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Pundi K, Fan J, Kabadi S, Din N, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Camm AJ, Kowey P, Singh JP, Rashkin J, Wieloch M, Turakhia MP, Sandhu AT. Dronedarone Versus Sotalol in Antiarrhythmic Drug-Naive Veterans With Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:456-467. [PMID: 37485722 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.011893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sotalol and dronedarone are both used for maintenance of sinus rhythm for patients with atrial fibrillation. However, while sotalol requires initial monitoring for QT prolongation and proarrhythmia, dronedarone does not. These treatments can be used in comparable patients, but their safety and effectiveness have not been compared head to head. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness and safety using data from a large health care system. METHODS Using Veterans Health Administration data, we identified 11 296 antiarrhythmic drug-naive patients with atrial fibrillation prescribed dronedarone or sotalol in 2012 or later. We excluded patients with prior conduction disease, pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, ventricular arrhythmia, cancer, renal failure, liver disease, or heart failure. We used natural language processing to identify and compare baseline left ventricular ejection fraction between treatment arms. We used 1:1 propensity score matching, based on patient demographics, comorbidities, and medications, and Cox regression to compare strategies. To evaluate residual confounding, we performed falsification analysis with nonplausible outcomes. RESULTS The matched cohort comprised 6212 patients (3106 dronedarone and 3106 sotalol; mean [±SD] age, 71±10 years; 2.5% female; mean [±SD] CHA2DS2-VASC, 2±1.3). The mean (±SD) left ventricular ejection fraction was 55±11 and 58±10 for dronedarone and sotalol users, correspondingly. Dronedarone, compared with sotalol, did not demonstrate a significant association with risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.88-1.21]) or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.68-1.16]). However, dronedarone was associated with significantly lower risk of ventricular proarrhythmic events (hazard ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.38-0.74]) and symptomatic bradycardia (hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.37-0.87]). The primary findings were stable across sensitivity analyses. Falsification analyses were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Dronedarone, compared with sotalol, was associated with a lower risk of ventricular proarrhythmic events and conduction disorders while having no difference in risk of incident cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality. These observational data provide the basis for prospective efficacy and safety trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Pundi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.P., M.P.T., A.T.S.)
| | - Jun Fan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (J.F., N.D., M.P.T., A.T.S.)
| | | | - Natasha Din
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (J.F., N.D., M.P.T., A.T.S.)
| | - Carina Blomström-Lundqvist
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden (C.B.-L.)
| | - A John Camm
- St. George's University of London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.)
| | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.)
| | | | | | - Mattias Wieloch
- Department of Coagulation Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (M.W.)
- Sanofi, Stockholm, Sweden (M.W.)
| | - Mintu P Turakhia
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.P., M.P.T., A.T.S.)
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (J.F., N.D., M.P.T., A.T.S.)
| | - Alexander T Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.P., M.P.T., A.T.S.)
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (J.F., N.D., M.P.T., A.T.S.)
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Spears J, Kowey P. Amiodarone for the prevention of shocks and death in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Hero or villain? Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:510-511. [PMID: 36634902 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Spears
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania; Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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3
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Garcia A, Lee J, Balasubramanian V, Gardner R, Gummidipundi SE, Hung G, Ferris T, Cheung L, Desai S, Granger CB, Hills MT, Kowey P, Nag D, Rumsfeld JS, Russo AM, Stein JW, Talati N, Tsay D, Mahaffey KW, Perez MV, Turakhia MP, Hedlin H, Desai M. The development of a mobile app-focused deduplication strategy for the Apple Heart Study that informs recommendations for future digital trials. Stat (Int Stat Inst) 2022; 11:e470. [PMID: 36589778 PMCID: PMC9787886 DOI: 10.1002/sta4.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An app-based clinical trial enrolment process can contribute to duplicated records, carrying data management implications. Our objective was to identify duplicated records in real time in the Apple Heart Study (AHS). We leveraged personal identifiable information (PII) to develop a dissimilarity score (DS) using the Damerau-Levenshtein distance. For computational efficiency, we focused on four types of records at the highest risk of duplication. We used the receiver operating curve (ROC) and resampling methods to derive and validate a decision rule to classify duplicated records. We identified 16,398 (4%) duplicated participants, resulting in 419,297 unique participants out of a total of 438,435 possible. Our decision rule yielded a high positive predictive value (96%) with negligible impact on the trial's original findings. Our findings provide principled solutions for future digital trials. When establishing deduplication procedures for digital trials, we recommend collecting device identifiers in addition to participant identifiers; collecting and ensuring secure access to PII; conducting a pilot study to identify reasons for duplicated records; establishing an initial deduplication algorithm that can be refined; creating a data quality plan that informs refinement; and embedding the initial deduplication algorithm in the enrolment platform to ensure unique enrolment and linkage to previous records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Garcia
- Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Justin Lee
- Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vidhya Balasubramanian
- Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rebecca Gardner
- Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Santosh E. Gummidipundi
- Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Grace Hung
- Technology and Digital SolutionsStanford Health Care and School of MedicineCalifornia, StanfordUSA
| | - Todd Ferris
- Technology and Digital SolutionsStanford Health Care and School of MedicineCalifornia, StanfordUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical CollegePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - John S. Rumsfeld
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Andrea M. Russo
- Department of MedicineCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Nisha Talati
- Stanford Center for Clinical ResearchStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Kenneth W. Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical ResearchStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marco V. Perez
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mintu P. Turakhia
- Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Center for Digital HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Elvan A, Tuininga Y, Badings E, Kuijper AFM, De Jong JSSG, Lee M, Schellings D, Van Gelder IC, Ruskin J, Kowey P, Dufton C, Maupas J, Belardinelli L. Alleviation of AF related symptoms following acute conversion of recent-onset, symptomatic atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm with flecainide acetate oral inhalation solution. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pharmacological restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) is expected to be accompanied by prompt alleviation of symptoms to avoid the need for electrical cardioversion (ECV) and/or hospitalization. The feasibility and safety of acute cardioversion of recent-onset (≤48 hours) symptomatic AF to SR with flecainide acetate oral inhalation (FlecIH) solution was shown in the Phase 2, open-label INSTANT trial. We examined symptoms, heart rate, time to discharge and need for ECV reported among patients in the INSTANT trial whose AF was successfully converted to SR (“conversion group”; N=25) versus those whose AF did not convert to SR (“no conversion group”; N=29).
Methods
Conversion success was determined using 12-lead Holter monitoring during a 90-minute observation period. Patients in the no conversion group were offered alternative treatment per the investigator discretion. Symptoms, vital signs, time to discharge, and the need for ECV were evaluated through Day 5.
Results
Data from 54 patients (33.3% female) with a mean age of 62.1 years and a mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2 were analyzed. All patients reported at least one AF-related symptoms at baseline (palpitations=85%; dizziness=35%; shortness of breath=37%; chest discomfort=39%) and 83.3% presented with AF symptoms ≤24 hours in duration. At 90 minutes, 80.0% of the conversion group were asymptomatic compared to 37.9% of the no conversion group (p<0.001). Mean (SD) ventricular rate at 90 minutes was 70.6 (12.5) bpm in the conversion group compared to 100.4 (29.4) bpm in the no conversion group (p<0.001). Median time to discharge was 2.3 (IQR: 0.75) hours for the conversion group compared to 3.6 (IQR: 1.02) hours for the no conversion group (p=0.001). By Day 5, 23 (79.3%) patients in the no conversion group had undergone ECV; no patients in the conversion group experienced AF recurrence by Day 5 (0% required ECV; p<0.001).
