A mitochondrion-targeted cyanine agent for NIR-II fluorescence-guided surgery combined with intraoperative photothermal therapy to reduce prostate cancer recurrence

Poorly identified tumor boundaries and nontargeted therapies lead to the high recurrence rates and poor quality of life of prostate cancer patients. Near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging provides certain advantages, including high resolution and the sensitive detection of tumor boundaries. Herein, a cyanine agent (CY7-4) with significantly greater tumor affinity and blood circulation time than indocyanine green was screened. By binding albumin, the absorbance of CY7-4 in an aqueous solution showed no effects from aggregation, with a peak absorbance at 830 nm and a strong fluorescence emission tail beyond 1000 nm. Due to its extended circulation time (half-life of 2.5 h) and high affinity for tumor cells, this fluorophore was used for primary and metastatic tumor diagnosis and continuous monitoring. Moreover, a high tumor signal-to-noise ratio (up to ~ 10) and excellent preferential mitochondrial accumulation ensured the efficacy of this molecule for photothermal therapy. Therefore, we integrated NIR-II fluorescence-guided surgery and intraoperative photothermal therapy to overcome the shortcomings of a single treatment modality. A significant reduction in recurrence and an improved survival rate were observed, indicating that the concept of intraoperative combination therapy has potential for the precise clinical treatment of prostate cancer.

Pituitary abscess: a descriptive analysis of a series of 19 patients-a multi-center experience

OBJECTIVES

Pituitary abscess (PA) accounts for only 0.3-0.5% of sellar masses, and the lack of specific clinical symptoms makes diagnosing PA difficult without a surgical biopsy. In clinical practice, PA is often mistaken for cystic pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, and Rathke's cyst. Thus, this study aims to investigate challenges in diagnosing PA and evaluate the importance of combining intraoperative surgery with postoperative antibiotic treatment.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 19 patients diagnosed with PA through histopathology. All patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary adenomas after undergoing comprehensive preoperative evaluations, including routine tests, endocrine assay, and imaging examination. Furthermore, we compared different treatments for pituitary abscess (PA) to determine the most effective approach for achieving a favorable prognosis.

RESULTS

The most prevalent symptom of PA was headache, especially in the frontal-temporal and vertex regions, ranging from mild to moderate severity. Hypopituitarism-related symptoms were also frequently observed, including hypaphrodisia, cold sensitivity, fatigue, weight loss, polyuria, and amenorrhea. Twelve patients exhibited abnormalities in endocrinology examinations. Diagnosing PA correctly is challenging. In our study, none of the patients were correctly diagnosed with PA prior to surgery, and many sellar lesions were misdiagnosed. The favorable prognosis was largely attributed to surgical intervention and active postoperative antibiotic therapy.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the lack of clarity in preoperative diagnosis, typical intraoperative findings and effective antibiotics treatment are more indicative of the correct diagnosis than other tests. In terms of therapy, optimal surgical intervention and active postoperative antibiotic treatment contribute to resolving the challenges posed by PA.

Intermittent mild cold acclimation ameliorates intestinal inflammation and immune dysfunction in acute cold-stressed broilers by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway

To investigate the potential protective effect of prior cold stimulation on broiler intestine induced by acute cold stress (ACS). A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were divided into control (CON), ACS, cold stimulation Ⅰ (CS3+ACS), and cold stimulation Ⅱ (CS9+ACS) groups. Broilers in CON and ACS groups were reared normally, and birds in CS3+ACS and CS9+ACS groups were reared at 3℃ and 9℃ below CON group for 5 h, respectively, on alternate days from d 15 to 35. Broilers in ACS, CS3+ACS, and CS9+ACS groups were subjected to 10℃ for 24 h on d 43. Eventually, small intestine tissues were collected for histopathological observation and indexes detection. The results showed that intestinal tissues in all ACS-broilers exhibited inflammatory cell infiltrates, microvilli disruption, reduced villus length in jejunum and increased crypt depth in jejunum and ileum. Whereas these phenomena were relatively light in CS3+ACS group. Compared to CON group, mRNA expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, COX-2, iNOS, PTGEs, TNF-α), Th1/Th17-derived cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-17), and HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90) was upregulated (P < 0.05), and that of Th2-deviated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) and IκBα was downregulated (P < 0.05) in small intestine in almost all ACS-broilers. Compared to ACS group, mRNA expression of most of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes, Th1/Th17-derived cytokines, and HSPs was downregulated and that of Th2-derived cytokines was upregulated in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-p65/p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, IKK, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and HSPs were similar to their mRNA expression. The concentration of sIgA and activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-px were decreased and MDA and H2O2 were increased in ACS and CS9+ACS groups compared to CON group (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stress caused oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to gut immune dysfunction; while mild cold stimulation at 3℃ below normal rearing temperature alleviated cold stress-induced intestinal injure and dysfunction by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in broilers.

Mechanistic insight into Cr(VI) retention by Si-containing ferrihydrite

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] causes serious harm to the environment due to its high toxicity, solubility, and mobility. Ferrihydrites (Fh) are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of Cr(VI) in soils and aquifers, and they usually coexist with silicate (Si), forming Si-containing ferrihydrite (Si-Fh) mixtures. However, the mechanism of Cr(VI) retention by Si-Fh mixtures is poorly understood. In this study, the behaviors and mechanisms of Cr(VI) adsorption onto Si-Fh with different Si/Fe molar ratios was investigated. Transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and other techniques were used to characterize Si-Fh and Cr(VI)-loading of Si-Fh. The results show that specific surface area of Si-Fh increases gradually with increasing Si/Fe ratios, but Cr(VI) adsorption on Si-Fh decreases with increasing Si/Fe ratios. This is because with an increase in Si/Fe molar ratio, the point of zero charge of Si-Fh gradually decreases and electrostatic repulsion between Si-Fh and Cr(VI) increases. However, the complexation of Cr(VI) is enhanced due to the increase in adsorbed hydroxyl (A-OH-) on Si-Fh with increasing Si/Fe molar ratio, which partly counteracts the effect of the electrostatic repulsion. Overall, the increase in the electrostatic repulsion has a greater impact on adsorption than the additional complexation with Si-Fh. Density functional theory calculation further supports this observation, showing the increases in electron variation of bonding atoms and reaction energies of inner spherical complexes with the increase in Si/Fe ratio.

Characterization and Discrimination of Marigold Oleoresin from Different Origins Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined Molecular Networking and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Marigold oleoresin is an oil-soluble natural colorant mainly extracted from marigold flowers. Xinjiang of China, India, and Zambia of Africa are the three main production areas of marigold flowers. Therefore, this study utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) technology, combined with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) and multivariate statistical analysis, for the qualitative and discriminant analysis of marigold oleoresin obtained from three different regions. Firstly, 83 compounds were identified in these marigold oleoresin samples. Furthermore, the results of a principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated significant differences in the chemical compositions of the marigold oleoresin samples from different regions. Finally, 12, 23, and 38 differential metabolites were, respectively, identified by comparing the marigold oleoresin from Africa with Xinjiang, Africa with India, and Xinjiang with India. In summary, these results can be used to distinguish marigold oleoresin samples from different regions, laying a solid foundation for further quality control and providing a theoretical basis for assessing its safety and nutritional aspects.

