1
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Li R, Jobson BT, Wen M, Li AL, Huangfu Y, Zhang W, Hardy R, O'Keeffe P, Simpson J, Fauci M, Paden N. Anthropogenic, biogenic, and photochemical influences on surface formaldehyde and its significant decadal (2006-2017) decrease in the Lewiston-Clarkston valley of the northwestern United States. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140962. [PMID: 38104739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key carcinogen and plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Both field measurements and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) modeling have been employed to investigate the concentrations and sources of HCHO in the Lewiston-Clarkston (LC) valley of the mountainous northwestern U.S. Different instruments were deployed to measure surface formaldehyde and other related compounds in July of 2016 and 2017. The measurements reveal that the average HCHO concentrations have significantly decreased to 2-5 ppb in the LC valley in comparison to its levels (10-20 ppb) observed in July 2006. This discovery with surface measurements deserves attention given that satellite retrievals showed an increasing long-term trend from 2005 to 2014 in total vertical column density of HCHO in the region, suggesting that satellite instruments may not adequately resolve small valleys in the mountainous region. Our PMF modeling identified four major sources of HCHO in the valley: (1) emissions from a local paper mill, (2) secondary formation and background, (3) biogenic sources, and (4) traffic. This study reveals that the emissions from the paper mill cause high HCHO spikes (6-19 ppb) in the early morning. It is found that biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the area are influenced by national forests surrounding the region (e.g., Nez Perce-Clearwater, Umatilla, Wallowa-Whitman, and Idaho Panhandle National Forests). The results provide useful information for developing strategies to control HCHO levels and have implications for future HCHO studies in atmospheric chemistry, which affects secondary aerosols and ozone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Boise, ID, USA.
| | - B T Jobson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - M Wen
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - A L Li
- Boise High School, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Y Huangfu
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Boise, ID, USA
| | - R Hardy
- Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Boise, ID, USA
| | - P O'Keeffe
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - J Simpson
- Air Quality Program, Nez Perce Tribe, Lapwai, ID, USA
| | - M Fauci
- Air Quality Program, Nez Perce Tribe, Lapwai, ID, USA
| | - N Paden
- Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Boise, ID, USA
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2
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Mudrich M, LaForge AC, Ciavardini A, O'Keeffe P, Callegari C, Coreno M, Demidovich A, Devetta M, Fraia MD, Drabbels M, Finetti P, Gessner O, Grazioli C, Hernando A, Neumark DM, Ovcharenko Y, Piseri P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Ziemkiewicz MP, Möller T, Eloranta J, Pi M, Barranco M, Stienkemeier F. Ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited superfluid He nanodroplets. Nat Commun 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 31913265 PMCID: PMC6949273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation of photoexcited nanosystems is a fundamental process of light–matter interaction. Depending on the couplings of the internal degrees of freedom, relaxation can be ultrafast, converting electronic energy in a few fs, or slow, if the energy is trapped in a metastable state that decouples from its environment. Here, we study helium nanodroplets excited resonantly by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser. Despite their superfluid nature, we find that helium nanodroplets in the lowest electronically excited states undergo ultrafast relaxation. By comparing experimental photoelectron spectra with time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we unravel the full relaxation pathway: Following an ultrafast interband transition, a void nanometer-sized bubble forms around the localized excitation (He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}*) within 1 ps. Subsequently, the bubble collapses and releases metastable He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}* at the droplet surface. This study highlights the high level of detail achievable in probing the photodynamics of nanosystems using tunable XUV pulses. There is interest in understanding the relaxation mechanisms of photoexcitation in atoms, molecules and other complex systems. Here the authors unravel the photoexcitation and ultrafast relaxation of superfluid helium nanodroplets using a pump-probe experiment with FEL pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy.,CERIC-ERIC Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.,CNR-IFN, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - O Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Grazioli
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - A Hernando
- Kido Dynamics, EPFL Innovation Park Bat. C, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany.,European XFEL, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M P Ziemkiewicz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - J Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - M Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - M Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, UMR 5589, CNRS et Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, Cedex 09, 31062, France
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
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3