Conclusions
Conversion of recent onset AF to SR with inhaled flecainide was associated with a reduction in symptoms, normalization of heart rate, rapid hospital discharge and avoidance of ECV during a 5-day follow-up period.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): InCarda Therapeutics
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Camm
- St George's University of London, Cardiac and Vascular Sciences , London , United Kingdom
| | - H J G M Crijns
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - A Elvan
- Isala Clinics , Zwolle , The Netherlands
| | - Y Tuininga
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - E Badings
- Deventer Hospital , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | | | - J S S G De Jong
- Hospital Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M Lee
- Memorial Care Long Beach Medical Center , Long Beach , United States of America
| | - D Schellings
- Slingeland Hospital , Doetinchem , The Netherlands
| | - I C Van Gelder
- University Medical Centre Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - J Ruskin
- Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - P Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Philadelphia , United States of America
| | - C Dufton
- InCarda Therapeutics , Newark , United States of America
| | - J Maupas
- InCarda Therapeutics , Newark , United States of America
| | - L Belardinelli
- InCarda Therapeutics , Newark , United States of America
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5
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Ruskin J, Dufton C, Maupas J, Crijns H, Elvan A, De Jong J, Oosterhof T, Tuininga Y, Badings E, Aksoy I, Nuyens D, Van Dijk V, Camm AJ, Kowey P, Belardinelli L. Predictors of successful cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm with orally inhaled flecainide. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) are well established risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) but whether they are also predictors of successful pharmacological cardioversion of AF is unknown. Data from the open-label INSTANT study of flecainide acetate oral inhalation solution (FlecIH) for acute cardioversion of recent-onset symptomatic AF were examined to determine if these anthropometric measures are predictors of successful cardioversion of AF to sinus rhythm (SR) with FlecIH.
Methods
Logistic regression was performed on a broad array of patient and disease characteristics to identify predictors of cardioversion success at 90 minutes post-dose, and potential interactions were examined by boundary restriction analysis. Data are presented for patients receiving 120 mg FlecIH.
Results
Data from 81 patients (32.1% female) with a mean age of 59.8 years (range: 26.0, 84.0) were included in the analysis. This cohort had a mean weight of 87 kg (range: 57, 150), a mean height of 180 cm (range: 156, 199), and a mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2 (range: 17.2, 37.9). A logistic regression model identified height, weight, and BMI as significant predictors of cardioversion success (p<0.01) and a boundary restriction analysis revealed a negative correlation between BMI and conversion rate across the entire dataset (see Figure 1). Clinically significant conversion rates were observed for patients with BMI values that were considered normal (BMI <25 kg/m2 = 53%; 95% CI: 36, 70), overweight (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2 = 47%; 95% CI: 29, 64), and obese (BMI ≥30 and <35 kg/m2 = 43%; 95% CI: 17, 69); however, none of the severely obese patients (BMI ≥35 mg/m2) had their AF successfully converted to sinus rhythm (see Figure 2).
Conclusions
Successful cardioversion of recent onset AF with 120 mg FlecIH was observed in normal, overweight, and obese patients with BMI values <35 kg/m2; however, conversion rate decreases with increasing BMI. Further evaluation of FlecIH dosing in severely obese patients is warranted.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): InCarda Therapeutics
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ruskin
- Mass General Hopital (MGH) , Boston , United States of America
| | - C Dufton
- InCarda Therapeutics , Newark , United States of America
| | - J Maupas
- InCarda Therapeutics , Newark , United States of America
| | - H Crijns
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - A Elvan
- Isala Clinics , Zwolle , The Netherlands
| | - J De Jong
- Hospital Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - T Oosterhof
- Gelderse Vallei Hospital , Ede , The Netherlands
| | - Y Tuininga
- Deventer Hospital , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | - E Badings
- Deventer Hospital , Deventer , The Netherlands
| | - I Aksoy
- Admiraal de Ruijter Hospital , Goes , The Netherlands
| | - D Nuyens
- Hospital Oost-Limburg (ZOL) , Genk , Belgium
| | - V Van Dijk
- St Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein , The Netherlands
| | - A J Camm
- St George's University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - P Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute , Wynnewood , United States of America
| | - L Belardinelli
- InCarda Therapeutics , Newark , United States of America
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6
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Liskov S, Belardinelli L, Kowey P. I'm Sorry, Ms Jones, But We Cannot Make You Feel Better Today. Circulation 2022; 146:655-656. [PMID: 36037267 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Liskov
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, PA (S.L., P.K.)
| | | | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, PA (S.L., P.K.)
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
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Garcia A, Balasubramanian V, Lee J, Gardner R, Gummidipundi S, Hung G, Ferris T, Cheung L, Granger C, Kowey P, Rumsfeld J, Russo A, Hills MT, Talati N, Nag D, Stein J, Tsay D, Desai S, Mahaffey K, Turakhia M, Perez M, Hedlin H, Desai M. Lessons learned in the Apple Heart Study and implications for the data management of future digital clinical trials. J Biopharm Stat 2022; 32:496-510. [PMID: 35695137 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2022.2080698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The digital clinical trial is fast emerging as a pragmatic trial that can improve a trial's design including recruitment and retention, data collection and analytics. To that end, digital platforms such as electronic health records or wearable technologies that enable passive data collection can be leveraged, alleviating burden from the participant and study coordinator. However, there are challenges. For example, many of these data sources not originally intended for research may be noisier than traditionally obtained measures. Further, the secure flow of passively collected data and their integration for analysis is non-trivial. The Apple Heart Study was a prospective, single-arm, site-less digital trial designed to evaluate the ability of an app to detect atrial fibrillation. The study was designed with pragmatic features, such as an app for enrollment, a wearable device (the Apple Watch) for data collection, and electronic surveys for participant-reported outcomes that enabled a high volume of patient enrollment and accompanying data. These elements led to challenges including identifying the number of unique participants, maintaining participant-level linkage of multiple complex data streams, and participant adherence and engagement. Novel solutions were derived that inform future designs with an emphasis on data management. We build upon the excellent framework of the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for data management of the digital clinical trial that include an increased role of collaborative data scientists in the design and conduct of the modern digital trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | | | - Justin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | | | - Grace Hung
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Todd Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Lauren Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | | | - Peter Kowey
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - John Rumsfeld
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | | | - Nisha Talati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Divya Nag
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Stein
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - David Tsay
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Sumbul Desai
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | | | - Mintu Turakhia
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Marco Perez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Manisha Desai
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
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8
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Thind M, Zareba W, Atar D, Crijns HJGM, Zhu J, Pak H, Reiffel J, Ludwigs U, Wieloch M, Stewart J, Kowey P. Efficacy and safety of dronedarone versus placebo in patients with atrial fibrillation stratified according to renal function: Post hoc analyses of the EURIDIS-ADONIS trials. Clin Cardiol 2022; 45:101-109. [PMID: 35019175 PMCID: PMC8799050 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex because impaired renal clearance can cause increased drug levels, and risk of intolerance or adverse events. Due to the propensity for CKD to occur alongside atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL), it is essential that AAD safety and efficacy are assessed for patients with CKD. HYPOTHESIS Dronedarone, an approved AAD, may present a suitable therapeutic option for patients with AF/AFL and concomitant CKD. METHODS EURIDIS-ADONIS (EURIDIS, NCT00259428; ADONIS, NCT00259376) were identically designed, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group trials investigating AF/AFL control with dronedarone 400 mg twice daily versus placebo (randomized 2:1). In this post hoc analysis, the primary endpoint was time to first AF/AFL. Patients were stratified according to renal function using the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation and divided into estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) subgroups of 30-44, 45-59, 60-89, and ≥90 ml/min. Time-to-events between treatment groups were compared using log-rank testing and Cox regression. RESULTS At baseline, most (86%) patients demonstrated a mild or mild-to-moderate eGFR decrease. Median time to first AF/AFL recurrence was significantly longer with dronedarone versus placebo for all eGFR subgroups except the 30 to 44 ml/min group, where the trend was similar but statistical power may have been limited by the small population. eGFR stratification had no significant effect on serious adverse events, deaths, or treatment discontinuations. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that dronedarone could be an effective therapeutic option for AF with an acceptable safety profile in patients with impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munveer Thind
- Division of CardiologyLankenau Heart InstituteWynnewoodPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wojciech Zareba
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Dan Atar
- Department of CardiologyOslo University Hospital UllevalOsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloNorway
| | - Harry J. G. M. Crijns
- Department of CardiologyMaastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jun Zhu
- Fuwai HospitalCAMS & PUMCBeijingChina
| | - Hui‐Nam Pak
- Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei University Health SystemSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - James Reiffel
- Division of CardiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Mattias Wieloch
- SanofiParisFrance
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | | | - Peter Kowey
- Division of CardiologyLankenau Heart InstituteWynnewoodPennsylvaniaUSA
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9
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Olshansky B, Bhatt D, Miller M, Steg PG, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, Ketchum SB, Doyle Jr RT, Juliano RA, Jiao L, Kowey P, Reiffel JA, Tardif JC, Ballantyne CM, Chung MK. Cardiovascular benefits outweigh risks in patients with atrial fibrillation in REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial). Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
REDUCE-IT, a multinational, double-blind trial, randomized 8179 statin-treated patients with controlled low density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and cardiovascular (CV) risk, to icosapent ethyl (IPE) 4 grams/day or placebo. IPE reduced the primary (CV death, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, coronary revascularization, hospitalization for unstable angina) and key secondary (CV death, MI, stroke) endpoints 25% and 26%, respectively (each p<0.0001), and individual components including stroke (28%), MI (31%), cardiac arrest (48%), and sudden cardiac death (31%) (all p≤0.01). With IPE, bleeding was greater (11.8% vs 9.9%; p=0.006), serious bleeding trended higher (2.7% vs 2.1%; p=0.06), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/F) hospitalization endpoints increased (3.1% vs 2.1%; p=0.004).
