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Hausmann N, Theodoraki D, Piñon V, Siozos P, Lemonis A, Anglos D. Applying laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and elemental imaging on marine shells for archaeological and environmental research. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19812. [PMID: 37957200 PMCID: PMC10643694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Using LIBS for the analysis of archaeological and geological marine mollusc shells is a growing research area that relies on customised instrumentation and specific workflows that can accommodate the variety and precision of the required sampling parameters. However, the increased efficiency offered by LIBS, which enables the study of a larger quantity of shell samples for temperature variation, ecological parameters, and human consumption practices, outweighs the initial efforts required to develop customised instrumentation and workflows. In this work, we present detailed specifications and parameters for the development of a LIBS system capable of generating Mg/Ca images on marine shells that directly correlate with seasonal sea temperatures. Our main objective was to develop specifications that enable easy adaptation of LIBS systems to existing laboratories for studying hard-tissue samples. These specifications were used to develop a customised micro-LIBS system and apply it to a real-world example of an archaeological study to better understand its efficiency on the marine mollusc shells and demonstrate its potential for broader applications in interdisciplinary research. In total 101 shell specimens have been analysed within a time frame of approximately 71 h of machine time, producing 234 images (100 µm resolution: 100 images, 30 µm resolution: 134 images). SEM analysis of the irradiated sections of the shell revealed a primary ablated area of 10-15 µm in diameter, while a secondary affected area of the shell's crystal fabric extended to 30-50 µm after repeated shots. Overall, this new customised system reliably and efficiently analysed marine mollusc specimens without major destructive effects, enabling additional analyses for other proxies to be carried out. This study highlights the potential of the LIBS method for interdisciplinary research, encompassing applications in paleoclimatology, marine ecology, and archaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hausmann
- Leibniz Zentrum für Archäologie (LEIZA), Ludwig-Lindenschmit-Forum 1, 55116, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
| | - Danai Theodoraki
- Leibniz Zentrum für Archäologie (LEIZA), Ludwig-Lindenschmit-Forum 1, 55116, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
| | - Victor Piñon
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira str. 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Siozos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira str. 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas Lemonis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira str. 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios Anglos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira str. 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Tserevelakis GJ, Siozos P, Papanikolaou A, Melessanaki K, Zacharakis G. Non-invasive photoacoustic detection of hidden underdrawings in paintings using air-coupled transducers. Ultrasonics 2019; 98:94-98. [PMID: 31233981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of a fully non-contact and non-invasive photoacoustic (PA) imaging system integrating a high sensitivity spherically focused air-coupled ultrasonic transducer, for the uncovering of hidden underdrawings in paintings. By selectively transforming optical absorption information into ultrasonic waves which propagate virtually unobstructed through the paint layers, PA signals provide specific imaging of underlying pencil sketches even for paints presenting high optical scattering and absorption properties. The developed system could be employed for case studies involving the investigation of paintings with historical significance, considerably complementing the capabilities of existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Tserevelakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete GR-70013, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Siozos
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete GR-70013, Greece
| | - Athanasia Papanikolaou
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete GR-70013, Greece
| | - Kristalia Melessanaki
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete GR-70013, Greece
| | - Giannis Zacharakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, Heraklion, Crete GR-70013, Greece
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Hausmann N, Prendergast AL, Lemonis A, Zech J, Roberts P, Siozos P, Anglos D. Extensive elemental mapping unlocks Mg/Ca ratios as climate proxy in seasonal records of Mediterranean limpets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3698. [PMID: 30842602 PMCID: PMC6403426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental analysis of biogeochemical archives is an established technique used to study climate in a range of applications, including ocean circulation, glacial/interglacial climates, and anthropogenic climate change. Data from mollusc archives are especially important because of their global abundance and sub-annual resolution. Despite this potential, they are underrepresented among palaeoclimate studies, due to enigmatic physiological influences skewing the elemental record. Understanding the patterns behind these influences will improve data interpretation and lead to the development of new climate proxies. Here, we show for the first time that extensive spatial mapping of multiple mollusc specimens using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) across a wider region can resolve enigmatic patterns within the elemental record caused by physiological influences. 2D elemental (Mg/Ca) maps of whole limpet shells (Patella caerulea) from across the Mediterranean revealed patterns of variability within individual mollusc records as well as within isochronous parts of specimens. By registering and quantifying these patterns, we established previously uninterpretable correlations with temperature (R2 > 0.8, p < 0.01). This outcome redefines the possibilities of accessing sub-annual climate proxies and presents the means to assess annual temperature ranges using oxygen isotope analysis requiring only 2 samples per shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hausmann