Second Near-Infrared Macrophage-Biomimetic Nanoprobes for Photoacoustic Imaging of Neuroinflammation

Neuroinflammation is a significant pathological event involving the neurodegenerative process associated with many neurological disorders. Diagnosis and treatment of neuroinflammation in its early stage are essential for the prevention and management of neurological diseases. Herein, we designed macrophage membrane-coated photoacoustic (PA) probes (MSINPs), with targeting specificities based on naturally existing target-ligand interactions for the early diagnosis of neuroinflammation. The second near-infrared dye, IR1061, was doped into silica as the core and was encapsulated with a macrophage membrane. In vitro as well as in vivo, the MSINPs could target inflammatory cells via the inflammation chemotactic effect. PA imaging was used to trace the MSINPs in a neuroinflammation mouse model and showed a great targeted effect of MSINPs in the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, the biomimetic nanoprobe prepared in this study offers a new strategy for PA molecular imaging of neuroinflammation, which can enhance our understanding of the evolution of neuroinflammation in specific brain regions.

Effects of light perception on visual function recovery in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy

This study aimed to assess the impact of light perception presence or absence on visual function recovery in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 206 TON patients. Based on the presence or absence of light perception after injury, patients were categorized into a light perception group and a non-light perception group. A comparison was made between the two groups regarding visual acuity recovery before and after treatment. The non-light perception group comprised 63 patients, with a treatment effectiveness rate of 39.68%. The light perception group consisted of 143 patients, with a treatment effectiveness rate of 74.83%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 23.464, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis indicated that surgical treatment appeared to be more effective than steroid hormone therapy for patients with light perception. Conversely, for patients without light perception, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two methods. The total effectiveness rate of the light perception group was significantly higher than that of the non-light perception group, suggesting that patients with light perception before treatment experience better outcomes compared to those without light perception. Treatment choices should be individualized to ensure optimal results.

USP14 exhibits high expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma and plays a crucial role in promoting the growth of liver cancer cells through the HK2/AKT/P62 axis

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant role of USP14 in various solid tumors. However, the role of USP14 in the regulation of HCC development and progression remains unclear.

METHODS

We discovered through GEO and TCGA databases that USP14 may play an important role in liver cancer. Using bioinformatics analysis based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we screened and identified USP14 as highly expressed in liver cancer. We detected the growth and metastasis of HCC cells promoted by USP14 through clone formation, cell counting kit 8 assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. In addition, we detected the impact of USP14 on the downstream protein kinase B (AKT) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways using western blotting. The interaction mechanism between USP14 and HK2 was determined using immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation (CO-IP) experiments.

RESULTS

We found that sh-USP14 significantly inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and invasion of liver cancer cells, promoting apoptosis. Further exploration revealed that sh-USP14 significantly inhibited the expression of HK2. Sh-USP14 can significantly inhibit the expression of AKT and EMT signals. Further verification through immunofluorescence and CO-IP experiments revealed that USP14 co-expressed with HK2. Further research has found that USP14 regulates the glycolytic function of liver cancer cells by the deubiquitination of HK2. USP14 regulates the autophagy function of liver cancer cells by regulating the interaction between SQSTM1/P62 and HK2.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that USP14 plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis of liver cancer. We also revealed the protein connections between USP14, HK2, and P62 and elucidated the potential mechanisms driving cancer development. The USP14/HK2/P62 axis may be a new therapeutic biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Targeted Cyclo[8]pyrrole-Based NIR-II Photoacoustic Tomography Probe for Suppression of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor Growth and Intra-abdominal Metastases

Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal. New diagnostic and treatment modalities are desperately needed. We report here that an expanded porphyrin, cyclo[8]pyrrole (CP), with a high extinction coefficient (89.16 L/g·cm) within the second near-infrared window (NIR-II), may be formulated with an αvβ3-specific targeting peptide, cyclic-Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD), to form cRGD-CP nanoparticles (cRGD-CPNPs) with promising NIR-II photothermal (PT) therapeutic and photoacoustic (PA) imaging properties. Studies with a ring-array PA tomography system, coupled with analysis of control nanoparticles lacking a targeting element (CPNPs), revealed that cRGD conjugation promoted the delivery of the NPs through abnormal vessels around the tumor to the solid tumor core. This proved true in both subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor mice models, as confirmed by immunofluorescent studies. In combination with NIR-II laser photoirradiation, the cRGD-CPNPs provided near-baseline tumor growth inhibition through PTT both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the combination of the present cRGD-CPNPs and photoirradiation was found to inhibit intra-abdominal metastases in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor mouse model. The cRGD-CPNPs also displayed good biosafety profiles, as inferred from PA tomography, blood analyses, and H&E staining. They thus appear promising for use in combined PA imaging and PT therapeutic treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Life cycle analysis of common landfill final cover systems focusing on carbon neutrality

Carbon emissions from landfill construction and management have become a global concern. Life cycle analysis (LCA) has been widely used to assess the environmental impacts of engineered infrastructures over their lifetimes. LCA has also been applied to landfill leachate and gas management, but rarely to landfill final cover systems. This paper reports the results of an LCA of the following landfill final cover systems: compacted clay cover, geomembrane cover, cover with capillary effects (CCBE), dual capillary barrier cover, three-layer landfill cover system using natural soils, three-layer cover using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and biochar-amended three-layer landfill cover system using RCA. The LCA assessment of landfill cover considers the cost, carbon emissions and carbon sequestration during the production, construction and operation phases. The effects of landfill cover on global warming, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity and fossil resource scarcity are also evaluated. In addition, the sensitivities of cost and carbon emission to the use of electric-powered machines and transportation distance are analysed. It is revealed that the three-layer cover system using RCA and biochar has the lowest unit cost and carbon emission of all of the covers, up to 88 % and 66 % lower, respectively, than those of the other six covers. In addition, this cover system has the highest carbon sequestration rate, with a value of 47.9 kg CO2/(y·m2), four times higher than that of the compacted clay cover. Finally, this sustainable cover mitigates global warming and reduces adverse environmental impacts by up to 82 %. Therefore, the biochar amended three-layer cover system using RCA without geomembrane offers the greatest economic benefits, performs effectively in terms of the pursuit of carbon neutrality and promotes sustainable development.

A High-Strength Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Supported by an Ordered Porous Cathode Membrane

The phase inversion tape casting has been widely used to fabricate open straight porous supports for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which can offer better gas transmission and minimize the concentration polarization. However, the overall weak strength of the macro-porous structure still limits the applications of these SOFCs. In this work, a novel SOFC supported by an ordered porous cathode membrane with a four-layer configuration containing a finger-like porous 3 mol% yttria- stabilized zirconia (3YSZ)-La0.8Sr0.2Co0.6Fe0.4O3-δ (LSCF) catalyst, porous 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ)-LSCF catalyst, and dense 8YSZ porous 8YSZ-NiO catalyst is successfully prepared by the phase inversion tape casting, dip-coating, co-sintering, and impregnation process. The flexural strength of the open straight porous 3YSZ membrane is as high as 131.95 MPa, which meets the requirement for SOFCs. The cathode-supported single cell shows a peak power density of 540 mW cm-2 at 850 °C using H2 as the fuel. The degradation mechanism of the SOFC is investigated by the combination of microstructure characterization and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis.

