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Logan NE, Occidental N, Watrous JNH, Lloyd KM, Raine LB, Kramer AF, Hillman CH. The complex associations between adiposity, fitness, mental wellbeing and neurocognitive function after exercise: A randomized crossover trial in preadolescent children. Prog Brain Res 2023; 283:123-165. [PMID: 38538186 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of adiposity and fitness on the preadolescent brain's response to acute exercise. In a sample of 58 children (ages 8-10; 19 females), demographic measures of age, sex, IQ, puberty, and socioeconomic status were considered. Children participated in a randomized crossover study, whereby they completed two different interventions; seated rest or treadmill walking, counterbalanced across participants. Associations between adiposity measures (standardized body mass index [BMI-Z], whole body percent fat [%Fat], visceral adipose tissue [VAT]), cardiorespiratory fitness measures (VO2max and Fat-Free VO2) were assessed on self-reported measures of mental wellbeing, and cognitive performance (response accuracy, reaction time) and neuroelectric (P3 amplitude and latency) indices of a Go/NoGo task following both exercise and rest interventions. Higher adiposity (whole-body percent fat, BMI-Z) was associated with higher trait anxiety (P's≤0.05) and disordered eating (P's≤0.05) scores. Higher fitness (VO2max) was associated with lower childhood depression scores (P=0.02). Regression analyses yielded specific post-exercise neurocognitive associations with adiposity-related (VAT, BMI-Z), and fitness-related (FF-VO2) outcomes, after controlling for post-rest neurocognitive outcomes. VAT was positively associated with post-exercise P3 ERP Latency for the Go task (P≤0.001); BMI-Z was negatively associated with P3 ERP amplitudes for the Go task (P's≤0.005); FF-VO2 was negatively associated with P3 ERP latency for the Go/NoGo task (P's≤0.05), and positively associated with NoGo task accuracy (P≤0.001). Overall, adiposity and fat-free fitness measures yield sensitive and differential associations with neurocognitive performance after exercise and after rest interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Logan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States; George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
| | - Nicole Occidental
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer N H Watrous
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Katherine M Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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