Estrutura das representações sociais da enfermagem sobre a morte decorrente da COVID-19

Introdução: Ainda que se saiba que a morte faz parte do ciclo da vida, diante de uma doença com muitos aspectos ainda desconhecidos como a COVID-19, torna-se importante compreender como os trabalhadores de enfermagem representam esse fenômeno, uma vez que são os únicos profissionais de saúde que continuam o cuidado ao indivíduo mesmo após a finitude da vida. Objetivo: analisar a estrutura das representações sociais sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 elaboradas por profissionais de enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo ancorado na vertente estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais com ênfase na Teoria do Núcleo Central, desenvolvido junto a 32 profissionais de enfermagem da cidade de Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada online mediante utilização da técnica de associação livre de palavras. Para a análise dos dados recorreu-se às análises prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: o provável núcleo central das representações foi constituído pelos termos tristeza e medo, e a composição do sistema periférico e da zona de contraste reforçam esse núcleo. Discussão: o núcleo central das representações dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 se constitui em um Themata polêmico de representação, e destaca os prejuízos à saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem da linha de frente. Conclusões: perante às representações elaboradas sobre a morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19, é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento que colaborem para a saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem.

Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for preventing occlusion in newborns with peripherally inserted central catheters: A systematic review protocol

BACKGROUND

Mechanical factors are primary complications that justify early removal of a peripherally inserted central catheter, and thrombotic catheter occlusion is the most critical mechanical complication associated with loss of device functionality. Studies have investigated these factors in adult patients, but findings are not directly applicable to newborns. Therefore, systematic reviews focusing on this population are necessary for consolidated evidence to aid clinical practice.

AIMS

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent heparin washing versus 0.9% sodium chloride solution for preventing occlusion in newborns with peripherally inserted central catheters.

METHODS

We will use the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Clinical Trial Databases for article search, without language or publication periods restrictions. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the use of intermittent heparin washing versus 0.9% sodium chloride solution in newborns with peripherally inserted central venous catheters will be included. The primary outcome will be peripherally inserted central catheter occlusion. Two reviewers will independently screen the studies, based on the inclusion criteria, extract the data for each included study and assess the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The data will be synthesized using the Review Manager software (RevMan 5.4.1). To classify the strength of the evidence of results, we will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group (GRADE). The review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021281509).

EXPECTED RESULTS

We expect that this study would reveal the best method for preventing catheter occlusion in newborns with peripherally inserted central catheters.

The use of phenomenological frameworks in Brazilian nursing research at the stricto sensu level: an overview

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the stricto sensu scientific production of Brazilian nursing that resorts to phenomenological theoretical frameworks.

METHOD

Descriptive, exploratory, and document study carried out using the CAPES catalog of theses and dissertations from January to April 2022.

RESULT

The sample included 600 dissertations and theses, with a predominance of the Heideggerian framework, followed by Schütz and Merleau-Ponty. Topics discussed included nursing care in women's health, mental health, pediatric and adolescent nursing, oncology nursing, obstetric nursing, Primary Health Care, as well as family and nursing education.

CONCLUSION

Phenomenology was found to be a powerful reference for the unveiling of the phenomena of interest to the field of nursing, contributing to the construction of knowledge about the being who cares, the being who is cared for, and the care itself.

Elements that influenced immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the elements that influenced the immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour.

METHOD

A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. A total of 105 parturient women hospitalized in two maternity hospitals with usual risk were observed. The instrument was based on Brazilian National Normal Childbirth Care Guidelines and World Health Organization good obstetric practices, totaling 36 questions. The analysis took place in a descriptive way using the Chi-Square Test for proportion comparison.

RESULTS

Of the parturient women, 2.8% (n = 3) experienced the golden hour, and 82.9% (n = 87), immediate contact between 1 and 5 minutes. In 85.7% (n = 90) of the group, there were no causes that contraindicated immediate contact. For 48.0% (n = 49) of participants, contact was re-established by the nursing staff within 31-60 minutes.

CONCLUSION

Immediate contact during the golden hour had low hospital care compliance. Neonatal procedures that can be postponed predominated as influencing elements of the golden hour. The assistance observed in the birth rooms investigated reflects the need to reduce interventions in labor and birth.

HIV serodiscordant sexual partners: social representations of health care professionals

OBJECTIVES

to understand the structure of the social representations of health professionals from HIV/AIDS Specialized Care Services about HIV-positive partners.