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of IPE on the risk of CV events and safety measures in patients by either history of AF/F or in-study occurrence of positively adjudicated AF/F hospitalization.
Methods
Conduct post hoc efficacy and safety subgroup analyses of patients with or without either baseline history of AF/F or in-study adjudicated AF/F hospitalization, including hospitalization for ≥24 hours; AF/F not meeting endpoint criteria were reported as adverse events.
Results
Patients with (n=751; 9.2%) AF/F history at baseline (vs without; n=7428; 90.8%) (Figure 1), or those with (n=211; 2.6%) positively adjudicated in-study AF/F hospitalization endpoints (vs without; n=7968; 97.4%) (Figure 2), had higher event rates of primary, key secondary, and fatal or nonfatal stroke endpoints, but relative risk reductions with IPE were not significantly different (all interaction p-values [pint]=ns). Similar reductions were observed with IPE across the prespecified endpoint testing hierarchy in patients with or without AF/F history or in-study hospitalization endpoints. Patients with baseline AF/F history had similar relative risk for in-study occurrence of AF/F hospitalization with IPE versus placebo (pint=0.21) but had greater absolute risk (12.5% vs 6.3%, IPE vs placebo) vs patients without baseline AF/F history (2.2% vs 1.6%, IPE vs placebo); i.e., recurrent AF/F in those with a prior history of AF/F was more prevalent than de novo AF/F. Serious bleeding trended higher regardless of AF/F history or in-study AF/F hospitalization endpoints (all pint=ns); absolute risk of serious bleeding was greater in patients with AF/F history at baseline (7.3% vs 6.0%) vs those without a baseline history of AF/F (2.3% vs 1.7%), and serious bleeding also trended higher in patients with in-study AF/F hospitalization (8.7% vs 6.0%) vs without (2.5% vs 2.0%) [all IPE vs placebo].
Conclusion
REDUCE-IT patients with AF/F history or in-study AF/F hospitalization endpoints had greater CV risk, but similar relative risk reduction in primary, key secondary, and fatal or nonfatal stroke endpoints with IPE.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Amarin Pharma, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Olshansky
- University of Iowa, Department of Medicine, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - D Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Miller
- University of Maryland, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - P G Steg
- FACT, Hôpital Bichat; AP-HP, INSERM Unité 1148, Paris, France
| | - E A Brinton
- Utah Lipid Center, Salt Lake City, United States of America
| | - T A Jacobson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S B Ketchum
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R T Doyle Jr
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - R A Juliano
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - L Jiao
- Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bridgewater, United States of America
| | - P Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, United States of America
| | - J A Reiffel
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, United States of America
| | - J.-C Tardif
- University of Montreal, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - C M Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - M K Chung
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
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10
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Perino AC, Gummidipundi SE, Lee J, Hedlin H, Garcia A, Ferris T, Balasubramanian V, Gardner RM, Cheung L, Hung G, Granger CB, Kowey P, Rumsfeld JS, Russo AM, True Hills M, Talati N, Nag D, Tsay D, Desai S, Desai M, Mahaffey KW, Turakhia MP, Perez MV. Arrhythmias Other Than Atrial Fibrillation in Those With an Irregular Pulse Detected With a Smartwatch: Findings From the Apple Heart Study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:e010063. [PMID: 34565178 DOI: 10.1161/circep.121.010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Perino
- Department of Medicine (A.C.P., M.P.T., M.V.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Center for Digital Health (A.C.P., M.P.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Santosh E Gummidipundi
- Quantitative Sciences Unit (S.E.G., J.L., H.H., A.G., V.B., R.M.G., M.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Justin Lee
- Quantitative Sciences Unit (S.E.G., J.L., H.H., A.G., V.B., R.M.G., M.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit (S.E.G., J.L., H.H., A.G., V.B., R.M.G., M.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ariadna Garcia
- Quantitative Sciences Unit (S.E.G., J.L., H.H., A.G., V.B., R.M.G., M.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Todd Ferris
- Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Vidhya Balasubramanian
- Quantitative Sciences Unit (S.E.G., J.L., H.H., A.G., V.B., R.M.G., M.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Rebecca M Gardner
- Quantitative Sciences Unit (S.E.G., J.L., H.H., A.G., V.B., R.M.G., M.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | | | - Grace Hung
- Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | | | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - John S Rumsfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.)
| | - Andrea M Russo
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.)
| | | | - Nisha Talati
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research (N.T., K.W.M.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Divya Nag
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G., D.N.)
| | - David Tsay
- Apple, Inc, Cupertino, CA (L.C., D.T., S.D.)
| | | | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Sciences Unit (S.E.G., J.L., H.H., A.G., V.B., R.M.G., M.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research (N.T., K.W.M.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Mintu P Turakhia
- Department of Medicine (A.C.P., M.P.T., M.V.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Center for Digital Health (A.C.P., M.P.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Marco V Perez
- Department of Medicine (A.C.P., M.P.T., M.V.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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11
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Albers GW, Bernstein R, Brachmann J, Camm AJ, Fromm P, Goto S, Granger CB, Hohnloser SH, Hylek E, Krieger D, Passman R, Pines JM, Kowey P. Reexamination of the Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Concept. Stroke 2021; 52:2715-2722. [PMID: 34192898 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Occult atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of stroke of unclear cause. The optimal approach to secondary stroke prevention for these patients remains elusive. The term embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) was coined to describe ischemic strokes in which the radiographic features demonstrate territorial infarcts resembling those seen in patients with confirmed sources of embolism but without a clear source of embolism detected. It was assumed that patients with ESUS had a high rate of occult AF and would benefit from treatment with direct oral anticoagulants, which are at least as effective as vitamin K antagonists for secondary stroke prevention in patients with AF, but with a much lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Two recent large randomized trials failed to show superiority of direct oral anticoagulants over aspirin in ESUS patients. These findings prompt a reexamination of the ESUS concept, with the goal of improving specificity for detecting patients with a cardioembolic cause. Based on the negative trial results, there is renewed interest in the role of long-term cardiac monitoring for AF in patients who fit the current ESUS definition, as well as the clinical implication of detecting AF. Ongoing trials are exploring these questions. Current ESUS definitions do not accurately detect the patients who should be prescribed direct oral anticoagulants, potentially because occult AF is less common than expected in these patients and/or anticoagulants may be less beneficial in patients with ESUS but no AF than they are for patients with stroke with established AF. More specific criteria to identify patients who may be at higher risk for occult AF and reduce their risk of subsequent stroke have been developed and are being tested in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology and the Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford Medical Center, CA (G.W.A.)
| | | | - Johannes Brachmann
- REGIOMED Centrum for Cardiology and Angiology, Kliniken Coburg, II Med Klinik, Germany (J.B.)
| | - A John Camm
- St. George's University of London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.)
| | - Peter Fromm
- Mount Sinai South Nassau, Oceanside, NY (P.F.)
| | - Shinya Goto
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Derk Krieger
- Mediclinic City Hospital, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (D.K.)
| | - Rod Passman
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL (R.P.)
| | | | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Hospital and Medical Research Center, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.)
