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Yeji F, Shibanuma A, Oduro A, Debpuur C, Kikuchi K, Owusu-Agei S, Gyapong M, Okawa S, Ansah E, Asare GQ, Nanishi K, Williams J, Addei S, Tawiah C, Yasuoka J, Enuameh Y, Sakeah E, Wontuo P, Jimba M, Hodgson A. Continuum of Care in a Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Program in Ghana: Low Completion Rate and Multiple Obstacle Factors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142849. [PMID: 26650388 PMCID: PMC4674150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Slow progress has been made in achieving the Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in Ghana. Ensuring continuum of care (at least four antenatal visits; skilled birth attendance; postnatal care within 48 hours, at two weeks, and six weeks) for mother and newborn is crucial in helping Ghana achieve these goals and beyond. This study examined the levels and factors associated with continuum of care (CoC) completion among Ghanaian women aged 15–49. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted among women who experienced live births between January 2011 and April 2013 in three regions of Ghana. In a two-stage random sampling method, 1,500 women with infants were selected and interviewed about maternal and newborn service usage in line with CoC. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with CoC completion. Results Only 8.0% had CoC completion; the greatest gap and contributor to the low CoC was detected between delivery and postnatal care within 48 hours postpartum. About 95% of women had a minimum of four antenatal visits and postnatal care at six weeks postpartum. A total of 75% had skilled assisted delivery and 25% received postnatal care within 48 hours. Factors associated with CoC completion at 95% CI were geographical location (OR = 0.35, CI 0.13–0.39), marital status (OR = 0.45; CI 0.22–0.95), education (OR = 2.71; CI 1.11–6.57), transportation (OR = 1.97; CI 1.07–3.62), and beliefs about childhood illnesses (OR = 0.34; CI0.21–0.61). Conclusion The continuum of care completion rate is low in the study site. Efforts should focus on increasing postnatal care within 48 hours and overcoming the known obstacles to increasing the continuum of care completion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Yeji
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Upper-East, Ghana
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Akira Shibanuma
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Abraham Oduro
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Upper-East, Ghana
| | - Cornelius Debpuur
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Upper-East, Ghana
| | - Kimiyo Kikuchi
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Seth Owusu-Agei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Brong-Ahafo, Ghana
| | - Margaret Gyapong
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, P.O. Box DD1, Dodowa, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Sumiyo Okawa
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Evelyn Ansah
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra MB 190, Ghana
| | | | - Keiko Nanishi
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - John Williams
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Upper-East, Ghana
| | - Sheila Addei
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, P.O. Box DD1, Dodowa, Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Charlotte Tawiah
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Brong-Ahafo, Ghana
| | - Junko Yasuoka
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Yeetey Enuameh
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Brong-Ahafo, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Sakeah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Upper-East, Ghana
| | - Peter Wontuo
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Upper-East, Ghana
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - Abraham Hodgson
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra MB 190, Ghana
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Streatfield PK, Khan WA, Bhuiya A, Hanifi SMA, Alam N, Diboulo E, Niamba L, Sié A, Lankoandé B, Millogo R, Soura AB, Bonfoh B, Kone S, Ngoran EK, Utzinger J, Ashebir Y, Melaku YA, Weldearegawi B, Gomez P, Jasseh M, Azongo D, Oduro A, Wak G, Wontuo P, Attaa-Pomaa M, Gyapong M, Manyeh AK, Kant S, Misra P, Rai SK, Juvekar S, Patil R, Wahab A, Wilopo S, Bauni E, Mochamah G, Ndila C, Williams TN, Khaggayi C, Nyaguara A, Obor D, Odhiambo FO, Ezeh A, Oti S, Wamukoya M, Chihana M, Crampin A, Collinson MA, Kabudula CW, Wagner R, Herbst K, Mossong J, Emina JBO, Sankoh OA, Byass P. Mortality from external causes in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:25366. [PMID: 25377327 PMCID: PMC4220124 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.25366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality from external causes, of all kinds, is an important component of overall mortality on a global basis. However, these deaths, like others in Africa and Asia, are often not counted or documented on an individual basis. Overviews of the state of external cause mortality in Africa and Asia are therefore based on uncertain information. The INDEPTH Network maintains longitudinal surveillance, including cause of death, at population sites across Africa and Asia, which offers important opportunities to document external cause mortality at the population level across a range of settings. OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of mortality from external causes at INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories. DESIGN All deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS A total of 5,884 deaths due to external causes were documented over 11,828,253 person-years. Approximately one-quarter of those deaths were to children younger than 15 years. Causes of death were dominated by childhood drowning in Bangladesh, and by transport-related deaths and intentional injuries elsewhere. Detailed mortality rates are presented by cause of death, age group, and sex. CONCLUSIONS The patterns of external cause mortality found here generally corresponded with expectations and other sources of information, but they fill some important gaps in population-based mortality data. They provide an important source of information to inform potentially preventive intervention designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kim Streatfield
- Matlab HDSS, Bangladesh; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - Wasif A Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Bandarban HDSS, Bangladesh
| | - Abbas Bhuiya
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Chakaria HDSS, Bangladesh; Centre for Equity and Health Systems, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Syed M A Hanifi
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Chakaria HDSS, Bangladesh; Centre for Equity and Health Systems, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Alam
