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Bhattacharjee S, Elancheran R, Dutta K, Deb PK, Devi R. Cardioprotective potential of the antioxidant-rich bioactive fraction of Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009023. [PMID: 36267270 PMCID: PMC9577557 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This Study aimed to characterise the phenolic compounds in Garcinia pedunculata extract and assess their potential antioxidant activity as well as its cardioprotective potential in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in an experimental animal model. In vitro antioxidant properties were determined using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PMD assays. In vitro lipid peroxidation experiment was also performed with heart tissues. Cardioprotective and cardiotoxicity effects were determined using the cell line studies. The cardioprotective effect of GP was assessed in a rat model of isoproterenol-(ISO-) induced cardiac hypertrophy by subcutaneous administration. Heart weight/tail length ratio and cardiac hypertrophy indicators were reduced after oral administration of GP. Additionally, GP reduced oxidative stress and heart inflammation brought on by ISO. In H9c2 cells, the antihypertrophic and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of GP were seen in the presence of ISO, which were further supported by the in vivo observations. This study makes a compelling case for the possibility that supplementing with dried GP fruit can prevent heart hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Bhattacharjee
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - R. Elancheran
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, TamilNadu, India
- *Correspondence: R. Elancheran, ; Rajlakshmi Devi,
| | - Kasturi Dutta
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
- *Correspondence: R. Elancheran, ; Rajlakshmi Devi,
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Ahangar AA, Elancheran R, Dar AA. Influence of halogen substitution on crystal packing, molecular properties and electrochemical sensing. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vanitha U, Elancheran R, Manikandan V, Kabilan S, Krishnasamy K. Design, synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and computational studies of 3-phenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maruthanila VL, Elancheran R, Mirunalini S. Carica papaya leaves and cancer prevention: An overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 21:3097-3112. [PMID: 32781958 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200811102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carica papaya is an essential medicinal plant having anticancer activities through diverse mechanisms and is not so far thoroughly investigated. In this review, we have summarized the systematic research outputs of different parts of the papaya plant extracts and elaborated the role of its phytochemicals, anticancer activities, therapeutic targets and mechanisms. Several phenolic compounds have been identified from this plant. Of these, Caffeic acid, Quinic acid and Chlorogenic acid show significant properties and act as principal bioactive phytoconstituents among others. We have explored the nutraceutical and functional aspects of Caffeic acid, Quinic acid and Chlorogenic acid along with the new understanding of the mechanism and its action in diverse cancer models. Also, we have highlighted its bioavailability, natural food additive properties and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Maruthanila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram-608 002, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - R Elancheran
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - S Mirunalini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram-608 002, Tamil Nadu. India
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Arjun HA, Anil Kumar GN, Elancheran R, Kabilan S. Crystal structure, DFT and Hirshfeld surface analysis of ( E)- N'-[(1-chloro-3,4-di-hydro-naph-thal-en-2-yl)methyl-idene]benzohydrazide monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:132-136. [PMID: 32071734 PMCID: PMC7001828 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019017183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C18H15ClN2O·H2O, a benzohydrazide derivative, the dihedral angle between the mean plane of the di-hydro-naphthalene ring system and the phenyl ring is 17.1 (2)°. In the crystal, O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the benzohydrazide and water mol-ecules, forming a layer parallel to the bc plane. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots indicate that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯H (45.7%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (20.2%) contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Arjun
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. N. Anil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - R. Elancheran
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Kabilan
