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Simon M, Kuschel LP, von Hoff K, Yuan D, Hernáiz Driever P, Hain EG, Koch A, Capper D, Schulz M, Thomale UW, Euskirchen P. Rapid DNA methylation-based classification of pediatric brain tumors from ultrasonic aspirate specimens. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04702-6. [PMID: 38769169 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cavitating ultrasonic aspirators are commonly used in neurosurgical procedures, the suitability of ultrasonic aspirator-derived tumor material for diagnostic procedures is still controversial. Here, we explore the feasibility of using ultrasonic aspirator-resected tumor tissue to classify otherwise discarded sample material by fast DNA methylation-based analysis using low pass nanopore whole genome sequencing. METHODS Ultrasonic aspirator-derived specimens from pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor resection were subjected to low-pass nanopore whole genome sequencing. DNA methylation-based classification using a neural network classifier and copy number variation analysis were performed. Tumor purity was estimated from copy number profiles. Results were compared to microarray (EPIC)-based routine neuropathological histomorphological and molecular evaluation. RESULTS 19 samples with confirmed neuropathological diagnosis were evaluated. All samples were successfully sequenced and passed quality control for further analysis. DNA and sequencing characteristics from ultrasonic aspirator-derived specimens were comparable to routinely processed tumor tissue. Classification of both methods was concordant regarding methylation class in 17/19 (89%) cases. Application of a platform-specific threshold for nanopore-based classification ensured a specificity of 100%, whereas sensitivity was 79%. Copy number variation profiles were generated for all cases and matched EPIC results in 18/19 (95%) samples, even allowing the identification of diagnostically or therapeutically relevant genomic alterations. CONCLUSION Methylation-based classification of pediatric CNS tumors based on ultrasonic aspirator-reduced and otherwise discarded tissue is feasible using time- and cost-efficient nanopore sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Simon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis P Kuschel
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja von Hoff
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo Hernáiz Driever
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth G Hain
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulz
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich-Wilhelm Thomale
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Knab F, Koch SP, Major S, Farr TD, Mueller S, Euskirchen P, Eggers M, Kuffner MT, Walter J, Berchtold D, Knauss S, Dreier JP, Meisel A, Endres M, Dirnagl U, Wenger N, Hoffmann CJ, Boehm-Sturm P, Harms C. Prediction of Stroke Outcome in Mice Based on Noninvasive MRI and Behavioral Testing. Stroke 2023; 54:2895-2905. [PMID: 37746704 PMCID: PMC10589430 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of poststroke outcome using the degree of subacute deficit or magnetic resonance imaging is well studied in humans. While mice are the most commonly used animals in preclinical stroke research, systematic analysis of outcome predictors is lacking. METHODS We intended to incorporate heterogeneity into our retrospective study to broaden the applicability of our findings and prediction tools. We therefore analyzed the effect of 30, 45, and 60 minutes of arterial occlusion on the variance of stroke volumes. Next, we built a heterogeneous cohort of 215 mice using data from 15 studies that included 45 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and various genotypes. Motor function was measured using a modified protocol for the staircase test of skilled reaching. Phases of subacute and residual deficit were defined. Magnetic resonance images of stroke lesions were coregistered on the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas to characterize stroke topology. Different random forest prediction models that either used motor-functional deficit or imaging parameters were generated for the subacute and residual deficits. RESULTS Variance of stroke volumes was increased by 45 minutes of arterial occlusion compared with 60 minutes. The inclusion of various genotypes enhanced heterogeneity further. We detected both a subacute and residual motor-functional deficit after stroke in mice and different recovery trajectories could be observed. In mice with small cortical lesions, lesion volume was the best predictor of the subacute deficit. The residual deficit could be predicted most accurately by the degree of the subacute deficit. When using imaging parameters for the prediction of the residual deficit, including information about the lesion topology increased prediction accuracy. A subset of anatomic regions within the ischemic lesion had particular impact on the prediction of long-term outcomes. Prediction accuracy depended on the degree of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we developed and validated a robust tool for the prediction of functional outcomes after experimental stroke in mice using a large and genetically heterogeneous cohort. These results are discussed in light of study design and imaging limitations. In the future, using outcome prediction can improve the design of preclinical studies and guide intervention decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Knab
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
| | - Stefan Paul Koch
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility, 7T Experimental MRIs, Germany (S.P.K., T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.B.-S.)
| | - Sebastian Major
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
| | - Tracy D. Farr
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility, 7T Experimental MRIs, Germany (S.P.K., T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.B.-S.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (T.D.F.)
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility, 7T Experimental MRIs, Germany (S.P.K., T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.B.-S.)
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
| | - Moritz Eggers
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
| | - Melanie T.C. Kuffner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
| | - Josefine Walter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Germany (J.W.)
| | - Daniel Berchtold
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
| | - Samuel Knauss
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (S.K., N.W., C.J.H., C.H.)
| | - Jens P. Dreier
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany (J.P.D., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.H.)
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (J.P.D.)
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany (J.P.D., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.H.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin (M. Endres, U.D., C.H.)
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M. Endres., U.D.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M. Endres, U.D.)
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany (J.P.D., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.H.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin (M. Endres, U.D., C.H.)
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (M. Endres., U.D.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M. Endres, U.D.)
| | - Nikolaus Wenger
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (S.K., N.W., C.J.H., C.H.)
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany (J.P.D., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.H.)
| | - Christian J. Hoffmann
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (S.K., N.W., C.J.H., C.H.)
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility, 7T Experimental MRIs, Germany (S.P.K., T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.B.-S.)
| | - Christoph Harms
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Department of Experimental Neurology, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, T.D.F., S. Mueller, P.E., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., S.K., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (F.K., S.P.K., S. Major, S. Mueller., M. Eggers, M.T.C.K., J.W., D.B., J.P.D., A.M., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.J.H., P.B.-S., C.H.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (S.K., N.W., C.J.H., C.H.)
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany (J.P.D., M. Endres, U.D., N.W., C.H.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin (M. Endres, U.D., C.H.)
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Mecklenburg J, Moos V, Moter A, Siebert E, Nave AH, Schneider T, Ruprecht K, Euskirchen P. The spectrum of central nervous system involvement in Whipple's disease. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3417-3429. [PMID: 35852414 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To assess the clinical spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) involvement as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging findings in patients with Whipple's disease (WD) and to analyze the association of neurological symptoms with CSF and imaging findings. METHODS Neurological involvement was retrospectively analyzed in a series of 36 patients diagnosed with WD at a single center between 1992 and 2019. Findings of 81 comprehensive CSF examinations from 36 patients, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for Tropheryma whipplei (TW) in CSF from 35 patients, were systematically evaluated. The prevalence of ischemic stroke in patients with WD was compared to a matched control cohort. RESULTS Neurological symptoms occurred in 23 of 36 (63.9%) patients, with cognitive, motor, and oculomotor dysfunction being most frequent. TW was detected by PCR in CSF of 13 of 22 (59.1%) patients with and four of 13 (30.8%, p = 0.0496) patients without neurological symptoms. Total CSF protein (p = 0.044) and lactate (p = 0.035) were moderately elevated in WD with neurologic symptoms compared with WD without. No intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis was observed. Three of 36 (8.3%) patients had hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. Patients with WD had an unexpectedly high prevalence of ischemic stroke (10/36, 27.7%) compared to matched controls (10/360, 3.2%). CONCLUSIONS Neurological involvement in patients with WD is common. Detection of TW DNA in CSF is only partly associated with neurological symptoms. Elevated CSF parameters suggest CNS parenchymal infection. Stroke is a hitherto underrecognized manifestation of WD. These findings suggest that mechanisms beyond CNS infection contribute to the spectrum of CNS involvement in WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Mecklenburg
- Department of Neurology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Biofilmcenter, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MoKi Analytics and Moter Diagnostics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Siebert
- Department of Neuroradiology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinrich Nave