A controlled trial of percutaneous adrenal arterial embolization for hypertension in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism

Our prior study has suggested that percutaneous superselective adrenal arterial embolization (SAAE) with ethanol reduces blood pressure in patients with primary aldosteronism. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of SAAE with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) in treating patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism in a 1:1 ratio to undergo SAAE (n = 29) or receive MRA (n = 30) treatment. The primary endpoint was the change in mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure at 6 months. The secondary endpoints included changes in office blood pressure, home blood pressure, correction of aldosterone-to-renin ratio, and adverse events at 6 months. The mean change in 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure from baseline to 6-month follow-up was significantly different between the two groups (-8.4 mmHg; 95% confidence interval, -15.2 to -2.1 mmHg; P < 0.01). Office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure reduction at 6 months was more pronounced in the SAAE group than the MRA group (all P < 0.05). Aldosterone-to-renin ratio was lower in the SAAE group than the MRA group at 1 and 3 months (both P < 0.01), while it had no difference between the two groups at 6 months. None of the patients experienced serious adverse events in the perioperative and 6-month follow-up periods. SAAE, as a hormonal debulking procedure, is superior to MRA in blood pressure control and correction of biochemical abnormalities in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism.

Intraprocedural Cortisol Measurement Increases Adrenal Vein Cannulation Success Rate in Primary Aldosteronism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of intraprocedural cortisol measurement (IPCM) for the technical success rates of bilateral adrenal vein, right adrenal vein (RAV), and left adrenal vein (LAV) cannulation during adrenal vein sampling (AVS).

METHODS

Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were performed from database inception to May 10, 2023, without any restrictions. We estimated the overall effect estimates of outcomes using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. We conducted subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis to explore the possible sources of between-study heterogeneity.

RESULTS

In total, 3,485 patients from 11 studies (three prospective and eight retrospective) were enrolled. Bilateral selectivity in patients who underwent IPCM during AVS was significantly higher than that in patients who underwent a routine AVS procedure (84% vs. 64%, RR 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-1.59, P < 0.01), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 68%). A 42% relative risk reduction in the failure rate of bilateral adrenal vein cannulation was found in the IPCM group. Moreover, pooled analysis showed a significant increase in the success rates of RAV cannulation (84% vs. 72%, RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12-1.31, P < 0.01, I2 = 33%) and LAV cannulation (89% vs. 84%, RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08, P < 0.01, I2 = 4%) when IPCM was implemented during the AVS procedure compared to the routine AVS procedure.

CONCLUSIONS

An IPCM-based strategy during AVS appears to have a significant beneficial effect on improving the success rate of bilateral cannulation, RAV cannulation and LAV cannulation.

Relief of tumor hypoxia using a nanoenzyme amplifies NIR-II photoacoustic-guided photothermal therapy

Hypoxia is a critical tumor microenvironment (TME) component. It significantly impacts tumor growth and metastasis and is known to be a major obstacle for cancer therapy. Integrating hypoxia modulation with imaging-based monitoring represents a promising strategy that holds the potential for enhancing tumor theranostics. Herein, a kind of nanoenzyme Prussian blue (PB) is synthesized as a metal-organic framework (MOF) to load the second near-infrared (NIR-II) small molecule dye IR1061, which could catalyze hydrogen peroxide to produce oxygen and provide a photothermal conversion element for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT). To enhance stability and biocompatibility, silica was used as a coating for an integrated nanoplatform (SPI). SPI was found to relieve the hypoxic nature of the TME effectively, thus suppressing tumor cell migration and downregulating the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), both of which led to an amplified NIR-II PTT effect in vitro and in vivo, guided by the NIR-II PAI. Furthermore, label-free multi-spectral PAI permitted the real-time evaluation of SPI as a putative tumor treatment. A clinical histological analysis confirmed the amplified treatment effect. Hence, SPI combined with PAI could offer a new approach for tumor diagnosing, treating, and monitoring.

NIR-II Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Oxygen Delivery and Controlled Release Improves Photodynamic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hypoxia, a prominent hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), undermines curative outcomes, elevates recurrence rates, and fosters metastasis, particularly during photodynamic therapy (PDT) in clinical settings. Studies indicate that alleviating tumor hypoxia enhances PDT efficacy. However, persistent challenges, including suboptimal oxygen delivery efficiency and absence of real-time feedback on blood oxygen fluctuations during PDT, considerably impede therapeutic efficacy in tumor treatment. This study addresses these issues using near-infrared-II (NIR-II) photoacoustic (PA) imaging for tumor-targeted oxygen delivery and controlled release. For this purpose, a biomimetic oxygen delivery system designated BLICP@O2 is developed, which utilizes hybrid tumor cell membranes and thermosensitive liposomes as oxygen carriers, incorporating the NIR-II dye IR1048, photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), and perfluorohexane. Upon sequential irradiation at 1064 and 690 nm, BLICP@O2 exhibits significant photothermal and photodynamic effects. Photothermal heating triggers oxygen release, enhancing the photodynamic effect of Ce6. Blood oxygen changes during PDT are tracked by multispectral PA imaging. Enhanced PDT efficacy, mediated by hypoxia relief, is convincingly demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. This work presents an imaging-guided, dual-wavelength programmed cascaded treatment strategy for tumor-targeted oxygen delivery and controlled release, with real-time efficacy monitoring using PA imaging, offering valuable insights for overcoming challenges in PDT-based cancer therapy.

Silencing FUT4 Inhibits the Progression of Osteosarcoma through Activation of FOXO1

BACKGROUND

It has been reported that inhibition of Fucosyltransferase4 (FUT4) to activate Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) can lead to apoptosis of cancer cells, however, the mechanism in osteosarcoma is still unclear.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the biological significance of the connection between FUT4 and FOXO1 in osteosarcoma growth.

METHODS

In vitro tests were conducted using the human osteoblast cell line and the osteosarcoma cell lines. QRT-PCR assay as well as western blot assay were used to ascertain the relative expression levels of FUT4 and FOXO1 in the cells. By using the CCK-8 assay, colony assay, EDU assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, osteosarcoma cells' ability to proliferate, migrate and invade were examined in relation to si- FUT4. TUNEL test was used to evaluate Si-impact FUT4's on KHOS and U2OS apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Western blot assay was used to identify the expression of proliferative, migrating and apoptosis-related protein markers in osteosarcoma cells KHOS and U2OS and the expression of important proteins in the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway.

RESULTS

In comparison with osteoblasts, osteosarcoma cells expressed more FUT4. The osteosarcoma cells' capacities to proliferate, invade, and migrate were markedly inhibited by the inhibition of FUT4 expression, which also increased osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was blocked by upregulating FOXO1 expression, which was in turn inhibited by inhibiting FUT4 expression.

CONCLUSION

Osteosarcoma cells express more FUT4. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on osteosarcoma cell death, and inhibition of FUT4 expression may target FOXO1 activation to decrease osteosarcoma cells' ability to proliferate, invade, and migrate.

Comprehensive viewpoints on heart rate variability at high altitude

OBJECTIVES

Hypoxia is a physiological state characterized by reduced oxygen levels in organs and tissues. It is a common clinicopathological process and a major cause of health problems in highland areas.  Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the balance in autonomic innervation to the heart. It provides valuable information on the regulation of the cardiovascular system by neurohumoral factors, and changes in HRV reflect the complex interactions between multiple systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV. We summarize the different mechanisms of diseases caused by hypoxia and explore the changes in HRV across various systems. Additionally, we discuss relevant pharmaceutical interventions. Overall, this review aims to provide research ideas and assistance for in-depth studies on HRV. By understanding the intricate relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the effects of hypoxia on cardiovascular and other systems.