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumari S, Elancheran R, Devi R. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, antityrosinase, and antigenotoxic potential of Amaranthus viridis extract. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 50:130-138. [PMID: 30166750 PMCID: PMC6106121 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_77_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Amaranthus viridis (Amaranthaceae) widely distributed all over the world, growing under a wide range of climatic conditions and has been utilized as a medicinal herb in traditional Ayurvedic medicine as antipyretic agents, also for the treatment of inflammation, ulcer, diabetic, asthma and hyperlipidemia. The aim of the study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant and biological properties of different fractions obtained from A. viridis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different extracts of A. viridis were prepared using aqueous, methanol, chloroform, and hexane and investigated their antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging activities such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, as well as metal chelating activity. In addition, antityrosinase and antigenotoxicity properties were also evaluated by the standard in vitro methods. Finally, the active methanolic extract (ME) was investigated for identifying the phenolic compounds using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS: In the present study, chlorogenic acid, gulonic acid, and kaempferol were found to be the major components responsible for the antioxidant activity of A. viridis extract as evidenced from UPLC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the ME of A. viridis revealed excellent antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50= 47.23 ± 0.66 μg/mL), NO radical scavenging activity (IC50= 64.33 ± 2.01 μg/mL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging activity (IC50= 33.21 ± 3.3 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50= 47.61 ± 1.31 μg/mL), metal chelating activity (IC50= 32.1 ± 1.11 μg/mL), as well as lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity (IC50= 112 ± 1.21 μg/mL). Furthermore, ME revealed that the protective effects of extract were observed on H2O2-induced DNA damages with alkaline comet assay. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the study concluded that the promising antioxidant capacities of A. viridis extract can further be utilized in various agricultural, pharmaceutical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kumari
- Division of Life Sciences, Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - R Elancheran
- Division of Life Sciences, Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Division of Life Sciences, Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Maruthanila V, Elancheran R, Roy NK, Bhattacharya A, Kunnumakkara AB, Kabilan S, Kotoky J. In silico Molecular Modelling of Selected Natural Ligands and their Binding Features with Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2018; 15:89-96. [DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181008165356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed among women. It
is now recognized that two receptors mediate estrogen action and the presence of estrogen receptor alpha
(ERα) correlates with better prognosis and the likelihood of response to hormonal therapy. ERα is
an attractive target for the treatment of breast cancer. Most of the drugs currently used for the breast
cancer treatment have numerous side effects and they are often unsuccessful in removing the tumour
completely. Hence, we focused on natural compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, etc. which do not
exhibit any high toxic effects against normal cells.
</P><P>
Objectives: To identify the potential natural inhibitors for BCa through an optimised in silico approach.
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Methods: Structural modification and molecular docking-based screening approaches were imposed to
identify the novel natural compounds by using Schrödinger (Maestro 9.5). The Qikprop v3.5 was used
for the evaluation of important ADME parameters and its permissible ranges. Cytotoxicity of the
compounds was evaluated by MTT assay against MCF-7 Cell lines.
Results:
From the docking studies, we found that the compounds, Myricetin, Quercetin, Apigenin,
Luteolin and Baicalein showed the highest Glide Scores -10.78, -9.48, -8.92, -8.87 and -8.82 kcal mol-1
respectively. Of these, Luteolin and Baicalein showed the significant IC50 values (25 ± 4.0 and 58.3 ±
4.4 µM, respectively) against MCF-7 cell line. The ADME profiling of the test compounds was evaluated
to find the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic parameters.
We mainly focused on in silico study to dock the compounds into the human estrogen receptor
ligand binding domain (hERLBD) and compare their predicted binding affinity with known antiestrogens.