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12
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Thind M, Zareba W, Atar D, Crijns H, Zhu J, Pak HN, Reiffel J, Ludwigs U, Wieloch M, Stewart J, Kowey P. Efficacy and safety of dronedarone vs placebo in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter across a spectrum of renal function: post hoc analyses of the EURIDIS-ADONIS trials. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
The use of antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex because impaired renal clearance can cause increased drug levels, and risk of intolerance or adverse events. Since CKD commonly co-occurs with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL), it is important to establish efficacy and safety for such drugs when used in AF/AFL patients with CKD.
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dronedarone in patients with AF or AFL across different levels of renal function.
Methods
This post hoc analysis evaluated pooled data from two multicentre, double-blind, randomised (2:1) trials of rhythm control with dronedarone 400 mg twice daily vs placebo. Primary endpoint was time to first recurrence of AF or AFL. Renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) was assessed with the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Patients were grouped by eGFR strata. Log-rank testing and Cox regression were used to compare time to events between treatment groups.
Results
Most (85%) patients had mild or mild-to-moderate decrease in eGFR (Table 1). Median time to first AF recurrence was significantly longer in the dronedarone vs placebo group for all eGFR subgroups except the 30–44 mL/min group (Figure 1), where the trend was consistent; however, the small population size may have precluded meaningful analyses in this subgroup. Serious adverse events, deaths, and treatment discontinuations did not differ notably between each group irrespective of eGFR strata.
Conclusions
This analysis confirms the efficacy and safety of dronedarone in patients with AF across a wide spectrum of renal function.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Sanofi
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thind
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, United States of America
| | - W Zareba
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
| | - D Atar
- University of Oslo, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Crijns
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), and Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht, Netherlands (The)
| | - J Zhu
- Fuwai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - H.-N Pak
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Reiffel
- Columbia University Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - P Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, United States of America
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13
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Perez MV, Mahaffey KW, Hedlin H, Rumsfeld JS, Garcia A, Ferris T, Balasubramanian V, Russo AM, Rajmane A, Cheung L, Hung G, Lee J, Kowey P, Talati N, Nag D, Gummidipundi SE, Beatty A, Hills MT, Desai S, Granger CB, Desai M, Turakhia MP. Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1909-1917. [PMID: 31722151 PMCID: PMC8112605 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1901183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 869] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical sensors on wearable devices can detect irregular pulses. The ability of a smartwatch application (app) to identify atrial fibrillation during typical use is unknown. METHODS Participants without atrial fibrillation (as reported by the participants themselves) used a smartphone (Apple iPhone) app to consent to monitoring. If a smartwatch-based irregular pulse notification algorithm identified possible atrial fibrillation, a telemedicine visit was initiated and an electrocardiography (ECG) patch was mailed to the participant, to be worn for up to 7 days. Surveys were administered 90 days after notification of the irregular pulse and at the end of the study. The main objectives were to estimate the proportion of notified participants with atrial fibrillation shown on an ECG patch and the positive predictive value of irregular pulse intervals with a targeted confidence interval width of 0.10. RESULTS We recruited 419,297 participants over 8 months. Over a median of 117 days of monitoring, 2161 participants (0.52%) received notifications of irregular pulse. Among the 450 participants who returned ECG patches containing data that could be analyzed - which had been applied, on average, 13 days after notification - atrial fibrillation was present in 34% (97.5% confidence interval [CI], 29 to 39) overall and in 35% (97.5% CI, 27 to 43) of participants 65 years of age or older. Among participants who were notified of an irregular pulse, the positive predictive value was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.92) for observing atrial fibrillation on the ECG simultaneously with a subsequent irregular pulse notification and 0.71 (97.5% CI, 0.69 to 0.74) for observing atrial fibrillation on the ECG simultaneously with a subsequent irregular tachogram. Of 1376 notified participants who returned a 90-day survey, 57% contacted health care providers outside the study. There were no reports of serious app-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The probability of receiving an irregular pulse notification was low. Among participants who received notification of an irregular pulse, 34% had atrial fibrillation on subsequent ECG patch readings and 84% of notifications were concordant with atrial fibrillation. This siteless (no on-site visits were required for the participants), pragmatic study design provides a foundation for large-scale pragmatic studies in which outcomes or adherence can be reliably assessed with user-owned devices. (Funded by Apple; Apple Heart Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03335800.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco V Perez
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Haley Hedlin
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - John S Rumsfeld
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Ariadna Garcia
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Todd Ferris
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Vidhya Balasubramanian
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Andrea M Russo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Amol Rajmane
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Lauren Cheung
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Grace Hung
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Justin Lee
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Peter Kowey
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Nisha Talati
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Divya Nag
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Santosh E Gummidipundi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Alexis Beatty
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Mellanie True Hills
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Sumbul Desai
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Christopher B Granger
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Manisha Desai
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
| | - Mintu P Turakhia
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.V.P.), Stanford Center for Clinical Research (K.W.M., A.R., N.T.), the Quantitative Sciences Unit (H.H., A.G., V.B., J.L., S.E.G., M.D.), Information Resources and Technology (T.F., G.H.), Department of Medicine (S.D.), and the Center for Digital Health (M.P.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Apple, Cupertino (L.C., D.N., A.B., S.D.), and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto (M.P.T.) - all in California; the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (J.S.R.); the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ (A.M.R.); the Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia (P.K.); StopAfib.org, American Foundation for Women's Health, Decatur, TX (M.T.H.); and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.B.G.)
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14
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Waldron N, Shrader P, Levy J, Allen L, Chan P, Ezekowitz M, Fonarow G, Freeman J, Gersh B, Hylek E, Kowey P, Mahaffey K, Naccarelli G, Reiffel J, Singer D, Steinberg B, Peterson E, Piccini J. NON VITAMIN K ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF PERIOPERATIVE BLEEDING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Steinberg BA, Holmes D, Pieper K, Chan P, Fonarow G, Freeman J, Allen L, Hylek E, Ezekowitz M, Kowey P, Singer D, Gersh B, Mahaffey K, Naccarelli G, Reiffel J, Peterson E, Piccini J. CHARACTERISTICS OF AF PATIENTS WITH LARGE IMPROVEMENT IN SYMPTOMS AT ONE YEAR: SUPER-RESPONSE IN THE ORBIT-AF REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Turakhia MP, Desai M, Hedlin H, Rajmane A, Talati N, Ferris T, Desai S, Nag D, Patel M, Kowey P, Rumsfeld JS, Russo AM, Hills MT, Granger CB, Mahaffey KW, Perez MV. Rationale and design of a large-scale, app-based study to identify cardiac arrhythmias using a smartwatch: The Apple Heart Study. Am Heart J 2019; 207:66-75. [PMID: 30392584 PMCID: PMC8099048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Smartwatch and fitness band wearable consumer electronics can passively measure pulse rate from the wrist using photoplethysmography (PPG). Identification of pulse irregularity or variability from these data has the potential to identify atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF, collectively). The rapidly expanding consumer base of these devices allows for detection of undiagnosed AF at scale. Methods The Apple Heart Study is a prospective, single arm pragmatic study that has enrolled 419,093 participants (NCT03335800). The primary objective is to measure the proportion of participants with an irregular pulse detected by the Apple Watch (Apple Inc, Cupertino, CA) with AF on subsequent ambulatory ECG patch monitoring. The secondary objectives are to: 1) characterize the concordance of pulse irregularity notification episodes from the Apple Watch with simultaneously recorded ambulatory ECGs; 2) estimate the rate of initial contact with a health care provider within 3 months after notification of pulse irregularity. The study is conducted virtually, with screening, consent and data collection performed electronically from within an accompanying smartphone app. Study visits are performed by telehealth study physicians via video chat through the app, and ambulatory ECG patches are mailed to the participants. Conclusions The results of this trial will provide initial evidence for the ability of a smartwatch algorithm to identify pulse irregularity and variability which may reflect previously unknown AF. The Apple Heart Study will help provide a foundation for how wearable technology can inform the clinical approach to AF identification and screening. (Am Heart J 2019;207:66–75.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu P Turakhia