METHODS

The relevant literature was collected systematically from scientific database, including PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of hypoxia.

RESULTS

There is a close relationship between heart rate variability and high-altitude hypoxia. Heart rate variability is an indicator that evaluates the impact of hypoxia on the cardiovascular system and other related systems. By improving the observation of HRV, we can estimate the progress of cardiovascular diseases and predict the impact on other systems related to cardiovascular health. At the same time, changes in heart rate variability can be used to observe the efficacy of preventive drugs for altitude related diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

HRV can be used to assess autonomic nervous function under various systemic conditions, and can be used to predict and monitor diseases caused by hypoxia at high altitude. Investigating the correlation between high altitude hypoxia and heart rate variability can help make HRV more rapid, accurate, and effective for the diagnosis of plateau-related diseases.

A modified single-catheter approach for improving adrenal venous sampling in patients with primary aldosteronism

OBJECTIVES

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is an established procedure for assessing subtype patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). However, it is technically challenging, with high failure rates, which limits its application in clinical practice. Our study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single-catheter modified approach for AVS.

METHODS

The clinical, angiographic, and procedural data of 182 consecutive patients who underwent AVS procedures between May 2020 and May 2023 were collected and analyzed. The single-catheter modified approach was performed as a single 5 F Tiger catheter with only one-time manual reshaping, which was recommended for sequential bilateral adrenal cannulations.

RESULTS

Of the 182 consecutive patients, 174 (95.6%) had successful bilateral adrenal cannulation. The single-catheter modified approach was successfully performed to cannulate the right adrenal vein in 176 (96.7%) patients, while another six (3.3%) patients needed at least a second manual reshaping for 5 F Tiger catheters. For left adrenal cannulation, a single-catheter modified approach was successfully used in 179 (98.4%) patients, whereas 5 F Tiger catheters with at least second-time manual reshaping were used in the remaining three (1.6%) patients. The procedural period was 15.6 ± 10.8 min, the fluoroscopy time was 4.2 ± 1.5 min, and the diagnostic contrast was 15.5 ± 4.8 mL. The incidence of procedure-related complications associated with AVS was 1.1%. The cumulative summation assessment illustrated that the learning curve for the operating procedure required up to 29 cases, indicating that the procedure time was shortened after 29 cases.

CONCLUSIONS

The single-catheter modified approach is an effective, safe, and feasible technique for AVS treatment. In particular, this improved method is not difficult for beginners with high technical success rates.

[Classification, diagnosis and treatment status of pulmonary hypertension from 2012 to 2019: a single center study in Yunnan province]

Objective: To analyze the classification, diagnosis and treatment status of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Yunnan province. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Hospitalized patients with PH at Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled. The clinical data of enrolled patients, including demographic data, comorbidities, targeted drug therapy, echocardiography and right heart catheterization results, were obtained through the electronic medical record system. The composition ratio of PH, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results: A total of 13 590 patients with PH were enrolled, accounting for 3.09% (13 590/440 056) of the total number of hospitalizations during the same period. The composition of PH was predominantly pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (55.50% (7 542/13 590)), followed by pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by left heart disease (24.16% (3 284/13 590)). Among them, PAH could be subdivided into four types: idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), PAH associated with connective tissue disease, PAH associated with portal hypertension, and PAH associated with congenital heart disease (CHD-PAH), with CHD-PAH as the predominating type (98.09% (7 398/7 542). Patients with PAH were predominantly adolescents. In hospitalized patients with PH, from 2012 to 2019, the proportion of children and adolescents showed a decreasing trend from year to year, and the proportion of middle-aged and older adults showed a significant increasing trend, and the proportion of female patients showed a gradual decreasing trend, and the proportion of patients with comorbid hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, and pneumonia showed an increasing trend. A total of 1 034 patients (7.61% (1 034/13 590)) underwent right heart catheterization. The concordance rate between echocardiographic and right heart catheterization findings was (86.98% (875/1 006)). A total of 2 574 (18.94%) of PH patients were treated with PAH targeted drugs, of which 58.16% (1 497/2 574) were treated with monotherapy. Among the PH patients treated with PAH targeted drugs, the majority of patients were PAH patients (86.44% (2 225/2 574)), and 83.53% (2 150/2 574) patients treated with PAH targeted drugs were CHD-PAH. Conclusions: Hospitalized PH patients in our center between 2012 and 2019 are predominantly CHD-PAH, and the proportion of patients receiving right heart catheterization and targeted drug therapy is relatively low. The percentage of middle-aged and elderly PH patients shows an increasing trend from year to year, as well as the percentage of those with concomitant comorbidities.

Flexible electrode-based voltammetric detection of Y (III) ions in real water samples using an efficient CyDTA complexing strategy

The rapid detection of rare earth elements is crucial in various fields, such as materials science, biomedicine, and water quality assessment. However, no studies have reported on the detection of yttrium (Y) using electrochemical sensor-based devices. In this study, we present an innovative method for detecting Y(III) ions in aquatic environments using an electroanalytical detection platform. We have developed a complexation catalytic method that integrates trans-1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CyDTA) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), thereby enhancing the adsorption and electrochemical response of Y(III) ions. The modified electrode demonstrates an 18-fold increase in the response signal of the Y(III) reduction peak compared to the bare LIG electrode. To elucidate the electrocatalytic mechanism, we conducted various interface characterization methods and DFT simulations. The Ag-CyDTA/LIG electrode exhibits excellent detection performance, with a broad linear dynamic range of 1 × 10-6 to 0.01 g/L and an exceptionally low detection limit of 0.02 μg/L. Significantly, we successfully employed the electrochemical sensing platform to analyze real water samples from rare earth ore, marking the first report on the voltammetric detection of Y(III) ions in real water samples using a flexible electrode. These findings offer a promising technical solution for the practical detection of Y(III) ions.

Correlation between nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia and mild cognitive impairment in the older adult and the role of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

To explore the prevalence of nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia (NIH) in a tertiary hospital geriatric department and the relationship between NIH and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults, and to examine the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism.

METHODS

Older adults aged ≥ 60 were enrolled. NIH and cognitive assessments were conducted. BDNF concentrations and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were detected for a preliminary exploration of the possible mechanism of the process.

RESULTS

Of 325 older adults enrolled, 157 (48%) had NIH and were further divided into mild, moderate, and severe NIH groups according to their oxygen desaturation of ≥ 4% per hour of sleep (ODI4). MCI detection rate in the four groups gradually increased, and the differences were statistically significant (chi-square = 4.457, P = 0.035). ODI4 was negatively correlated with MoCA score in all participants (r =  - 0.115, P = 0.039) and patients with NIH (r =  - 0.199, P = 0.012). After adjusting for sex, age, and cardiovascular risk factors, NIH and MCI remained independently associated (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.03-9.53, P = 0.045). BDNF levels were positively correlated with MoCA score (r = 0.169, P = 0.028) and negatively correlated with nocturnal average oxygen saturation in patients with NIH (r =  - 0.288, P = 0.008). Older adults with different BDNF Val66Met genotypes did not show significant differences in MCI rate and BDNF levels (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The older adults with NIH have a higher MCI detection rate. BDNF levels may be a potential biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in patients with NIH.

