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Sadlon A, Takousis P, Evangelou E, Prokopenko I, Alexopoulos P, Udeh-Momoh CM, Price G, Middleton L, Perneczky R. Association of Blood MicroRNA Expression and Polymorphisms with Cognitive and Biomarker Changes in Older Adults. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:230-240. [PMID: 38230736 PMCID: PMC10994991 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying individuals before the onset of overt symptoms is key in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES Investigate the use of miRNA as early blood-biomarker of cognitive decline in older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Two observational cohorts (CHARIOT-PRO, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)). PARTICIPANTS 830 individuals without overt clinical symptoms from CHARIOT-PRO and 812 individuals from ADNI. MEASUREMENTS qPCR analysis of a prioritised set of 38 miRNAs in the blood of individuals from CHARIOT-PRO, followed by a brain-specific functional enrichment analysis for the significant miRNAs. In ADNI, genetic association analysis for polymorphisms within the significant miRNAs' genes and CSF levels of phosphorylated-tau, total-tau, amyloid-β42, soluble-TREM2 and BACE1 activity using whole genome sequencing data. Post-hoc analysis using multi-omics datasets. RESULTS Six miRNAs (hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-144-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-29c-3p and hsa-miR-363-3p) were downregulated in the blood of individuals with low cognitive performance on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The pathway enrichment analysis indicated involvement of apoptosis and inflammation, relevant in early AD stages. Polymorphisms within genes encoding for hsa-miR-29c-3p and hsa-miR-146a-5p were associated with CSF levels of amyloid-β42, soluble-TREM2 and BACE1 activity, and 21 variants were eQTL for hippocampal MIR29C expression. CONCLUSIONS six miRNAs may serve as potential blood biomarker of subclinical cognitive deficits in AD. Polymorphisms within these miRNAs suggest a possible interplay between the amyloid cascade and microglial activation at preclinical stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sadlon
- Prof. Dr. Robert Perneczky, Division of Mental Health of Older Adults, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany, Tel.: +49 89 4400 55772, Fax: +49 89 4400-55448,
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Alexopoulos P, Symeonidis C, Rotsos T. Alström's Syndrome, Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, or Retinitis Pigmentosa? A Case of Misdiagnosis. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2023; 2023:9409036. [PMID: 38022732 PMCID: PMC10667052 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9409036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of a patient with the Alström syndrome (AS) that was misdiagnosed as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy or retinitis pigmentosa for 13 years is presented. AS is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene. AS may lead to abnormal ciliary formation and function. AS affects metabolism, and symptomatology includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hypogonadism and gynecomastia in males, progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, cardiomyopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and chronic progressive kidney disease. The onset of the above symptoms may vary significantly. The ophthalmic manifestation is early onset cone-rod dystrophy that starts as progressive vision loss, photophobia, and nystagmus in the first months of life. An accurate diagnosis may enable specialists to facilitate a significantly positive effect in the everyday life of a patient. Genetic counseling may also be recommended for these patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by DNA testing, thus highlighting its necessity in everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysanthos Symeonidis
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, 154, Mesogion Av., 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Tryfon Rotsos
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, 154, Mesogion Av., 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Fernandes AG, Alexopoulos P, Burgos-Rodriguez A, Martinez MI, Ghassibi M, Leskov I, Brent LJN, Snyder-Mackler N, Danias J, Wollstein G, Higham JP, Melin AD. Age-Related Differences in Ocular Features of a Naturalistic Free-Ranging Population of Rhesus Macaques. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:3. [PMID: 37261386 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are the premier nonhuman primate model for studying human health and disease. We investigated if age was associated with clinically relevant ocular features in a large cohort of free-ranging rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. Methods We evaluated 120 rhesus macaques (73 males, 47 females) from 0 to 29 years old (mean ± SD: 12.6 ± 6.4) from September to December 2021. The ophthalmic evaluation included intraocular pressure (IOP) assessment, corneal pachymetry, biomicroscopy, A-scan biometry, automated refraction, and fundus photography after pupil dilation. The associations of age with the outcomes were investigated through multilevel mixed-effects models adjusted for sex and weight. Results On average, IOP, pachymetry, axial length, and automated refraction spherical equivalent were 18.37 ± 4.68 mmHg, 474.43 ± 32.21 µm, 19.49 ± 1.24 mm, and 0.30 ± 1.70 diopters (D), respectively. Age was significantly associated with pachymetry (β coefficient = -1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.27 to -0.14; P = 0.026), axial length (β coefficient = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05; P = 0.002), and spherical equivalent (β coefficient = -0.12; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.02; P = 0.015). No association was detected between age and IOP. The prevalence of cataracts in either eye was 10.83% (95% CI, 6.34-17.89) and was significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.36; P = 0.004). Retinal drusen in either eye was observed in 15.00% (95% CI, 9.60-22.68) of animals, which was also significantly associated with age (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27; P = 0.020). Conclusions Rhesus macaques exhibit age-related ocular associations similar to those observed in human aging, including decreased corneal thickness, increased axial length, myopic shift, and higher prevalence of cataract and retinal drusen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Fernandes
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Palaiologos Alexopoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Armando Burgos-Rodriguez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Melween I Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
- Cayo Biobank Research Unit, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mark Ghassibi
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Ilya Leskov
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Cayo Biobank Research Unit, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Research in Animal Behavior, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Cayo Biobank Research Unit, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - John Danias
