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Kanakachari M, Chatterjee RN, Reddy MR, Dange M, Bhattacharya TK. Indian Red Jungle fowl reveals a genetic relationship with South East Asian Red Jungle fowl and Indian native chicken breeds as evidenced through whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Front Genet 2023; 14:1083976. [PMID: 37621706 PMCID: PMC10445952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1083976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Native chickens are dispersed in a wide geographical range and have hereditary assets that are kept by farmers for various purposes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a widely utilized marker in molecular studies because of its quick advancement, matrilineal legacy, and simple molecular structure. Method and Results: We performed NGS sequencing to investigate mitochondrial genomes and to evaluate the hereditary connections, diversity, and measure of gene stream estimation in Indian native chicken breeds and Red Jungle fowl. The chicken breeds were genotyped using the D-loop region and 23 haplotypes were identified. When compared to Indian native breeds, more haplotypes were identified in the NADH dehydrogenase subunits, Cytochrome c oxidase, Cytochrome b, ATP synthase subunit 6, and Ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic examination indicated that the analyzed chicken breeds were divided into six significant clades, namely A, B, C, D, E, and F, of which the F clade indicated the domestication of chicken breeds in India. Additionally, our work affirmed that the Indian Red Jungle Fowl is the origin for both reference Red Jungle Fowl as well as all Indian breeds, which is reflected in the dendrogram as well as network analysis based on the whole mtDNA and D-loop region. Indian Red Jungle Fowl is distributed as an outgroup, suggesting that this ancestry was reciprocally monophyletic. Conclusion: The mtDNA sequences of Indian native chickens provided novel insights into adaptation mechanisms and the significance of important mtDNA variations in understanding the maternal lineages of native birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kanakachari
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - M. R. Reddy
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - M. Dange
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
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Kanakachari M, Ashwini R, Chatterjee RN, Bhattacharya TK. Embryonic transcriptome unravels mechanisms and pathways underlying embryonic development with respect to muscle growth, egg production, and plumage formation in native and broiler chickens. Front Genet 2022; 13:990849. [PMID: 36313432 PMCID: PMC9616467 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Muscle development, egg production, and plumage colors are different between native and broiler chickens. The study was designed to investigate why improved Aseel (PD4) is colorful, stronger, and grew slowly compared with the control broiler (CB). Methods: A microarray was conducted using the 7th-day embryo (7EB) and 18th-day thigh muscle (18TM) of improved Aseel and broiler, respectively. Also, we have selected 24 Gallus gallus candidate reference genes from NCBI, and total RNA was isolated from the broiler, improved Aseel embryo tissues, and their expression profiles were studied by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Furthermore, microarray data were validated with qPCR using improved Aseel and broiler embryo tissues. Results: In the differential transcripts screening, all the transcripts obtained by microarray of slow and fast growth groups were screened by fold change ≥ 1 and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. In total, 8,069 transcripts were differentially expressed between the 7EB and 18TM of PD4 compared to the CB. A further analysis showed that a high number of transcripts are differentially regulated in the 7EB of PD4 (6,896) and fewer transcripts are differentially regulated (1,173) in the 18TM of PD4 compared to the CB. On the 7th- and 18th-day PD4 embryos, 3,890, 3,006, 745, and 428 transcripts were up- and downregulated, respectively. The commonly up- and downregulated transcripts are 91 and 44 between the 7th- and 18th-day of embryos. In addition, the best housekeeping gene was identified. Furthermore, we validated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to muscle growth, myostatin signaling and development, and fatty acid metabolism genes in PD4 and CB embryo tissues by qPCR, and the results correlated with microarray expression data. Conclusion: Our study identified DEGs that regulate the myostatin signaling and differentiation pathway; glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; fatty acid metabolism; Jak-STAT, mTOR, and TGF-β signaling pathways; tryptophan metabolism; and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in PD4. The results revealed that the gene expression architecture is present in the improved Aseel exhibiting embryo growth that will help improve muscle development, differentiation, egg production, protein synthesis, and plumage formation in PD4 native chickens. Our findings may be used as a model for improving the growth in Aseel as well as optimizing the growth in the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kanakachari
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - R. Ashwini
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - T. K. Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: T. K. Bhattacharya,