Positron emission tomography to detect bone marrow involvement for patients with follicular lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Detection of bone marrow involvement (BMI) for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) is of great significance for staging and treatment. The clinical value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessing BMI is still under debate and investigation. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating PET/CT in detecting BMI in FL patients. Data extraction and quality evaluation were independently conducted by two reviewers, and nine eligible studies were selected as final quantitative analysis. Nine studies comprising 1119 FL patients were included. The pooled sensitivity was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.38-0.87), and the pooled specificity was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75-0.87). The pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 3.7 (95% CI, 2.1-6.3), 0.4 (95% CI, 0.18-0.91), and 9 (95% CI, 2-33), respectively. The area under the curve of PET/CT to detect BMI in FL patients was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.8-0.86). Current evidence suggests that PET/CT cannot replace bone marrow biopsy to detect BMI, but it is still of partial clinical significance for the prognosis of patients with follicular lymphoma.

The efficacy of hydrogel containing zinc oxide-loaded and minocycline serum albumin nanopartical in the treatment of peri-implantitis

BACKGROUND

We conducted this animal study to assess the efficacy of the novel hydrogel containing zinc oxide-loaded and minocycline serum albumin nanoparticals (Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs) on peri-implantitis in an experimental mouse model.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs was prepared as previously reported. The peri-implantitis model was successfully established in rats, and the rats were divided into three groups randomly: Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs (Mino-ZnO) group, minocycline group, and untreated group. Four weeks later, clinical and radiographic assessments were performed to evaluate soft tissue inflammation and bone resorption level. Histologic analysis was performed to estimate the amount of remaining supporting bone tissue (SBT) around implants. ELISA tests were used to determine the concentration of inflammation factor interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and anti-inflammation factor tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) around implants.

RESULTS

After one month, the Mino-ZnO group showed better results than the other two groups in regards to the results of bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, bleeding index and gingival index. X-ray showed that SBT at mesial and distal sites around implants in the other two groups was significantly lower compared with that of Mino-ZnO group. The quantity of osteoclasts in peri-implant tissues of the Mino-ZnO group was less than that in the minocycline and untreated groups. IL-1β in the Mino-ZnO group was lower than that in the other two groups. TNF-α level was the opposite.

CONCLUSIONS

Mino-ZnO@Alb NPs can effectively treat peri-implantitis and promote soft tissue healing, and may act as a promising product.

Myocardial infarction impaired wall mechanics and hemodynamics in peripheral arteries

Myocardial infarction (MI) impaired both cardiac functions and peripheral arteries. The changes in normal and shear stresses in the peripheral artery wall are of importance for understanding the progression of MI-induced heart failure (HF). The aim of the study is to investigate the corresponding changes of normal and shear stresses. The coronary artery ligation was used to induce the MI in Wistar rats. The analysis of wall mechanics and hemodynamics was performed based on in vivo and in vitro measurements. Myocardial infarction increased wall stiffness in elastic carotid and muscular femoral arteries significantly albeit different changes occurred between the two vessels from 3 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Moreover, the hemodynamic analysis showed the gradually deteriorated wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index and relative residence time in the two arteries. This study probably shed light on understanding the interaction between abnormal systemic circulation and peripheral mechanics and hemodynamics during the development of MI-induced HF.

Handheld photoacoustic imaging of indocyanine green clearance for real-time quantitative evaluation of liver reserve function

Preoperative assessment of liver function reserve (LFR) is essential for determining the extent of liver resection and predicting the prognosis of patients with liver disease. In this paper, we present a real-time, handheld photoacoustic imaging (PAI) system-based noninvasive approach for rapid LFR assessment. A linear-array ultrasound transducer was sealed in a housing filled with water; its front end was covered with a plastic wrap. This PAI system was first implemented on phantoms to confirm that the photoacoustic (PA) intensity of indocyanine green (ICG) in blood reflects the concentration of ICG in blood. In vivo studies on normal rabbits and rabbits with liver fibrosis were carried out by recording the dynamic PA signal of ICG in their jugular veins. By analyzing the PA intensity-time curve, a clear difference was identified in the pharmacokinetic behavior of ICG between the two groups. In normal rabbits, the mean ICG clearance rate obtained by PAI at 15 min after administration (PAI-R15) was below 21.6%, whereas in rabbits with liver fibrosis, PAI-R15 exceeded 62.0% because of poor liver metabolism. The effectiveness of the proposed method was further validated by the conventional ICG clearance test and pathological examination. Our findings suggest that PAI is a rapid, noninvasive, and convenient method for LFR assessment and has immense potential for assisting clinicians in diagnosing and managing patients with liver disease.

[Effect of oral contraceptives pretreatment on cumulative clinical pregnancy of oocyte retrieval cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome women with gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist protocol]

Objective: To investigate the effect of pretreatment with oral contraceptives (OC) on cumulative clinical pregnancy of oocyte retrieval cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze PCOS women who underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment with GnRH antagonist in the Reproductive Medical Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. A total of 225 patients were divided into OC pretreatment group (119 patients) and non-pretreatment group (106 patients), according to whether they received OC before GnRH antagonist protocol. The baseline information, IVF, and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of OC pretreatment on cumulative clinical pregnancy of the oocyte retrieval cycle. Results: The age of 225 patients was (31.1±3.3) years old. The ages of patients in the OC pretreatment group and non-pretreatment group were (31.0±3.3) and (31.2±3.3) years old (P>0.05), respectively. The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate of oocyte retrieval cycle was significantly higher in the OC pretreatment group than that in the non-pretreatment group (79.8%, 95 patients; 67.0%, 71 patients; P=0.029). Age <35 years old (OR=3.199, 95%CI: 1.200-8.531, P=0.020), OC pretreatment (OR=3.129, 95%CI: 1.305-7.506, P=0.011), number of oocytes retrieved (OR=1.102, 95%CI: 1.007-1.206, P=0.035) and number of high-quality embryos (OR=1.536, 95%CI: 1.205-1.957, P=0.001) were related factors for the cumulative clinical pregnancy of oocyte retrieval cycle. Conclusions: OC pretreatment before GnRH antagonist protocol can significantly increase the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate of oocyte retrieval cycle in women with PCOS. Age <35 years old, OC pretreatment, the number of oocytes retrieved, and the number of high-quality embryos were related factors for the cumulative clinical pregnancy of oocyte retrieval cycle.

[Hotspots and prospects of esophageal cancer research in China]

Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with a high incidence in China. At pesent, advanced esophageal cancer patients are still frequently encountered. The primary treatment for resectable advanced esophageal cancer is surgery-based multimodality therapy, including preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, followed by radical esophagectomy with thoraco-abdominal two-field or cervico-thoraco-abdominal three-field lymphadenectomy via minimally invasive approach or thoracotomy. In addition, adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy, or immunotherapy may also be administered if suggested by postoperative pathological results. Although the treatment outcome of esophageal cancer has improved significantly in China, many clinical issues remain controversial. In this article, we summarize the current hotspots and important issues of esophageal cancer in China, including prevention and early diagnosis, treatment selection for early esophageal cancer, surgical approach selection, lymphadenectomy method, preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, postoperative adjuvant therapy, and nutritional support treatment.