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; AMK HDSS, Bangladesh; Centre for Population, Urbanisation and Climate Change, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Eric Diboulo
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Nouna HDSS, Burkina Faso; Nouna Health Research Centre, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Louis Niamba
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Nouna HDSS, Burkina Faso; Nouna Health Research Centre, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Ali Sié
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Nouna HDSS, Burkina Faso; Nouna Health Research Centre, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Bruno Lankoandé
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Ouagadougou HDSS, Burkina Faso; Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch Millogo
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Ouagadougou HDSS, Burkina Faso; Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdramane B Soura
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Ouagadougou HDSS, Burkina Faso; Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Taabo HDSS, Côte d'Ivoire; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Siaka Kone
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Taabo HDSS, Côte d'Ivoire; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Eliezer K Ngoran
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Taabo HDSS, Côte d'Ivoire; Université Félix Houphoët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Juerg Utzinger
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Taabo HDSS, Côte d'Ivoire; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yemane Ashebir
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kilite-Awlaelo HDSS, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes A Melaku
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kilite-Awlaelo HDSS, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe Weldearegawi
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kilite-Awlaelo HDSS, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Pierre Gomez
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Farafenni HDSS, The Gambia; Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Momodou Jasseh
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Farafenni HDSS, The Gambia; Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Daniel Azongo
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Navrongo HDSS, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Abraham Oduro
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Navrongo HDSS, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - George Wak
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Navrongo HDSS, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Peter Wontuo
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Navrongo HDSS, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Mary Attaa-Pomaa
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Dodowa HDSS, Ghana; Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
| | - Margaret Gyapong
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Dodowa HDSS, Ghana; Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
| | - Alfred K Manyeh
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Dodowa HDSS, Ghana; Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
| | - Shashi Kant
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Ballabgarh HDSS, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Misra
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Ballabgarh HDSS, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K Rai
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Ballabgarh HDSS, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Vadu HDSS, India; Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Rutuja Patil
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Vadu HDSS, India; Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Abdul Wahab
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Purworejo HDSS, Indonesia; Department of Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siswanto Wilopo
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Purworejo HDSS, Indonesia; Department of Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Evasius Bauni
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kilifi HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - George Mochamah
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kilifi HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Carolyne Ndila
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kilifi HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Thomas N Williams
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kilifi HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Khaggayi
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kisumu HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration and KEMRI Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Amek Nyaguara
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kisumu HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration and KEMRI Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - David Obor
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kisumu HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration and KEMRI Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Frank O Odhiambo
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Kisumu HDSS, Kenya; KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration and KEMRI Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Alex Ezeh
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Nairobi HDSS, Kenya; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Oti
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Nairobi HDSS, Kenya; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marylene Wamukoya
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Nairobi HDSS, Kenya; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Menard Chihana
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Karonga HDSS, Malawi; Karonga Prevention Study, Chilumba, Malawi
| | - Amelia Crampin
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Karonga HDSS, Malawi; Karonga Prevention Study, Chilumba, Malawi; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Collinson
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Agincourt HDSS, South Africa; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Agincourt HDSS, South Africa; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ryan Wagner
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Agincourt HDSS, South Africa; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kobus Herbst
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Joël Mossong
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; National Health Laboratory, Surveillance & Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - Osman A Sankoh
- INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam;
| | - Peter Byass
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; WHO Collaborating Centre for Verbal Autopsy, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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