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - James P Higham
- Cayo Biobank Research Unit, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Anthropology, New York University College of Arts & Science, New York, New York, United States
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cayo Biobank Research Unit, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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4
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Alexopoulos P, Glidai Y, Ghassabi Z, Wang B, Tayebi B, Vellappally A, Wu M, Liu M, Lucy-Jones K, Zambrano R, Ishikawa H, Schuman JS, Wollstein G. Under Pressure: Lamina Cribrosa Pore Path Tortuosity in Response to Acute Pressure Modulation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 37017959 PMCID: PMC10082387 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lamina cribrosa (LC) deformation is hypothesized to play a major role in glaucoma pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine in vivo how varying intraocular pressure (IOP) under fixed intracranial pressure (ICP), and vice versa, deforms the pore paths throughout the LC volume. Methods Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans of the optic nerve head were acquired from healthy adult rhesus monkeys under different pressures. IOP and ICP were controlled with gravity-based perfusion systems into the anterior chamber and lateral ventricle, respectively. IOP and ICP were modulated from baseline to high (19-30 mmHg) and highest (35-50 mmHg) levels while maintaining a fixed ICP of 8 to 12 mmHg and IOP of 15 mmHg, respectively. After three-dimensional registration and segmentation, the paths of pores visible in all settings were tracked based on their geometric centroids. Pore path tortuosity was defined as the measured distance divided by the minimal distance between the most anterior and posterior centroids. Results The median pore tortuosity at baseline varied among the eyes (range, 1.16-1.68). For the IOP effect under fixed ICP (six eyes, five animals), two eyes showed statistically significant increased tortuosity and one showed a decrease (P < 0.05, mixed-effects model). No significant change was detected in three eyes. When modulating ICP under fixed IOP (five eyes, four animals), a similar response pattern was detected. Conclusions Baseline pore tortuosity and the response to acute pressure increase vary substantially across eyes. Translational Relevance LC pore path tortuosity could be associated with glaucoma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoav Glidai
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeinab Ghassabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- UPMC Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Behnam Tayebi
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anse Vellappally
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengfei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie Lucy-Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University College of Arts and Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University College of Arts and Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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Vantarakis A, Fotini Tsami F, Kanellopoulou A, Alexopoulou-Prounia L, Tsapara A, Alexopoulos P, Katsadoros K. Impact of COVID-19 on University Students’ Quality of life and mental health in Greece. Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9594658 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has a serious impact on people’s physical health and mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an increasing deterioration of university students’ quality of life and mental health due to several factors. The COVID-19 pandemic forced university students to take online classes, which may have bad impacts on students’ learning. In addition, the students lost many job opportunities during the pandemic. Faced with employment and study pressure and worried about the epidemic, university students were prone to increased overall negative emotion, anxiety and depression. Our study aims to conduct a timely assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life and mental health of University students. We conducted a cross sectional study using an online interview survey in students at public universities in Greece to better understand the effects of the pandemic on their quality of life and mental health. Three questionnaires were used (WHOQOL-BREF, IES-R and HADS). The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS 26. 1.266 university students from public Greek Universities participated in the study, 73.1% of which were female, 26,3% were male. We observed that 55,8% had a score lower in psychological domain and 52,3% in social domain of WHOQOL-BREF. Also 46.6% of the respondents had a score of 37+ on the IES-R questionnaire, 45% of the respondents had abnormal results regarding anxiety and 33.6% had abnormal results regarding depression. Due to the long-lasting pandemic and onerous measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on University education and quality of life of students. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the quality of life and mental health of University students. Key messages • There is a need for preventative measures for university students to ensure that their mental health and quality of life do not suffer. • Female students reached higher levels of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vantarakis
- Medical School, University of Patras Public Health, , Patras, Greece
| | - F Fotini Tsami
- Medical School, University of Patras Public Health, , Patras, Greece
| | - A Kanellopoulou
- Medical School, University of Patras Public Health, , Patras, Greece
| | | | - A Tsapara
- Medical School, University of Patras Public Health, , Patras, Greece
| | - P Alexopoulos
- Psychiatric Clinic, Medical School, University of Patras , Patras, Greece
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Alexopoulos P, Madu C, Wollstein G, Schuman JS. The Development and Clinical Application of Innovative Optical Ophthalmic Imaging Techniques. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:891369. [PMID: 35847772 PMCID: PMC9279625 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.891369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of ophthalmic imaging has grown substantially over the last years. Massive improvements in image processing and computer hardware have allowed the emergence of multiple imaging techniques of the eye that can transform patient care. The purpose of this review is to describe the most recent advances in eye imaging and explain how new technologies and imaging methods can be utilized in a clinical setting. The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) was a revolution in eye imaging and has since become the standard of care for a plethora of conditions. Its most recent iterations, OCT angiography, and visible light OCT, as well as imaging modalities, such as fluorescent lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, would allow a more thorough evaluation of patients and provide additional information on disease processes. Toward that goal, the application of adaptive optics (AO) and