- Center for Digital Health, Stanford University Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Amol Rajmane
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nisha Talati
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Todd Ferris
- Information Resources and Technology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Andrea M Russo
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
| | | | | | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Marco V Perez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
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17
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Aziz PF, Berger S, Kowey P, Krucoff M, Lopez-Anderson M, Michelson E, Molossi S, Morrow V, Rodriguez I, Saarel TE, Strnadova C, Vetter V, Wright TJ, Idriss SF. The Second Annual Think Tank on Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: Developing a rational, reliable, and sustainable national health care resource. A report from the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium. Am Heart J 2018; 202:104-108. [PMID: 29920452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death in the young (SCDY) spans gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class. The loss of any pediatric patient is a matter of national and international public health concern, and focused efforts should be aimed at preventing these burdensome tragedies. Prepared by members of the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium, this White Paper summarizes and reports the dialogue at the second Think Tank related to the issues and the proposed solutions for the development of a national resource for screening and prevention of SCDY. This Think Tank, sponsored by the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium and the United States Food and Drug Administration, convened on February 18, 2016, in Miami, FL, to identify and resolve the barriers that prevent early identification of patients at risk for SCDY. All potential stakeholders including national and international experts from industry, medicine, academics, engineering, and community advocacy leaders had an opportunity to share ideas and collaborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Aziz
- Pediatric Electrophysiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Stuart Berger
- The Willis J. Potts Heart Center, Interim Division Head, Cardiology, Vice Chair, Pediatrics-Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Professor of Pediatrics-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA, Professor of Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell Krucoff
- Duke University Medical Center, Director, Cardiovascular Devices Unit, Director, eECG Core Laboratories, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Eric Michelson
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvana Molossi
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | - Ignacio Rodriguez
- Cardiac Safety Research Consortium, Roche TCRC, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Tess Elizabeth Saarel
- Pediatric Electrophysiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Colette Strnadova
- Health Products and Food Branch-Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Vetter
- Youth Heart Watch, Professor of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theressa J Wright
- GPS Cardiology, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Salim F Idriss
- Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Electrophysiology, Duke Children's Pediatric & Congenital Heart Center, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Kanagaratnam L, Kowey P, Whalley D. Pharmacological Therapy for Rate and Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation in 2017. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 26:926-933. [PMID: 28778376 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the emergence of non-pharmacological approaches, medical therapy remains the primary modality of treatment for most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This review will look at evidence for rate and rhythm control approaches, and at factors that would help in choosing the appropriate treatment strategy for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Kanagaratnam
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Ryde Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Heart Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA; Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Whalley
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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White WB, Kowey P, Diva U, Sostek M, Tummala R. Cardiovascular Safety of the Selective μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist Naloxegol: A Novel Therapy for Opioid-Induced Constipation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23:309-317. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248418760239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Naloxegol is a novel selective, peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist for treating opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with chronic pain syndromes. We analyzed the cardiovascular (CV) safety of naloxegol based on data from its development program prior to approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2015. Methods: Comprehensive CV safety analyses were performed in 4 clinical studies of naloxegol (12.5 and/or 25 mg) in patients with noncancer pain and OIC: two 12-week, double-blind, randomized studies; a 12-week, double-blind, extension study; and a 52-week, randomized, open-label study versus usual care. Evaluations of baseline CV risk were obtained from medical histories and clinical findings at the time of study initiation. Results: Across the 4 studies (N = 2135), 68% of patients had ≥1 CV risk factor and 41% had a history of CV disease, diabetes, or ≥2 other CV risk factors. There were no increases in blood pressure, heart rate, or the rate-pressure product with naloxegol versus placebo. The rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) per 100 patient-years of exposure were 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-2.89) for placebo/usual care and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.24-1.75) for naloxegol. The relative risk of MACE for all doses of naloxegol versus placebo was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.14-3.36). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that naloxegol has a CV safety profile comparable to placebo/usual care in patients with OIC. Although the observed number of events was low, the data show no CV signal in patients with OIC treated with naloxegol.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. White
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Main Line Health System, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Ulysses Diva
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mark Sostek
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Raj Tummala
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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20
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Reiffel JA, Verma A, Kowey P, Halperin J, Gersh B, Elkind MS, Ziegler P, Sherfesee L, Wachter R. A COMPARISON OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION MONITORING STRATEGIES IN PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND STROKE: RESULTS FROM THE REVEAL AF STUDY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)30815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Tea I, Caruso M, Tamer K, Kowey P. THE SHOCKING TRUTH: PHANTOM SHOCKS AS A MANIFESTATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH ICD INSERTION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)33074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Echouffo Tcheugui JB, Shrader P, Thomas L, Gersh BJ, Kowey P, Mahaffey KW, Singer DE, Hylek EM, Go AS, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, Fonarow GCFC. Abstract 127: Differences in Care Patterns, Health Status, and Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With and Without Diabetes: Findings From the ORBIT-AF Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.10.suppl_3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Diabetes is a common among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known on the impact of diabetes on symptoms, health status, care and outcomes among AF patients. We assessed whether symptoms, health status, care and outcomes differ between AF patients with and without diabetes.
Methods:
This observational cohort study included 9,749 patients with AF from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation registry, a prospective, nationwide, multicenter outpatient registry of patients with incident and prevalent AF enrolled at 174 sites between June 2010 and August 2011. The outcomes were symptoms, health status, and AF treatment, as well as 2-year risks of death, readmission, thrombomebolic events, heart failure (HF) and AF progression.
Results:
Among AF patients; those with diabetes (29.5%) were younger and more likely to have hypertension, chronic kidney disease, HF, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Patients with diabetes had a lower Atrial Fibrillation Effects on Quality of Life score (80.6 [IQR: 62.5 - 92.6] vs. 82.4 [IQR: 67.6 -93.5];
P
= 0.025), but a higher CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (5 [IQR: 4 - 6] vs. 4 [2 - 5];
P
<0.0001) and were more likely to receive anticoagulation (
P
<0.001). Diabetes was associated with higher mortality, with a greater overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.63 [95% CI: 1.04-2.56] for age<70 vs. 1.25 [1.09-1.44] for age ≥70) and cardiovascular (2.20 [1.22-3.98] for age<70 vs. 1.24 [1.02-1.51] for age ≥70) mortality risks before age 70 years. Diabetes conferred a higher risk of non-cardiovascular (CV) death (1.29 [1.06-1.56]), sudden cardiac death (1.53 [1.04-2.26]), hospitalization (1.15 [1.09-1.22]), CV hospitalization (1.13 [1.05-1.22]) and non-CV and non-bleeding-related hospitalization (1.19 [1.10-1.30]); but no increase in risks of thromboembolic events, bleeding related hospitalization, new-onset HF, and AF progression. The use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) modifies the relation of diabetes and all-cause hospitalization, with a higher risk among those on OAC (1.21 [1.12-1.29]).