[Optimization of perioperative treatment strategies for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from the perspective of tumor heterogeneity]

Recent advances in multimodality treatment offer excellent opportunities to rethink the paradigm of perioperative management for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. One treatment clearly doesn't fit all in terms of a broad disease spectrum. Individualized treatment of local control of bulky primary tumor burden (advanced T stage) or systemic control of nodal metastatic tumor burden (advanced N stage) is essential. Given that clinically applicable predictive biomarkers are still awaited, therapy selection guided by diverse phenotypes of tumor burden (T vs. N) is promising. Potential challenges regarding the use of immunotherapy may also boost this novel strategy in the future.

Study on adsorption and recovery utilization of phosphorus using alkali melting-hydrothermal treated oil-based drilling cutting ash

Oil-based drill cutting ash (OBDCA) was treated by alkali melting-hydrothermal method and used as novel adsorbent (AM-HT-OBDCA) for the recovery of phosphorus (P) in water body. The experiment parameter for preparation of AM-HT-OBDCA was optimized, including alkali melting ratio (M_OBDCA: M_NaOH), alkali melting temperature and hydrothermal temperature. The adsorption process of phosphorus on AM-HT-OBDCA was fit well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model. The calculated theoretic adsorption capacity of phosphorus on AM-HT-OBDCA was 62.9 mg/g. The adsorption behavior was spontaneous and endothermic. The effect of pH value and interfering ions on the adsorption of phosphorus in AM-HT-OBDCA was investigated. The main existing form of adsorbed phosphorus on AM-HT-OBDCA was sodium hydroxide extraction form phosphorus (NaOH-P), including iron form phosphorus (Fe-P) and aluminum form phosphorus (Al-P). Precipitation and ligand exchange were the main mechanisms of phosphorus adsorption on AM-HT-OBDCA. The AM-HT-OBDCA used for phosphorus adsorption (AM-HT-OBDCA-P) could be further utilized as fertilizer to promote plant growth. The results of this study provide fundamental data and evaluation support for resource utilization of OBDCA. These results will also provide a reference for the adsorption and recovery utilization of phosphorus using solid waste-based adsorbent.

Stabilization and strengthening of chromium(VI)-contaminated soil via magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) and phytase addition

Cr(VI) contamination of soil threatens the environment and reduces soil strength. Therefore, both Cr(VI) stabilization and soil reinforcement should be considered in site remediation for future construction. This study investigated a biochemical treatment process using magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) and phytase. MAP was hydrolyzed via phytase catalysis to produce ascorbic acid (AA) and MgHPO₄·3H₂O precipitation. The AA reduced Cr(VI) into low-toxic Cr(III), which precipitated as Cr(OH)₃ and CrPO₄. More than 90% of the 500 mg/kg Cr(VI) in soil was reduced by 5% MAP (wt% of soil) and 1% phytase (vol/vol of soil water) doses at the geotechnically optimal soil moisture content of 16.8%. The MgHPO₄·3H₂O precipitates filled soil pores and enhanced the unconfined compression strength of treated soil by more than two times. This research reports a novel and practical enzymatically induced phosphate precipitation process for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.

[Effects of three medical nutrition therapies for weight loss on metabolic parameters and androgen level in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome]

Objective: To investigate the effects of calorie-restricted diet (CRD), high protein diet (HPD), high protein, and high dietary fiber diet (HPD+HDF) on metabolic parameters and androgen level in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods: Ninety overweight/obese patients with PCOS from Peking University First Hospital from October 2018 to February 2020 were given medical nutrition weight loss therapy for 8 weeks and were randomly divided into CRD group, HPD group, and HPD+HDF group, with 30 patients in each group. Body composition, insulin resistance, and androgen level were detected before and after weight loss, and the efficacy of three weight loss therapies was compared through variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: Eight patients in CRD group quit because they could not strictly complete the follow-up, therefore at the end of weight loss, 22, 30, and 30 patients in CRD group, HPD group and HPD+HDF group, respectively, were included in the final analysis. The baseline ages of the three groups were (31±2) years, (32±5) years and (31±5) years, respectively (P=0.952). After weight loss, the relevant indicators in HPD group and HPD+HDF group decreased more than those in CRD group. The body weight of CRD group, HPD group and HPD+HDF group decreased by 4.20 (11.92, 1.80), 5.00 (5.10, 3.32) and 6.10 (8.10, 3.07) kg, respectively (P=0.038); BMI of the three groups decreased by 0.80 (1.70, 0.40), 0.90 (1.23, 0.50) and 2.20 (3.30, 1.12) kg/m², respectively (P=0.002); homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) index decreased by 0.48(1.93, 0.05), 1.21(2.91, 0.18) and 1.22(1.75, 0.89), respectively (P=0.196); and free androgen index(FAI) decreased by 0.23(0.67, -0.04), 0.41(0.64, 0.30) and 0.44(0.63, 0.24), respectively (P=0.357). Conclusions: The three medical nutrition therapies can effectively reduce the weight of overweight/obese patients with PCOS, and improve insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Compared with CRD group, HPD group, and HPD+HDF group have better fat-reducing effect, and can better preserve muscle and basal metabolic rate while losing weight.

Stabilization of Pb(II) in wastewater and tailings by commercial bacteria through microbially induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP)

Microbially induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP) is an effective and eco-friendly method for Pb(II) stabilization. The phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) for MIPP are commonly isolated from Pb(II)-contaminated sites through a series of intricate and time-consuming enrichment and purification processes. This research used ready-made commercial bacteria to develop a simple MIPP process. Bacillus subtilis (BS, CCTCC AB 98002) was selected from two commercial PSM strains owing to more effective Pb(II) removal. Compared to the most isolated microorganisms, BS released more than twice as much inorganic phosphorus (Pi) as well as had a high-level Pb(II) tolerance. BS could remove >99% of Pb(II) from 500 mg/L Pb(II)-containing water at the optimal 0.05 M sodium glycerophosphate (SGP), pH 7-9, and ≤0.03 M MgCl₂, outperforming most isolated microorganisms. In addition, BS could mitigate the contamination risk of the lead‑zinc tailings, by reducing the readily leachable Pb(II) concentration from 0.81 mg/L (over the regulatory limit of 0.1 mg/L) to 0.00042 mg/L. The unstable Pb(II) in the solution and tailings was ultimately stabilized to Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl after the SGP phosphorlysis and phosphate precipitation processes. In conclusion, commercial BS is a superior alternative to isolated microorganisms for MIPP on Pb(II) stabilization. The simple-processed and high-effective BS-based MIPP provides the MIPP method a new insight for widespread implementation in the remediation of heavy metals-containing wastewater, soil, and waste.

Structural and magnetic properties of Y3(GaAlFe)5O12 liquid-phase epitaxy films with low ferromagnetic resonance losses

Ultra-thin rare earth iron garnet (RIG) films with a narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) line width and a low damping factor have attracted a great deal of attention for microwave and spintronic applications. In this work, 200 nm Y₃(GaAlFe)₅O₁₂ garnet (GaAl-YIG) films were prepared on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) with low saturation magnetization. The microstructural properties, chemical composition, and magnetostatic and dynamic magnetization characteristics of the films are discussed in detail. According to the structural analysis, these films exhibit a low surface roughness of less than 0.5 nm. The GaAl-YIG films show an obvious temperature dependence of lattice parameter and strain state, and the film's parameter is perfectly matched with that of the GGG substrate at 810°C. There is a clear variation in the Pb level, which brings about a gradual enhancement of the coercivity and a diminution of the squareness ratio of magnetic hysteresis loops as the growth temperature is reduced. Slight changes in surface roughness, strain condition and content of Pb induce the FMR line width and damping factor to vary on a small scale. The line width is less than 10.17 Oe at 12 GHz and the damping factor is of the order of 10^-4. All these properties demonstrate that these ultra-thin GaAl-YIG films are of benefit for the development of devices operated at lower frequencies and in lower fields.