- Department of Neurology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Kuschel LP, Hench J, Frank S, Hench IB, Girard E, Blanluet M, Masliah-Planchon J, Misch M, Onken J, Czabanka M, Yuan D, Lukassen S, Karau P, Ishaque N, Hain EG, Heppner F, Idbaih A, Behr N, Harms C, Capper D, Euskirchen P. Robust methylation-based classification of brain tumours using nanopore sequencing. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12856. [PMID: 36269599 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation-based classification of cancer provides a comprehensive molecular approach to diagnose tumours. In fact, DNA methylation profiling of human brain tumours already profoundly impacts clinical neuro-oncology. However, current implementation using hybridisation microarrays is time consuming and costly. We recently reported on shallow nanopore whole-genome sequencing for rapid and cost-effective generation of genome-wide 5-methylcytosine profiles as input to supervised classification. Here, we demonstrate that this approach allows us to discriminate a wide spectrum of primary brain tumours. RESULTS Using public reference data of 82 distinct tumour entities, we performed nanopore genome sequencing on 382 tissue samples covering 46 brain tumour (sub)types. Using bootstrap sampling in a cohort of 55 cases, we found that a minimum set of 1000 random CpG features is sufficient for high-confidence classification by ad hoc random forests. We implemented score recalibration as a confidence measure for interpretation in a clinical context and empirically determined a platform-specific threshold in a randomly sampled discovery cohort (N = 185). Applying this cut-off to an independent validation series (n = 184) yielded 148 classifiable cases (sensitivity 80.4%) and demonstrated 100% specificity. Cross-lab validation demonstrated robustness with concordant results across four laboratories in 10/11 (90.9%) cases. In a prospective benchmarking (N = 15), the median time to results was 21.1 h. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, nanopore sequencing allows robust and rapid methylation-based classification across the full spectrum of brain tumours. Platform-specific confidence scores facilitate clinical implementation for which prospective evaluation is warranted and ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis P Kuschel
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Onken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Karau
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth G Hain
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nikolaus Behr
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Capper D, Reifenberger G, French PJ, Schweizer L, Weller M, Touat M, Niclou SP, Euskirchen P, Haberler C, Hegi ME, Brandner S, Le Rhun E, Rudà R, Sanson M, Tabatabai G, Sahm F, Wen PY, Wesseling P, Preusser M, van den Bent MJ. EANO guideline on rational molecular testing of gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors in adults for targeted therapy selection. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:813-826. [PMID: 36632791 PMCID: PMC10158123 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mainstay of treatment for adult patients with gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors consists of combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For many systemic cancers, targeted treatments are a part of standard of care, however the predictive significance of most of these targets in CNS tumors remains less well studied. Despite that, there is an increasing use of advanced molecular diagnostics that identify potential targets, and tumor agnostic regulatory approvals on targets also present in CNS tumors have been granted. This raises the question when and for which targets it is meaningful to test in adult patients with CNS tumors. This evidence based guideline reviews the evidence available for targeted treatment for alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway (BRAF, NF1), in growth factor receptors (EGFR, ALK, FGFR, NTRK, PDGFRA, ROS1), in cell cycle signaling (CDK4/6, MDM2/4, TSC1/2) and altered genomic stability (mismatch repair, POLE, high TMB, HRD) in adult patients with gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. At present, targeted treatment for BRAF p.V600E alterations is to be considered part of standard of care for patients with recurrent gliomas, pending regulatory approval. For approved tumor agnostic treatments for NTRK fusions and high TMB, the evidence for efficacy in adult patients with CNS tumors is very limited, and treatment should preferably be given within prospective clinical registries and trials. For targeted treatment of CNS tumors with FGFR fusions or mutations, clinical trials are ongoing to confirm modest activity so far observed in basket trials. For all other reviewed targets, evidence of benefit in CNS tumors is currently lacking, and testing/treatment should be in the context of available clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Capper
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf,Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty.,University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonille Schweizer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Touat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A, rue Nicolas Ernest-Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Neurologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Haberler
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika E Hegi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, UK.,Division of Neuropathology , The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neurology, Castelfranco Veneto/Treviso Hospital.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Dept. of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen.,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
| | - Felix Sahm
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, CCU Neuropathology, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center For Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Dept. of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc (De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV) Amsterdam,The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology (Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Patel A, Dogan H, Jung A, Seferbekova Z, Payne A, Ritter M, Schrimpf D, Stichel D, Hamelmann S, Blume C, Euskirchen P, Goidts V, Sill M, Pfister S, Loose M, Wick W, von Deimling A, Jones DT, Schlesner M, Gerstung M, Sahm F. PATH-46. COMPUTATIONAL HISTOPATHOLOGY INFORMED RAPID TARGETED NANOPORE SEQUENCING ENABLES AFFORDABLE NEXT DAY REPORTING OF COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR CNS TUMOUR DIAGNOSTICS. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Integrative brain tumour diagnostics indisputably requires comprehensive reporting of molecular markers. The 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours substantially increased the set of markers for routine evaluation, with greater significance to DNA methylation analysis in diagnostics. Limited by investment and batching, smaller labs and clinics might suffer major delays in delivering clinical decisions. To make precision diagnostics accessible, we introduce an integrated computational histopathology and adaptive nanopore sequencing workflow for next day CNS tumour diagnostics.
METHODS
We used CNS-CHiP- a multitask deep transfer learning model to predict key molecular alterations and methylation classification from H&E stained CNS tumour slides. For further characterisation and subtyping, we used the predictions to formulate a custom panel for each patient. Targeted sequencing and analyses were performed using Rapid-CNS2- a custom neurooncology nanopore sequencing pipeline for parallel copy-number, mutational and methylation analysis that is flexible in target selection with no additional library preparation and can be initiated upon receipt of frozen sections. Sequencing was performed on a portable MinION or GridION.
RESULTS
We demonstrate our workflow on diagnostic samples received by the Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg. CNS-CHiP predicted multiple pathognomonic alterations (eg. IDH mutation, 7 gain/10 loss) with reasonable accuracy. This provided basic information regarding the tumor type instantly. Personalised panels enabled small target sizes, resulting in low sequencing time (up to 24h) and competitive costs. The GPU-accelerated bioinformatics pipeline reduced analysis time from > 24h to < 3h.
CONCLUSIONS
Our workflow harnessing histology-based molecular predictions to instruct targeted nanopore sequencing can be set up with low initial investment and has the potential to facilitate reporting of molecular results on the next day of sample collection. CNS-CHiP combined with Rapid-CNS2 thus aims to make CNS tumour diagnostics affordable and accessible to smaller hospitals and labs especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Patel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg , Baden-Wurttemberg , Germany
| | - Helin Dogan
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alexander Jung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Zaira Seferbekova
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alexander Payne
- DeepSeq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ritter
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stefan Hamelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Christina Blume
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Violaine Goidts
- Brain Tumor Translational Targets, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Stefan Pfister
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Matthew Loose
- DeepSeq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg , Baden-Wurttemberg , Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - David T Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Augsburg University , Augsburg , Germany
| | - Moritz Gerstung
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
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7
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Simon M, Kuschel LP, von Hoff K, Hernáiz Driever P, Hain EG, Koch A, Capper D, Schulz M, Thomale U, Euskirchen P. P04.03.B Rapid DNA methylation-based classification of pediatric brain tumors from ultrasonic aspirate specimens. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cavitating ultrasonic aspirator (CUSA) devices are commonly used in neurosurgical procedures to carefully debulk tumor from adjacent healthy brain tissue. Here, we explore the feasibility of using ultrasonic minced tumor tissue to classify otherwise discarded sample material by DNA methylation according to the respective World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) using low pass nanopore whole genome sequencing.
Material and Methods
21 ultrasonic aspirated specimens from patients undergoing surgery in the department of pediatric neurosurgery at the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin with either newly diagnosed cerebral lesions or pre-treated lesions were processed by nanopore sequencing to generate copy number profiles and ad-hoc random forest classification. Results were compared to microarray-based routine profiling. Tumor purity was assessed.
Results
In 19/21 (90.5 %) samples the minimum amount of 1,000 CpG sites were sequenced. In 20/21 (95.2 %) cases copy number variation profiles could be generated and matched microarray derived copy number profiles, allowing for identification of diagnostically or therapeutically relevant pathognomonic alterations. 12/17 (70.6 %) samples were concordantly classified to the corresponding microarray-based diagnosis by routine neuropathological workup. Applying recently defined thresholds for nanopore-based classification resulted in sensitivity of 64.7 % and specificity of 100 %.