full-field scanning to a variety of eye imaging techniques has further allowed the histologic study of single cells in the retina and anterior segment. Toward the goal of remote eye care and more accessible eye imaging, methods such as handheld OCT devices and imaging through smartphones, have emerged. Finally, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in eye images has the potential to become a new milestone for eye imaging while also contributing in social aspects of eye care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaiologos Alexopoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chisom Madu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts & Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts & Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Glidai Y, Lucy KA, Schuman JS, Alexopoulos P, Wang B, Wu M, Liu M, Vande Geest JP, Kollech HG, Lee T, Ishikawa H, Wollstein G. Microstructural Deformations Within the Depth of the Lamina Cribrosa in Response to Acute In Vivo Intraocular Pressure Modulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:25. [PMID: 35604666 PMCID: PMC9150833 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lamina cribrosa (LC) is a leading target for initial glaucomatous damage. We investigated the in vivo microstructural deformation within the LC volume in response to acute IOP modulation while maintaining fixed intracranial pressure (ICP). Methods In vivo optic nerve head (ONH) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans (Leica, Chicago, IL, USA) were obtained from eight eyes of healthy adult rhesus macaques (7 animals; ages = 7.9-14.4 years) in different IOP settings and fixed ICP (8-12 mm Hg). IOP and ICP were controlled by cannulation of the anterior chamber and the lateral ventricle of the brain, respectively, connected to a gravity-controlled reservoir. ONH images were acquired at baseline IOP, 30 mm Hg (H1-IOP), and 40 to 50 mm Hg (H2-IOP). Scans were registered in 3D, and LC microstructure measurements were obtained from shared regions and depths. Results Only half of the eyes exhibited LC beam-to-pore ratio (BPR) and microstructure deformations. The maximal BPR change location within the LC volume varied between eyes. BPR deformer eyes had a significantly higher baseline connective tissue volume fraction (CTVF) and lower pore aspect ratio (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively) compared to BPR non-deformer. In all eyes, the magnitude of BPR changes in the anterior surface was significantly different (either larger or smaller) from the maximal change within the LC (H1-IOP: P = 0.02 and H2-IOP: P = 0.004). Conclusions The LC deforms unevenly throughout its depth in response to IOP modulation at fixed ICP. Therefore, analysis of merely the anterior LC surface microstructure will not fully capture the microstructure deformations within the LC. BPR deformer eyes have higher CTVF than BPR non-deformer eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Glidai
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Katie A. Lucy
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York, New York, United States,Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Bo Wang
- UPMC Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mengfei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States,Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States,Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Vande Geest
- UPMC Eye Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hirut G. Kollech
- Computational Modeling and Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - TingFang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States,Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States,Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, New York, United States
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Sainulabdeen A, Glidai Y, Wu M, Liu M, Alexopoulos P, Ishikawa H, Schuman JS, Wollstein G. 3D Microstructure of the Healthy Non-Human Primate Lamina Cribrosa by Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:15. [PMID: 35435922 PMCID: PMC9034718 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lamina cribrosa (LC) has an important role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. The purpose of this study is to characterize in vivo, noninvasively, and in 3D the structure of the LC in healthy non-human primates (NHPs). Methods Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT; Leica, Chicago, IL) scans of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained from healthy adult rhesus macaques monkeys. Using a previously reported semi-automated segmentation algorithm, microstructure measurements were assessed in central and peripheral regions of an equal area, in quadrants and depth-wise. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare parameters among regions, adjusting for visibility, age, analyzable depth, graded scan quality, disc area, and the correlation between eyes. Spearmen's rank correlation coefficients were calculated for assessing the association between the lamina's parameters. Results Sixteen eyes of 10 animals (7 males and 3 females; 9 OD, 7 OS) were analyzed with a mean age of 10.5 ± 2.1 years. The mean analyzable depth was 175 ± 37 µm, with average LC visibility of 25.4 ± 13.0% and average disc area of 2.67 ± 0.45mm2. Within this volume, an average of 74.9 ± 39.0 pores per eye were analyzed. The central region showed statistically significantly thicker beams than the periphery. The quadrant-based analysis showed significant differences between the superior and inferior quadrants. The anterior LC had smaller beams and pores than both middle and posterior lamina. Conclusions Our study provides in vivo microstructure details of NHP's LC to be used as the foundation for future studies. We demonstrated mostly small but statistically significant regional variations in LC microstructure that should be considered when comparing LC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoav Glidai
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengfei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA,Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA,Center for Neural Science, NYU, New York, NY, USA
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Skamnia E, Economou P, Bersimis S, Frouda M, Politis A, Alexopoulos P. Hot spot identification method based on Andrews curves: an application on the COVID-19 crisis effects on caregiver distress in neurocognitive disorder. J Appl Stat 2022; 50:2388-2407. [PMID: 37554661 PMCID: PMC10405769 DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2021.2022607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and locating areas - hot spots - that present high concentration of observations in a high-dimensional data set is crucial in many data processing and analysis methods and techniques, since observations that belong to the same hot spot share information and behave in a similar way. A useful tool towards that aim is the reduction of the data dimensionality and the graphical representation of them. In the present paper, a new method to identify and locate hot spots is proposed, based on the Andrews curves. Simulations results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, which is also applied to a high-dimensional data set, regarding caregiver distress related to symptoms of people with neurocognitive disorder and to the mental effects of the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Skamnia