Application of robotic lower limb orthosis for people with lower limb dysfunction

Due to the aging of the population or diseases, the number of patients with lower limb disorders has increased, causing social concern. Scholars have designed and developed advanced robotic lower limb orthoses, which can guide patients to perform reasonable rehabilitation training with correct limb postures, enhance their daily life participation and quality of life, and help them recover quickly. In recent years, a large number of new and advanced orthopedic equipment have been developed, which require a systematic summary analysis and comparison. This article reviewed typical newly developed, robotic lower limb orthoses and their use effects, as well as the advanced theories and technologies for their applications, and systematically discussed the problems in the research, design, testing, use, and popularization of robotic lower limb orthoses, and predicted their development direction in the future research and design, to enhance the reliability, convenience, and protection functions of orthotic equipment, make its functions closer to life, and give full play to the initiative of patients in the process of rehabilitation training, and reduce costs. Robotic lower limb orthoses is poised for even greater success and development in the future.

Effect of initial foot angle (IFA) on kinematics and dynamics of body during sit-to-stand transfer

Sit-to-stand (STS) is considered the most common functional activities in daily life and the basis for other activities. The elderly and patients with lower limb disorders could not complete the STS motion very well due to limb pain and muscle weakness. Physiotherapist find that specific STS transfer strategies can make patients more easily to complete this task. However, few researchers pay attention to the effect of initial foot angle (IFA) on STS motion. Twenty-six healthy subjects were randomly selected to perform STS transfer experiment. The motion characteristic parameters of subjects under 4 different IFAs (nature, 0°, 15°, and 30°) were obtained, including the percentage of duration in each phase, the velocity of joints, rotation angle and angular velocity of joints (shoulder, hip and knee), center of gravity (COG) trajectory. the change of plantar pressure parameters, and dynamic margin of stability. By comparing the motion characteristic parameters obtained under different IFAs and carrying out statistical analysis, the influence of different IFAs on body kinematics and dynamics during STS task was further explored. The kinematic parameters obtained under different IFAs are significantly different. The percentage of duration in each phase of the STS transfer was different with different IFA, the main differences were in phase I and phase II. The phase I of U15 took 24.5% T, while phase I of N, U0 and U30 took about 20% T, and the maximum difference was (U15-U0) 5.4%. The phase II of U15 took the least time, about 30.8% T. When the IFA is nature (N) and 15°(U15), the trajectories of COG are basically in coincidence; when the IFA is 0°(U0) and 30°(U30), the displacement of COG in anterior-posterior direction is larger. The larger the IFA, the smaller the plantar pressure parameter. When the IFA is 15°, the COG is close to the center of limits of stability, which can provide a better stability. This paper summarizes the influence under 4 different experimental conditions of IFAs on STS transfer, so as to provide a starting point and bases for clinicians to develop rehabilitation training protocols and STS motion strategies for patient.

Peptide ARHGEF9 Inhibits Glioma Progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Background

The most prevalent malignant tumor in a human brain nervous system is called glioma. Peptide is a compound formed by the peptide bond of α-amino acids, and the development of polypeptide drugs has been widely used in many fields. We plan to investigate the underlying peptides with clinical value in glioma.

Method

Based on public databases, we targeted the common genes between glioma differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and peptide genes related to glioma prognosis. Then, these common genes were analyzed by LASSO-Cox analysis, prognostic risk model, and nomogram to identify key prognostic peptide genes and the target gene in this study. Next, the mechanism of target gene in glioma was explored by bioinformatics analysis and functional experiments.

Results

We obtained a total of 26 overlapping genes for the following study. After that, 6 independent prognostic factors (REPIN1, PSD3, RDX, CDK4, FANCI, and ARHGEF9) were obtained and applied to construct the prognostic nomogram, and ARHGEF9 was the target gene in the study. Next, peptide ARHGEF9 was found to inhibit glioma cell development. Through Spearman's correlation analysis, ARHGEF9 had a close relation with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In functional experiments, peptide ARHGEF9 could suppress the protein expressions of p-PIK3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR, while IGF-1 could reverse this effect.

Conclusion

This study identifies 6 new prognostic biomarkers for glioma patients. Among them, peptide ARHGEF9 gene is an inhibitory gene functioning by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

The Association between Dietary Protein Diversity and Protein Patterns with Frailty in Older Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study

OBJECTIVES

Frailty is a pervasive condition among older people worldwide. Despite the association between higher protein intake and lower frailty risk has been well documented, older individuals encounter barriers to enhancing their protein consumption due to reduced appetite and impaired digestive capacity. This study aims to delve into the potential correlation between dietary protein diversity, protein patterns, and the risk of frailty among older Chinese individuals.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Community-based.

PARTICIPANTS

2,216 participants aged 65 and above and not frail at the baseline were recruited from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset spanning from 2014 to 2018.

MEASUREMENTS

Dietary protein diversity was evaluated utilizing a protein diversity score (PDS), calculated based on the results of a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary protein patterns were identified by employing principal component analysis (PCA). Frailty was ascertained using a 40-item frailty index (FI) where FI > 0.21 indicated frailty. Logistic analysis was employed to investigate the association between dietary variables and frailty.

RESULTS

541 participants were identified as frail after a 4-year follow-up. After adjusting for confounders, each 1-unit increase in PDS was linked to a 10% decrease in frailty risk. Compared to individuals with PDS ≤ 1, those with PDS scores of 2-3, 4-5, and 6 had lower risks of frailty, with OR (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.58-1.06), 0.58 (0.38-0.87), 0.42 (0.20-0.81), respectively (P trend = 0.038). Individuals who consistently maintained high PDS demonstrated a lower frailty risk in contrast to those who maintained low PDS (OR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.41-0.87). Additionally, the "meat-fish" pattern exhibited a protective association with frailty, with OR Q4 versus Q1 (95% CI) of 0.54 (0.40-0.74), P trend < 0.001.

CONCLUSION

Maintaining a variety of dietary protein sources and following a "meat-fish" protein pattern might decrease the likelihood of frailty among the older Chinese population.

Association between Elevated Magnesium Intake and Reduced Risk of Recurrent Falls and Frailty in Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this 8-year follow-up study was to investigate the relationship between magnesium intake and frailty, as well as recurrent falls, in individuals diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (OA) or those at a heightened risk for developing the condition.

METHODS

This study utilized data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database and conducted a prospective cohort study with a 8-year follow-up period. Total magnesium intake from both food sources and supplements was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while frailty and recurrent falls were evaluated through established criteria and self-report, respectively. To account for potential confounding factors, various covariates were considered, and statistical analyses, including generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), were employed to examine the associations.

RESULTS

Among the 4,667 participants with OA, those with lower total magnesium intake were characterized by younger age, a higher proportion of African American individuals, higher body mass index (BMI), and lower dietary fiber intake (P<0.001). Notably, this group exhibited higher odds of experiencing recurrent falls and frailty (P = 0.034 and 0.006, respectively). Controlling for various factors, the GAMMs consistently revealed negative correlations between magnesium intake and the likelihood of frailty and recurrent falls, with each 1 mg/1000 kcal increase in magnesium intake associated with a 0.5% reduced frailty risk (p < 0.001) and a 0.2% decreased risk of recurrent falls (p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested that increased total magnesium intake from both food sources and supplements may exert a more pronounced preventive effect on recurrent falls and frailty in men, older adults, individuals with normal BMI, and those with higher dietary fiber intake.