Conclusion
CUSA referred sample material of pediatric brain tumors allows for methylation-based classification according to the respective WHO classification of CNS tumors with acceptable sensitivity and high specificity. Hereby, a promising opportunity for accurate classification of pediatric brain tumors by a time- and cost-efficient advanced molecular technique is offered using otherwise discarded tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simon
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , Berlin , Germany
| | - L P Kuschel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology , Berlin , Germany
| | - K von Hoff
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , Berlin , Germany
| | - P Hernáiz Driever
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology , Berlin , Germany
| | - E G Hain
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Neuropathology , Berlin , Germany
| | - A Koch
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Neuropathology , Berlin , Germany
| | - D Capper
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Neuropathology , Berlin , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery , Berlin , Germany
| | - U Thomale
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery , Berlin , Germany
| | - P Euskirchen
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology , Berlin , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
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8
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Patel A, Dogan H, Payne A, Krause E, Sievers P, Schoebe N, Schrimpf D, Blume C, Stichel D, Holmes N, Euskirchen P, Hench J, Frank S, Rosenstiel-Goidts V, Ratliff M, Etminan N, Unterberg A, Dieterich C, Herold-Mende C, Pfister SM, Wick W, Loose M, von Deimling A, Sill M, Jones DTW, Schlesner M, Sahm F. Rapid-CNS 2: rapid comprehensive adaptive nanopore-sequencing of CNS tumors, a proof-of-concept study. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:609-612. [PMID: 35357562 PMCID: PMC9038836 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Patel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helin Dogan
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Payne
- DeepSeq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elena Krause
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Schoebe
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Blume
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Holmes
- DeepSeq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Miriam Ratliff
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nima Etminan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew Loose
- DeepSeq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Maas SLN, Stichel D, Hielscher T, Sievers P, Berghoff AS, Schrimpf D, Sill M, Euskirchen P, Blume C, Patel A, Dogan H, Reuss D, Dohmen H, Stein M, Reinhardt A, Suwala AK, Wefers AK, Baumgarten P, Ricklefs F, Rushing EJ, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Ketter R, Schittenhelm J, Jaunmuktane Z, Leu S, Greenway FEA, Bridges LR, Jones T, Grady C, Serrano J, Golfinos J, Sen C, Mawrin C, Jungk C, Hänggi D, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Etminan N, Jungwirth G, Herold-Mende C, Unterberg A, Harter PN, Wirsching HG, Neidert MC, Ratliff M, Platten M, Snuderl M, Aldape KD, Brandner S, Hench J, Frank S, Pfister SM, Jones DTW, Reifenberger G, Acker T, Wick W, Weller M, Preusser M, von Deimling A, Sahm F. Integrated Molecular-Morphologic Meningioma Classification: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis, Retrospectively and Prospectively Validated. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3839-3852. [PMID: 34618539 PMCID: PMC8713596 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Meningiomas are the most frequent primary intracranial tumors. Patient outcome varies widely from benign to highly aggressive, ultimately fatal courses. Reliable identification of risk of progression for individual patients is of pivotal importance. However, only biomarkers for highly aggressive tumors are established (CDKN2A/B and TERT), whereas no molecularly based stratification exists for the broad spectrum of patients with low- and intermediate-risk meningioma. METHODS DNA methylation data and copy-number information were generated for 3,031 meningiomas (2,868 patients), and mutation data for 858 samples. DNA methylation subgroups, copy-number variations (CNVs), mutations, and WHO grading were analyzed. Prediction power for outcome was assessed in a retrospective cohort of 514 patients, validated on a retrospective cohort of 184, and on a prospective cohort of 287 multicenter cases. RESULTS Both CNV- and methylation family-based subgrouping independently resulted in increased prediction accuracy of risk of recurrence compared with the WHO classification (c-indexes WHO 2016, CNV, and methylation family 0.699, 0.706, and 0.721, respectively). Merging all risk stratification approaches into an integrated molecular-morphologic score resulted in further substantial increase in accuracy (c-index 0.744). This integrated score consistently provided superior accuracy in all three cohorts, significantly outperforming WHO grading (c-index difference P = .005). Besides the overall stratification advantage, the integrated score separates more precisely for risk of progression at the diagnostically challenging interface of WHO grade 1 and grade 2 tumors (hazard ratio 4.34 [2.48-7.57] and 3.34 [1.28-8.72] retrospective and prospective validation cohorts, respectively). CONCLUSION Merging these layers of histologic and molecular data into an integrated, three-tiered score significantly improves the precision in meningioma stratification. Implementation into diagnostic routine informs clinical decision making for patients with meningioma on the basis of robust outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren L N Maas
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna S Berghoff
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Blume
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Areeba Patel
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helin Dogan
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Reuss
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hildegard Dohmen
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco Stein
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Gießen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Reinhardt
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abigail K Suwala
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralf Ketter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Severina Leu
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fay E A Greenway
- Department of Neurosurgery, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie R Bridges
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Grady
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - John Golfinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Chandra Sen
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christine Jungk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nima Etminan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jungwirth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Exp. Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marian C Neidert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Patel A, Dogan H, Payne A, Sievers P, Schoebe N, Schrimpf D, Stichel D, Holmes N, Euskirchen P, Hench J, Frank S, Rosenstiel-Goidts V, Dieterich C, Herold-Mende C, Pfister S, Wick W, Schlesner M, Loose M, Jones D, von Deimling A, Sill M, Sahm F. PATH-48. RAPID-CNS2: RAPID COMPREHENSIVE ADAPTIVE NANOPORE-SEQUENCING OF CNS TUMORS, A PROOF OF CONCEPT STUDY. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The WHO classification 2021 includes multiple molecular markers for routine diagnostics in addition to histology. Sequencing setup for complete molecular profiling requires considerable investment, while batching samples for sequencing and methylation profiling can delay turnaround time. We introduce RAPID-CNS2, a nanopore adaptive sequencing pipeline that enables comprehensive mutational, methylation and copy number profiling of CNS tumours with a single third generation sequencing assay. It can be run for single samples and offers highly flexible target selection requiring no additional library preparation.
METHODS
Utilising ReadFish, a toolkit enabling targeted nanopore sequencing, we sequenced DNA from 22 diffuse glioma patient samples on a MinION device. Target regions comprised our Heidelberg brain tumour NGS panel and pre-selected CpG sites for methylation classification by an adapted random forest classifier. Pathognomonic alterations, copy number profiles, and methylation classes were called using a custom bioinformatics pipeline. Results were compared to their corresponding NGS panel-seq and EPIC array outputs.
RESULTS
Complete concordance with the EPIC array was found for copy number profiles from RAPID-CNS2. 94% pathognomonic mutations were congruent with NGS panel-seq. MGMT promoter status was correctly identified in all samples. Methylation families were detected with 96% congruence. Among the alterations decisive for rendering a classification-compatible integrated diagnosis, 97% of the alterations were consistent over the entire cohort (completely congruent in 19/22 cases and sufficient for unequivocal diagnosis in all).
CONCLUSIONS
RAPID-CNS2 provides a swift and highly flexible alternative to conventional NGS and array- based methods for SNV/Indel analysis, detection of copy number alterations and methylation classification. The turnaround time of ~4 days can be further shortened to < 12h by altering target sizes. It offers a low-capital approach that would be cost-efficient for low throughput settings and invaluable in cases requiring immediate diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Patel
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Helin Dogan
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Sievers
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Hench
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprechts-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - David Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Maas S, Stichel D, Hielscher T, Sievers P, Berghoff A, Schrimpf D, Sill M, Euskirchen P, Reuss D, Dohmen H, Stein M, Baumgarten P, Ricklefs F, Rushing E, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Ketter R, Schittenhelm J, Jaunmuktane Z, Leu S, Grady C, Serrano J, Golfinos J, Sen C, Mawrin C, Jungk C, Hänggi D, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Etminan N, Unterberg A, Harter P, Wirsching HG, Neidert MC, Ratliff M, Platten M, Snuderl M, Aldape K, Brandner S, Hench J, Frank S, Pfister S, Jones D, Reifenberger G, Acker T, Wick W, Weller M, Preusser M, von Deimling A, Sahm F. PATH-39. INTEGRATED MOLECULAR-MORPHOLOGICAL MENINGIOMA CLASSIFICATION: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS, RETRO- AND PROSPECTIVELY VALIDATED. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE
Meningiomas are the most frequent primary intracranial tumors. Patient outcome varies widely from cases with benign to highly aggressive, ultimately fatal courses. Reliable identification of risk of progression for the individual patient is of pivotal importance in clinical management. However, only biomarkers for highly aggressive tumors are established at present (CDKN2A/B and TERT), while no molecularly-based stratification exists for the broad spectrum of low- and intermediate-risk meningioma patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
DNA methylation data and copy-number information were generated for 3,031 meningiomas of 2,868 individual patients, with mutation data for 858 samples. DNA methylation subgroups, copy-number variations (CNV), mutations and WHO grading were comparatively analyzed. Prediction power for outcome of these parameters was assessed in an initial retrospective cohort of 514 patients, and validated on a retrospective cohort of 184, and on a prospective cohort of 287 multi-center cases, respectively.
RESULTS
Both CNV and methylation family- (MF)-based subgrouping independently resulted in an increase in prediction accuracy of risk of recurrence compared to the WHO classification (c-indexes WHO 2016, CNV, and MF 0.699, 0.706 and 0.721, respectively). Merging all independently powerful risk stratification approaches into an integrated molecular-morphological score resulted in a further, substantial increase in accuracy (c-index 0.744). This integrated score consistently provided superior accuracy in all three cohorts, significantly outperforming WHO grading (c-index difference p=0.005). Besides the overall stratification advantage, the integrated score separates more precisely for risk of progression at the diagnostically challenging interface of WHO grade 1 and grade 2 tumors (HR 4.56 [2.97;7.00], 4.34 [2.48;7.57] and 3.34 [1.28; 8.72] for discovery, retrospective, and prospective validation cohort, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Merging these layers of histological and molecular data into an integrated, three-tiered score significantly improves the precision in meningioma stratification. Implementation into diagnostic routine informs clinical decision-making for meningioma patients on the basis of robust outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren Maas
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Dept. of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Berghoff
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - David Reuss
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hildegard Dohmen
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Marco Stein
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Giessen, Germany, Gießen, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Rushing
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralf Ketter
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Department of Neuropathology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Severina Leu
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Conor Grady
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, USA
| | | | - John Golfinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Chandra Sen
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christine Jungk
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nima Etminan
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ruprechts-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Miriam Ratliff
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Jones
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Dept. of Medicine, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Coy S, Lin JR, Wang S, Stopka S, Rashid R, Hwang J, Khadka P, Euskirchen P, Bandopadhayay P, Wen PY, Sorger PK, Agar N, Ligon KL, Touat M, Santagata S. Abstract 1816: Phenogenomic characterization of immunomodulatory purinergic signaling in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Extracellular purinergic signaling plays critical roles in the regulation of tumor growth and anti-tumor immunity via autocrine/paracrine binding of metabolites to receptors on neoplastic and non-neoplastic populations. Extracellular purine concentrations are principally mediated by the ectonucleotidase enzymes CD39 and CD73, which catabolize ATP to adenosine. Within the tumor microenvironment, neoplastic, immune, and stromal cells expressing these enzymes may co-localize to generate an immunosuppressive adenosine-rich niche. However, the cellular composition, spatial architecture and phenotypic properties of these tumor ecosystems and their relationship to tumor genotype have been poorly characterized.