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Rio Achaia, Greece
| | - P. Economou
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Rio Achaia, Greece
| | - S. Bersimis
- Department of Statistics and Insurance Science, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - M. Frouda
- Patras Dementia Day Care Center, Corporation for Succor and Care of Elderly and Disabled – FRODIZO, Patras, Greece
| | - A. Politis
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P. Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Patras University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Psychogeriatric Unit for Neurocognitive Assessment and Caregiver Counselling, Patras Office of the Hellenic Red Cross, Patras, Greece
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Droutsas K, Alexopoulos P, Giachos I, Giallouros E, Sekundo W, Lazaridis A. Secondary DMEK following failed primary DMEK. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3287-3293. [PMID: 34076784 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the outcomes of secondary Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) performed for failed primary DMEK. METHODS The medical records of all patients undergoing secondary DMEK due to failure of primary DMEK were reviewed. Reasons for failure were sought and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (ECD) and complications of secondary DMEK were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 10 cases undergoing secondary DMEK following failed primary DMEK were identified. Presumed reasons for failure included donor ECD ≤ 2300 cells/mm2 (n = 4), difficulty during graft preparation (n = 2), graft detachment (n = 2), acute angle closure due to retroiridal air dislocation (n = 1), inverse graft positioning (n = 1) and phacoemulsification (n = 1). Eyes with low visual potential were not excluded from the study group. We should note that one patient (case no7) had both low ECD and graft detachment as reasons for failure and as a result he is counted twice. Median BCVA (decimal fraction) increased from 0.1 (range, 0.01; 0.3) to 0.5 (0.05; 1.0) at one month and remained stable thereafter. A BCVA of 0.5 or higher was achieved in 7 cases at the final follow-up. Mean ECD fell from 2628 ± 284 cells/mm2 to 1391 ± 252cells/mm2 at 6 months (47% reduction) and 959 ± 225cells/mm2 at 24 months (64% reduction) (P ≤ 0.028). Complications included the incomplete removal of the primary graft and mild iris bleeding, decompensation of a preexisting primary open-angle glaucoma and retroiridal air dislocation. CONCLUSIONS Apart from low donor ECD, surgical challenges, i.e., difficulty with graft preparation, inverse graft positioning, and retroiridal air dislocation, were main reasons for failure of primary DMEK. Secondary DMEK showed a good safety profile and reasonable visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Droutsas
- First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.,Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Palaiologos Alexopoulos
- First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giachos
- First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Walter Sekundo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Argyropoulos K, Krikonis K, Alexopoulos P, Avramidis D, Gourzis P, Jelastopulu E. COVID-19 lockdown and its impact on mental health in various population groups in Greece: A cross-sectional study. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9480293 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought a serious impact on physical and mental health. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to estimate the impact of the first lockdown in Greece, on both quality of life and anxiety levels in different occupational groups. Methods A cross-sectional on- line survey was conducted from 20th of April to 4th of May 2020. A 24-item anonymous questionnaire was administered to collect basic demographic and socioeconomic data. The 5-item WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5, 0-100%, cut-off 52%) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) tools were used to assess well-being and anxiety, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for Windows v.24.0 Statistical Package. Results A total of 575 participated in the study, 62.8% females, 48.5% aged between 40 to 59 years. 32.5% were employed in education sector, 32.5% in health sector and 20.3% as season workers in tourism sector. Males showed slightly higher levels of wellbeing (52.1 vs. 47.3, p=0.023) and lower levels of anxiety (7.1 vs. 8.2, p=0.023) compared to females. Factors associated with higher wellbeing and lower anxiety were higher education and income level, optimism, taking less protection measures, and being seasonal worker. Furthermore, participants with comorbidities and symptoms like headache, musculoskeletal pain, as well as feeling depressed or stressed revealed lower wellbeing and higher anxiety scores. Conclusions Our study revealed an overall poor wellbeing and mild to moderate levels of anxiety during the lockdown. Actions should be taken to address and to prevent its serious impact on mental health. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Alexopoulos P, Novotni A, Novotni G, Vorvolakos T, Vratsista A, Konsta A, Kaprinis S, Konstantinou A, Bonotis K, Katirtzoglou E, Siarkos K, Bekri ES, Kokkoris I, Como A, Gournellis R, Stoyanov DS, Politis A. Old age mental health services in Southern Balkans: Features, geospatial distribution, current needs, and future perspectives. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e88. [PMID: 32921324 PMCID: PMC7576530 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare services are increasingly confronted with challenges related to old age mental disorders. The survey aimed to provide an overview of existing psychogeriatric services in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and North Macedonia. METHODS After identification of psychogeriatric units across the four countries, their head physicians were asked to provide data on their clinical, teaching, and research activity, as well as staff composition. Moreover, the attitudes of head physicians to current needs and future service development were explored. RESULTS A total of 15 psychogeriatric units were identified (3 in Bulgaria, 8 in Greece, and 4 in North Macedonia). Results show wide variation regarding the location, team size and composition, service availability, numbers of patients attending, and inpatient treatment length. Most head physicians underscored the urgent need for breakthroughs in the graduate and postgraduate education in psychogeriatrics of medical and nonmedical professionals, as well as in the interconnection of their units with community primary healthcare services and long-term care facilities for seniors via telemedicine. They would welcome the development of national standards for psychogeriatric units, potentially embodying clear pointers for action. A number of head physicians advocated the development of nationwide old age mental health registries. CONCLUSIONS Regional disparities in resources and services for seniors' mental health services were unveiled. These data may enrich the dialogue on optimizing psychogeriatric services through planning future cross-border collaborations mainly based on telemedicine services, especially in the era of the novel coronavirus pandemic, and training/education in psychogeriatrics of mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Faculty of Medicine, Technische. Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Novotni