METHODS

this is a qualitative study, based on the structural aspect of Social Representations, developed in specialized services of the metropolitan area of a state in the Northeast Region. Fifty-one professionals were interviewed using the technique of free association of words, processed by the software IRaMuTeQ, by means of prototypical and similarity analysis.

RESULTS

the central nucleus was constituted by the terms "partnership", "love" and "fear", showing appreciation of meanings inherent to their beliefs, values and experiences that bring possibilities of reflections for health practices.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

the findings reinforce the impacts generated in the different segments of the lives of people living with HIV and in their emotional bonds. This highlights the need for the implementation of care strategies contemplating the biopsychosocial care model rather than the biological model.

Interseções entre resiliência e qualidade de vida em mulheres rurais: estudo de métodos mistos

Resumo Objetivo: analisar as interseções entre qualidade de vida e resiliência de mulheres rurais. Método: estudo de métodos mistos convergente, no qual foram triangulados um estudo quantitativo de corte transversal e um estudo qualitativo guiado pela da história oral de vida. Os dados foram concomitantemente coletados utilizando-se de um formulário sociodemográfico, da Escala de Resiliência, do Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey e mediante entrevistas abertas. A análise deu-se por estatística descritiva e inferencial e análise temática indutiva, com posterior integração. Resultados: constatou-se associação entre o domínio aspectos sociais de qualidade de vida e o grau moderado de resiliência, relacionado às características do cotidiano rural. A integração dos resultados possibilitou reconhecer que a interseção entre os dois construtos, que se influenciam mutuamente, ocorre pela mediação de fatores de proteção para resiliência elaborados pelas mulheres rurais, como a espiritualidade, a formação de redes de apoio social e os sentimentos de encantamento e pertencimento ao seu contexto. Conclusão: a partir da elaboração de fatores de proteção, as mulheres rurais desencadeiam atitudes resilientes que contribuem para sua qualidade de vida. A identificação desses fatores permite o desenvolvimento de intervenções psicossociais que podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde da mulher rural.

Referencial fenomenológico nas pesquisas brasileiras de enfermagem a nível stricto sensu: panorama brasileiro

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica stricto sensu da enfermagem brasileira que utilizou referencial fenomenológico. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de caráter documental realizado a partir do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES no período de janeiro a abril de 2022. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 600 dissertações e teses, com predomínio do referencial heideggeriano, seguido de Schütz e Merleau-ponty. As temáticas se concentraram no cuidado de enfermagem em saúde da mulher, saúde mental, enfermagem pediátrica e do adolescente, enfermagem oncológica, enfermagem obstétrica, Atenção Primária à Saúde, família, e educação em enfermagem. Conclusão: A fenomenologia se apresenta como um referencial potente para o desvelamento dos fenômenos de interesse da enfermagem, contribuindo para a construção do conhecimento sobre o ser que cuida, o ser que é cuidado e o próprio cuidado em si.

Parceiros sexuais sorodiferentes quanto ao HIV: representações sociais dos profissionais de serviços de saúde

RESUMO Objetivos: apreender a estrutura das representações sociais de profissionais de saúde dos Serviços de Assistência Especializada HIV/aids sobre os parceiros que vivem em sorodiferença quanto ao HIV. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na vertente estrutural das Representações Sociais, desenvolvido em serviços especializados da região metropolitana de um estado da Região Nordeste. Entrevistaram-se 51 profissionais com aplicação da técnica de associação livre de palavras, processadas pelo software IRaMuTeQ, mediante análise prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: o núcleo central foi constituído pelos termos “parceria”, “amor” e “medo”, evidenciando valorização de sentidos inerentes às suas crenças, valores e experiências que trazem possibilidades de reflexões para as práticas de saúde. Considerações Finais: os achados reforçam os impactos gerados nos diferentes segmentos da vida das pessoas que vivem com o HIV e em seus vínculos afetivos. Isso ressalta a necessidade da implementação de estratégias assistenciais contemplando o modelo de cuidado biopsicossocial em detrimento do modelo biológico.