Myricetin, Quercetin, Apigenin, Luteolin and Baicalein were identified as the most promising
among all. Of these, Luteolin and Baicalein showed significant anticancer activities against MCF-7 cell
line. These findings may provide basic information for the development of anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.L. Maruthanila
- Department of Biotechnology, A.V.C. College, Mannampandal-609305, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Elancheran
- Drug Discovery Lab, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| | - Nand Kishor Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Anupam Bhattacharya
- Bioinformatics Center, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati- 781035, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - S. Kabilan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram- 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery Lab, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
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Choudhury B, Kandimalla R, Elancheran R, Bharali R, Kotoky J. Garcinia morella fruit, a promising source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents induces breast cancer cell death via triggering apoptotic pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:562-573. [PMID: 29677543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid rise in cancer cases worldwide, especially breast cancer in females, instigates the need for more effective and less side effect causing drugs from natural origin. Thereby, in the present study, Garcinia morella fruit was investigated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-breast cancer activity. Preliminary antioxidant and anticancer evaluation of different fractions and crude methanol extract of G. morella fruit suggested chloroform fraction as the bioactive fraction. Time course analysis (by 24 h, 48 h and 72 h) of the bioactive fraction (1.56-25) μg/ml treatment on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDAMB231 and SKBR3) showed dose and time dependent antiproliferative responses. Further, mechanistic studies involving morphological observation and western blotting analysis, revealed its apoptosis inducing effect on breast cancer. P53 dependent up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl XL is suggested as the possible pathway of apoptosis followed by MCF7 cells on exposure to the bioactive fraction. The anti-inflammatory assays revealed that it significantly lowered the release of nitrite and TNF-α level of LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, pre treatment of Carrageenan induced paw edema animals with 20 mg/kg of the bioactive fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited paw inflammation and controlled the cytokine and nitrite levels of the edema induced rat. Its main bioactive component was identified to be Garcinol by UHPLC and ESI-MS/MS. Thereby, this study clearly reflects that G. morella fruit is a valuable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory gift of nature with the potential to be used against breast cancer. This is also the first report of isolation of bioactive compound Garcinol from G. morella fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Choudhury
- Drug Discovery lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- Drug Discovery lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - R Elancheran
- Drug Discovery lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rupjyoti Bharali
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Barua C, Saikia B, Ren X, Elancheran R, Pathak D, Tamuli S, Barua A. Zanthoxylum alatum attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice hippocampus. Pharmacogn Mag 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_606_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Divakar S, Saravanan K, Karthikeyan P, Elancheran R, Kabilan S, Balasubramanian KK, Devi R, Kotoky J, Ramanathan M. Iminoenamine based novel androgen receptor antagonist exhibited anti-prostate cancer activity in androgen independent prostate cancer cells through inhibition of AKT pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:22-34. [PMID: 28757136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment by androgen receptor (AR) antagonists is one of the regimens for prostate cancer. The prolonged treatment with AR antagonist leads to the expression of point mutation in the ligand binding domain of the AR. This point mutation causes resistance to AR antagonist by converting them into an agonist. The T887A mutated AR was frequently expressed in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) patients. Through literature survey and molecular modelling, we have identified a novel AR antagonist having a bulky β-iminoenamine BF2 complex scaffold. The tested and standard ligands were screened in AR positive (LNCaP, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453), AR negative (PC3), and non-cancerous (3T3) cell lines through anti-proliferation assay. The ligand, ARA3 was the most potent molecule among all the tested ligands and was 7.6 folds selective for AR positive cell lines. The mechanism of anti-prostate cancer activity of ARA3 was confirmed by western blot, qPCR, and apoptotic assays in LNCaP (T887A positive AR) cells. Structural activity relationship was derived by correlating the in-vitro and in-silico data. Consequently, we have identified the essential functional groups that could prevent the resistance concerning mutant AR. The ARA3 induces the apoptosis in AIPC cells by preventing the AR mediated activation of AKT pathway. The bicalutamide did not induce the apoptosis because it failed to prevent the AR mediated activation of AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Divakar
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Karthikeyan
- Shasun Research Centre, Kellakottaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Elancheran
- Department of Chemistry, IASST, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - S Kabilan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - J Kotoky