- University Clinic of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - G. Novotni
- University Clinic of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - T. Vorvolakos
- Department of Psychiatry, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - A. Vratsista
- Department of Psychiatry, Arta General Hospital, Arta, Greece
| | - A. Konsta
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S. Kaprinis
- 3 Department of Psychiatry. Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, Larissa University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - K. Bonotis
- Department of Psychiatry, Larissa University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - E. Katirtzoglou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, “Eginition” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K. Siarkos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, “Eginition” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E. S. Bekri
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - I. Kokkoris
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A. Como
- Psychiatry Division, Department of Neuroscience, Tirana University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa”, Tirana Medical University, Tirana, Albania
| | - R. Gournellis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, “Attikon” University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D. S. Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - A. Politis
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, “Eginition” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, USA
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Theodorou A, Lachanis S, Alexopoulos P, Palaiodimou L, Kollia N, Voumvourakis K, Tsivgoulis G. Teaching NeuroImages: Acute convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage: An underrecognized presentation of CAA-ri. Neurology 2020; 93:e524-e525. [PMID: 31358680 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Theodorou
- From the Second Department of Neurology (A.T., P.A., L.P., N.K., K.V., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital; Iatropolis Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre (S.L.), Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.
| | - Stefanos Lachanis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (A.T., P.A., L.P., N.K., K.V., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital; Iatropolis Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre (S.L.), Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Palaiologos Alexopoulos
- From the Second Department of Neurology (A.T., P.A., L.P., N.K., K.V., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital; Iatropolis Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre (S.L.), Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Lina Palaiodimou
- From the Second Department of Neurology (A.T., P.A., L.P., N.K., K.V., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital; Iatropolis Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre (S.L.), Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Nikoletta Kollia
- From the Second Department of Neurology (A.T., P.A., L.P., N.K., K.V., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital; Iatropolis Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre (S.L.), Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (A.T., P.A., L.P., N.K., K.V., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital; Iatropolis Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre (S.L.), Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- From the Second Department of Neurology (A.T., P.A., L.P., N.K., K.V., G.T.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital; Iatropolis Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Centre (S.L.), Athens, Greece; and Department of Neurology (G.T.), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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Janel N, Alexopoulos P, Badel A, Lamari F, Camproux AC, Lagarde J, Simon S, Feraudet-Tarisse C, Lamourette P, Arbones M, Paul JL, Dubois B, Potier MC, Sarazin M, Delabar JM. Combined assessment of DYRK1A, BDNF and homocysteine levels as diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1154. [PMID: 28632203 PMCID: PMC5537644 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors would aid development of interventions to delay the onset of dementia, but current biomarkers are invasive and/or costly to assess. Validated plasma biomarkers would circumvent these challenges. We previously identified the kinase DYRK1A in plasma. To validate DYRK1A as a biomarker for AD diagnosis, we assessed the levels of DYRK1A and the related markers brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and homocysteine in two unrelated AD patient cohorts with age-matched controls. Receiver-operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analyses showed that combined assessment of DYRK1A, BDNF and homocysteine has a sensitivity of 0.952, a specificity of 0.889 and an accuracy of 0.933 in testing for AD. The blood levels of these markers provide a diagnosis assessment profile. Combined assessment of these three markers outperforms most of the previous markers and could become a useful substitute to the current panel of AD biomarkers. These results associate a decreased level of DYRK1A with AD and challenge the use of DYRK1A inhibitors in peripheral tissues as treatment. These measures will be useful for diagnosis purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Janel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Rion, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A Badel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - F Lamari
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - A C Camproux
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J Lagarde
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - S Simon
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Feraudet-Tarisse
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Lamourette
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en immunoanalyse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Arbones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Paris, France
| | - B Dubois
- Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - M C Potier
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - M Sarazin
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - J M Delabar
