1
|
Richards M, Smith C, Nehlich O, Grimes V, Weston D, Mittnik A, Krause J, Dobney K, Tzedakis Y, Martlew H. Finding Mycenaeans in Minoan Crete? Isotope and DNA analysis of human mobility in Bronze Age Crete. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272144. [PMID: 35947574 PMCID: PMC9365174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We undertook a large-scale study of Neolithic and Bronze Age human mobility on Crete using biomolecular methods (isotope analysis, DNA), with a particular focus on sites dating to the Late Bronze Age (‘Late Minoan’) period. We measured the strontium and sulphur isotope values of animal remains from archaeological sites around the island of Crete to determine the local baseline values. We then measured the strontium and sulphur values of humans from Late Neolithic and Bronze Age sites. Our results indicate that most of the humans have sulphur and strontium isotope values consistent with being local to Crete, showing no evidence for a wide-scale movement of people from the Greek mainland or other areas away from Crete in these time periods. However, we found four individuals from the late Bronze Age (Late Minoan III) cemetery of Armenoi with sulphur isotope values not typically found in Crete and are instead consistent with an origin elsewhere. This cemetery at Armenoi also has one of only a few examples of the newly adopted Mycenaean Linear B script on Crete found outside of the palace sites, pointing to an influence (trade and possible migration) from the mainland, which may then be the place of origin of these four individuals. DNA (mtDNA) studies of eight Late Bronze Age individuals from Armenoi have results consistent with people living in Aegean region at this time and cannot be used to distinguish between individuals from Crete (‘Minoans’) and the Greek mainland [‘Mycenaeans’]).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Richards
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Colin Smith
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Department Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olaf Nehlich
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vaughan Grimes
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
- Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Darlene Weston
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alissa Mittnik
- Department for Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Max Planck−Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Leipzig, Germany & Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Keith Dobney
- School of School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yannis Tzedakis
- Greek Archaeological Service, Ministry of Culture, Athens, Greece
| | - Holley Martlew
- The Hellenic Archaeological Research Foundation, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borić D, Higham T, Cristiani E, Dimitrijević V, Nehlich O, Griffiths S, Alexander C, Mihailović B, Filipović D, Allué E, Buckley M. High-Resolution AMS Dating of Architecture, Boulder Artworks and the Transition to Farming at Lepenski Vir. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14221. [PMID: 30242272 PMCID: PMC6155048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The archaeological site of Lepenski Vir is widely known after its remarkable stone art sculptures that represent a unique and unprecedented case of Holocene hunter-gatherer creativity. These artworks were found largely associated with equally unique trapezoidal limestone building floors around their centrally located rectangular stone-lined hearths. A debate has raged since the discovery of the site about the chronological place of various discovered features. While over years different views from that of the excavator about the stratigraphy and chronology of the site have been put forward, some major disagreements about the chronological position of the features that make this site a key point of reference in European Prehistory persist. Despite challenges of re-analyzing the site’s stratigraphy from the original excavation records, taphonomic problems, and issues of reservoir offsets when providing radiocarbon measurements on human and dog bones, our targeted AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) dating of various contexts from this site with the application of Bayesian statistical modelling allows us to propose with confidence a new and sound chronological framework and provide formal estimates for several key developments represented in the archaeological record of Lepenski Vir that help us in understanding the transition of last foragers to first farmers in southeast Europe as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Borić
- The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, 1161 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Thomas Higham
- Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, RLAHA, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Emanuela Cristiani
- DANTE Diet and Ancient Technology Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vesna Dimitrijević
- Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, Čika Ljubina 18-20, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olaf Nehlich
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, 6303 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Seren Griffiths
- The School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | | | | | - Dragana Filipović
- Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 45, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ethel Allué
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Av. Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michael Buckley
- Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rasmussen M, Guo X, Wang Y, Lohmueller KE, Rasmussen S, Albrechtsen A, Skotte L, Lindgreen S, Metspalu M, Jombart T, Kivisild T, Zhai W, Eriksson A, Manica A, Orlando L, De La Vega FM, Tridico S, Metspalu E, Nielsen K, Ávila-Arcos MC, Moreno-Mayar JV, Muller C, Dortch J, Gilbert MTP, Lund O, Wesolowska A, Karmin M, Weinert LA, Wang B, Li J, Tai S, Xiao F, Hanihara T, van Driem G, Jha AR, Ricaut FX, de Knijff P, Migliano AB, Romero IG, Kristiansen K, Lambert DM, Brunak S, Forster P, Brinkmann B, Nehlich O, Bunce M, Richards M, Gupta R, Bustamante CD, Krogh A, Foley RA, Lahr MM, Balloux F, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Villems R, Nielsen R, Wang J, Willerslev E. An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia. Science 2011; 334:94-8. [PMID: 21940856 PMCID: PMC3991479 DOI: 10.1126/science.1211177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Rasmussen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaosen Guo
- Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirk E. Lohmueller
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Skotte
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stinus Lindgreen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thibaut Jombart
- MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Beitucheng West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Andrea Manica
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Silvana Tridico
- Ancient DNA Lab, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kasper Nielsen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - María C. Ávila-Arcos
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Undergraduate Program on Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad s/n Chamilpa 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Craig Muller
- Goldfields Land and Sea Council Aboriginal Corporation, 14 Throssell Street, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia 6430, Australia
| | - Joe Dortch
- Archaeology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Lund
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agata Wesolowska
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Monika Karmin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Bo Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shuaishuai Tai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Tsunehiko Hanihara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - George van Driem
- Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Aashish R. Jha
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - François-Xavier Ricaut
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier)–CNRS UMR 5288, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Postzone S5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Migliano
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Lambert
- Griffith School of Environment and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Søren Brunak
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Forster
- Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK
- Institute for Forensic Genetics, D-48161 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Nehlich
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Bunce
- Ancient DNA Lab, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Michael Richards
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carlos D. Bustamante
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anders Krogh
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert A. Foley
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - Marta M. Lahr
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - Francois Balloux
- MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Richard Villems
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, 23 Riia Street, 510101 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, 6 Kohtu Street, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jun Wang
- Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Genomics Center, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|