Elementos Que Influenciaram No Contato Imediato Entre Mãe E Bebê Na hora dourada

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os elementos que influenciaram no contato imediato entre mãe e bebê na hora dourada. Método: Estudo observacional transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram observadas 105 parturientes internadas em duas maternidades de risco habitual. O instrumento teve como base as Diretrizes Nacionais de Assistência ao Parto Normal e as boas práticas obstétricas da Organização Mundial da Saúde, totalizando 36 questões. A análise ocorreu de forma descritiva mediante o Teste do Qui-Quadrado para comparação de proporção. Resultados: Das parturientes, 2,8% (n = 3) vivenciaram a hora dourada, e 82,9% (n = 87), o contato imediato entre 1 e 5 minutos. Em 85,7% (n = 90) do grupo, não houve causas que contraindicassem o contato imediato. Para 48,0% (n = 49) das participantes, o contato foi restabelecido pela enfermagem entre 31–60 minutos. Conclusão O contato imediato na hora dourada teve baixa adesão na assistência hospitalar. Os procedimentos neonatais passíveis de serem adiados predominaram como elementos influenciadores da hora dourada. A assistência observada nas salas de parto investigadas reflete a necessidade de reduzir as intervenções no parto e nascimento.

Intersections between rural women’s resilience and quality of life: a mixed-methods study

Objective:

to analyze the intersections between rural women’s quality of life and resilience.

Method:

convergent mixed methods design in which a cross-sectional quantitative study is triangulated with a qualitative study guided by Oral History. Data were collected concomitantly, using a socio-demographic form, Resilience Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and open-ended interviews. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics and inductive thematic analysis, which was integrated later.

Results:

an association was found between the social aspects domain of quality of life and a moderate level of resilience related to the characteristics of life in rural areas. The integration of results enabled verifying that these two constructs (which mutually influence each other) are mediated by protective factors, resilience developed by the rural women, such as spirituality and the formation of social support, enchantment, and a feeling of belonging to their context.

Conclusion:

by developing protective factors, rural women develop a resilient behavior that favors their quality of life. Identifying these factors enables the development of psychosocial interventions to promote rural women’s health.

Intersecciones entre resiliencia y calidad de vida en mujeres rurales: estudio de métodos mixtos

Resumen Objetivo: analizar las intersecciones entre calidad de vida y resiliencia en mujeres rurales. Método: estudio de métodos mixtos convergentes, en el que fueron triangulados un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal y un estudio cualitativo guiado por la historia oral de vida. Los datos fueron concomitantemente recolectados utilizando formulario: sociodemográfico de la Escala de Resiliencia y del Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; y, mediante entrevistas abiertas. El análisis se realizó con la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, y con el análisis temático inductivo, con posterior integración. Resultados: se constató asociación entre el dominio aspectos sociales de calidad de vida y el grado moderado de resiliencia, relacionado con las características de lo cotidiano rural. La integración de los resultados posibilitó reconocer que la intersección entre los dos constructos, que se influencian mutuamente, ocurre por la mediación de factores de protección para la resiliencia, elaborados por las mujeres rurales, como la espiritualidad, la formación de redes de apoyo social, y los sentimientos de encantamiento y pertenencia a su contexto. Conclusión: a partir de la elaboración de factores de protección, las mujeres rurales desencadenan actitudes resilientes que contribuyen para su calidad de vida. La identificación de esos factores permite el desarrollo de intervenciones psicosociales que pueden contribuir para la promoción de la salud de la mujer rural.

The oral ability of premature children with regard to breastfeeding under the light of the Theory of Causation

OBJECTIVE

To reflect on the repercussions of premature babies' oral ability concerning breastfeeding, under the light of the theory of causation.

METHODS

Theoretical production of reflections based on Hobbes's theory of causation.

RESULTS

The study addresses the understanding of oral abilities as the main accident regarding the capacity of the premature newborn, which, coupled with other accidents that make up the other domains, concerning breastfeeding, is an integral cause of the phenomenon.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

Although there are protocols, even if some of them are inconsistent or incomplete, the use of criteria such as weight and gestational age as standards to understand this readiness can still be observed. However, the effect manifests itself even in the absence of these accidents, showing them as partial causes of the phenomenon, while oral ability is, by itself, a necessary cause for this event to take place.

Avaliação do grau da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola em município do nordeste brasileiro

Objetivo Avaliar o grau da implantação do Programa Saúde na Escola em um município do nordeste brasileiro.Métodos Trata-se de estudo de avaliação da implantação, onde foram definidos os critérios e os parâmetros para comparação baseado nos componentes de qualidade donabediano. A coleta de dados aconteceu de maio à julho de 2017, em um município do nordeste do Brasil. Participaram 105 profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família por meio de instrumento construído a partir das normatizações do programa. Os dados foram organizados em planilhas do IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 22.0 e analisados a partir da estatística descritiva.Resultados A intervenção apresenta implantação incipiente (33,1%), classificação identificada nas dimensões estrutura (29,3%) e processo (34,8%).Conclusão O Programa Saúde na Escola possui implantação incipiente no município que remete à necessidade de aprimoramento das suas ações e recursos utilizados.