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece. .,BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom. .,Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - A L Prendergast
- School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Lemonis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - J Zech
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - P Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - P Siozos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - D Anglos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Tserevelakis GJ, Vrouvaki I, Siozos P, Melessanaki K, Hatzigiannakis K, Fotakis C, Zacharakis G. Photoacoustic imaging reveals hidden underdrawings in paintings. Sci Rep 2017; 7:747. [PMID: 28389668 PMCID: PMC5429688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, non-invasive, imaging methodology, based on the photoacoustic effect, is introduced in the context of artwork diagnostics with emphasis on the uncovering of hidden features such as underdrawings or original sketch lines in paintings. Photoacoustic microscopy, a rapidly growing imaging method widely employed in biomedical research, exploits the ultrasonic acoustic waves, generated by light from a pulsed or intensity modulated source interacting with a medium, to map the spatial distribution of absorbing components. Having over three orders of magnitude higher transmission through strongly scattering media, compared to light in the visible and near infrared, the photoacoustic signal offers substantially improved detection sensitivity and achieves excellent optical absorption contrast at high spatial resolution. Photoacoustic images, collected from miniature oil paintings on canvas, illuminated with a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm on their reverse side, reveal clearly the presence of pencil sketch lines coated over by several paint layers, exceeding 0.5 mm in thickness. By adjusting the detection bandwidth of the optically induced ultrasonic waves, photoacoustic imaging can be used for looking into a broad variety of artefacts having diverse optical properties and geometrical profiles, such as manuscripts, glass objects, plastic modern art or even stone sculpture.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Tserevelakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ilianna Vrouvaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Siozos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Krystallia Melessanaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kostas Hatzigiannakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Costas Fotakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giannis Zacharakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Abstract
Economic recession has expanded during the last five years from U.S.A. to Europe and sprawls at an international level. Governments try to redefine their strategies and policies in order to recognize and deal with this unexpected environment, while they prioritize alternative methods in order to return to growth and to control national and supranational economics. Some of these strategic changes emphasize on innovation and research as the means to overcome this recession. The aim of this paper is to question and illustrate the connection between innovation and fiscal growth and in this order to explore whether Governments can capitalize innovation against fiscal crisis. Emphasis will be given on Information Technology (IT) innovation initiatives that are being undertataken with these updated strategies. Literature findings depict such an interconnection, while findings from the latest European strategies are compared to data from other countries regarding innovation's capitalization against fiscal recession and national downturn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Siozos
- Department of Computer Science, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jacobs C, Siozos P, Raible C, Wendl K, Frank C, Grützner P, Wölfl C. Amputation of a lower extremity after severe trauma. Oper Orthop Traumatol 2011; 23:306-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00064-011-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anthopoulos LG, Siozos P, Tsoukalas IA. Applying participatory design and collaboration in digital public services for discovering and re-designing e-Government services. Government Information Quarterly 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kosmidis C, Siozos P, Kaziannis S, Robson L, Ledingham KWD, McKenna P, Jaroszynski DA. Interaction Mechanism of Some Alkyl Iodides with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1279-85. [PMID: 16833441 DOI: 10.1021/jp045500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of 1-iodopropane, 2-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 2-iodobutane, and 1-iodopentane with (5 x 10(13-)5 x 10(15) W/cm2) femtosecond laser fields is studied by means of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is found that multiphoton ionization (MPI) and field ionization (FI) processes are involved in the molecular ionization. The contribution of these processes can be distinguished using the peak profile of the ions in the mass spectra. Thus, from the mass spectra of 2-iodoropane and 2-iodobutane, it is concluded that MPI processes are taking place even for Keldysh parameter values gamma approximately 0.3. The field ionization process depends on the characteristics of the molecular binding potential well and leads to an asymmetric charge distribution of the transient multiply charged parent ions. In the case of 1-iodobutane, the MPI processes lead to a stable doubly charged parent ion production with a laser intensity threshold higher than that found for I2+ ions. In addition, the isomers studied exhibit distinct differences in their mass spectra and their origin is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kosmidis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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