Conclusions:
Among patients with AF, diabetes was associated with worse AF symptoms and lower quality of life, as well an increased risk of death and hospitalizations, but not with the risk of thromboembolic or bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Med Rsch, Wynnewood, PA
| | | | | | | | - Alan S Go
- Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA
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23
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Madhavan M, Simon D, Piccini J, Ansell J, Fonarow G, Go AS, Hylek E, Kowey P, Mahaffey K, Thomas L, Peterson E, Gersh B. DOES FRAILTY ALTER THE BENEFITS OF ORAL ANTICOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION? J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Lopes RD, Rao M, Simon DN, Thomas L, Ansell J, Fonarow GC, Gersh BJ, Go AS, Hylek EM, Kowey P, Piccini JP, Singer DE, Chang P, Peterson ED, Mahaffey KW. Triple vs Dual Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Med 2016; 129:592-599.e1. [PMID: 26797080 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of triple antithrombotic therapy vs dual antithrombotic therapy in patients with both atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease remains unclear. This study explores the differences in treatment practices and outcomes between triple antithrombotic therapy and dual antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease. METHODS Using the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (n = 10,135), we analyzed outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (n = 1827) according to treatment with triple antithrombotic therapy (defined as concurrent therapy with an oral anticoagulant, a thienopyridine, and aspirin) or dual antithrombotic therapy (comprising either an oral anticoagulant and one antiplatelet agent [OAC plus AA] or 2 antiplatelet drugs and no anticoagulant [DAP]). RESULTS The use of triple antithrombotic therapy, OAC plus AA, and DAP at baseline was 8.5% (n = 155), 80.4% (n = 1468), and 11.2% (n = 204), respectively. Among patients treated with OAC plus AA, aspirin was the most common antiplatelet agent used (90%), followed by clopidogrel (10%) and prasugrel (0.1%). The use of triple antithrombotic therapy was not affected by patient risk of either stroke or bleeding. Patients treated with triple antithrombotic therapy at baseline were hospitalized for all causes (including cardiovascular) more often than patients on OAC plus AA (adjusted hazard ratio 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.26; P <.0001) or DAP (hazard ratio 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.65; P = .0018). Rates of major bleeding or a combined cardiovascular outcome were not significantly different by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Choice of antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease was not affected by patient stroke or bleeding risks. Triple antithrombotic therapy-treated patients were more likely to be hospitalized for all causes than those on OAC plus AA or on DAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato D Lopes
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
| | - Meena Rao
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - DaJuanicia N Simon
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Laine Thomas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jack Ansell
- Hofstra North Shore/LIJ School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pa
| | - Jonathan P Piccini
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Daniel E Singer
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | - Eric D Peterson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Patton KK, Ellinor PT, Ezekowitz M, Kowey P, Lubitz SA, Perez M, Piccini J, Turakhia M, Wang P, Viskin S. Electrocardiographic Early Repolarization. Circulation 2016; 133:1520-9. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Steinberg B, Shrader P, Thomas L, Fonarow G, Hylek E, Ansell J, Kowey P, Gersh B, Mahaffey K, Go AS, O'Brien E, Singer D, Peterson E, Piccini J. ORAL ANTICOAGULANT SELECTION IN COMMUNITY PATIENTS WITH NEW-ONSET ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RESULTS FROM THE ORBIT-AF II REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barnett A, Kim S, Thomas L, Fonarow G, Mahaffey K, Kowey P, Ansell J, Gersh B, Go AS, Hylek E, Peterson E, Piccini J. ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: FINDINGS FROM ORBIT-AF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang L, Khaji A, Shaik Z, Goldman S, Rodriguez R, Igidbashian L, Khan H, Gnall E, Coady P, Hawthorne K, Plestis K, Kowey P. AORTIC VALVE REPAIR/REPLACEMENT SHORTENS THE PROLONGED QT INTERVAL IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED LONG QT SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Melloni C, Shrader P, Carver J, Piccini J, Fonarow G, Ansell J, Gersh B, Go A, Hylek E, Herling I, Mahaffey K, Peterson E, Kowey P. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND CANCER: THE ORBIT-AF REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Reiffel JA, Camm AJ, Belardinelli L, Zeng D, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Olmsted A, Zareba W, Rosero S, Kowey P. The HARMONY Trial: Combined Ranolazine and Dronedarone in the Management of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Synergism. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:1048-56. [PMID: 26226999 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.002856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) requires arrhythmogenic changes in atrial ion channels/receptors and usually altered atrial structure. AF is commonly treated with antiarrhythmic drugs; the most effective block many ion channels/receptors. Modest efficacy, intolerance, and safety concerns limit current antiarrhythmic drugs. We hypothesized that combining agents with multiple anti-AF mechanisms at reduced individual drug doses might produce synergistic efficacy plus better tolerance/safety. METHODS AND RESULTS HARMONY tested midrange ranolazine (750 mg BID) combined with 2 reduced dronedarone doses (150 mg BID and 225 mg BID; chosen to reduce dronedarone's negative inotropic effect-see text below) over 12 weeks in 134 patients with paroxysmal AF and implanted pacemakers where AF burden (AFB) could be continuously assessed. Patients were randomized double-blind to placebo, ranolazine alone (750 mg BID), dronedarone alone (225 mg BID), or one of the combinations. Neither placebo nor either drugs alone significantly reduced AFB. Conversely, ranolazine 750 mg BID/dronedarone 225 mg BID reduced AFB by 59% versus placebo (P=0.008), whereas ranolazine 750 mg BID/dronedarone 150 mg BID reduced AFB by 43% (P=0.072). Both combinations were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS HARMONY showed synergistic AFB reduction by moderate dose ranolazine plus reduced dose dronedarone, with good tolerance/safety, in the population enrolled. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01522651.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Reiffel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.).
| | - A John Camm
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - Luiz Belardinelli
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - Dewan Zeng
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - Ewa Karwatowska-Prokopczuk
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - Ann Olmsted
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - Wojciech Zareba
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - Spencer Rosero
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kowey
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (J.A.R.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Georges University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C.); Cardiovascular Clinical Research, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA (L.B., D.Z., E.K.-P., A.O.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY (W.Z., S.R.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (P.K.)
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Jackson LR, Kim S, Shrader P, Blanco R, Thomas L, Ansell J, Fonarow GC, Gersh BJ, Go AS, Kowey P, Mahaffey KW, Hylek EM, Burton P, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Abstract 152: Persistence of Warfarin versus Dabigatran Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the ORBIT AF Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.8.suppl_2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Warfarin and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) such as dabigatran are effective for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, few analyses have compared persistence rates of warfarin vs. dabigatran-treated patients.
Methods:
The ORBIT-AF registry enrolled patients with AF from 173 clinical practices across the US. One-year persistence of warfarin vs. dabigatran was defined as treatment at baseline visit and at 1-year follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify characteristics associated with warfarin or NOAC persistent use.
Results:
At baseline, 6.4% (N=459/7,150) were treated with dabigatran and 93.6% (N=6,691/7,150) with warfarin. Patients treated with warfarin at baseline were older (74 vs. 71, p<.0001), had more NYHA class III/IV heart failure (7 vs. 5, p=.0007), lower creatinine clearance (77 vs. 88, p<.0001), higher CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores, and more prior CVA/TIA events (16 vs. 11, p=.003). Patients treated with dabigatran had more severe symptoms (EHRA class III: 20 vs. 14, p<.0001), higher rates of treatment with a rhythm control strategy (42.7 vs. 28.2, p<.0001), more attempts at cardioversion (38.3 vs. 32.1, p<.006), and catheter ablation of AF (9.8 vs. 5.2, p<.0001). At 12 months, adjusted persistence rates for warfarin were higher than dabigatran [82% (80-84) vs. 67% (61-73) p<.0001]. Factors independently associated with one year persistence were: African American race (OR 1.53, 95% C.I. 1.07-2.19, p=0.02), Hispanic race (OR 1.66, 95% C.I. 1.06-2.60), paroxysmal AF (vs. new onset) (OR 1.68, 95% C.I. 1.21-2.33, p=.002), LVH (OR 1.40, 95% C.I. 1.08-1.81, p=.01), persistent AF (vs. new onset) (OR 1.91, 95% C.I. 1.35-2.69, p=.0002), and CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores ≥ 2 (OR 1.94, 95% C.I. 1.18-3.19, p=.009).
Conclusion:
Persistence rates for warfarin were higher at one year than those on dabigatran. In addition, factors associated with persistence of warfarin include: African American and Hispanic race, type of AF including permanent and persistent, LVH, and CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores ≥ 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jack Ansell
- New York Univ Sch of Medicine, New York City, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Alan S Go
- Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Peter Kowey
- Lankenau Institute for Med Rsch, Jefferson Med College, Wynnewood, PA
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Sager PT, Seltzer J, Turner JR, Anderson JL, Hiatt WR, Kowey P, Prochaska JJ, Stockbridge N, White WB. Cardiovascular Safety Outcome Trials: A meeting report from the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium. Am Heart J 2015; 169:486-95. [PMID: 25819855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This White Paper provides a summary of presentations and discussions at a Cardiovascular Safety Outcome Trials Think Tank cosponsored by the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the American College of Cardiology, held at American College of Cardiology's Heart House, Washington, DC, on February 19, 2014. Studies to assess cardiovascular (CV) risk of a new drug are sometimes requested by regulators to resolve ambiguous safety signals seen during its development or among other members of its class. Think Tank participants thought that important considerations in undertaking such studies were as follows: (1) plausibility-how likely it is that a possible signal indicating risk is real, based on strength of evidence, and/or whether a plausible mechanism of action for potential CV harm has been identified; (2) relevance-what relative and absolute CV risk would need to be excluded to determine that the drug had an acceptable benefit-to-risk balance for its use in the intended patient population; and (3) how plausibility and relevance influence the timing and approach to further safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - William R Hiatt
- Division of Cardiology/CPC Clinical Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | | | - William B White
- Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT.