METHODS: We quantified CD73 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort of CNS tumors [meningiomas(N=222), gliomas(N=244), ependymomas(N=44), medulloblastomas(N=24), craniopharyngiomas(N=38)]. We used publicly-available single-cell RNA-seq data and 36 marker multiplexed tissue imaging (t-CyCIF) of 139 clinically and genomically annotated glioblastomas to characterize CD39 and CD73 expressing populations, define immune architecture and tumor cell states at single cell resolution, evaluate spatial correlations, and identify markers of clinical outcome. Mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was employed to generate spatially-resolved quantification of purine metabolite levels in glioblastoma resections (N=9).
RESULTS: IHC revealed strong CD73 expression in meningiomas and gliomas. Tumor CD73 expression was associated with poor progression-free-survival in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (p=0.04). scRNA-seq in glioblastoma revealed that CD73 is predominantly expressed by tumor cell populations, while CD39 is predominantly expressed by monocytic (macrophage, microglial) populations. t-CyCIF showed enrichment of EGFR, Ki-67, and TP53 expression in CD73-high tumor cells at a single cell level independent of genotype, as well as significant spatial correlation between CD73 expression in tumor cells and CD39 expression in macrophages. MALDI-MSI showed significantly greater adenosine concentrations in glioblastomas with high CD73 expression. CD73 expression significantly correlated with EGFR amplification or C-terminal deletion (EGFRvIII or variants), type-II interferon signaling, and PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Phenogenomic analysis of purinergic signaling in glioblastoma revealed correlations between CD73 expression and genotype, adenosine concentration, and clinical outcome. Spatial analysis revealed interaction between macrophages CD39 expression and tumor cell CD73 expression, suggesting that these populations may interact to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Anti-CD73 therapy may provide therapeutic benefits in glioblastoma by blunting immunosuppressive and oncogenic adenosine signaling.
Citation Format: Shannon Coy, Jia-Ren Lin, Shu Wang, Sylwia Stopka, Rumana Rashid, Jaeho Hwang, Prasidda Khadka, Philipp Euskirchen, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Patrick Y. Wen, Peter K. Sorger, Nathalie Agar, Keith L. Ligon, Mehdi Touat, Sandro Santagata. Phenogenomic characterization of immunomodulatory purinergic signaling in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1816.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu Wang
- 1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sylwia Stopka
- 2Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rumana Rashid
- 3University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Prasidda Khadka
- 5Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Patrick Y. Wen
- 5Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nathalie Agar
- 2Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keith L. Ligon
- 7Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mehdi Touat
- 8La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sandro Santagata
- 2Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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13
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Djirackor L, Halldorsson S, Niehusmann P, Leske H, Kuschel LP, Pahnke J, Due-Tønnessen BJ, Langmoen IA, Sandberg CJ, Euskirchen P, Vik-Mo EO. EPCT-15. RAPID EPIGENOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN TUMORS ENABLES INTRAOPERATIVE NEUROSURGICAL RISK MODULATION. Neuro Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8168188 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab090.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear identification of tumor subtype is the main predictor of patient outcome and ultimately what is considered an adequate level of surgical risk. At brain tumor resection, imaging modalities and intraoperative histology often give an ambigious diagnosis, complicating intraoperative surgical decision-making. Here, we report a nanopore DNA methylation analysis (NDMA) sequencing approach combined with machine learning for classification of tumor entities that could be used intraoperatively. Methods We analyzed 50 biopsies obtained from biobanked tissue (43, prospective) or sampled at surgery (7, intraoperative) from 20 female and 30 male patients with a median age of 8 years. DNA was extracted using spin columns, quantified on a Qubit fluorometer and assessed for purity using NanoDrop spectrophotometer. DNA was then barcoded with the Rapid Barcoding kit from Oxford Nanopore technologies and loaded onto a MinION flow cell. Sequencing was performed for 3 hours (intraoperative) and 24 hours (prospective). Raw reads were basecalled using the Guppy algorithm, then fed into a snakemake workflow (nanoDx pipeline). This generated a report showing the copy number profile, genome-wide methylation status and subclassification of the tumor according to the Heidelberg reference cohort. Results Twelve different tumor classes were discovered within our cohort spanning from WHO Grade I to Grade IV. The results generated by NDMA were concordant with standard neuropathological diagnosis in 43 out of 50 cases (86%). Of the discordant cases, six were due to the biological complexity of the tumor and one case was misclassified by the pipeline. NDMA enabled correct subclassification of 6/7 intraop cases within a mean of 129 minutes. Conclusion NDMA can accurately subclassify tumor entities intraoperatively and guide surgical procedures when preoperative imaging and frozen section evaluation are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Djirackor
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/ Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Skarphedinn Halldorsson
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/ Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pitt Niehusmann
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Leske
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luis P Kuschel
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Iver A Langmoen
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/ Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie J Sandberg
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/ Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Einar O Vik-Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research/ Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Bender K, Perez E, Chirica M, Onken J, Kahn J, Brenner W, Ehret F, Euskirchen P, Koch A, Capper D, Kaul D. High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP): the Charité experience with a new central nervous system tumor entity. J Neurooncol 2021; 153:109-120. [PMID: 33905054 PMCID: PMC8131327 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently described brain tumor entity defined by a specific DNA methylation profile. HGAP has been proposed to be integrated in the upcoming World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors expected in 2021. In this series, we present the first single-center experience with this new entity. METHODS During 2017 and 2020, six HGAP were identified. Clinical course, surgical procedure, histopathology, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, imaging, and adjuvant therapy were collected. RESULTS Tumors were localized in the brain stem (n = 1), cerebellar peduncle (n = 1), diencephalon (n = 1), mesencephalon (n = 1), cerebrum (n = 1) and the thoracic spinal cord (n = 2). The lesions typically presented as T1w hypo- to isointense and T2w hyperintense with inhomogeneous contrast enhancement on MRI. All patients underwent initial surgical intervention. Three patients received adjuvant radiochemotherapy, and one patient adjuvant radiotherapy alone. Four patients died of disease, with an overall survival of 1.8, 9.1, 14.8 and 18.1 months. One patient was alive at the time of last follow-up, 14.6 months after surgery, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Apart from one tumor, the lesions did not present with high grade histology, however patients showed poor clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide detailed clinical, neuroradiological, histological, and molecular pathological information which might aid in clinical decision making until larger case series are published. With the exception of one case, the tumors did not present with high-grade histology but patients still showed short intervals between diagnosis and tumor progression or death even after extensive multimodal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bender
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eilís Perez
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihaela Chirica
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Onken
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurosurgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Kahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Ehret
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arend Koch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiation Oncology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Djirackor L, Halldorsson S, Niehusmann P, Leske H, Capper D, Kuschel LP, Pahnke J, Due-Tønnessen BJ, Langmoen IA, Sandberg CJ, Euskirchen P, Vik-Mo EO. Intraoperative DNA methylation classification of brain tumors impacts neurosurgical strategy. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab149. [PMID: 34729487 PMCID: PMC8557693 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumor surgery must balance the benefit of maximal resection against the risk of inflicting severe damage. The impact of increased resection is diagnosis-specific. However, the precise diagnosis is typically uncertain at surgery due to limitations of imaging and intraoperative histomorphological methods. Novel and accurate strategies for brain tumor classification are necessary to support personalized intraoperative neurosurgical treatment decisions. Here, we describe a fast and cost-efficient workflow for intraoperative classification of brain tumors based on DNA methylation profiles generated by low coverage nanopore sequencing and machine learning algorithms. METHODS We evaluated 6 independent cohorts containing 105 patients, including 50 pediatric and 55 adult patients. Ultra-low coverage whole-genome sequencing was performed on nanopore flow cells. Data were analyzed using copy number variation and ad hoc random forest classifier for the genome-wide methylation-based classification of the tumor. RESULTS Concordant classification was obtained between nanopore DNA methylation analysis and a full neuropathological evaluation in 93 of 105 (89%) cases. The analysis demonstrated correct diagnosis in 6/6 cases where frozen section evaluation was inconclusive. Results could be returned to the operating room at a median of 97 min (range 91-161 min). Precise classification of the tumor entity and subtype would have supported modification of the surgical strategy in 12 out of 20 patients evaluated intraoperatively. CONCLUSION Intraoperative nanopore sequencing combined with machine learning diagnostics was robust, sensitive, and rapid. This strategy allowed DNA methylation-based classification of the tumor to be returned to the surgeon within a timeframe that supports intraoperative decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Djirackor
- Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Skarphedinn Halldorsson
- Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pitt Niehusmann
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Leske
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luis P Kuschel
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Iver A Langmoen
- Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie J Sandberg
- Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Einar O Vik-Mo
- Institute for Surgical Research/Department of Neurosurgery, Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Djirackor L, Halldorsson S, Sandberg C, Euskirchen P, Skaga E, Kulesskiy E, Wennerberg K, Langmoen I, Vik-Mo E. TBIO-18. ESTABLISHING A PIPELINE FOR INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN CANCER. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715180 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Despite being able to characterize pediatric brain tumors such as medulloblastoma and high-grade gliomas using detailed molecular analysis tools, this knowledge hasn’t been translated to better treatment methods. In this project, we aim to create a biobank of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs), characterize samples using next generation molecular diagnostics and identify patient specific drug-treatment options using high-throughput drug screening (HTDS).