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O'Keeffe P, Catone D, Paladini A, Toschi F, Turchini S, Avaldi L, Martelli F, Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Del Rio Castillo AE, Bonaccorso F, Di Carlo A. Graphene-Induced Improvements of Perovskite Solar Cell Stability: Effects on Hot-Carriers. Nano Lett 2019; 19:684-691. [PMID: 30669832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hot-carriers, that is, charge carriers with an effective temperature higher than that of the lattice, may contribute to the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) shown by perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs), which are now competitive with silicon solar cells. Hot-carriers lose their excess energy in very short times, typically in a few picoseconds after excitation. For this reason, the carrier dynamics occurring on this time scale are extremely important in determining the participation of hot-carriers in the photovoltaic process. However, the stability of PSCs over time still remains an issue that calls for a solution. In this work, we demonstrate that the insertion of graphene flakes into the mesoscopic TiO2 scaffold leads to stable values of carrier temperature. In PSCs aged over 1 week, we indeed observe that in the graphene-free perovskite cells the carrier temperature decreases by about 500 K from 1800 to 1300 K, while the graphene-containing cell shows a reduction of less than 200 K after the same aging time delay. The stability of the carrier temperature reflects the stability of the perovskite nanocrystals embedded in the mesoporous graphene-TiO2 layer. Our results, based on femtosecond transient absorption measurements, show that the insertion of graphene can be beneficial for the design of stable PSCs with the aim of exploiting the hot-carrier contribution to the PCE of the PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Keeffe
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1 , Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - D Catone
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - A Paladini
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1 , Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - F Toschi
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1 , Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - S Turchini
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - L Avaldi
- CNR-ISM, Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1 , Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - F Martelli
- CNR-IMM, Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata , 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - A Agresti
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - S Pescetelli
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - A E Del Rio Castillo
- Graphene Laboratories , IIT - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - F Bonaccorso
- Graphene Laboratories , IIT - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
- BeDimensional Spa , Via Albisola 121 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - A Di Carlo
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- LASE - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy , National University of Science and Technology MISiS , Leninsky Ave. 6 , 119049 Moscow , Russia
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4
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Castrovilli MC, Trabattoni A, Bolognesi P, O'Keeffe P, Avaldi L, Nisoli M, Calegari F, Cireasa R. Ultrafast Hydrogen Migration in Photoionized Glycine. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6012-6016. [PMID: 30253105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen migration in the glycine cation has been investigated using a combination of a short train of attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses with few-optical-cycle near-infrared pulses. The yield of the photofragments produced has been measured as a function of pump-probe delay. These time-dependent measurements reveal the presence of a hydrogen migration process occurring in 48 fs. Previous mass spectrometric experiments and theoretical calculations have allowed us to identify the conformations and cation states involved in the process induced by the broad band extreme ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Castrovilli
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - A Trabattoni
- Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
- CFEL-DESY , Notkerstrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - P Bolognesi
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - P O'Keeffe
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - L Avaldi
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - M Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - F Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- CFEL-DESY , Notkerstrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Physics , University of Hamburg , 20355 Hamburg , Germany
| | - R Cireasa
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS , Université Paris Sud , 91400 Orsay, France
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5
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Catone D, Ciavardini A, Di Mario L, Paladini A, Toschi F, Cartoni A, Fratoddi I, Venditti I, Alabastri A, Proietti Zaccaria R, O'Keeffe P. Plasmon Controlled Shaping of Metal Nanoparticle Aggregates by Femtosecond Laser-Induced Melting. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5002-5008. [PMID: 30107131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show how to control the morphology of femtosecond laser melted gold nanosphere aggregates. A careful choice of both laser fluence and wavelength makes it possible to selectively excite different aggregate substructures to produce larger spherical nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanoprisms or necklace-like 1D nanostructures in which the nanoparticles are interlinked by bridges. Finite integral technique calculations have been performed on the near-field concentration of light in the nanostructures which confirm the wavelength dependence of the light concentration and suggest that the resulting localized high intensities lead to nonthermal melting. We show that by tuning the wavelength of the melting light it is possible to choose the spatial extension of the ensembles of NPs heated thus allowing us to exhibit control over the morphology of the nanostructures formed by the melting process. By a proper combination of this method with self-assembly of chemically synthesized nanoparticles, one can envisage the development of an innovative high-throughput high-resolution nanofabrication technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Catone
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - A Ciavardini
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00015 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - L Di Mario
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - A Paladini
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00015 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - F Toschi
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00015 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - A Cartoni
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00015 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
- Department of Chemistry , Università "Sapienza" , 5 Piazzale Aldo Moro , Rome , Italy
| | - I Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry , Università "Sapienza" , 5 Piazzale Aldo Moro , Rome , Italy
| | - I Venditti
- Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University , Via della Vasca Navale 79 , Rome , Italy