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Gundlund A, Fosboel EL, Kim S, Fonarow G, Gersh B, Go AS, Kowey P, Hylek E, Mahaffey K, Chang P, Thomas L, Peterson E, Piccini J. OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: FINDINGS FROM THE OUTCOMES REGISTRY FOR BETTER INFORMED TREATMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(15)60389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pokorney S, Simon DN, Thomas L, Fonarow G, Kowey P, Chang P, Singer D, Ansell J, Blanco R, Gersh B, Mahaffey K, Hylek E, Go AS, Piccini J, Peterson E. THE MYTH OF THE STABLE INR PATIENT: RESULTS FROM ORBIT-AF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(15)60344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Steinberg B, Kim S, Thomas L, Fonarow G, Gersh B, Holmqvist F, Hylek E, Kowey P, Mahaffey K, Naccarelli G, Reiffel J, Chang P, Peterson E, Piccini J. J-SHAPED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESTING HEART RATE AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH PERMANENT AF: RESULTS FROM THE OUTCOMES REGISTRY FOR BETTER INFORMED TREATMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (ORBIT-AF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(15)60384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pokorney S, Kim S, Zhu Z, Thomas L, Fonarow G, Ezekowitz M, Kowey P, Chang P, Gersh B, Mahaffey K, Peterson E, Piccini J. CARDIOVERSIONS AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: PATIENT OUTCOMES IN THE UNITED STATES: DATA FROM ORBIT-AF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(14)60432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Holmqvist F, Guan N, Zhu Z, Kowey P, Allen L, Fonarow G, Hylek E, Mahaffey K, Chang P, Holmes D, Peterson E, Piccini J, Gersh BJ. OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: FINDINGS FROM ORBIT-AF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(14)60292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Steinberg B, Kim S, Thomas L, Blanco R, Ansell J, Fonarow G, Gersh B, Hylek E, Mahaffey K, Kowey P, Singer D, Chang P, Piccini J, Peterson E. ASSESSMENT OF STROKE RISK IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: PHYSICIAN ESTIMATE VERSUS CHADS2 RISK SCORE: RESULTS FROM ORBIT-AF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(14)60357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Steinberg BA, Kim S, Thomas L, Fonarow GC, Hylek E, Ansell J, Go AS, Chang P, Kowey P, Gersh BJ, Mahaffey KW, Singer DE, Piccini JP, Peterson ED. Lack of concordance between empirical scores and physician assessments of stroke and bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation: results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry. Circulation 2014; 129:2005-12. [PMID: 24682387 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.008643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians treating patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) must weigh the benefits of anticoagulation in preventing stroke versus the risk of bleeding. Although empirical models have been developed to predict such risks, the degree to which these coincide with clinicians' estimates is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 10 094 AF patients enrolled in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of AF (ORBIT-AF) registry between June 2010 and August 2011. Empirical stroke and bleeding risks were assessed by using the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (CHADS2) and Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) scores, respectively. Separately, physicians were asked to categorize their patients' stroke and bleeding risks: low risk (<3%); intermediate risk (3%-6%); and high risk (>6%). Overall, 72% (n=7251) in ORBIT-AF had high-risk CHADS2 scores (≥2). However, only 16% were assessed as high stroke risk by physicians. Although 17% (n=1749) had high ATRIA bleeding risk (score ≥5), only 7% (n=719) were considered so by physicians. The associations between empirical and physician-estimated stroke and bleeding risks were low (weighted Kappa 0.1 and 0.11, respectively). Physicians weighed hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus less significantly than empirical models in estimating stroke risk; physicians weighted anemia and dialysis less significantly than empirical models when estimating bleeding risks. Anticoagulation use was highest among patients with high stroke risk, assessed by either empirical model or physician estimates. In contrast, physician and empirical estimates of bleeding had limited impact on treatment choice. CONCLUSIONS There is little agreement between provider-assessed risk and empirical scores in AF. These differences may explain, in part, the current divergence of anticoagulation treatment decisions from guideline recommendations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01165710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Steinberg
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.).
| | - Sunghee Kim
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Laine Thomas
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Elaine Hylek
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Jack Ansell
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Alan S Go
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Paul Chang
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Peter Kowey
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Daniel E Singer
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Jonathan P Piccini
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
| | - Eric D Peterson
- From the Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (B.A.S., J.P.P., E.D.P.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (B.A.S., S.K., L.T., J.P.P., E.D.P.); UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (G.C.F.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.H.); New York University School of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY (J.A.); Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA (A.S.G.); Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raritan, NJ (P.C.); Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA (P.K.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.J.G.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K.W.M.); and Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (D.E.S.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Sager
- Stanford School of Medicine, Cardiac Safety Research Consortium, Palo Alto, CA
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Khaji A, Zhang L, Kowey P, Martinez-Lage M, Kocovic D. Mega-epsilon waves on 12-lead ECG—just another case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy? J Electrocardiol 2013; 46:524-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Donohue J, Tashkin D, Ferguson G, Kowey P, Rekeda L, Shrestha P, Garcia Gil E, Caracta C. Long-term Cardiovascular Safety of Aclidinium Bromide in Patients With COPD. Chest 2013. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1703139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Ferguson G, Kerwin E, Singh D, Kowey P, Rekeda L, Shrestha P, Garcia Gil E, Caracta C. Cardiovascular Safety of Aclidinium Bromide in COPD: Pooled Results From 3 Placebo-Controlled Studies. Chest 2013. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1703123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Fosbol EL, Holmes DN, Piccini JP, Thomas L, Reiffel JA, Mills RM, Kowey P, Mahaffey K, Gersh BJ, Peterson ED. Provider specialty and atrial fibrillation treatment strategies in United States community practice: findings from the ORBIT-AF registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000110. [PMID: 23868192 PMCID: PMC3828776 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to increase; however, there are limited data describing the division of care among practitioners in the community and whether care differs depending on provider specialty. Methods and Results Using the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of AF (ORBIT‐AF) Registry, we described patient characteristics and AF management strategies in ambulatory clinic practice settings, including electrophysiology (EP), general cardiology, and primary care. A total of 10 097 patients were included; of these, 1544 (15.3%) were cared for by an EP provider, 6584 (65.2%) by a cardiology provider, and 1969 (19.5%) by an internal medicine/primary care provider. Compared with those patients who were cared for by cardiologists or internal medicine/primary care providers, patients cared for by EP providers were younger (median age, 73 years [interquartile range, IQR, 64, 80 years, Q1, Q3] versus 75 years [IQR, 67, 82 years] for cardiology and versus 76 years [IQR, 68, 82 years] for primary care). Compared with cardiology and internal medicine/primary care providers, EP providers used rhythm control (versus rate control) management more often (44.2% versus 29.7% and 28.8%, respectively, P<0.0001; adjusted odds ratio [OR] EP versus cardiology, 1.66 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.05 to 2.61]; adjusted OR for internal medicine/primary care versus cardiology, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.65 to 1.26]). Use of oral anticoagulant therapy was high across all providers, although it was higher for cardiology and EP providers (overall, 76.1%; P=0.02 for difference between groups). Conclusions Our data demonstrate important differences between provider specialties, the demographics of the AF patient population treated, and treatment strategies—particularly for rhythm control and anticoagulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil L Fosbol
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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45
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Steinberg BA, Kim S, Piccini JP, Fonarow GC, Lopes RD, Thomas L, Ezekowitz MD, Ansell J, Kowey P, Singer DE, Gersh B, Mahaffey KW, Hylek E, Go AS, Chang P, Peterson ED. Use and associated risks of concomitant aspirin therapy with oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) Registry. Circulation 2013; 128:721-8. [PMID: 23861512 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of concomitant aspirin (ASA) therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) is unclear. We assessed concomitant ASA use and its association with clinical outcomes among AF patients treated with OAC. METHODS AND RESULTS The Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry enrolled 10 126 AF patients from 176 US practices from June 2010 through August 2011. The study population was limited to those on OAC (n=7347). Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with concomitant ASA therapy. Primary outcomes were 6-month bleeding, hospitalization, ischemic events, and mortality. Overall, 35% of AF patients (n=2543) on OAC also received ASA (OAC+ASA). Patients receiving OAC+ASA were more likely to be male (66% versus 53%; P<0.0001) and had more comorbid illness than those on OAC alone. More than one third of patients (39%) receiving OAC+ASA did not have a history of atherosclerotic disease, yet 17% had elevated Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) bleeding risk scores (≥5). Major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.96) and bleeding hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.97) were significantly higher in those on OAC+ASA compared with those on OAC alone. Rates of ischemic events were low. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AF receiving OAC are often treated with concomitant ASA, even when they do not have cardiovascular disease. Use of OAC+ASA was associated with significantly increased risk for bleeding, emphasizing the need to carefully determine if and when the benefits of concomitant ASA outweigh the risks in AF patients already on OAC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER: NCT01165710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Steinberg
- MPH, Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt St, Ste 7009, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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46
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Zhang YY, Qiu C, Davis PJ, Jhaveri M, Prystowsky EN, Kowey P, Weintraub WS. Predictors of progression of recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation in REgistry on Cardiac Rhythm DisORDers Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation (RecordAF)-United States cohort. Am J Cardiol 2013; 112:79-84. [PMID: 23561591 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) to a more sustained form is associated with increased symptoms and morbidity. The aims of the REgistry on Cardiac Rhythm DisORDers Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation (RecordAF)-United States (US) cohort study were to identify the risk factors of AF progression and the effects of management approaches. RecordAF is the first worldwide, 1-year observational study of the treatment of community-based patients with recent-onset AF. We assessed AF progression at 12 months in the US cohort. AF progression was defined as a change of AF to a more sustained form (either paroxysmal becoming persistent or permanent, or persistent becoming permanent). The US cohort included 955 patients, with mean age of 68.9 years; 56.8% were men and 88.8% were white. At entry, 59.6% of patients were selected for rate-control and 40.4% for rhythm-control therapy. At 12 months, the management strategy was unchanged for 68.2% of the patients in the rate- and 77.7% of the patients in the rhythm-control groups. Overall, AF progression had occurred in 18.6% of patients at 12 months. The progression rate was significantly greater in the rate-control (27.6%) than in the rhythm-control (5.8%) group (p <0.001). Progression to permanent AF occurred in 16.4% of patients. In addition to a rate-control strategy, older age, AF rhythm at entry, persistent AF at baseline, and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack independently predicted AF progression. Rate control was associated with AF progression, with a propensity score adjusted odds ratio of 2.67 (p <0.001). In conclusion, rate control was the preferred treatment of recent-onset AF in the US but was associated with more AF progression than rhythm control.