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Prasad AR, Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Divya D, Bhanja SK, Shanmugam M, Sagar NG. Silencing acetyl-CoA carboxylase A and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 genes through RNAi reduce serum and egg cholesterol in chicken. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1191. [PMID: 35075178 PMCID: PMC8786841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is synthesized in chicken through de novo lipid biosynthetic pathway where two most important genes viz. SREBP1 and ACACA play immense role. To minimize cholesterol synthesis, RNAi approach was adopted and accordingly, we developed transgenic chicken possessing ACACA and SREBP1 shRNA constructs, which showed lower level of ACACA and SREBP1 in serum. The serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol was significantly lower by 23.8, 35.6, 26.6 and 20.9%, respectively in SREBP1 transgenic birds compared to the control. The egg total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol content was numerically lower in both ACACA and SREBP1 transgenic birds by 14.3 and 13.2%, and 10.4 and 13.7%, respectively compared to the control. It is concluded that the protocol was perfected to develop transgenic chicken through RNAi for knocking down the expression of ACACA and SREBP1 proteins, which minimized the cholesterol and triglycerides contents in serum and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T K Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
| | - R N Chatterjee
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - D Divya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - S K Bhanja
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Shanmugam
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - N G Sagar
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
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Kanakachari M, Rahman H, Chatterjee RN, Bhattacharya TK. Signature of Indian native chicken breeds: a perspective. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2026201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Rahman
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Unit, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Kanaka KK, Chatterjee RN, Kumar P, Bhushan B, Divya D, Bhattacharya TK. Cloning, characterisation and expression of the SERPINB14 gene, and association of promoter polymorphisms with egg quality traits in layer chicken. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:783-794. [PMID: 34047227 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1934400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Ovalbumin (SERPINB14) is the most abundant protein present in egg white contributing about 54% of the total egg protein. In this study, the objectives were to clone and characterise the coding sequence of the SERPINB14 gene, to explore its expression profile, identify polymorphisms in the promoter of the gene and explore any association with egg quality traits in White Leghorn chickens.2. SNPs and mRNA expression of SERPINB14 in White Leghorn chicken lines were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) along with sequencing and qPCR. The open reading frame (ORF) was cloned in an expression plasmid vector and sequenced.3. The ORF of this gene was 1161 bp encoding a peptide of 386 amino acids. There were three SNPs observed in the coding region of the gene, one of which was of the mis-sense type, having c562G>A transition which resulted in substitution of alanine to threonine at position 188 in the protein sequence. In both the lines, an increase in expression of the gene was observed after onset of egg production with peak expression at the 40th week of age compared to before onset of lay. The SERPINB14 gene was expressed in the magnum, but not in ovary and infundibulum, tissues of each White Leghorn line. The promoter region of the gene showed SNPs with three haplotypes; H1, H2, and H3. The haplo groups were associated with the egg weight and age at sexual maturity in the IWI line and Haugh unit and albumin index in the IWK line.4. It was concluded that the ORF of SERPINB14 gene in White Leghorn chicken lines is polymorphic. The promoter region of the gene is also polymorphic and has significant (P < 0.05) association with Haugh unit and egg weight in IWK and IWI chicken lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kanaka
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- Molecular Genetics Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - P Kumar
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D Divya
- Molecular Genetics Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
| | - T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, India
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Rajkumar U, Prince LLL, Rajaravindra KS, Haunshi S, Niranjan M, Chatterjee RN. Analysis of (co) variance components and estimation of breeding value of growth and production traits in Dahlem Red chicken using pedigree relationship in an animal model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247779. [PMID: 33657155 PMCID: PMC7928508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Variance and covariance components of growth and production traits were analyzed employing REML animal model to assess the Dahlem Red (PD-3) chicken population for direct additive genetic, maternal effects and to estimate the estimated breeding value (EBV), genetic parameters, genetic trends and rate of inbreeding (ΔF) utilizing seven generation’s data. The generation and hatch had significant (P≤0.01) effect on the body weight at 0 day (BW0), 