| | - A Alabastri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy MS 61 and Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Smalley-Curl Institute , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - R Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , Genova , 16163 , Italy
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - P O'Keeffe
- Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00015 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
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6
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LaForge AC, Stumpf V, Gokhberg K, von Vangerow J, Stienkemeier F, Kryzhevoi NV, O'Keeffe P, Ciavardini A, Krishnan SR, Coreno M, Prince KC, Richter R, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Cederbaum LS, Mudrich M. Enhanced Ionization of Embedded Clusters by Electron-Transfer-Mediated Decay in Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:203001. [PMID: 27258866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of electron-transfer-mediated decay (ETMD) involving magnesium (Mg) clusters embedded in helium (He) nanodroplets. ETMD is initiated by the ionization of He followed by removal of two electrons from the Mg clusters of which one is transferred to the He ion while the other electron is emitted into the continuum. The process is shown to be the dominant ionization mechanism for embedded clusters for photon energies above the ionization potential of He. For Mg clusters larger than five atoms we observe stable doubly ionized clusters. Thus, ETMD provides an efficient pathway to the formation of doubly ionized cold species in doped nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Stumpf
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Gokhberg
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N V Kryzhevoi
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L S Cederbaum
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Mazza T, Karamatskou A, Ilchen M, Bakhtiarzadeh S, Rafipoor AJ, O'Keeffe P, Kelly TJ, Walsh N, Costello JT, Meyer M, Santra R. Sensitivity of nonlinear photoionization to resonance substructure in collective excitation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6799. [PMID: 25854939 PMCID: PMC4403373 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective behaviour is a characteristic feature in many-body systems, important for developments in fields such as magnetism, superconductivity, photonics and electronics. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the optically nonlinear response of collective excitations. Here we demonstrate how the nonlinear interaction of a many-body system with intense XUV radiation can be used as an effective probe for characterizing otherwise unresolved features of its collective response. Resonant photoionization of atomic xenon was chosen as a case study. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory strongly supports the prediction that two distinct poles underlie the giant dipole resonance. Our results pave the way towards a deeper understanding of collective behaviour in atoms, molecules and solid-state systems using nonlinear spectroscopic techniques enabled by modern short-wavelength light sources. Electrons in atoms exhibit many-body collective behaviours that can be studied by highbrightness X-rays from FELs. Here, the authors examine two-photon above threshold ionization of xenon and find that nonlinearities in the response uncover that more than one state underpins the 4d giant resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Karamatskou
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ilchen
- 1] European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [2] Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Bakhtiarzadeh
- 1] European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A J Rafipoor
- 1] European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - T J Kelly
- School of Physical Sciences and NCPST, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - N Walsh
- School of Physical Sciences and NCPST, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - J T Costello
- School of Physical Sciences and NCPST, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Santra
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Mazza T, Ilchen M, Rafipoor AJ, Callegari C, Finetti P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, De Ninno G, Grazioli C, Ivanov R, Mahne N, Raimondi L, Svetina C, Avaldi L, Bolognesi P, Coreno M, O'Keeffe P, Di Fraia M, Devetta M, Ovcharenko Y, Möller T, Lyamayev V, Stienkemeier F, Düsterer S, Ueda K, Costello JT, Kazansky AK, Kabachnik NM, Meyer M. Determining the polarization state of an extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser beam using atomic circular dichroism. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3648. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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9
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Ovcharenko Y, Lyamayev V, Katzy R, Devetta M, LaForge A, O'Keeffe P, Plekan O, Finetti P, Di Fraia M, Mudrich M, Krikunova M, Piseri P, Coreno M, Brauer NB, Mazza T, Stranges S, Grazioli C, Richter R, Prince KC, Drabbels M, Callegari C, Stienkemeier F, Möller T. Novel collective autoionization process observed in electron spectra of He clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:073401. [PMID: 24579595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ionization dynamics of He nanodroplets irradiated with intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses of up to 1013 W/cm2 power density have been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Helium droplets were resonantly excited to atomiclike 2p states with a photon energy of 21.4 eV, below the ionization potential (Ip), and directly into the ionization continuum with 42.8 eV photons. While electron emission following direct ionization above Ip is well explained within a model based on a sequence of direct electron emission events, the resonant excitation provides evidence of a new, collective ionization mechanism involving many excited atomiclike 2p states. With increasing power density the direct photoline due to an interatomic Coulombic decay disappears. It indicates that ionization occurs due to energy exchange between at least three excited atoms proceeding on a femtosecond time scale. In agreement with recent theoretical work the novel ionization process is very efficient and it is expected to be important for many other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Lyamayev
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Katzy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Devetta
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Krikunova