METHODS
To establish tumor spheres from biopsies, we mechanically dissociated the tissue and digested it in trypsin. The cells isolated were cultured in serum free DMEM medium. Immunocytochemistry analysis was done to compare the spheres and original tumor. After the second passage, DNA was extracted and subjected to low-pass whole genome nanopore sequencing. HTDS with a library of FDA/EMA-approved anticancer drugs and investigational compounds was also performed.
RESULTS
We’ve established tumor sphere cultures that grew to passage two and onwards from five juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, two gangliogliomas and two midline gliomas. The spheres expressed markers of stem cells (Nestin), neurons (β3-tubulin) and glial (GFAP), similar to the original tumor. Copy number profiling and methylation-based classification of the spheres showed the same alterations and classification as the biopsy. HTDS revealed significant differences in drug sensitivity including patient-specific vulnerabilities to anticancer drugs.
CONCLUSION
We’ve created a protocol to generate tumor spheres from PBTs. We are also building a biobank comprising high and low grade PBTs. Our tumor spheres maintain the characteristics of the original tumor and can be used for further downstream analysis including drug screening.
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17
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Masliah-Planchon J, Girard E, Euskirchen P, Bourneix C, Lequin D, Blanluet M, Aillaud JB, Doz F, Bourdeaut F, Delattre O. MBRS-47. RAPID MOLECULAR SUBGROUPING OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA BASED ON DNA METHYLATION BY NANOPORE SEQUENCING. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715687 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) can be classified into four molecular subgroups (WNT group, SHH group, group 3, and group 4). The gold standard of assignment of molecular subgroup through DNA methylation profiling uses Illumina EPIC array. However, this tool has some limitation in terms of cost and timing, in order to get the results soon enough for clinical use. We present an alternative DNA methylation assay based on nanopore sequencing efficient for rapid, cheaper, and reliable subgrouping of clinical MB samples. Low-depth whole genome with long-read single-molecule nanopore sequencing was used to simultaneously assess copy number profile and MB subgrouping based on DNA methylation. The DNA methylation data generated by Nanopore sequencing were compared to a publicly available reference cohort comprising over 2,800 brain tumors including the four subgroups of MB (Capper et al. Nature; 2018) to generate a score that estimates a confidence with a tumor group assignment. Among the 24 MB analyzed with nanopore sequencing (six WNT, nine SHH, five group 3, and four group 4), all of them were classified in the appropriate subgroup established by expression-based Nanostring subgrouping. In addition to the subgrouping, we also examine the genomic profile. Furthermore, all previously identified clinically relevant genomic rearrangements (mostly MYC and MYCN amplifications) were also detected with our assay. In conclusion, we are confirming the full reliability of nanopore sequencing as a novel rapid and cheap assay for methylation-based MB subgrouping. We now plan to implement this technology to other embryonal tumors of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Maud Blanluet
- Unité de Génétique Somatique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Delattre
- SIREDO Center, Paris, France
- Unité de Génétique Somatique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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18
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Coy S, Rashid R, Stopka S, Lin JR, Euskirchen P, Hwang J, Khadka P, Bandopadhayay P, Wen P, Sorger P, Agar NYR, Ligon K, Touat M, Santagata S. TAMI-45. PHENOGENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY PURINERGIC SIGNALING IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Purinergic signaling plays critical roles in the regulation of tumor growth and anti-tumor immunity via autocrine/paracrine binding of metabolites to receptors on neoplastic and non-neoplastic populations. Extracellular purine concentrations are mediated by the ectonucleotidase enzymes CD39 and CD73, which catabolize ATP to adenosine. Within tumors such as glioblastoma, neoplastic, immune, and stromal cells expressing these enzymes may co-localize to generate immunosuppressive adenosine-rich environments. However, the composition, architecture, and phenotypic properties of these tumor ecosystems and their relationship to tumor genotype are poorly characterized.
METHODS
We quantified CD73 expression by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of CNS tumors [meningiomas(n=222), gliomas(n=244), ependymomas(n=44), medulloblastomas(n=24), and craniopharyngiomas(n=38)]. We used publicly-available single-cell RNA-seq data and 36-marker multiplexed tissue imaging (t-CyCIF) of 139 clinically and genomically annotated glioblastoma resections to characterize CD39 and CD73-expressing populations, define the immune architecture and tumor cell-states at single cell resolution, and identify markers of clinical outcome. We used mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to generate spatially-resolved quantification of purine metabolite levels in glioblastoma resections (n=10).
RESULTS
CD73 exhibited strong expression in a subset of gliomas and meningiomas but was typically not expressed in ependymomas or medulloblastomas. CD73 expression correlated with poor progression-free-survival in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (p=0.04). scRNA-seq and t-CyCIF in glioblastoma showed CD73 expression in tumor cells, and CD39 expression in macrophages and endothelial cells. MALDI-MSI showed significantly greater adenosine concentrations (3.5-fold;p=0.04) in glioblastomas with high CD73 expression. scRNA-seq showed direct correlations between stem-like mRNA expression, proliferation, and CD73 expression in DIPG. CD73 expression significantly correlated with EGFR amplification, interferon signaling, and PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Phenogenomic analysis of purinergic immunomodulatory signaling revealed significant interplay between CD73 activity and genotype, adenosine concentration, differentiation-state, clinical outcome, and possible interaction between CD39-positive macrophages and CD73-positive neoplastic cells. Anti-CD73 therapy may provide therapeutic benefits in glioblastoma by blunting immunosuppressive and oncogenic adenosine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Coy
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rumana Rashid
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylwia Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, USA
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaeho Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prasidda Khadka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Patrick Wen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Sorger
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Keith Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi Touat
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Touat M, Younan N, Euskirchen P, Fontanilles M, Mokhtari K, Dehais C, Tilleul P, Rahimian-Aghda A, Resnick A, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Blons H, Hoang-Xuan K, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Laurent-Puig P, Sanson M. Successful Targeting of an ATG7-RAF1 Gene Fusion in Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma With Leptomeningeal Dissemination. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-7. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Touat
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Younan
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maxime Fontanilles
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dehais
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Tilleul
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Amithys Rahimian-Aghda
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Adam Resnick
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S 1147, Paris, France
| | - Khê Hoang-Xuan
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S 1147, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
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20
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Boisseau W, Euskirchen P, Mokhtari K, Dehais C, Touat M, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Capelle L, Nouet A, Karachi C, Bielle F, Guégan J, Marie Y, Martin-Duverneuil N, Taillandier L, Rousseau A, Delattre JY, Idbaih A. Molecular Profiling Reclassifies Adult Astroblastoma into Known and Clinically Distinct Tumor Entities with Frequent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Alterations. Oncologist 2019; 24:1584-1592. [PMID: 31346129 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astroblastoma (ABM) is a rare glial brain tumor. Recurrent meningioma 1 (MN1) alterations have been recently identified in most pediatric cases. Adolescent and adult cases, however, remain molecularly poorly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed clinical and molecular characterization of a retrospective cohort of 14 adult and 1 adolescent ABM. RESULTS Strikingly, we found that MN1 fusions are a rare event in this age group (1/15). Using methylation profiling and targeted sequencing, most cases were reclassified as either pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA)-like or high-grade glioma (HGG)-like. PXA-like ABM show BRAF mutation (6/7 with V600E mutation and 1/7 with G466E mutation) and CD34 expression. Conversely, HGG-like ABM harbored specific alterations of diffuse midline glioma (2/5) or glioblastoma (GBM; 3/5). These latter patients showed an unfavorable clinical course with significantly shorter overall survival (p = .021). Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway alterations (including FGFR fusion, BRAF and NF1 mutations) were present in 10 of 15 patients and overrepresented in the HGG-like group (3/5) compared with previously reported prevalence of these alterations in GBM and diffuse midline glioma. CONCLUSION We suggest that gliomas with astroblastic features include a variety of molecularly sharply defined entities. Adult ABM harboring molecular features of PXA and HGG should be reclassified. Central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with MN1 alterations and histology of ABM appear to be uncommon in adults. Astroblastic morphology in adults should thus prompt thorough molecular investigation aiming at a clear histomolecular diagnosis and identifying actionable drug targets, especially in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Astroblastoma (ABM) remains a poorly defined and controversial entity. Although meningioma 1 alterations seem to define a large subset of pediatric cases, adult cases remain molecularly poorly defined. This comprehensive molecular characterization of 1 adolescent and 14 adult ABM revealed that adult ABM histology comprises several molecularly defined entities, which explains clinical diversity and identifies actionable targets. Namely, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-like ABM cases show a favorable prognosis whereas high-grade glioma (glioblastoma and diffuse midline gliome)-like ABM show significantly worse clinical courses. These results call for in-depth molecular analysis of adult gliomas with astroblastic features for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Boisseau
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles, Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neuropathologie-Escourolle, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dehais
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles, Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Touat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Khê Hoang-Xuan
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Capelle
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Nouet
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France
| | - Carine Karachi
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neuropathologie-Escourolle, Paris, France
| | - Justine Guégan
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Marie
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Martin-Duverneuil
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles, Foix, Service de Neuroradiologie, Paris, France
| | - Luc Taillandier
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Institut Cancérologique de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
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21
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Euskirchen P, Bielle F, Labreche K, Kloosterman WP, Rosenberg S, Daniau M, Schmitt C, Masliah-Planchon J, Bourdeaut F, Dehais C, Marie Y, Delattre JY, Idbaih A. Same-day genomic and epigenomic diagnosis of brain tumors using real-time nanopore sequencing. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:691-703. [PMID: 28638988 PMCID: PMC5645447 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular classification of cancer has entered clinical routine to inform diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. At the same time, new tumor entities have been identified that cannot be defined histologically. For central nervous system tumors, the current World Health Organization classification explicitly demands molecular testing, e.g., for 1p/19q-codeletion or IDH mutations, to make an integrated histomolecular diagnosis. However, a plethora of sophisticated technologies is currently needed to assess different genomic and epigenomic alterations and turnaround times are in the range of weeks, which makes standardized and widespread implementation difficult and hinders timely decision making. Here, we explored the potential of a pocket-size nanopore sequencing device for multimodal and rapid molecular diagnostics of cancer. Low-pass whole genome sequencing was used to simultaneously generate copy number (CN) and methylation profiles from native tumor DNA in the same sequencing run. Single nucleotide variants in IDH1, IDH2, TP53, H3F3A, and the TERT promoter region were identified using deep amplicon sequencing. Nanopore sequencing yielded ~0.1X genome coverage within 6 h and resulting CN and epigenetic profiles correlated well with matched microarray data. Diagnostically relevant alterations, such as 1p/19q codeletion, and focal amplifications could be recapitulated. Using ad hoc random forests, we could perform supervised pan-cancer classification to distinguish gliomas, medulloblastomas, and brain metastases of different primary sites. Single nucleotide variants in IDH1, IDH2, and H3F3A were identified using deep amplicon sequencing within minutes of sequencing. Detection of TP53 and TERT promoter mutations shows that sequencing of entire genes and GC-rich regions is feasible. Nanopore sequencing allows same-day detection of structural variants, point mutations, and methylation profiling using a single device with negligible capital cost. It outperforms hybridization-based and current sequencing technologies with respect to time to diagnosis and required laboratory equipment and expertise, aiming to make precision medicine possible for every cancer patient, even in resource-restricted settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Euskirchen
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franck Bielle
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Service de Neuropathologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
- OncoNeuroTek, Paris, France
| | - Karim Labreche
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Wigard P Kloosterman
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shai Rosenberg
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Mailys Daniau
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Schmitt
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dehais
- Service de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Marie
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Service de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.