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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Perneczky R, Guo LH, Kagerbauer SM, Werle L, Kurz A, Martin J, Alexopoulos P. Soluble amyloid precursor protein β as blood-based biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e227. [PMID: 23423136 PMCID: PMC3591004 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore concentrations differences of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) α and β in blood plasma in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively healthy age-matched control subjects, as well as patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Concentrations of sAPPα and β were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology in 80 patients with probable AD, 37 age-matched control subjects and 14 patients with bvFTD. Concentration differences were explored using parametric tests. Significantly decreased plasma concentrations in the AD group compared with both the control group and the bvFTD group were detected for sAPPβ (P = 0.03 for both group comparisons), but not for sAPPα. The study provides a further piece of evidence in support of sAPPβ as a promising new biomarker of AD, which may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy of existing markers and also enable a less invasive diagnostic workup. Further research is required to establish normal ranges and to replicate the results in independent cohorts including larger numbers of participants covering a wider spectrum of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Perneczky
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
| | - L-H Guo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S M Kagerbauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Werle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J Martin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Irmisch G, Marx I, Thome J, Alexopoulos P. P-775 - Changes of serum fatty acid composition in geriatric depression. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)74942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Perneczky R, Tsolakidou A, Arnold A, Diehl-Schmid J, Grimmer T, Forstl H, Kurz A, Alexopoulos P. CSF soluble amyloid precursor proteins in the diagnosis of incipient Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 77:35-8. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318221ad47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Alexopoulos P, Ebert A, Richter-Schmidinger T, Schöll E, Natale B, Aguilar CA, Gourzis P, Weih M, Perneczky R, Diehl-Schmid J, Kneib T, Förstl H, Kurz A, Danek A, Kornhuber J. Validation of the German revised Addenbrooke's cognitive examination for detecting mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia in alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 29:448-56. [PMID: 20502019 DOI: 10.1159/000312685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The diagnostic accuracy of the German version of the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-R) in identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild dementia in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) in comparison with the conventional Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was assessed. METHODS The study encompasses 76 cognitively healthy elderly individuals, 75 patients with MCI, 56 with AD and 22 with FTLD. ACE-R and MMSE were validated against an expert diagnosis based on a comprehensive diagnostic procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver operating characteristic method and regression analyses. RESULTS The optimal cut-off score for the ACE-R for detecting MCI, AD, and FTLD was 86/87, 82/83 and 83/84, respectively. ACE-R was superior to MMSE only in the detection of patients with FTLD [area under the curve (AUC): 0.97 vs. 0.92], whilst the accuracy of the two instruments did not differ in identifying MCI and AD. The ratio of the scores of the memory ACE-R subtest to verbal fluency subtest contributed significantly to the discrimination between AD and FTLD (optimal cut-off score: 2.30/2.31, AUC: 0.77), whereas the MMSE and ACE-R total scores did not. CONCLUSION The German ACE-R is superior to the most commonly employed MMSE in detecting mild dementia in FTLD and in the differential diagnosis between AD and FTLD. Thus it might serve as a valuable instrument as part of a comprehensive diagnostic workup in specialist centres/clinics contributing to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the cause of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. panos.alexopoulos @ lrz.tu-muenchen.de
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Alexopoulos P, Kurz A, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Maier W, Förstl H, Perneczky R. The sortilin-related receptor SORL1 and the amyloid cascade: a possible explanation for the concurrent elevation of CSF soluble APPalpha and APPbeta in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 25:542-3. [PMID: 20391590 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alexopoulos P, Topalidis S, Irmisch G, Prehn K, Jung SU, Poppe K, Sebb H, Perneczky R, Kurz A, Bleich S, Herpertz SC. Homocysteine and cognitive function in geriatric depression. Neuropsychobiology 2010; 61:97-104. [PMID: 20090379 DOI: 10.1159/000275821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cognitive dysfunction is a common aspect of the spectrum of symptoms of geriatric depression. High homocysteine levels have been linked to cognitive decline in neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study investigated possible associations between cognitive impairment observed in geriatric depression and homocysteine levels. METHODS The performance of 25 mentally healthy individuals and 40 patients with geriatric depression in terms of language processing, processing speed, concentration and attention was assessed with the Stroop Test and the d2 Test of Attention. Serum homocysteine was determined with an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS The performance of depressed patients was significantly worse in language processing (p = 0.001) and processing speed (p < 0.0001). Depressed patients with high levels of homocysteine performed better than patients with homocysteine concentrations <or=11.7 micromol/l in both cognitive domains (p = 0.006 and 0.009, respectively). Moreover, homocysteine level was positively associated with language processing (p = 0.002) and processing speed (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that under the special circumstances of geriatric depression (perturbation of glutamatergic transmission and glutamate metabolism), homocysteine is positively associated with the performance in language processing and processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. panos.alexopoulos @ lrz.tu-muenchen.de