Health care in the prenatal and childbirth context from puerperal women's perspective

OBJECTIVES

to investigate puerperal women who received guidance on childbirth during prenatal care and the behaviors experienced in the labor process within the context of good obstetric practices from the perspective of puerperal women.

METHODS

a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study conducted with 203 puerperal women admitted to the shared rooms of a teaching hospital between May and July 2017 during the immediate postpartum period. For data collection, was used an instrument adapted from the hospital questionnaire for puerperal women that was developed by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation.

RESULTS

only 48.3% of puerperal women received the eight orientations regarding good obstetric practices during prenatal care, which were not experienced in the labor process, especially regarding referral and behaviors of the hospital team. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions were significant in relation to guidelines provided during prenatal care.

CONCLUSIONS

prenatal care was negatively evaluated and there was lack of compliance with good obstetric practices and non-recommended behaviors in the labor process in the maternity ward.

Syphilis Notifications and the Triggering Processes for Vertical Transmission: A Cross-Sectional Study

Syphilis is a disease that is found all over the world that causes damaging effects to the fetus through vertical transmission. This study aimed to analyze the processes that trigger the vertical transmission of syphilis through gestational and congenital syphilis notifications. It is a cross-sectional study. The sample totaled 129 notifications of syphilis in pregnant women and 132 notifications of congenital syphilis in the city of Natal, from 2011 to 2015. Data were obtained from the Information System for Disease Notification. The Chi-square, Student's and Fisher's tests were used to verify associations of interest. Diagnosis of maternal syphilis was predominant in the third trimester of pregnancy. Only 1.6% of the pregnant women were registered with an adequate treatment regimen, of these 16.3% had the concomitant treatment with their partners. Of the affected children, 78.8% were registered as asymptomatic. The factors that trigger vertical transmission are related to the late diagnosis of the pregnant woman and sexual partner(s) and the deficiencies in clinical/therapeutic management in relation to the phase of the disease. Strategies of professional training should be adopted to notify and expand the provision of information for epidemiological surveillance, aiming to strengthen care, reduce vertical transmission and enable the continuous analysis of this problem.

Strategies for the evaluation of interventions for the control of tuberculosis: integrative review

ABSTRACT Objective: Identifying the available evidence in the scientific literature about the strategies used in the evaluations of interventions for the control of tuberculosis. Method: Integrative review with searches in databases Lilacs, CINAHL and PubMed in August 2017. Thirty-three articles were selected and the theoretical referential of health assessment was used for analysis. Results: The prevalent interventions were health programs (60.7%), 69.7% focusing on results and 81.9% having quantitative character (81.9%). Final considerations: The evaluation of interventions for the control of tuberculosis is beneficial for the health services’ users and aids in the decision making of managers and health professionals.

Growth and Development of Children with Microcephaly Associated with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome in Brazil

The outbreak of Zika virus in Latin America in the period 2015–2016 has caused a sudden increase in the number of severe manifestations and reports of congenital changes in newborns in Brazil. This is the first study that evaluated and compared the growth and cognitive and motor development of children with microcephaly due to Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZS) in relation to typical children. It was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with 8 children with CZS and 16 typical children, with a mean age of 20.5 months (±2.1), in a region of northeastern Brazil. Considering the mean, children with CZS presented extremely low performance in the motor domain and in the cognitive development domain, whereas typical children presented average performance in the cognitive and motor development domains. Children with CZS presented a mean growth rate (head circumference and weight) lower than typical children. Therefore, children with CZS are at risk for growth retardation and development compared to typical children.

FATORES DE RISCO PARA SEPSE NEONATAL EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA: ESTUDO DE EVIDÊNCIA

Revisão integrativa da literatura com o objetivo de apresentar as principais evidências de fatores de risco para sepse neonatal em recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Neonatal. A busca foi realizada entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2015, nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online, SciVerse Scopus e PubMed, utilizando como descritores: fatores de risco, unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, recém-nascido e as seguintes palavras-chaves: sepse neonatal e prematuridade. A busca totalizou 31 publicações cujos resultados mostraram que os fatores preditivos para a sepse neonatal estão associados à idade gestacional, ruptura prematura das membranas amnióticas e infecção materna. Condições de nascimento, baixo peso e prematuridade são fortes evidências para sepse. Os fatores relacionados ao ambiente da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal contribuem fortemente para a sepse tardia.