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47
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Liu T, Traebert M, Ju H, Suter W, Guo D, Hoffmann P, Kowey P, Yan GX. Differentiating electrophysiological effects and cardiac safety of drugs based on in vitro electrocardiogram: A blinded validation. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Holmes DN, Steinberg BA, Piccini JP, Ansell J, Chang P, Fonarow GC, Gersh B, Mahaffey K, Kowey P, Thomas L, Peterson ED, Hylek E. Abstract 303: Adoption of the Novel Oral Anticoagulant Dabigatran in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Warfarin in Community Practice: Findings from ORBIT AF. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.6.suppl_1.a303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Dabigatran is a novel oral anticoagulant approved in October 2010 for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF), yet patterns of adoption of this novel agent in clinical practice are unknown.
Methods:
Using the ORBIT-AF Registry, a national outpatient prospective AF registry involving 170 sites, we examined patterns of those switching to dabigatran from warfarin from 2010 to 2012.
Results:
Of 7,066 patients with AF receiving warfarin at baseline, 511 (7%) were switched to dabigatran during follow-up. Patients switched to dabigatran were younger (median age 73 vs. 76, p<0.0001), more likely to be White (94% vs. 89%, p=0.001), and had better kidney function (median creatinine clearance (CrCl) 77 mL/min vs. 69 mL/min, p<0.0001), but less likely to have a history of anemia, (14% vs. 18%, p=0.009) or history of any cerebrovascular disease (14% vs. 17%, p=0.04) or CAD (22% vs. 34%, p<0.0001) or be followed in an anticoagulation clinic (36% vs. 45%, p<0.0001). Patients switched to dabigatran were more likely to have been recently diagnosed with AF (5.3% vs. 3.0%, p=0.03), and their CHADS
2
scores were significantly lower (p<0.0001).
Conclusions:
Patients receiving warfarin who were switched to dabigatran were younger, with lower CHADS
2
scores, better kidney function, and less concomitant cardiovascular disease than those not switched. This conservative transition pattern suggests greater physician emphasis on bleeding avoidance than on stroke risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jack Ansell
- New York Univ Sch of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric D Peterson
- Duke Univ Med Cntr, Duke Clinical Rsch Institute, Durham, NC
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O’Brien EC, Holmes D, Koller CR, Singer DE, Ansell J, Allen LA, Hylek EM, Kowey P, Gersh B, Fonarow GC, Mahaffey KW, Chang P, Ezekowitz MD, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Abstract 10: Contraindications to Oral Anticoagulation in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.6.suppl_1.a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background.
Oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) reduces the risk of thromboembolic events associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), yet a substantial proportion of patients with AF are not prescribed OAC. The frequencies of and factors associated with contraindications to OAC therapy in clinical practice are not well-described.
Methods.
We used data from the ORBIT-AF study, a national, prospective, outpatient registry of incident and prevalent AF. OAC contraindications were uniformly collected at study enrollment by site personnel. Patient and provider characteristics were compared between participants with documented OAC contraindications at baseline and those without OAC contraindications.
Results.
From June 2010 to August 2011, 10124 patients ≥18 years old with electrocardiographically documented AF were enrolled at 176 practices. Of these, 1409 (13.9%) had OAC contraindications documented at the baseline visit: prior bleed (26.2%), patient refusal/preference (26.0%), high bleeding risk (22.6%), frequent falls/frailty (16.6%), other (11.9%), need for dual antiplatelet therapy (9.8%), unable to adhere/monitor warfarin (5.7%), comorbid illness (5.0%), prior intracranial hemorrhage (4.7%), allergy (2.3%), occupational risk (0.8%), and pregnancy (0.2%). Compared to patients without contraindications, those with contraindications had higher stroke risk (CHADS2>2) and were older, more likely to be female, more likely to be seen by a cardiologist and less likely to be seen by an electrophysiologist (Table 1). Among those patients with reported contraindications, 28.4% were taking warfarin.
Conclusions.
Contraindications to OAC therapy among AF patients are common and often due to high bleeding risk. Furthermore, many patients with reported contraindications are taking warfarin, suggesting that many contraindications to warfarin therapy are minor, relative, or temporary.
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O’Brien EC, Holmes D, Allen LA, Singer DE, Fonarow GC, Kowey P, Thomas L, Ezekowitz MD, Mahaffey KW, Chang P, Piccini JP, Peterson ED. Abstract 79: Reasons for Warfarin Discontinuation in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.6.suppl_1.a79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background.
Warfarin reduces the risk of thromboembolic events associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but therapeutic persistence is suboptimal. Few studies have investigated the reasons for warfarin discontinuation in community practice.
Methods.
We used data from ORBIT-AF, the nation’s largest AF database, to examine patterns of warfarin discontinuation over a one-year period. Patients transitioned to non-warfarin oral anticoagulation therapy were excluded. We compared patient and provider characteristics between individuals who discontinued warfarin and those who persisted.
Results.
From June 2010 to August 2011, 10,126 AF patients 18 years or older were enrolled at 176 ORBIT-AF practices. Of these, 6,559 (64.8%) were taking warfarin at baseline and have follow-up data; 514 (7.8%) of these switched to dabigatran and were excluded from the analysis. Additionally, two patients without follow-up warfarin data were excluded from the analysis. Over one year, 587 patients (9.7%) discontinued warfarin therapy. Compared to persistent users, patients who discontinued warfarin were younger, less likely to be white, had lower stroke risk (CHADS
2
<2), were more likely to follow a rhythm control strategy, and were less likely to be managed in an anticoagulation clinic (Table 1). The most commonly reported reasons for warfarin discontinuation were physician preference (31.0%), other (18.7%), patient refusal/preference (13.6%), bleeding event (13.3%), frequent falls/frailty (7.3%), high bleeding risk (6.6%), and patient inability to adhere to/monitor therapy (2.9%).
Conclusions.
Discontinuation of warfarin is common among patients with atrial fibrillation. Patient and physician preference are major contributors to persistence on warfarin therapy.
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