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Alexopoulos P, Lehrl S, Richter-Schmidinger T, Kreusslein A, Hauenstein T, Bayerl F, Jung P, Kneib T, Kurz A, Kornhuber J, Bleich S. Short-term influence of elevation of plasma homocysteine levels on cognitive function in young healthy adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:283-7. [PMID: 20305995 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute homocysteine elevation has been shown to have a significant impact on cognitive function in animal models. OBJECTIVES Investigation of the short-term impact of elevation of plasma homocysteine levels through a dietary intervention on cognitive abilities of young healthy adults. PARTICIPANTS 100 healthy medical students of both genders were enrolled in the study. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS Homocysteine levels and cognitive abilities were measured at 08:30 (before breakfast) and at 15:00 (two hours after lunch and six hours after breakfast). Food intake was restricted to specified comestibles. The cognitive assessment comprised a version of the Short Test for General Intelligence, three subtests of the Syndrome Short Test and the Stroop test. RESULTS At 15:00 plasma homocysteine was significantly elevated in 56 participants (P < 0.00001), whilst in 44 it was decreased (P < 0.00001) in comparison to baseline (08:30). The decrease was however of limited clinical significance. The differences in the changes in cognitive performance between the two groups did not attain statistical significance (P > 0.05) and the direction of the changes did not differ between them. Accordingly, the multiple linear regression analysis did not reveal an important influence of homocysteine elevation on cognitive performance variations. CONCLUSIONS Significant increase of plasma homocysteine is not associated with a straightforward inhibitory or facilitatory short-term effect on physiological cognitive parameters in young healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Weih M, Scholz S, Reiss K, Alexopoulos P, Degirmenci U, Richter-Schmidinger T, Kornhuber J. [Usage of drugs with potential adverse effects on cognition in a memory-clinic]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2009; 77:523-527. [PMID: 19644785 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a frequent clinical symptom in elderly patients. In particular, memory disturbances are an early sign and a risk factor for subsequent development of neurodegenerative dementia. At the same time, elderly patients often receive multiple medications due to an increasing number of acquired diseases. Certain drugs have adverse side effects on cognition due to interference with the cholinergic or GABA-ergic system. This could lead to underestimation of the actual cognitive status at initial clinical presentation. In the present study we included 221 patients (mean age 68,5 years) who presented for the first time in a specialized memory-clinic and who had or developed dementia during follow up. Most patients had mixed vascular-degenerative dementia (57 %). On average, patients took 2.1 drugs. 19.9 % of the patients had medications with potential adverse effects on cognition. Patients with medication affecting cognition had a worse cognitive performance than patients with a medication not influencing cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental vs. 18.8. 22.01, p = 0.01) in univariate analysis. Psychotropic drugs were used less frequently (38 %) than primary non-CNS medication. The results remained unchanged even after performing a case-control study with the mixed dementia population with age and gender matched patients. However, in multivariate analysis, only the absolute number of medication taken remained as an independent factor. Our data highlight the clinical importance of medication history in the diagnostic work-up of cognitive impairment. The absolute number of medication taken seems to be more important than medication with possible adverse side effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weih
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen.
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Weih M, Sulimma AK, Lehfeld H, Niklewski G, Sonnenberg M, Richter-Schmidinger T, Alexopoulos P, Grässel E, Kornhuber J. [Comparison of patient therapy adherence of two structural different memory clinics]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2009; 77:212-7. [PMID: 19347792 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 100 memory clinics established in Germany, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland. We compared the impact of the structure of two German memory clinics (Erlangen and Nuremberg) on therapeutic outcome. 483 patients suffering from dementia with indication for antidementive therapy were included in this study. The data ascertainment included patient-related data, the mini mental score, comorbidity as well as psychiatric drug therapy. After a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, we performed a single cross-sectional survey covering over 90 % of patients to assess clinical course and adherence to therapy. The patients of the Erlangen University Memory Clinic were significantly younger (69.8 +/- 9.49 vs. 74.6 +/- 10.7 years; p = 0.01) and had a better mini mental score at their first presentation (20.9 +/- 9.4 vs. 19.5 +/- 5.9; p = 0.02). They showed a non-significantly faster disease progression (as measured by mini mental decline per year), than the patients from Nuremberg. Concerning the allocation of diagnosis, more late onset-dementias and dementias of a mixed type were treated at the Nuremberg clinic. At the university clinic, more dementias were of unclassified origin. Concomitant drug therapies, death rates and therapy adherence (53 %) were not different between the two clinics. The two memory clinics under investigation differed in patient age, disease severity and diagnostic assessment. Still, parameters of therapeutic outcome showed converging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weih
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen.
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Alexopoulos P, Horn M, Maus S, Richter-Schmidinger T, Reichel M, Rhein C, Kornhuber J. Activity of Acid Sphingomyelinase in relation to Hippocampal volume and memory function in young healthy females. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Alexopoulos P, Nadler K, Cramer B, Herpertz SC, Kurz A. [Validation of a short test (3MS-R) for detecting Alzheimer's disease]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2007; 75:728-36. [PMID: 17607642 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-980062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination-revised (3MS-R) is a brief cognitive test designed to detect cognitive impairment, which is often used in Canada and USA. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of the 3MS-R in identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) in comparison with the conventional Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a German-speaking population. SUBJECTS The study refers to 31 patients with early AD and 5 patients with moderate dementia of AD etiology, as well as to 46 age-matched cognitively normal participants. METHOD The 3MS-R and the MMSE were validated against an expert diagnosis based on a comprehensive diagnostic workup. The 3MS scores were adjusted for educational attainment. Statistical analysis was performed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). RESULTS ROC curves demonstrated the superiority of the ACE over the MMSE in identifying AD (Area under the Curve: 3MS-R vs. MMSE: 0.995 vs.0.953). The optimal cut-off score for the 3MS for detecting AD was 88 and had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 94%. The German version of the 3MS-R is a short and practical but accurate test battery for the identification of AD. The effectiveness of the German version of the test in detecting other forms of dementias or mild cognitive impairment could be a task for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alexopoulos
- Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Klinik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen.