Nursing diagnoses of newborns with sepsis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

OBJECTIVES

to elaborate the Nursing Diagnoses of newborns with sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit and characterize the profile of the neonates and their mothers.

METHOD

a cross-sectional and quantitative study, with a sample of 41 neonates. A physical examination and consultation of the hospital records were undertaken, using an instrument. The elaboration of the Nursing Diagnoses followed a process of diagnostic inference and was based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association 2012-2014.

RESULTS

the mothers were around 25 years old, had a low average number of pre-natal consultations, and various complications during the pregnancy; and the newborns were predominantly premature and with very low birth weights. Five Nursing Diagnoses predominated, and all the neonates presented Risk of Shock and Risk of fluid volume imbalance.

CONCLUSION

the Nursing Diagnoses of the neonates with sepsis can guide the formulating of specific assistential plans. The study contributes to the generation of new knowledge and found various relationships between the Nursing Diagnoses and the variables selected in the characterization of the neonates, which deserve to be elucidated in greater detail based on further research on the issue.

Women with cardiovascular risk after preeclampsia: is there follow-up within the Unified Health System in Brazil?

OBJECTIVES

to identify women with cardiovascular risk, five years after a pre-eclampsic episode (PE), and identify the follow-up of these women within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde--SUS), in the city of Natal/RN.

METHODS

a quantitative and exploratory study conducted at the Januário Cicco University Maternity Ward/RN. The sample consisted of 130 women, 65 with a PE episode and 65 who were normotensive.

RESULTS

we found statistical significance with regard to body mass index, weight, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular complications when comparing women with previous PE to normotensive women. The groups were unaware of their cardiovascular risk factors and, in addition, they reported difficulties in accessing primary health care (PHC) services.

CONCLUSIONS

women with a PE history are at increased risk of developing CVD, unaware of late PE complications, and lacked customized care when compared to normotensive patients.

DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM EM RECÉM-NASCIDO COM ALTERAÇÕES GLICÊMICAS

Os diagnósticos de enfermagem resultam do agrupamento de dados coletados, que permitem ao enfermeiro o estabelecimento de intervenções na saúde do paciente. Esta pesquisa quantitativa e documental objetivou identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes entre recém-nascidos com alterações glicêmicas internados em uma maternidade-escola em agosto de 2011. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem prioritários referem-se à Nutrição desequilibrada menos que as necessidades cor porais, Risco de glicemia instável, Padrão ineficaz de alimentação do bebê, Risco de crescimento desproporcional, Pater nidade ou maternidade prejudicada, Amamentação ineficaz, Troca de gases prejudicada, Amamentação interrompida e Risco de infecção. Foi observada predomínio de diagnósticos referentes ao Risco de crescimento desproporcional, Risco de infecção e Risco de glicemia instável. Ressalta-se a importância da utilização da Sistematização da Assitência de Enfermagem com o intuito de planejar o cuidado aos neonatos com distúrbios glicêmicos.

Social representations of mothers about gestational hypertension and premature birth

OBJECTIVE

To identify the meanings attributed by mothers to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) and their consequences, such as premature birth and hospitalization of the infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

METHOD

A qualitative study, based on the Central Nucleus Theory, with 70 women who had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery. We used the technique of free word association (FWAT) with three stimuli: high blood pressure during pregnancy, prematurity and NICU.

RESULTS

We obtained 1007 evocations, distributed as follows: high blood pressure during pregnancy (335) prematurity (333) and NICU (339). These constituted three thematic units: representation of HDPs, prematurity and the NICU. The categories death and negative aspects were inherent to the three units analyzed, followed by coping strategies and needs for care present in HDPs and prematurity.

CONCLUSION

The study had death as its central nucleus, and highlighted the subjective aspects present in the high risk pregnancy and postpartum cycle. It is hoped that this research will contribute to qualifying nursing care for women confronting the problem of HDPs, so that they can cope with less impacts from the adverse effects of high risk pregnancy and birth.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS ÓBITOS NEONATAIS POR INFECÇÃO RELACIONADA À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE EM UMA MATERNIDADE ESCOLA

Estudo cujo objetivo foi caracterizar os óbitos neonatais por infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de uma Maternidade Escola, no período de agosto de 2008 a junho de 2011. Os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva com frequência das variáveis, maior mortalidade foi registrada em neonatos do sexo masculino, com baixo peso ao nascer, menores índices de Apgar, nascidos de parto cesariano e com idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas. Os fatores extrínsecos estiveram relacionados ao maior tempo de hospitalização e exposição a procedimentos invasivos. As condições de nascimento dos neonatos e as intervenções assistenciais favoreceram o surgimento da infecção e, consequentemente, os óbitos, apontando a necessidade de medidas preventivas que minimizem fatores de risco evitáveis para mortalidade neonatal como resposta positiva ao serviço e à sociedade. 