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy and Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - N B Brauer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Stranges
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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10
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O'Keeffe P, Gryzlova EV, Cubaynes D, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Meyer M. Isotopically resolved photoelectron imaging unravels complex atomic autoionization dynamics by two-color resonant ionization. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:243002. [PMID: 24483651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.243002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved electron spectroscopy in coincidence with high-resolution mass spectroscopy has been applied to study two-color resonant photoionization in atomic xenon. Separation of different isotopes enabled us to extract results for the electronic dynamics free from depolarization effects, which are generally introduced by the coupling of the electronic and nuclear angular momenta. The concerted experimental and theoretical analysis of the photoelectron angular distributions in the region of an autoionizing resonance emphasizes the strong sensitivity of the observed structures to the fine details of the treatment of the underlying dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Keeffe
- CNR Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, CP10, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - E V Gryzlova
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - D Cubaynes
- ISMO, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - L Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A N Grum-Grzhimailo
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Bolognesi P, O'Keeffe P, Ovcharenko Y, Avaldi L, Carravetta V. Resonant Auger spectroscopy at the carbon and nitrogen K-edges of pyrimidine. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:154308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4704893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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O'Keeffe P, Bolognesi P, Moise A, Richter R, Ovcharenko Y, Avaldi L. Vibrationally resolved photoionization of N2 near threshold. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104307. [PMID: 22423838 DOI: 10.1063/1.3692687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed velocity map imaging spectrometer has been used to study the photoionization of molecular nitrogen near threshold. The potentialities of the spectrometer have been exploited to measure simultaneously the energy and angular distribution of the photoelectrons corresponding to the residual N(2)(+) X(2)Σ(g) v = 0-3 ion states. In a single experiment all the experimental observables, i.e., the total and partial cross sections, their branching ratios and the asymmetry parameter of the angular distributions have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Keeffe
- CNR-Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
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13
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Bolognesi P, Kivimäki A, O'Keeffe P, Feyer V, Tarantelli F, Storchi L, Avaldi L. Radiationless decay in the region of the 2t2g and 4eg resonances in SF6. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:094308. [PMID: 21384970 DOI: 10.1063/1.3559455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The S 2p Auger spectrum of SF(6) has been studied in the region of the 2t(2g) and 4e(g) resonances. The partial Auger spectra due to the ionization of the 2p spin-orbit components and of a shake-up satellite state have been measured selectively by tuning the photon energy and using the Auger electron-photoelectron coincidence technique. A detailed analysis of the Auger spectrum has also been performed using the Green's function-based second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bolognesi
- CNR-IMIP, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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14
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O'Keeffe P, Bolognesi P, Coreno M, Moise A, Richter R, Cautero G, Stebel L, Sergo R, Pravica L, Ovcharenko Y, Avaldi L. A photoelectron velocity map imaging spectrometer for experiments combining synchrotron and laser radiations. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:033109. [PMID: 21456720 DOI: 10.1063/1.3563723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A velocity map imaging/ion time-of-flight spectrometer designed specifically for pump-probe experiments combining synchrotron and laser radiations is described. The in-house built delay line detector can be used in two modes: the high spatial resolution mode and the coincidence mode. In the high spatial resolution mode a kinetic energy resolution of 6% has been achieved. The coincidence mode can be used to improve signal-to-noise ratio for the pump-probe experiments either by using a gate to count electrons only when the laser is present or by recording coincidences with the ion formed in the ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Keeffe
- CNR-IMIP, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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15
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Bolognesi P, O'Keeffe P, Ovcharenko Y, Coreno M, Avaldi L, Feyer V, Plekan O, Prince KC, Zhang W, Carravetta V. Pyrimidine and halogenated pyrimidines near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra at C and N K-edges: experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:034302. [PMID: 20649325 DOI: 10.1063/1.3442489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner shell excitation of pyrimidine and some halogenated pyrimidines near the C and N K-edges has been investigated experimentally by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and theoretically by density functional theory calculations. The selected targets, 5-Br-pyrimidine, 2-Br-pyrimidine, 2-Cl-pyrimidine, and 5-Br-2-Cl-pyrimidine, allow the effects of the functionalization of the pyrimidine ring to be studied either as a function of different halogen atoms bound to the same molecular site or as a function of the same halogen atom bound to different molecular sites. The results show that the individual characteristics of the different spectra of the substituted pyrimidines can be rationalized in terms of variations in electronic and geometrical structures of the molecule depending on the localization and the electronegativity of the substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bolognesi
- CNR-IMIP, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo 00016, Italy.