2 (BW2), 4 (BW4) and 6 weeks (BW6) and shank length at six weeks of age (SL6). The average least squares means (LSM) for BW6 and SL6 were 273.93±0.62 g and 53.97±0.05 mm, respectively. All the production traits were significantly (P≤0.01) influenced by generation and hatch. The average LSM for age at sexual maturity (ASM), egg production up to 40 weeks (EP40) and egg mass up to 40 weeks (EM40) were 168.82±0.25 d, 72.60±0.41 eggs and 4.21±0.07 kg, respectively. Model 5 with additive direct, maternal genetic, maternal permanent environmental and residual variance components was the best for BW0, BW2 and BW4 based on the AIC values obtained in WOMBAT. Model 4 was the best model for BW6, SL6, ASM, EP40 and EM40 with additive direct, maternal permanent environmental and residual variance components. Maternal effects were higher during early age, decreased with age, and remained present until 20 weeks of age. The heritability (h2) estimates were low to moderate in magnitude for all the growth traits and ranged from 0.02±0.03 to 0.19±0.03. The maternal heritability was high at hatch (0.35±0.06), decreased gradually until 4th week (0.02±0.01) and ceased afterwards. The heritabilities of EP40 (0.11±0.03) and EM40 (0.12±0.04) were low. The direct additive genetic correlations (ra) between BW2, BW4, BW6 and SL6 were high and positive (P≤ 0.05). The additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental correlation between EP40 and EM40 were high and positive (P≤ 0.05). The EBV of EM40 was significant (P≤ 0.05) with 0.48 kg/generation in PD-3 chicken at the end of the seventh generation. The EBV of EP40 showed an increasing trend with a genetic gain of 1.87 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient of the population was 0.019 and average ΔF was 0.007 over the last seven generations of selection. The EBV trends for primary and associated traits showed linear trends in the desired direction and negligible inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Rajkumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- * E-mail:
| | - L. Leslie Leo Prince
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K. S. Rajaravindra
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S. Haunshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M. Niranjan
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R. N. Chatterjee
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Dushyanth K, Shukla R, Chatterjee RN, Bhattacharya TK. Expression and polymorphism of Follistatin ( FST) gene and its association with growth traits in native and exotic chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:824-834. [PMID: 33170076 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1838917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST), a member of the transforming growth factor beta super-family regulates body growth by inhibiting the binding of myostatin (an inhibitor of growth) with its receptor in chicken. An experiment was conducted to explore ontogenic expression of the follistatin gene, determine polymorphism at the coding region of the gene and estimate its effect on growth traits in native (Aseel) and exotic broiler (PD-1) and layer (White Leghorn) chicken. The significant differences of FST gene expression were observed among the breeds revealing significantly (p < 0.05) higher expression in PD-1 line followed by White Leghorn and Aseel breeds during both embryonic and post-hatch period. The polymorphism at the functional domain of the FST gene was identified with the presence of 4 haplotypes. The follistatin haplogroups had the significant effect on body weights (p < 0.05) at 42 days of age in the White Leghorn, PD-1 and Aseel breeds (h1h1 in PD-1, h1h4 in White Leghorn and h1h2 haplogroups in Aseel breeds had the highest body weights of 770.04 ± 12.96, 246.28 ± 7.60 and 270.00 ± 10.68 g, respectively). It is concluded that the follistatin gene expressed differently during the embryonic and post-embryonic period across the breeds and the coding region of the gene was polymorphic having significant effects on growth traits in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dushyanth
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - R Shukla
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
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Prince LLL, Rajaravindra KS, Rajkumar U, Reddy BLN, Paswan C, Haunshi S, Chatterjee RN. Genetic analysis of growth and egg production traits in synthetic colored broiler female line using animal model. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3153-3163. [PMID: 32617799 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Variance and genetic parameters were estimated for growth and production traits of synthetic broiler female line (PB-2) using REML animal model to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits. The overall least squares mean (LSM) for body weights at 0 day (BW0), at 2 weeks (BW2), at 4 weeks (BW4), at 5 weeks (BW5), shank length at 5 weeks (SL5), and breast angle at 5 weeks (BA5) of age were 40.03 g, 207.40 g, 589.58 g, 828.51 g, 76.89 cm, and 80.78°, respectively. The overall LSM for egg production up to 40 weeks of age (EP40) and egg weight at 40 weeks (EW40) were 66.02 eggs and 58.23 g, respectively. The heritability estimates using the best model for BW0, BW2, BW4, BW5, SL5, and BA5 were 0.06 ± 0.03, 0.19 ± 0.03, 0.15 ± 0.03, 0.14 ± 0.02, 0.08 ± 0.02, and 0.02 ± 0.01, respectively. The heritability estimates were low to moderate in the magnitude for all early growth traits. The heritability estimate for egg production up to 40 weeks (EP40) was 0.30 ± 0.05. The heritability estimates for adult body weights at 20 and 40 weeks of age (BW 20 and BW 40), age at sexual maturity (ASM), and egg weight at 40 weeks (EW40) were 0.21 ± 0.04, 0.19 ± 0.04, 0.16 ± 0.03, and 0.33 ± 0.05, respectively, and the estimates were moderate to high in magnitude. Model 4 with additive, maternal permanent environmental, residual, and phenotypic effects was the best model for growth traits except for BW0 and BA5. The average genetic gain observed in primary trait (BW5) over the five generations was 13.62 g per each generation indicating effective selection. The animal model minimized the overestimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leslie Leo Prince
