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Rosenbaum S, Morell R, Abdel-Baki A, Ahmadpanah M, Anilkumar TV, Baie L, Bauman A, Bender S, Boyan Han J, Brand S, Bratland-Sanda S, Bueno-Antequera J, Camaz Deslandes A, Carneiro L, Carraro A, Castañeda CP, Castro Monteiro F, Chapman J, Chau JY, Chen LJ, Chvatalova B, Chwastiak L, Corretti G, Dillon M, Douglas C, Egger ST, Gaughran F, Gerber M, Gobbi E, Gould K, Hatzinger M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Hoodbhoy Z, Imboden C, Indu PS, Iqbal R, Jesus-Moraleida FR, Kondo S, Ku PW, Lederman O, Lee EHM, Malchow B, Matthews E, Mazur P, Meneghelli A, Mian A, Morseth B, Munguia-Izquierdo D, Nyboe L, O’Donoghue B, Perram A, Richards J, Romain AJ, Romaniuk M, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Sarno M, Schuch F, Schweinfurth N, Stubbs B, Uwakwe R, Van Damme T, Van Der Stouwe E, Vancampfort D, Vetter S, Waterreus A, Ward PB. Assessing physical activity in people with mental illness: 23-country reliability and validity of the simple physical activity questionnaire (SIMPAQ). BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:108. [PMID: 32143714 PMCID: PMC7060599 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a key contributor to the global burden of disease and disproportionately impacts the wellbeing of people experiencing mental illness. Increases in physical activity are associated with improvements in symptoms of mental illness and reduction in cardiometabolic risk. Reliable and valid clinical tools that assess physical activity would improve evaluation of intervention studies that aim to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in people living with mental illness. METHODS The five-item Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) was developed by a multidisciplinary, international working group as a clinical tool to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people living with mental illness. Patients with a DSM or ICD mental illness diagnoses were recruited and completed the SIMPAQ on two occasions, one week apart. Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer and completed brief cognitive and clinical assessments. RESULTS Evidence of SIMPAQ validity was assessed against accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity. Data were obtained from 1010 participants. The SIMPAQ had good test-retest reliability. Correlations for moderate-vigorous physical activity was comparable to studies conducted in general population samples. Evidence of validity for the sedentary behaviour item was poor. An alternative method to calculate sedentary behaviour had stronger evidence of validity. This alternative method is recommended for use in future studies employing the SIMPAQ. CONCLUSIONS The SIMPAQ is a brief measure of physical activity and sedentary behaviour that can be reliably and validly administered by health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rosenbaum
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R. Morell
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Abdel-Baki
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Ahmadpanah
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - T. V. Anilkumar
- grid.413226.00000 0004 1799 9930Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India
| | - L. Baie
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A. Bauman
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Bender
- LWL-Klinik Marsberg, Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Marsberg, Germany
| | - J. Boyan Han
- grid.253561.60000 0001 0806 2909California State University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S. Brand
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy ,grid.477714.60000 0004 0587 919XThe Sutherland Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Notodden, Norway
| | - J. Bueno-Antequera
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - A. Camaz Deslandes
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XPsychiatry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L. Carneiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, GERON Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A. Carraro
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - C. P. Castañeda
- Early Intervention Program, JHorwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Castro Monteiro
- grid.8532.c0000 0001 2200 7498Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J. Chapman
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J. Y. Chau
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - L. J. Chen
- grid.445057.7Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B. Chvatalova
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - L. Chwastiak
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - G. Corretti
- Department of Mental Health, North-West Tuscany, Italy
| | - M. Dillon
- HSE Louth Meath Mental Health Services, Louth, Ireland
| | - C. Douglas
- South Coast Private Hospital, Wollongong, Australia
| | - S. T. Egger
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. Gaughran
- grid.451052.70000 0004 0581 2008South London and Maudesley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Gerber
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - E. Gobbi
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K. Gould
- grid.460013.0St John of God Hospital, North Richmond, Australia
| | - M. Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - E. Holsboer-Trachsler
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Z. Hoodbhoy
- grid.7147.50000 0001 0633 6224Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - C. Imboden
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland ,Private Clinic Wyss, Muenchenbuchsee, Switzerland
| | - P. S. Indu
- grid.413226.00000 0004 1799 9930Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India
| | - R. Iqbal
- grid.7147.50000 0001 0633 6224Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F. R. Jesus-Moraleida
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - S. Kondo
- grid.412708.80000 0004 1764 7572Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Ku
- grid.412038.c0000 0000 9193 1222Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - O. Lederman
- grid.477714.60000 0004 0587 919XKeeping the Body In Mind, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - E. H. M. Lee
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - B. Malchow
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E. Matthews
- grid.24349.380000000106807997School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - P. Mazur
- LWL-Klinik Marsberg, Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Marsberg, Germany
| | - A. Meneghelli
- Association of early intervention in mental disorders-Cambiare la Rotta-Onlus, Milano, Italy
| | - A. Mian
- grid.7147.50000 0001 0633 6224Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - B. Morseth
- grid.10919.300000000122595234School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D. Munguia-Izquierdo
- grid.15449.3d0000 0001 2200 2355Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - L. Nyboe
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XDepartment of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B. O’Donoghue
- grid.488501.0Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A. Perram
- grid.267827.e0000 0001 2292 3111Faculty of Health, Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J. Richards
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A. J. Romain
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Romaniuk
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders and Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - D. Sadeghi Bahmani
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.477714.60000 0004 0587 919XThe Sutherland Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Sarno
- Association of early intervention in mental disorders-Cambiare la Rotta-Onlus, Milano, Italy
| | - F. Schuch
- grid.411239.c0000 0001 2284 6531Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - N. Schweinfurth
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B. Stubbs
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, England
| | - R. Uwakwe
- grid.412207.20000 0001 0117 5863Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - T. Van Damme
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Van Der Stouwe
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - D. Vancampfort
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Vetter
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Waterreus
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - P. B. Ward
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia ,grid.429098.eSchizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
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