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16
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Bolognesi P, O'Keeffe P, Feyer V, Plekan O, Prince K, Coreno M, Mattioli G, Bonapasta AA, Zhang W, Carravetta V, Ovcharenko Y, Avaldi L. Inner shell excitation, ionization and fragmentation of pyrimidine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/212/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Bolognesi P, Mattioli G, O'Keeffe P, Feyer V, Plekan O, Ovcharenko Y, Prince KC, Coreno M, Amore Bonapasta A, Avaldi L. Investigation of halogenated pyrimidines by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical DFT methods. J Phys Chem A 2010; 113:13593-600. [PMID: 19929014 DOI: 10.1021/jp908512v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inner shell ionization of pyrimidine and some halogenated pyrimidines has been investigated experimentally by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and theoretically by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The selected targets-5-Br-pyrimidine, 2-Br-pyrimidine, 2-Cl-pyrimidine, and 5-Br-2-Cl-pyrimidine-allowed the study of the effect of the functionalization of the pyrimidine ring by different halogen atoms bound to the same molecular site, or by the same halogen atom bound to different molecular sites. The theoretical investigation of the inductive and resonance effects in the C(1s) ionization confirms the soundness of the resonance model for a qualitative description of the properties of an aromatic system. Moreover, the combination of the experimental results and the theoretical analysis provides a detailed description of the effects of the halogen atom on the screening of a C(1s) hole in the aromatic pyrimidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bolognesi
- CNR-IMIP and CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km. 29.300, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy.
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18
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Bolognesi P, O'Keeffe P, Avaldi L. The OCS S L3MM auger spectrum and angular distributions studied by photoelectron-auger electron coincidence experiments. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:15136-41. [PMID: 20028181 DOI: 10.1021/jp9053007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of the photoelectron-Auger electron coincidence technique has been used to isolate the S L(3)MM contribution to the L(2,3)MM Auger spectrum in OCS. In this way, a direct comparison of the energies, widths, and relative intensities of the final OCS(2+) states with theoretical calculations has been achieved. Moreover, the angular distributions of some selected Auger electrons have been measured in coincidence with the photoelectron at two different photon energies. In contrast with the results of noncoincidence measurements, the coincidence angular distributions show a significant asymmetry and a dependence on the photon energy and OCS(2+) final state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bolognesi
- CNR-IMIP, Area della Ricerca di Roma, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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19
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Abstract
The formation of high-n Rydberg atoms from the neutral dissociation of superexcited states of I(2) formed by resonant two-photon excitation of molecular iodine using an ArF laser has been investigated. The high-n Rydberg atoms I* are formed by predissociation of the optically excited molecular Rydberg states I*(2)[R(B (2)Sigma(g) (+))] converging on the I(2) (+)(B (2)Sigma(g) (+)) state of the ion. Measurement of the kinetic energy release of the Rydberg I* fragments allowed the identification of the asymptotic channels as I*[R((3)P(J))]+I((2)P(32)), where the I*[R((3)P(J))] are Rydberg atoms converging on the I(+)((3)P(J)) states of the ion with J=2, 1, and 0. In the case of the I*[R((3)P(2))] fragments, the average Rydberg lifetime is observed to be 325+/-25 micros. Based on experiments on the variation of the Rydberg atom signal with the field ionizing strength, the distribution of Rydberg levels peaks at about 25-50 cm(-1) below the ionization limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Keeffe
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Rome I-00185, Italy
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20
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Lai SE, Minnelly L, O'Keeffe P, Rademaker A, Patel J, Bennett CL, Lacouture ME. Influence of skin color in the development of erlotinib-induced rash: A report from the SERIES clinic. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9127 Background: A papulopustular reaction occurs in 68–75% of patients undergoing treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib, necessitating dose modification or interruption in 14% and 12% of patients, respectively. Based on preclinical data showing that EGFR inhibition in the skin may potentiate the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, sun protection is generally advocated. Because the level of melanin, a biological pigment in the epidermis, correlates with increased intrinsic protection against the harmful effects of UVR, we hypothesized that lower levels of skin pigmentation would be associated with higher frequency and severity of erlotinib rash. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 42 patients undergoing erlotinib therapy to characterize the relationship between skin sensitivity to UVR and severity of EGFR inhibitor rash. Skin sensitivity to UVR was categorized using the Fitzpatrick skin phototype (SPT) classification scheme, and individuals were grouped in phototypes I/II, III/IV, and V/VI. Grading of rash was performed using the NCI-CTC criteria version 2.0 and 3.0. Results: Patients with SPT I/II developed rash grades 0 (6%), 1/2 (31%), and 3/4 (63%), whereas patients with skin phototype III/IV had rash grade 0 (26%), 1/2 (68%), and 3/4 (5%). Patients with SPT V/VI had rash grade 0 (43%), 1/2 (57%), and 3/4 (0%). Lower skin phototypes had higher grade rash (p=0.0006 by Fisher's exact test). Conclusions: Management of cutaneous side effects from EGFR inhibitors is important in order to achieve maximal patient compliance and anti-cancer therapeutic benefit, and the correlation between rash and survival underscores maintaining patients on therapy. The results of this study suggest that SPT may be an independent predictive factor for EGFR inhibitor-induced skin toxicities, thus impacting pre-therapy counseling and early intervention. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Lai
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Minnelly
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - P. O'Keeffe
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - A. Rademaker
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Patel
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - C. L. Bennett
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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21
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Aloïse S, O'Keeffe P, Cubaynes D, Meyer M, Grum-Grzhimailo AN. Photoionization of synchrotron-radiation-excited atoms: separating partial cross sections by full polarization control. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:223002. [PMID: 16090387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.223002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Resonant atomic excitation by synchrotron radiation and subsequent ionization by a tunable dye laser is used to study the photoionization of short-lived Rydberg states in Xe. By combining circular and linear polarization of the synchrotron as well as of the laser photons the partial photoionization cross sections were separated in the region of overlapping autoionizing resonances of different symmetry and the parameters of the resonances were extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aloïse
- LURE, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 209D, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
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22
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Evans ACO, O'Keeffe P, Mihm M, Roche JF, Macmillan KL, Boland MP. Effect of oestradiol benzoate given after prostaglandin at two stages of follicle wave development on oestrus synchronisation, the LH surge and ovulation in heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2003; 76:13-23. [PMID: 12559717 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(02)00238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oestrus synchronization following prostaglandin-induced luteolysis is variable and dependent on follicle wave status in cattle. Oestradiol benzoate (ODB) has been used following prostaglandin to reduce the interval to oestrus and ovulation, but the effect of follicle wave status at the time of ODB administration is not clear. The aim of this study was to characterize the endocrine and follicular responses following ODB after luteolysis at different stages of the follicle wave. Prostaglandin was administered at either emergence or dominance of the second follicle wave. Twenty-four hours later animals received either 0.5mg ODB in oil or a control oil injection. Follicular development was monitored daily by ultrasonography, oestrous behavior was determined and blood samples were collected. In animals treated with ODB at emergence, there was a reduction (P<0.05) in the maximum diameter of the ovulatory follicle (11.7+/-1.2 mm versus 13.1+/-0.1 mm) and in the interval from prostaglandin to oestrus (52.0+/-2.3 h versus 88.0+/-9.6h), to the LH surge (53.3+/-3.5 h versus 89.1+/-6.5 h) and to ovulation (96+/-0.0 h versus 129.6+/-9.6h), compared with controls. In animals treated with ODB at dominance, there was a reduction (P<0.05) in the interval from prostaglandin to the LH surge (54.0+/-3.1 h versus 70.9+/-4.8 h), but not in the interval from prostaglandin to oestrus (53.3+/-2.7 h versus 65.7+/-4.5 h; P=0.11), to ovulation (96.0+/-0.0 h versus 110.4+/-4.8 h; P=0.12) or the maximum diameter of the ovulatory follicle (12.7+/-0.3 mm versus 13.6+/-0.4 mm; P=0.12), compared with controls. Treatment did not affect (P>0.05) the length of the subsequent oestrous cycle or corpus luteum size. In conclusion, the use of ODB advanced, but did not alter the temporal relationships among oestrus, the LH surge and ovulation, regardless of stage of follicle development at treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C O Evans
- Department of Animal Science and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, The Center for Integrative Biology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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23