- Service de Neurologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, 2-Mazarin, Paris, France.
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22
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Euskirchen P, Radke J, Schmidt MS, Schulze Heuling E, Kadikowski E, Maricos M, Knab F, Grittner U, Zerbe N, Czabanka M, Dieterich C, Miletic H, Mørk S, Koch A, Endres M, Harms C. Cellular heterogeneity contributes to subtype-specific expression of ZEB1 in human glioblastoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185376. [PMID: 28945795 PMCID: PMC5612763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ZEB1 has gained attention in tumor biology of epithelial cancers because of its function in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, DNA repair, stem cell biology and tumor-induced immunosuppression, but its role in gliomas with respect to invasion and prognostic value is controversial. We characterized ZEB1 expression at single cell level in 266 primary brain tumors and present a comprehensive dataset of high grade gliomas with Ki67, p53, IDH1, and EGFR immunohistochemistry, as well as EGFR FISH. ZEB1 protein expression in glioma stem cell lines was compared to their parental tumors with respect to gene expression subtypes based on RNA-seq transcriptomic profiles. ZEB1 is widely expressed in glial tumors, but in a highly variable fraction of cells. In glioblastoma, ZEB1 labeling index is higher in tumors with EGFR amplification or IDH1 mutation. Co-labeling studies showed that tumor cells and reactive astroglia, but not immune cells contribute to the ZEB1 positive population. In contrast, glioma cell lines constitutively express ZEB1 irrespective of gene expression subtype. In conclusion, our data indicate that immune infiltration likely contributes to differential labelling of ZEB1 and confounds interpretation of bulk ZEB1 expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Euskirchen
- Dept. of Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Dept. of Neuropathology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Charité Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Sören Schmidt
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schulze Heuling
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Kadikowski
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meron Maricos
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Knab
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Zerbe
- Dept. of Pathology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing Group, Max-Planck-Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Dept. of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Mørk
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arend Koch
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Dept. of Neuropathology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Charité Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Dept. of Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Standort Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Schulze Heuling E, Knab F, Radke J, Eskilsson E, Martinez-Ledesma E, Koch A, Czabanka M, Dieterich C, Verhaak RG, Harms C, Euskirchen P. Prognostic Relevance of Tumor Purity and Interaction with MGMT Methylation in Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:532-540. [PMID: 28148826 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Promoter methylation status of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, is a critical biomarker in glioblastoma (GBM), as treatment decisions and clinical trial inclusion rely on its accurate assessment. However, interpretation of results is complicated by poor interassay reproducibility as well as a weak correlation between methylation status and expression levels of MGMT. This study systematically investigates the influence of tumor purity on tissue subjected to MGMT analysis. A quantitative, allele-specific real-time PCR (qAS-PCR) assay was developed to determine genotype and mutant allele frequency of telomerase promoter (pTERT) mutations as a direct measure of tumor purity. We studied tumor purity, pTERT mutation by Sanger sequencing, MGMT methylation by pyrosequencing, IDH1 mutation status, and clinical parameters in a cohort of high-grade gliomas (n = 97). The qAS-PCR reliably predicted pTERT genotype and tumor purity compared with independent methods. Tumor purity positively and significantly correlated with the extent of methylation in MGMT methylated GBMs. Extent of MGMT methylation differed significantly with respect to pTERT mutation hotspot (C228T vs. C250T). Interestingly, frontal lobe tumors showed greater tumor purity than those in other locations. Above all, tumor purity was identified as an independent prognostic factor in GBM. In conclusion, we determined mutual associations of tumor purity with MGMT methylation and pTERT mutations and found that the extent of MGMT methylation reflects tumor purity. In turn, tumor purity is prognostic in IDH1 wild-type GBM.Implications: Tumor purity is an independent prognostic marker in glioblastoma and is associated with the extent of MGMT methylation. Mol Cancer Res; 15(5); 532-40. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schulze Heuling
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Knab
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing Group, Max-Planck-Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roel G Verhaak
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Eskilsson E, Rosland GV, Talasila KM, Knappskog S, Keunen O, Sottoriva A, Foerster S, Solecki G, Taxt T, Jirik R, Fritah S, Harter PN, Välk K, Al Hossain J, Joseph JV, Jahedi R, Saed HS, Piccirillo SG, Spiteri I, Leiss L, Euskirchen P, Graziani G, Daubon T, Lund-Johansen M, Enger PØ, Winkler F, Ritter CA, Niclou SP, Watts C, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H. EGFRvIII mutations can emerge as late and heterogenous events in glioblastoma development and promote angiogenesis through Src activation. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1644-1655. [PMID: 27286795 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutant EGFRvIII are among the most common genetic alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and most aggressive primary brain tumor. METHODS In the present work, we analyzed the clonal evolution of these major EGFR aberrations in a small cohort of GBM patients using a unique surgical multisampling technique. Furthermore, we overexpressed both receptors separately and together in 2 patient-derived GBM stem cell lines (GSCs) to analyze their functions in vivo in orthotopic xenograft models. RESULTS In human GBM biopsies, we identified EGFR amplification as an early event because EGFRvIII mutations emerge from intratumoral heterogeneity later in tumor development. To investigate the biological relevance of this distinct developmental pattern, we established experimental model systems. In these models, EGFR+ tumor cells showed activation of classical downstream signaling pathways upon EGF stimulation and displayed enhanced invasive growth without evidence of angiogenesis in vivo. In contrast, EGFRvIII+ tumors were driven by activation of the prototypical Src family kinase c-Src that promoted VEGF secretion leading to angiogenic tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The presented work shows that sequential EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutations might represent concerted evolutionary events that drive the aggressive nature of GBM by promoting invasion and angiogenesis via distinct signaling pathways. In particular, c-SRC may be an attractive therapeutic target for tumors harboring EGFRvIII as we identified this protein specifically mediating angiogenic tumor growth downstream of EGFRvIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Gro V Rosland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Krishna M Talasila
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Olivier Keunen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Sarah Foerster
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Torfinn Taxt
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Radovan Jirik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Kristjan Välk
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Jubayer Al Hossain
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Justin V Joseph
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Roza Jahedi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Halala S Saed
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Sara G Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Inma Spiteri
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Lina Leiss
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Thomas Daubon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Per Øyvind Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Frank Winkler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., T.T., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., R.J., H.S.S., L.L., T.D., P.Ø.E., R.B., H.M.); KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway (E.E., G.V.R., K.M.T., O.K., K.V., J.A.H., J.V.J., T.D., P. Ø.E., S.P.N., R.B., H.M.); Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (S.K.); Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (O.K., S.F., S.P.N., R.B.); Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (A.S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany (S.F., C.A.R.); Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (G.S., F.W.); Institute of Scientific Instruments, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic (R.J.); Edinger-Intsitute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H.); Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (J.A.H., H.M.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK (S.G.P., C.W.); Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK (I.S.); Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.E.); Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome «Tor Vergata», Rome, Italy (G.G.); INSERM U1029 - University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Pessac, France (T.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (M.L.-J., P. Ø.E.)