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Alexopoulos P, Greim B, Nadler K, Martens U, Krecklow B, Domes G, Herpertz S, Kurz A. Validation of the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination for detecting early Alzheimer's disease and mild vascular dementia in a German population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 22:385-91. [PMID: 16960447 DOI: 10.1159/000095642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the German version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) in identifying early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild vascular dementia (VaD) in comparison with the conventional Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The study refers to 50 patients with mild dementia of AD, 26 patients with mild dementia of vascular etiology and to 54 cognitively normal subjects. The ACE and MMSE were validated against an expert diagnosis based on a comprehensive diagnostic workup. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver operator characteristics method. The optimal cut-off score for the ACE for detecting dementia in patients with early AD was 85/86, which had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 86%. The optimal cut-off for the ACE for the identification of dementia in patients with mild VaD was also 85/86 and it had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100%. The kappa values imply a substantial agreement between the diagnoses made by the ACE and the MMSE. The German version of the ACE is a short and practical but accurate test battery for the identification of AD and VaD, assessing a broad range of cognitive functions and providing a wide profile of cognitive functions/dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Zentrum fur Nervenheilkunde, Universitat Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Alexopoulos P, Perneczky R, Cramer B, Grimmer T, Kurz A. Validierung eines kurzen telefonischen Tests (T3MS) für die Erkennung kognitiver Störungen. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2006; 74:329-36. [PMID: 16838400 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-915568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The identification of cognitive impairment in general practice requires short but accurate tests. For epidemiologic surveys and genetic family studies cognitive tests are desirable which can be administered over the telephone. We assessed the ability of a telephone version of the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (T3MS) to identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compared it with the diagnostic accuracy of the conventional Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The study refers to 34 patients of the outpatient clinic for cognitive disorders of the technical university of Munich of whom 18 had MCI and 16 had mild dementia in AD, respectively. The study also included 14 cognitively unimpaired age-matched probands. The T3MS and MMST were validated against an expert diagnosis base on a comprehensive diagnostic workup. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver-operator-characteristics (ROC) method. The T3MS outperformed the MMST in the distinction between MCI patients and cognitively unimpaired individuals. In the separation between cognitively unimpaired probands and patients with mild AD the T3MS achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 100 %. The T3MS is a short and practical but accurate telephone test for the identification of mild dementia in AD for use in epidemiological surveys and genetic family studies. The interview achieves higher diagnostic precision than the MMSE and contributes to a valid assessment of cognitive performance. For the identification of mild cognitive impairment, however, the T3MS was less appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alexopoulos
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock.
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Alexopoulos P, Grimmer T, Perneczky R, Domes G, Kurz A. Progression to dementia in clinical subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006; 22:27-34. [PMID: 16679762 DOI: 10.1159/000093101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the outcome among patients diagnosed with different types of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). PATIENTS A follow-up examination (average follow-up period: 3.49 +/- 2.2 years) was performed in 81 cognitively impaired, non-demented patients aged >55 years at baseline. RESULTS 8 of 32 patients with amnestic MCI (25%), 22 of 41 patients with multiple-domain MCI (54%), and 3 of 8 patients with single non-memory MCI (37.5%) progressed to dementia. The clinical type of MCI is significantly associated with the likelihood of conversion to dementia. DISCUSSION When the clinical syndrome of MCI evolves on a neurodegenerative basis, the multiple-domain type of MCI has a less favorable prognosis than the amnestic type and may represent a more advanced prodromal stage of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universitat, Munchen, Germany.
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Perneczky R, Alexopoulos P, Kurz A. [Mild cognitive impairment]. MMW Fortschr Med 2004; 146:34-7. [PMID: 15532428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
From today's point of view, patients with a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at risk for developing a dementia. This clinical picture occurs frequently in the population and is easily recognized through simple tests and interviews conducted in the general and neurological medical practice. A goal of the diagnostics is to detect potentially redressable causes, above all depressive disorders, and to introduce a therapy. In many cases, however, MCI is an early stage of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative processes. When such a cause is suspected, the most important medical measure is to monitor the progression of the disease so that when deterioration occurs, therapy with antidementia drugs can promptly begin. In the future, patients with MCI will play an increasingly important role as the target group for the prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Perneczky
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Technischen Universität München Alzheimer-Zentrum.
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Abstract
The efficacy, memory, and cognitive effects of right unilateral (RUL) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at 2.5 times threshold in 32 inpatients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder were evaluated at baseline, during the course of treatment, and 1 month after treatment. Neuropsychological assessment included the Randt Memory Test, Personal Memory Test, short-version Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, and Self-Rating Scale of Memory Functions. At the treatment end point, although the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale mean score was decreased by 54.2%. the response rate of 2.5 times threshold RUL ECT using stringent criteria was only 31.2%. Treatment was associated with significant anterograde memory impairment in the short term. Mean total scores of the Randt Memory Test and Personal Memory Test were decreased from baseline by 14.8% and 32.5%, respectively, after six sessions of ECT. These memory deficits were significantly improved by the 1 month follow-up examination. Subjective memory scores increased consistently during treatment, correlating with improvements in mood. No adverse effects on nonmemory cognition were found. Although RUL ECT at 2.5 times threshold is not associated with marked or persistent cognitive disturbances, its efficacy may be insufficient in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ng
- The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
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Antoniou F, Tolios J, Siminelakis S, Kourtessis A, Alexopoulos P, Papaioannou J, Fannie A. Effects of intravenous nifedipine on pulmonary and cardiac performance during CABG. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1053-0770(94)90442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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