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India.
| | - K S Rajaravindra
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - U Rajkumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - B L N Reddy
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - C Paswan
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - S Haunshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
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Bhattacharya TK, Shukla R, Chatterjee RN, Bhanja SK. Comparative analysis of silencing expression of myostatin (MSTN) and its two receptors (ACVR2A and ACVR2B) genes affecting growth traits in knock down chicken. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7789. [PMID: 31127166 PMCID: PMC6534594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a growth differentiation factor-8 regulates muscular development through its receptors, ACVR2A (Activin receptor type IIA) and ACVR2B (Activin receptor type IIB) by inhibiting cellular differentiation of developing somites during embryonic stage and diminishing myofibriller growth during post-embryonic period. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of knockdown of expression of myostatin, ACVR2A and ACVR2B genes on growth traits in chicken. The shRNAs for Myostatin, ACVR2A and ACVR2B genes were designed, synthesized and cloned in DEST vector. The recombinant molecules were transfected into the spermatozoa and transfected spermatozoa were inseminated artificially to the hens to obtain fertile eggs. The fertile eggs were collected, incubated in the incubator and hatched to chicks. Silencing of ACVR2B gene showed significantly higher body weight than other single, double and triple knock down of genes in transgenic birds. The carcass traits such as dressing%, leg muscle%, and breast muscle% were found with the highest magnitudes in birds with silencing of the ACVR2B gene as compared to the birds with that of other genes and control group. The lowest serum cholesterol and HDL content was found in ACVR2B silencing birds. The total RBC count was the highest in this group though the differential counts did not differ significantly among various silencing and control groups of birds. It is concluded that silencing of only one receptor of MSTN particularly, ACVR2B may augment the highest growth in chicken during juvenile stage. Our findings may be used as model for improving growth in other food animals and repairing muscular degenerative disorders in human and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Renu Shukla
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - S K Bhanja
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
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Guru Vishnu P, Bhattacharya TK, Bhushan B, Kumar P, Chatterjee RN, Paswan C, Dushyanth K, Divya D, Prasad AR. In silico prediction of short hairpin RNA and in vitro silencing of activin receptor type IIB in chicken embryo fibroblasts by RNA interference. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2947-2959. [PMID: 30879273 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing by RNA interference is extensively used reverse genetic approach to analyse the implications of any gene in mammalian systems. The silencing of the Activin type IIB receptor belonging to transforming growth factor beta superfamily has demonstrated increase in muscle growth in many species. We designed five short hairpin RNA constructs targeting coding region of chicken ACTRIIB. All the shRNAs were transfected into chicken embryo fibroblast cells and evaluated their silencing efficiency by real time PCR and western blotting. Initially the computational analysis of target region and shRNA constructs was undertaken to predict sequence based features (secondary structures, GC% and H-b index) and thermodynamic features (ΔGoverall, ΔGduplex, ΔGbreak-target, ΔGintra-oligomer, ΔGinter-oligomer and ΔΔGends). We determined that all these predicted features were associated with shRNA efficacy. The invitro analysis of shRNA constructs exhibited significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the levels of ACTRIIB at mRNA and protein level. The knock down efficiency of shRNAs varied significantly (P < 0.001) from 83% (shRNA 1) to 43% (shRNA 5). All the shRNAs up regulated the myogenic pathway associated genes (MyoD and MyoG) significantly (P < 0.05). There was significant (P < 0.05) up-regulation of IFNA, IFNB and MHCII transcripts. The ACTRIIB expression was inversely associated with the expression of myogenic pathway and immune response genes. The anti ACTRIIB shRNA construct 1 and 3 exhibited maximum knock down efficiency with minimal interferon response, and can be used for generating ACTRIIB knockdown chicken with higher muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guru Vishnu
- Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupathi, A.P., India.
| | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | | | | | - K Dushyanth
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - D Divya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Rajendra Prasad
- Division of Animal Genetics & Breeding, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Dange M, Bhanja SK. Polymorphisms in GnRHI and GnRHII genes and their association with egg production and egg quality traits in chicken. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:187-194. [PMID: 30686025 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1575505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1. Two candidate genes, namely, Gonadotropin releasing hormone I (GnRHI) and Gonadotropin releasing hormone II (GnRHII) play pivotal roles in ovulation and egg production in chicken. The objective of this study was to explore polymorphism in these genes and to estimate the effects of polymorphism of these two genes on egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn laying hens. 2. Single strand conformation polymorphism followed by sequencing was performed to detect polymorphism in these genes. 3. The coding regions of the GnRHI and GnRHII genes were found to be polymorphic. In the GnRH1 gene, 12 haplotypes were determined, of which the h1 haplotype was predominant and the h5, h9 and h11 haplotypes were the least frequent ones. In the GnRHII gene, eight haplotypes were found, of which the h1 haplotype was the most frequent and the h6 was the least frequent haplotype in the White Leghorn population. 4. The haplogroups of GnRHI had a significant effect on body weight and egg production up to 64 weeks of age, yolk content, Haugh units and egg shell parameters. The h1h2 haplogroup of the GnRHI gene showed the highest egg production, with 211.0 ± 24.3 eggs up to 64 weeks of age, while the highest yolk content and Haugh unit was found in h3h10 haplogrouped birds. The haplogroups of GnRHII had a significant effect on age at sexual maturity (ASM) where the shortest ASM was found in the h1h4 birds (147.3 ± 5.9 d) and the longest ASM was observed in the h1h3 birds (160.6 ± 23.4 d). 5. It was concluded that GnRHI and GnRHII genes are polymorphic and have a significant effect on body weight, egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- a Molecular Genetics Lab , ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- a Molecular Genetics Lab , ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
| | - M Dange
- a Molecular Genetics Lab , ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
| | - S K Bhanja
- a Molecular Genetics Lab , ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
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Yadav SP, Kannaki TR, Mahapatra RK, Paswan C, Bhattacharya TK, Sarkar SK, Chatterjee RN. In vivo cell-mediated immune, hemagglutination inhibition response, hematological and biochemical values in native vs. exotic chicken breeds. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3063-3071. [PMID: 29889283 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds (364) of both sexes, 11-wk-old, belonging to 2 native (Brown Nicobari and Ghagus) breeds and 1 exotic breed (Dahlem Red) were evaluated for cell-mediated immune response (CMI) by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen (LaSota stock virus), flow cytometric analysis of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and hematology and biochemical assays. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response PHA-P% increase in wattle thickness (mm) was highest in Ghagus (431.14 ± 22.56) which differed significantly with that of Brown Nicobari (269.1 ± 22.66) and Dahlem Red (218.42 ± 22.30). Sex-wise observation showed that females are having significantly higher response than males. Hemagglutination inhibition test was performed to determine the serum antibodies against Newcastle disease (ND) virus. Brown Nicobari showed highest HI antibody titer than Ghagus and Dahlem Red to similar vaccination program after booster NDV dose. Flow cytometry assay revealed significantly higher CTLs proliferation in Brown Nicobari than Ghagus and Dahlem Red. Moreover, CTLs were found to be higher in control group than the treatment group. Other hematological parameters (103/μL) significant difference was found in white blood cell count between Dahlem Red (38.41 ± 1.03) with that of Brown Nicobari (35.28 ± 1.04) and Ghagus (34.57 ± 1.04) in treatment groups. Same trend was observed in the