CONCLUSIONS

Elevated total magnesium intake from both food sources and supplements was found to be associated with a decreased risk of recurrent falls and frailty in individuals diagnosed with OA or those at risk of developing the condition. These findings imply that increased total magnesium intake might be beneficial in managing the risk of these outcomes, particularly within specific subgroups, including men, older adults, those with a normal BMI, and those with higher dietary fiber intake.

High SERPINH1 expression predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma

Background

Serpine Protease Inhibitorclade H1 (SERPINH1) is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and is linked to the biological processes of tumorigenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis. SERPINH1 expression and prognosis in malignant tumors, such as gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers, have previously been studied, but the gene has not yet been investigated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in terms of prognosis and the potential mechanisms of action.

Methods

SERPINH1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (NTU) cohort (the LUAD data set) by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Additionally, we performed immunohistochemical staining to analyze the expression of SERPINH1 in LUAD and normal lung tissue. Based on the TCGA database, we analyzed the correlation of this gene with the tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and anti-tumor drugs using the R language-related R package.

Results

SERPINH1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival curves in both the TCGA cohort and the NTU cohort showed that the SERPINH1 low-expression group had a higher survival rate than the high-expression group. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of the SERPINH1 co-expressed genes revealed that the gene was associated with the extracellular matrix and cell proliferation and migration. The analysis of SERPINH1 and the TMB revealed a superior survival advantage for patients with high TMB and high SERPINH1 expression, and worse survival for those with low TMB and high SERPINH1 expression. The analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune infiltration revealed that the high and low expression of SERPINH1 was associated with different immune infiltration characteristics. The analysis of the immune checkpoints and anti-tumor drugs showed that immunotherapy and anti-neoplastic treatment were more efficacious in the high SERPINH1 expression group than the low SERPINH1 expression group.

Conclusions

Using LUAD tissues and clinical samples, we showed that SERPINH1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for LUAD. Our findings provide a new approach and strategy for the clinical treatment of LUAD patients.

Influence of handrail height and knee joint support on sit-to-stand movement

Handrail height and knee joint support both significantly influence sit-to-stand (STS) movement. However, research on the associations between handrail height, knee joint support, and their cumulative effect on STS kinematics and changes in plantar pressure distribution during STS under different handrail heights and knee joint support is still unclear. The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of handrail height and knee joint support on the kinematics and the distribution of plantar pressure in healthy adults during STS. Twenty-six healthy adult subjects aged 23 to 58 years participated in this experiment. The subjects carried out STS movement experiments under 7 conditions: 6 experimental conditions of 3 different heights of handrail, with and without knee joint support, and 1 control condition of standing up naturally. The motions of the markers were recorded using cameras operating at 60 Hz, and total movement time, the percentage of movement time of each phase, trunk tilt angle, joint angle, plantar pressure, and the time from hindfoot to forefoot peak pressure were analyzed and compared. Handrail height significantly influences the percentage of movement time at phase I (P = .015) and the maximum trunk tilt angle (P < .05), knee joint support significantly influences the maximum trunk tilt angle and ankle angle (P = .033), and handrail height and knee joint support have an interaction on the time from hindfoot to forefoot peak pressure (P < .001). Subjects' STS performance was improved with the use of assistant devices but showed particular improvement under the condition of with knee joint support when the handrail height was middle handrail.

Impact of simulating real microplastics on toluene removal from contaminated soil using thermally enhanced air injection

This paper investigated the impacts of various real microplastics (MPs), i.e., polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with different sizes (1000-2000 and 100-200 μm) and different dosages (0.5 and 5% on a dry weight basis), on the toluene removal during the thermally enhanced air injection treatment. First, microscopic tests were carried out to determine the MPs' microstructure and behavior. The PE was mainly a small block, and PET appeared filamentous and sheeted with a larger slenderness ratio. Second, the interactions between MPs and toluene-contaminated soils were revealed by batch adsorption equilibrium experiments and low-field magnetic resonance. The morphological differences and dosage of the MPs impacted soils' total porosity (variation range: 39.2-42.7%) and proportion of the main pores (2-200 μm). Third, the toluene removal during the air injection consisted of compaction, rapid growth, rapid reduction, and tailing stages, and the MPs were regarded as an emerging solid state to affect these removal stages. The final cumulative toluene concentrations of soil-PET mixtures were influenced by total porosity, and those of soil-PE mixtures were controlled by total porosity (influence weight: 0.67) and adsorption capacity (influence weight: 0.33); meanwhile, a self-built comprehensive coefficient of MPs can reflect the relationship between them and cumulative concentrations (correlation coefficient: 0.783).

Boosting the Cannabidiol Production in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Harnessing the Vacuolar Transporter BPT1

Cannabidiol (CBD), the main nonpsychoactive cannabinoid in Cannabis sativa, has diverse applications in the pharmacological, food, and cosmetic industries. The long plantation period and the complex chemical structure of cannabidiol pose a great challenge on CBD supply. Here, we achieved de novo biosynthesis of cannabidiol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The CBD production was further enhanced by 2.53-fold through pushing the supply of precursors and fusion protein construction. Bile pigment transporter 1 (BPT1) was the most effective transporter for transferring cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) from the cytoplasm to the vacuole, which removed the physical barrier separating CBGA and its catalytic enzyme. The lowest binding energy of the CBGA-BPT1 complex confirmed a strong interaction between BPT1 and CBGA. A CBD yield of 6.92 mg/L was achieved, which was 100-fold higher than the yield generated by the starting strain. This study provides insights into high-level CBD-producing strain construction and lays the foundation for CBD supply.

Recycling of phosphogypsum and red mud in low carbon and green cementitious materials for vertical barrier

MgO activated slag and bentonite (MASB) slurry is a new and promising vertical barrier material along with excellent performances. Some solid wastes, such as phosphogypsum (PG), red mud (RM), fly ash and so on, show a positive effect on the performances of alkali activated slag. However, few studies focus on the recycling of these solid wastes in the system of MgO activated slag. The purpose of this paper is to study the incorporation of phosphogypsum and red mud on the mechanical property, permeability and hydration process of MASB slurry. The results showed that the addition of PG could significantly improve the mechanical strength and anti-permeability of the MASB slurry at early age (7 days), where the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased from 793.1 kPa to 1395.7 kPa and the permeability coefficient declined from 16.1 × 10^-7 cm/s to 1.7 × 10^-7 cm/s. In contrast, the introduction of RM had some negative effects on its macroscopic properties, resulting the UCS decreased to 580.4 kPa and the permeability coefficient rose to 25.9 × 10^-7 cm/s at 7 days. The ettringite formed in the PG blended MASB slurry led to a notable increase in the absolute solid volume, which could satisfactorily fill the pores and block the pore channels. The combined addition of RM and PG had a synergistic effect on the promotion of hydration process and optimization of the pore structure, contributing to establish a low permeability and high mechanical strength matrix. The overall findings indicate that the use of solid wastes in the MASB slurry can not only improve its engineering properties, but also promotes its sustainability and economical efficiency, holding a great potential for popularization and application.