[The meanings that postpartum women assign to gestational hypertension and premature birth]

The objective of this study was to understand the meanings that postpartum women assign to gestational hypertension that resulted in premature birth. Participants were 70 women, with a mean age of 28 years, 85.7% of whom delivered between the 32nd and 36th gestational week. A questionnaire with subjective questions was applied to identify the meanings of gestational hypertension and premature delivery for postpartum women. Results were analyzed based on the Theory of Social Representations. We observed the construction of a negative social representation, with death as the central nucleus and negative aspects as the peripheral nuclei. The latter derive from the risks the mother and fetus were exposed to during pregnancy and later in the postpartum period with the hospitalization of the child in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Domestic maternal experience with preterm newborn children

OBJECTIVE

Exploring maternal experience with premature newborn children in a domestic environment.

METHODS

The study was qualitative and used focus group interviews with 24 women who had had preterm deliveries in a public maternity hospital located in Northeast Brazil during June and October 2005. The mothers returned to the hospital facility at least 30 days after the newborn were discharged to share their experiences in caring for a premature infant at home.

RESULTS

Interview data was analysed for content, four thematic nuclei being identified: hospital discharge, preparing the family for discharge, caring for a premature baby at home and life changes arising from the premature birth. The greatest difficulties reported by the mothers in caring for their premature children at home were related to feeding and feelings of insecurity and fear were expressed which showed the need for a support network for the families following discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

The mothers care of premature infants at home represented changes for parents in everyday family life, work and social life, thus showing the need for a support network for them during the transition from hospital to home when considering premature children.

Representação social de pais sobre o filho prematuro na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Pesquisa qualitativaa que teve como objetivo conhecer a representação social do pai diante do filho prematuro. Os dados foram coletados no período de maio a junho de 2008 por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, junto a 17 pais cujos filhos prematuros estavam internados na UTIN de duas instituições públicas de natal-RN. Os depoimentos foram tratados e analisados com base na teoria das representações sociais (TRS). Os resultados revelaram que os pais ao estarem com seus filhos internados vivenciam emoções que são traduzidas por medo, angústia, ansiedade, solidão e se entremeiam a fé, alegria e esperança. Para o pai a UTIN representa um ambiente assustador, mas necessário aos cuidados especializados requeridos pelas condições do recém nascido prematuro.

Representações de mães sobre hospitalização do filho prematuro

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou conhecer as representações de mães sobre a hospitalização do filho prematuro na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Inclui dezoito mães de prematuros internados na UTIN de um hospital escola em Natal (RN). Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada e na análise dos dados evidenciou-se que a hospitalização do filho é representada pelas mães por significados, sentimentos, dificuldades e incertezas. Considera-se que a prematuridade representa um desafio materno desde o momento da constatação do parto pré-termo, prosseguindo com os percalços inerentes a hospitalização e requer conhecimento, escuta e diálogo dos profissionais de saúde de forma efetiva para fortalecimento da adequação materna a prematuridade.

[Maternal perception of premature birth and the experience of pre-eclampsia pregnancy]

OBJECTIVE

To analyze maternal experiences of preeclampsia pregnancy with premature birth at a neonatal intensive care unit.

METHODS

A qualitative study using the focus group technique was conducted with 28 women in a facility specialized in high-risk pregnancies in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, in 2004. Mothers included had had preeclampsia during pregnancy and a preterm delivery with consequent hospitalization of their baby at a neonatal intensive care unit. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis of three thematic nuclei subjects: information about preeclampsia during prenatal care; experiences with the preterm newborn, and their perception of neonatal intensive care unit professionals' attitudes.

RESULTS

Maternal reports showed subjects' lack of knowledge with regard to preeclampsia and its association with prematurity. Difficulties inherent to the maternal role of caring for the child in the neonatal intensive care unit were identified, accentuated by communication flaws between health professionals and users.

CONCLUSIONS

Some difficulties experienced by the mothers, in the context of preeclampsia and prematurity, were aggravated by lack or inadequacy of information provided to the users.