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Brouard M, Burak I, Marinakis S, Minayev D, O'Keeffe P, Vallance C, Aoiz FJ, Bañares L, Castillo JF, Zhang DH, Xie D, Yang M, Lee SY, Collins MA. Cross section for the H+H2O abstraction reaction: experiment and theory. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:093201. [PMID: 12689220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The absolute value of the cross section for the abstraction reaction between fast H atoms and H2O has been determined experimentally at a mean collision energy of 2.46 eV. The OH population distribution at the same mean energy has also been determined. The new measurements are compared with state-of-the-art quantum mechanical and quasiclassical scattering calculations on the most recently developed potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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24
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O'Keeffe P, Aloïse S, Meyer M, Grum-Grzhimailo AN. Circular polarization of ion fluorescence completing the analysis of resonant Xe* 4d(-1)(5/2)6p Auger decay. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:023002. [PMID: 12570543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The relative contributions of the partial electron waves emitted in the Auger decay of the Xe* 4d(-1)(5/2)6p(J(*)=1) resonance have been determined by fluorescence polarimetry after excitation with circularly polarized synchrotron radiation. The analysis of circularly polarized fluorescence of the photoion leads to an independent determination of the orientation parameters for all states of the Xe II 5p(4)6p multiplet. The present study provides, in combination with data on the angular distribution and spin polarization of the Auger electrons, complete quantum mechanical information on the resonant Auger decay, i.e., branching ratios and relative phases of the Auger decay amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Keeffe
- L.U.R.E., Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 209D, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
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25
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Brouard M, O'Keeffe P, Joseph DM, Minayev D. NO rotational orientation following 308 nm photodissociation of NO2. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:2249-2252. [PMID: 11289901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The rotational angular momentum orientation and alignment of the NO fragments generated via linearly polarized 308 nm photodissociation of NO2 has been determined using laser induced fluorescence. By observing the dependence of the photofragment NO Doppler-resolved transition line shapes on experimental geometry, it has proved possible to determine multipole moments of the photofragment angular momentum distribution up to, and including, rank 3. The implications of the results for the mechanism of the dissociation are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
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Lewis BR, Gibson ST, O'Keeffe P, Ridley T, Lawley KP, Donovan RJ. Observation of completely destructive quantum interference between interacting resonances in molecular predissociation. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:1478-1481. [PMID: 11290172 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A unique observation is presented of interacting predissociating resonances which exhibit completely destructive interference in a region between the resonances. The use of a double-resonance technique, in which single rotational levels of the b (1)Sigma(+)(g) state of O2, prepared by pumping the magnetic-dipole b <--X transition, are probed by (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton-ionization spectroscopy, eliminates overlapping rotational structure and enables observation of the interference process. Using a diabatic coupled-channel model, the interacting resonances are shown to be derived from the d (1)Pi(g)(v = 3,J = 17) Rydberg and II (1)Delta(g)(v = 6,J = 17) valence states.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Lewis
- Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Holt PG, O'Keeffe P, Holt BJ, Upham JW, Baron-Hay MJ, Suphioglu C, Knox B, Stewart GA, Thomas WR, Sly PD. T-cell "priming" against environmental allergens in human neonates: sequential deletion of food antigen reactivity during infancy with concomitant expansion of responses to ubiquitous inhalant allergens. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995; 6:85-90. [PMID: 7581725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.1995.tb00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The study below comprises prospective analysis of patterns of allergen-specific T-cell reactivity in a cohort of 23 children bled at regular intervals from 6-10 weeks to 2 years of age, together with cross sectional studies on panels of cord and adult blood samples. The results indicate reciprocal patterns of responses to dietary and inhalant allergens, the former being frequent in infancy but rare in adults, whereas the latter are preserved and expand between infancy and adulthood. These findings are consistent with a recently proposed model for the development of immunity to environmental allergens which involves allergen-driven T-cell "selection" during early life leading to deletion of food allergen-specific T-cells via the induction of specific anergy, with concomitant selection and ultimately expansion of mutually exclusive TH-1-like or TH-2-like reactivity to inhalant allergens via Immune Deviation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Holt
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia
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