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Dzaye O, Hu F, Derkow K, Haage V, Euskirchen P, Harms C, Lehnardt S, Synowitz M, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H. Glioma Stem Cells but Not Bulk Glioma Cells Upregulate IL-6 Secretion in Microglia/Brain Macrophages via Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:429-40. [PMID: 27030742 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral macrophages and resident microglia constitute the dominant glioma-infiltrating cells. The tumor induces an immunosuppressive and tumor-supportive phenotype in these glioma-associated microglia/brain macrophages (GAMs). A subpopulation of glioma cells acts as glioma stem cells (GSCs). We explored the interaction between GSCs and GAMs. Using CD133 as a marker of stemness, we enriched for or deprived the mouse glioma cell line GL261 of GSCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Over the same period of time, 100 CD133(+ )GSCs had the capacity to form a tumor of comparable size to the ones formed by 10,000 CD133(-) GL261 cells. In IL-6(-/-) mice, only tumors formed by CD133(+ )cells were smaller compared with wild type. After stimulation of primary cultured microglia with medium from CD133-enriched GL261 glioma cells, we observed an selective upregulation in microglial IL-6 secretion dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Our results show that GSCs, but not the bulk glioma cells, initiate microglial IL-6 secretion via TLR4 signaling and that IL-6 regulates glioma growth by supporting GSCs. Using human glioma tissue, we could confirm the finding that GAMs are the major source of IL-6 in the tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Dzaye
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Feng Hu
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Katja Derkow
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Verena Haage
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Christoph Harms
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Michael Synowitz
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- From the Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany (ODaD, FH, VH, SAW, HK) ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China (FH); Department of Neurology (KD, PE), Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology (PE, CH), Department of Neurology and Center for Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (SL), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (MS)
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Euskirchen P, Radke J, Schmidt MS, Heuling ES, Kadikowski E, Maricos M, Knab F, Cheng J, Grittner U, Zerbe N, Czabanka M, Dieterich C, Miletic H, Mørk S, Koch A, Endres M, Harms C. MPTH-08ZEB1 IS UBIQUITOUSLY EXPRESSED ACROSS SUBTYPES IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA AND A SURROGATE MARKER OF TUMOR PURITY. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov222.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Euskirchen P, Haroche J, Emile JF, Buchert R, Vandersee S, Meisel A. Complete remission of critical neurohistiocytosis by vemurafenib. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2015; 2:e78. [PMID: 25745636 PMCID: PMC4345630 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe a patient with life-threatening brainstem neurohistiocytosis who recovered completely upon targeted treatment with the V600E mutation-specific BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Methods: We report clinical, histiologic, genetic, and sequential imaging findings, including fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, over a follow-up period of 11 months. Results: The patient presented with central hyperventilation, skeletal and perirenal Erdheim-Chester disease, and cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A BRAF V600E hotspot mutation was detected in all afflicted tissues. Therapy with vemurafenib led to complete and stable clinical remission of CNS lesions and systemic disease that could be demonstrated by brain MRI and whole-body FDG-PET. Conclusions: Neurologic involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease usually confers a poor prognosis. In this patient, vemurafenib was well-tolerated and highly efficacious for severe brainstem involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease with overlapping Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This case illustrates the heterogeneous phenotypic spectrum of neurohistiocytosis and underscores the importance of genetic testing. Classification of evidence: This article provides Class IV evidence. This is a single observational study without controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Euskirchen
- Departments of Neurology (P.E., A.M.), Nuclear Medicine (R.B.), and Dermatology (S.V.), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Service de Médecine Interne (J.H.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and Service de Pathologie (J.-F.E.), Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, Paris, France
| | - Julien Haroche
- Departments of Neurology (P.E., A.M.), Nuclear Medicine (R.B.), and Dermatology (S.V.), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Service de Médecine Interne (J.H.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and Service de Pathologie (J.-F.E.), Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Departments of Neurology (P.E., A.M.), Nuclear Medicine (R.B.), and Dermatology (S.V.), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Service de Médecine Interne (J.H.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and Service de Pathologie (J.-F.E.), Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, Paris, France
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Departments of Neurology (P.E., A.M.), Nuclear Medicine (R.B.), and Dermatology (S.V.), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Service de Médecine Interne (J.H.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and Service de Pathologie (J.-F.E.), Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, Paris, France
| | - Staffan Vandersee
- Departments of Neurology (P.E., A.M.), Nuclear Medicine (R.B.), and Dermatology (S.V.), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Service de Médecine Interne (J.H.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and Service de Pathologie (J.-F.E.), Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Departments of Neurology (P.E., A.M.), Nuclear Medicine (R.B.), and Dermatology (S.V.), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Service de Médecine Interne (J.H.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and Service de Pathologie (J.-F.E.), Hôpital universitaire Ambroise Paré, Paris, France
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Eskilsson E, Rosland G, Talasila K, Jahedi R, Leiss L, Saed H, Keunen O, Foerster S, Euskirchen P, Hossain J, Taxt T, Jirik R, Lund-Johansen M, Enger PO, Ritter C, Niclou S, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H. AI-10 * DISTINCT EGFR SIGNALING IN GLIOBLASTOMA: WILD-TYPE EGFR PROMOTES INVASION WHILE EGFRvIII DRIVES PROTOTYPICAL SFK c-SRC ACTIVATION TO FOSTER ANGIOGENESIS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou238.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dzaye ODA, Hu F, Derkow K, Euskirchen P, Harms C, Lenhardt S, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H, Synowitz M. P17.25 * GLIOMA-INITIATING CELL INDUCED INTERLEUKIN-6 PRODUCTION IS MEDIATED BY TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 IN MICROGLIA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a marker of trigeminal activation in acute cluster headache (CH). Melatonin production is altered in CH patients and may reflect hypothalamic dysfunction. We assessed the effects of short-term CH prevention with corticosteroids on CGRP and melatonin release in a prospective observational cohort study hypothesizing that corticosteroids influence the interictal activity of both systems indicated by the change of these biomarkers. METHODS Episodic CH subjects (n = 9) in the bout and controls with multiple sclerosis (n = 6) received 1000 mg/d methylprednisolone (MPD) i.v. for three days followed by oral tapering with prednisone. We determined CGRP plasma levels in external jugular vein blood outside an attack and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) - the stable metabolite of melatonin - in 12-hour day- and nighttime urine collection prior to and several times after MPD therapy and again when CH subjects were outside the bout in complete remission. CH patients recorded the frequency of attacks. RESULTS In parallel to the reduction of headache frequency, administration of corticosteroids resulted in significantly decreased CGRP plasma levels and increased nocturnal aMT6s urine excretion in CH subjects. No significant changes were observed in controls. CONCLUSION Corticosteroids alter CGRP plasma and aMT6s urine levels in a cluster bout. These changes may indicate an effect of corticosteroids on trigeminal activation and hypothalamic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Neeb
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Linn Anders
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jan Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Israel
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Reuter
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Abuhusain H, Matin A, Qiao Q, Shen H, Daniels B, Laaksonen M, Teo C, Don A, McDonald K, Jahangiri A, De Lay M, Lu K, Park C, Carbonell S, Bergers G, Aghi MK, Anand M, Tucker-Burden C, Kong J, Brat DJ, Bae E, Smith L, Muller-Greven G, Yamada R, Nakano-Okuno M, Feng X, Hambardzumyan D, Nakano I, Gladson CL, Berens M, Jung S, Kim S, Kiefer J, Eschbacher J, Dhruv H, Vuori K, Hauser C, Oshima R, Finlay D, Aza-Blanc P, Bessarabova M, Nikolsky Y, Emig D, Bergers G, Lu K, Rivera L, Chang J, Burrell K, Singh S, Hill R, Zadeh G, Li C, Chen Y, Mei X, Sai K, Chen Z, Wang J, Wu M, Marsden P, Das S, Eskilsson E, Talasila KM, Rosland GV, Leiss L, Saed HS, Brekka N, Sakariassen PO, Lund-Johansen M, Enger PO, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H, Gawrisch V, Ruttgers M, Weigell P, Kerkhoff E, Riemenschneider M, Bogdahn U, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Hau P, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Kurozumi K, Maruo T, Fujii K, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Chiocca EA, Date I, Jain R, Griffith B, Khalil K, Scarpace L, Mikkelsen T, Kalkanis S, Schultz L, Jalali S, Chung C, Burrell K, Foltz W, Zadeh G, Jiang C, Wang H, Kijima N, Hosen N, Kagawa N, Hashimoto N, Chiba Y, Kinoshita M, Sugiyama H, Yoshimine T, Klank R, Decker S, Forster C, Price M, SantaCruz K, McCarthy J, Ohlfest J, Odde D, Kurozumi K, Onishi M, Ichikawa T, Fujii K, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Date I, Huang Y, Lin Q, Mao H, Wang Y, Kogiso M, Baxter P, Man C, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Li XN, Liang J, Piao Y, de Groot J, Lu K, Rivera L, Chang J, Bergers G, McDonell S, Liang J, Piao Y, Henry V, Holmes L, de Groot J, Michaelsen SR, Stockhausen MT, Hans, Poulsen S, Rosland GV, Talasila KM, Eskilsson E, Jahedi R, Azuaje F, Stieber D, Foerster S, Varughese J, Ritter C, Niclou SP, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H, Talasila KM, Soentgerath A, Euskirchen P, Rosland GV, Wang J, Huszthy PC, Prestegarden L, Skaftnesmo KO, Sakariassen PO, Eskilsson E, Stieber D, Keunen O, Nigro J, Vintermyr OK, Lund-Johansen M, Niclou SP, Mork S, Enger PO, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H, Mohan-Sobhana N, Hu B, De Jesus J, Hollingsworth B, Viapiano M, Muller-Greven G, Carlin C, Gladson C, Nakada M, Furuta T, Sabit H, Chikano Y, Hayashi Y, Sato H, Minamoto T, Hamada JI, Fack F, Espedal H, Obad N, Keunen O, Gotlieb E, Sakariassen PO, Miletic H, Niclou SP, Bjerkvig R, Bougnaud S, Golebiewska A, Stieber D, Oudin A, Brons NHC, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP, O'Halloran P, Viel T, Schwegmann K, Wachsmuth L, Wagner S, Kopka K, Dicker P, Faber C, Jarzabek M, Hermann S, Schafers M, O'Brien D, Prehn J, Jacobs A, Byrne A, Oka T, Ichikawa T, Kurozumi K, Inoue S, Fujii K, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Chiocca EA, Date I, Olsen LS, Stockhausen M, Poulsen HS, Plate KH, Scholz A, Henschler R, Baumgarten P, Harter P, Mittelbronn M, Dumont D, Reiss Y, Rahimpour S, Yang C, Frerich J, Zhuang Z, Renner D, Jin F, Parney I, Johnson A, Rockne R, Hawkins-Daarud A, Jacobs J, Bridge C, Mrugala M, Rockhill J, Swanson K, Schneider H, Szabo E, Seystahl K, Weller M, Takahashi Y, Ichikawa T, Maruo T, Kurozumi K, Onishi M, Ouchida M, Fuji K, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Chiocca EA, Date I, Umakoshi M, Ichikawa T, Kurozumi K, Onishi M, Fujii K, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Date I, Sim H, Gruenbacher P, Jakeman L, Viapiano M, Wang H, Jiang C, Wang H, Jiang C, Parker J, Dionne K, Canoll P, DeMasters B, Waziri A. ANGIOGENESIS AND INVASION. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Talasila KM, Soentgerath A, Euskirchen P, Rosland GV, Wang J, Huszthy PC, Prestegarden L, Skaftnesmo KO, Sakariassen PØ, Eskilsson E, Stieber D, Keunen O, Brekka N, Moen I, Nigro JM, Vintermyr OK, Lund-Johansen M, Niclou S, Mørk SJ, Enger PØ, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H. EGFR wild-type amplification and activation promote invasion and development of glioblastoma independent of angiogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:683-98. [PMID: 23429996 PMCID: PMC3631314 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is regarded as a hallmark of cancer progression and it has been postulated that solid tumor growth depends on angiogenesis. At present, however, it is clear that tumor cell invasion can occur without angiogenesis, a phenomenon that is particularly evident by the infiltrative growth of malignant brain tumors, such as glioblastomas (GBMs). In these tumors, amplification or overexpression of wild-type (wt) or truncated and constitutively activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are regarded as important events in GBM development, where the complex downstream signaling events have been implicated in tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis and proliferation. Here, we show that amplification and in particular activation of wild-type EGFR represents an underlying mechanism for non-angiogenic, invasive tumor growth. Using a clinically relevant human GBM xenograft model, we show that tumor cells with EGFR gene amplification and activation diffusely infiltrate normal brain tissue independent of angiogenesis and that transient inhibition of EGFR activity by cetuximab inhibits the invasive tumor growth. Moreover, stable, long-term expression of a dominant-negative EGFR leads to a mesenchymal to epithelial-like transition and induction of angiogenic tumor growth. Analysis of human GBM biopsies confirmed that EGFR activation correlated with invasive/non-angiogenic tumor growth. In conclusion, our results indicate that activation of wild-type EGFR promotes invasion and glioblastoma development independent of angiogenesis, whereas loss of its activity results in angiogenic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M. Talasila
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anke Soentgerath
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Cologne Merheim, 51109 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Euskirchen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro V. Rosland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter C. Huszthy
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Prestegarden
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kai Ove Skaftnesmo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Stieber
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Narve Brekka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Moen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Janice M. Nigro
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav K. Vintermyr
- Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Surgical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Simone Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sverre J. Mørk
- Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Øyvind Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, CRP-Santé, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Talasila KM, Soentgerath A, Euskirchen P, Rosland GV, Wang J, Huszthy PC, Prestegarden L, Skaftnesmo KO, Sakariassen PØ, Eskilsson E, Keunen O, Brekka N, Moen I, Nigro J, Vintermyr O, Lund-Johansen M, Mørk SJ, Enger PØ, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H. Abstract LB-518: Amplification and activation of EGFR wild-type mediates invasion of human glioblastoma in vivo. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumors with a median survival of 15 months. Although angiogenesis is one of the main features of GBMs, non-angiogenic tumor infiltration into brain parenchyma still is the major challenge for therapy. Tumor cells can migrate very far from the main tumor mass and the invasive pattern of tumor subpopulations has not been characterized properly. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification is one of the major mutations of primary GBMs, where multiple copies of the wild-type EGFR gene are present as double minutes. Although studies have proposed a role for EGFR gene amplification in tumor development, the function of EGFR in vivo is not characterized properly mainly due to inefficient tumor models. Here, we report a key role for EGFR wild-type in tumor invasion. In a human GBM xenograft model, we show that tumor cells with EGFR amplification and expression are highly invasive and non-angiogenic. By blocking EGFR activation using Cetuximab and a dominant-negative approach, we show that maintenance of the non-angiogenic, invasive growth pattern is dependent on EGFR function and that downregulation of its activity leads to angiogenic tumor growth. As EGFR amplification and expression is present in 40-60% of GBMs, our results might implicate that activation of EGFR wild-type is one of the major mechanisms of glioblastoma invasion in vivo.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-518. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-518
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Wang
- 1University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Euskirchen P, Skaftnesmo KO, Huszthy PC, Brekkå N, Bjerkvig R, Jacobs AH, Miletic H. NUMB does not impair growth and differentiation status of experimental gliomas. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2864-73. [PMID: 21939656 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The cell fate determinant NUMB orchestrates asymmetric cell division in flies and mammals and has lately been suggested to have a tumor suppressor function in breast and lung cancer. Here, we studied NUMB in the context of malignant gliomas. We used ectopic expression of NUMB in order to inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in glioma cells by alteration of Notch, Hedgehog and p53 signaling. We found that NUMB is consistently expressed in glioma biopsies with predominance of NUMB2/4 isoforms as determined by isoform-specific real-time PCR and Western blotting. Upon lentiviral overexpression, in vitro proliferation rate and the grade of differentiation as assessed by morphology and expression of neural and glial markers remained unchanged. Orthotopic xenografts of NUMB-transduced human U87 glioma cells could be established in nude rats without impairing engraftment or causing significant changes in morphology based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The previously reported alteration of Hedgehog and p53 signaling by NUMB could not be recapitulated in glioma cells. We thus show that in experimental gliomas, NUMB overexpression most likely does not exert a tumor suppressor function such as seen in epithelial cancers.
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Huszthy PC, Giroglou T, Tsinkalovsky O, Euskirchen P, Skaftnesmo KO, Bjerkvig R, von Laer D, Miletic H. Remission of invasive, cancer stem-like glioblastoma xenografts using lentiviral vector-mediated suicide gene therapy. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6314. [PMID: 19617915 PMCID: PMC2707627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The translation of therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma from the experimental phase into the clinic has been limited by insufficient animal models, which lack important features of human tumors. Lentiviral gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic option for human glioblastoma, which we validated in a clinically relevant animal model. Methodology/Principal Findings We used a rodent xenograft model that recapitulates the invasive and angiogenic features of human glioblastoma to analyze the transduction pattern and therapeutic efficacy of lentiviral pseudotyped vectors. Both, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (LCMV-GP) and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped lentiviral vectors very efficiently transduced human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, pseudotyped gammaretroviral vectors, similar to those evaluated for clinical therapy of glioblastoma, showed inefficient gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. Both pseudotyped lentiviral vectors transduced cancer stem-like cells characterized by their CD133-, nestin- and SOX2-expression, the ability to form spheroids in neural stem cell medium and to express astrocytic and neuronal differentiation markers under serum conditions. In a therapeutic approach using the suicide gene herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-1-tk) fused to eGFP, both lentiviral vectors mediated a complete remission of solid tumors as seen on MRI resulting in a highly significant survival benefit (p<0.001) compared to control groups. In all recurrent tumors, surviving eGFP-positive tumor cells were found, advocating prodrug application for several cycles to even enhance and prolong the therapeutic effect. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, lentiviral pseudotyped vectors are promising candidates for gene therapy of glioma in patients. The inefficient gene delivery by gammaretroviral vectors is in line with the results obtained in clinical therapy for GBM and thus confirms the high reproducibility of the invasive glioma animal model for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleg Tsinkalovsky
- The Gades Institute, Section for Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, CRP-Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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