- Department of Chemistry, IASST, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - M Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Saravanan K, Elancheran R, Divakar S, Anand SAA, Ramanathan M, Kotoky J, Lokanath N, Kabilan S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl) isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives as anti-prostate cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1199-1204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maruthanila VL, Elancheran R, Kunnumakkara AB, Kabilan S, Kotoky J. Recent development of targeted approaches for the treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2016; 24:191-219. [PMID: 27796923 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prominent cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The highlights of this review are to provide an overview of the targeted therapeutic agents, challenges with metastatic breast cancer (MBCa), mechanisms of action through Hedgehog/Gli 1 signaling pathway and future prospective. Over a decade of success, several drugs have been approved and are in the advanced stages of clinical trials that target the receptors such as estrogen receptor, growth factor receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, etc. Currently, several monoclonal antibodies are also used for the treatment of breast cancer. Advances in understanding tumor biology, particularly signaling pathways such as Notch signaling pathway, Hedgehog/Gli 1 signaling pathway, and inhibitors are considered to be important for bone metastasis. These studies may provide vital information for the design and development of new strategies with respect to efficacy, reduction of the side effects, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Maruthanila
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - R Elancheran
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - A B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - S Kabilan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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Kumari S, Deori M, Elancheran R, Kotoky J, Devi R. In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant, Anti-hyperlipidemic Properties and Chemical Characterization of Centella asiatica (L.) Extract. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:400. [PMID: 27840607 PMCID: PMC5083837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the phenolic compounds present in Centella asiatica (L.) (C. asiatica) extract and evaluate the respective antioxidant potential as well as its cholesterol-lowering effects in the experimental animal model. Herein, the antioxidant potential of extracts was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity such as 2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl as well as reducing capability. The anti-hyperlipidemic effects of C. asiatica extract (CAE) were evaluated in high cholesterol-fed (HCF) rats for 4 weeks, where different concentrations of extracts (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg/day) were orally administrated daily. Lipid and antioxidant profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the indices of hepatic functions were also examined. C. asiatica revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity as revealed by 2-2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with the IC50 values (9.62 ± 0.88 μg/mL). Furthermore, C. asiatica extracts and fenofibrate remarkably lowered the level of TC, TG, LDL-C, and showed elevated levels of HDL-C, SOD. The histopathological observations further demonstrated clear differentiation and structural changes in liver of HCF and CAE treated group. Furthermore, gulonic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, and asiatic acid were identified to be the major components which might be responsible for the antioxidant activity of the C. asiatica extract as evidenced from an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Taken together, these results signifies the excellent antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of C. asiatica leaf extracts, which might be useful for the treatment of oxidative-stress related diseases such as hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kumari
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Meetali Deori
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - R. Elancheran
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
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Abstract
The title isoindole, C18H8N3O2S, crystallizes with two independent molecules (AandB) in the asymmetric unit whose geometrical features are similar. The benzonitrile ring is oriented at an angle of 2.1 (1)° (moleculeA) and 16.0 (1)° (moleculeB), with respect to the isoindole ring system. In the crystal,Amolecules are linkedviaC—H...N hydrogen bonds, formingC(15) chains propagating along along thecaxis.Bmolecules are linkedviaC—H...O interactions, forming dimers with anR22(10) graph-set motif. C—H...O and C—H...N interactions, charcterized byR22(15) andR21(7) motifs, are observed between moleculesAandB.
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Abstract
The title acetamide, C11H9ClN2OS, crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit whose geometrical features are similar. The phenyl ring is oriented at angles of 2.5 (1) and 6.2 (1)° with respect to the thiazole ring in the two molecules. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaC—H...N hydrogen bonds which formC(10) chains along the [-100] direction. The chains are linked by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, formingC(8) chains along the [100] direction.
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Elancheran R, Saravanan K, Choudhury B, Divakar S, Kabilan S, Ramanathan M, Das B, Devi R, Kotoky J. Design and development of oxobenzimidazoles as novel androgen receptor antagonists. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Elancheran R, Maruthanila VL, Ramanathan M, Kabilan S, Devi R, Kunnumakara A, Kotoky J. Recent discoveries and developments of androgen receptor based therapy for prostate cancer. Med Chem Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to discuss the discoveries and developments of various therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Elancheran
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Life Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| | - V. L. Maruthanila
- Department of Bioscience
- E. G. S. Pillai Arts and Science College
- India
| | - M. Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology
- PSG College of Pharmacy
- Coimbatore-641 004
- India
| | - S. Kabilan
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - R. Devi
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Life Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| | - A. Kunnumakara
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Guwahti
- India
| | - Jibon Kotoky
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Life Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| |
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