animals exhibitied Lactobacillus-dominance. Longitudinal sampling demonstrated that the vaginal microbiome is dynamic and possibly influenced by the menstrual cycle. Animals with Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota had decreased IL-8 (p=0.009) and IL-1Ra (p=0.044). In conclusion, the macaque vaginal microbiota is diverse, dynamic, and can resemble the human vaginal microbiota, including BV-associated bacteria as well as Lactobacillus spp, which is associated with decreased innate inflammation. These data provide a foundation for understanding how the vaginal microbiome may impact risk of HIV/SIV transmission.
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Klatt N, Canary L, Vinton C, Morcock D, Estes J, Brenchley J. Rate of AIDS progression is associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in SIV-infected pigtail macaques (P3045). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.55.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During HIV/SIV infection, mucosal immune system dysfunction and systemic immune activation are associated with progression to AIDS, however it is unclear to what extent pre-existing gastrointestinal damage relates to disease progression after infection. Pigtail macaques (PTM) are an excellent model in which to assess mucosal dysfunction in relation to HIV/SIV pathogenesis, as the majority of these animals have high levels of gastrointestinal damage, immune activation, and microbial translocation prior to infection, and rapidly progress to AIDS upon SIV infection. Here we characterized the mucosal immune environment prior to and throughout SIV infection in 13 uninfected PTM and 9 SIV-infected PTM, of which 3 were slow progressors. This small subset of slow progressors had limited innate immune activation in mucosal tissues in the periphery, which was associated with a more intact colonic epithelial barrier. Furthermore, we found that pre-infection levels of microbial translocation, as measured by lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), in PTM correlated with the rate of progression to AIDS. These data suggest that pre-existing levels of microbial translocation and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction may influence the rate of HIV disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Klatt
- 2Deptartment of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- 1NIAID, LMM, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - David Morcock
- 3AIDS and Cancer and Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jacob Estes
- 3AIDS and Cancer and Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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Sumpter B, Dunham R, Gordon S, Engram J, Hennessy M, Kinter A, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Klatt N, McClure H, Milush JM, Staprans S, Sodora DL, Silvestri G. Correlates of preserved CD4(+) T cell homeostasis during natural, nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection of sooty mangabeys: implications for AIDS pathogenesis. J Immunol 2007; 178:1680-91. [PMID: 17237418 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to HIV-infected humans, naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs) very rarely progress to AIDS. Although the mechanisms underlying this disease resistance are unknown, a consistent feature of natural SIV infection is the absence of the generalized immune activation associated with HIV infection. To define the correlates of preserved CD4(+) T cell counts in SMs, we conducted a cross-sectional immunological study of 110 naturally SIV-infected SMs. The nonpathogenic nature of the infection was confirmed by an average CD4(+) T cell count of 1,076 +/- 589/mm(3) despite chronic infection with a highly replicating virus. No correlation was found between CD4(+) T cell counts and either age (used as a surrogate marker for length of infection) or viremia. The strongest correlates of preserved CD4(+) T cell counts were a low percentage of circulating effector T cells (CD28(-)CD95(+) and/or IL-7R/CD127(-)) and a high percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. These findings support the hypothesis that the level of immune activation is a key determinant of CD4(+) T cell counts in SIV-infected SMs. Interestingly, we identified 14 animals with CD4(+) T cell counts of <500/mm(3), of which two show severe and persistent CD4(+) T cell depletion (<50/mm(3)). Thus, significant CD4(+) T cell depletion does occasionally follow SIV infection of SMs even in the context of generally low levels of immune activation, lending support to the hypothesis of multifactorial control of CD4(+) T cell homeostasis in this model of infection. The absence of AIDS in these "CD4(low)" naturally SIV-infected SMs defines a protective role of the reduced immune activation even in the context of a significant CD4(+) T cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Sumpter
- Department of Medicine and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Andrews KT, Viebig NK, Wissing F, Klatt N, Oster N, Wickert H, Knolle P, Lanzer M. A human schwannoma cell line supports the in vitro adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to chondroitin-4-sulfate. Parasitol Res 2003; 89:188-93. [PMID: 12541060 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-002-0744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2002] [Accepted: 08/30/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The paucity of human cell lines expressing defined receptors for the cytoadhesion of erythrocytes infected with the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparumhas hampered the investigation of this important virulence property. Here, we investigate a permanent cell line derived from a human, malignant schwannoma, termed HMS-97, and show that this cell line expresses chondroitin-4-sulfate as the only surface receptor to which P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes can cytoadhere. Other common receptors for parasite adhesion, including CD36, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin are absent. Thus, HMS-97 cells are a useful tool for the study of P. falciparum adhesion to chondoitin-4-sulfate, the main receptor for parasite sequestration in the placenta. As chondoitin-4-sulfate can be readily cleaved from the cells, HMS-97 cells are also an ideal system for expressing recombinant adhesion receptors and studying their function in binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Andrews
- Hygiene-Institut, Abteilung Parasitologie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Klatt N. Oncology nurses story. Prairie Rose 1997; 66:5a-6a. [PMID: 9416174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Klatt
- Altru Health System, Grand Forks, USA
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