Lymphocyte treatment group. However, in Granulocyte treatment group, Brown Nicobari (11.04 ± 0.35) was found to be significantly different from Dahlem Red (8.68 ± 0.34) and Ghagus (9.27 ± 0.35). Correlations between body weight at 11 wk of age and CMI, HI, cytotoxic T cell were -0.093, 0.047, and -0.036, respectively. Egg weight was found to be positively correlated with that of chick weight. Serum biochemical values showed that Dahlem Red was having significantly higher creatinine levels compared to Ghagus. Triglycerides level was also significantly higher in Ghagus compared to Dahlem Red. No significant breed effect was observed for alkaline phosphate, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Cholesterol and total serum protein levels were significantly higher in Dahlem Red compared to Brown Nicobari.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Yadav
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - T R Kannaki
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - R K Mahapatra
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - Chandan Paswan
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | | | - S K Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
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Haunshi S, Burramsetty AK, Kannaki TR, Ravindra KSR, Chatterjee RN. Pattern recognition receptor genes expression profiling in indigenous chickens of India and White Leghorn. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3052-3057. [PMID: 28854748 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) such as Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I helicase receptors, and C-type lectin receptors play a critical role in innate immunity as a first line of defense against invading pathogens through recognition of pathogen and/or damage-associated molecular patterns. Genetic makeup of birds is known to play a role in resistance or susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Therefore, the present study was carried out to elucidate the differential expression of PRR and some of the cytokine genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of indigenous chicken breeds such as Ghagus and Nicobari and an exotic chicken breed, White Leghorn (WLH). The stability of expression of reference genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 3 breeds was first determined using NormFinder and BestKeeper programs. NormFinder determined B2M and G6PDH reference genes as the best combination with stability value of 0.38. Out of total 14 genes studied, expression of ten genes was found to be significantly different among 3 breeds after normalization with these reference genes. Ghagus breed showed higher level of expression of TLR1LB, TLR7, NOD1, NOD5, B-Lec, IFNβ, IL1β, and IL8 genes when compared to Nicobari breed. Further, Ghagus showed higher expression of TLR1LB, MDA5, LGP2, B-Lec, IL1β, and IL8 genes as compared to WLH breed. Higher expression of LGP2 and MDA5 genes was observed in Nicobari compared to the WLH breed while higher expression of TLR7, NOD1, NOD5, and IFNβ genes was observed in WLH as compared to Nicobari breed. No difference was observed in the expression of TLR1LA, TLR3, B-NK, and IFNα genes among 3 breeds. Study revealed significant breed effect in expression profile of PRR and some of the cytokine genes and Ghagus breed seems to have better expression profile of these genes linked to the innate immunity when compared to the WLH and Nicobar breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haunshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030 India.
| | | | - T R Kannaki
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030 India
| | - K S Raja Ravindra
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030 India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030 India
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Divya D, Bhattacharya TK, Gnana Prakash M, Chatterjee RN, Shukla R, Guru Vishnu PB, Vinoth A, Dushyanth K. Molecular characterization and expression profiling of BMP 3 gene in broiler and layer chicken. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:477-495. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chatterjee RN. Dosage compensation and its roles in evolution of sex chromosomes and phenotypic dimorphism: lessons from Drosophila, C.elegans and mammals. Nucleus 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-017-0223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Dushyanth K, Bhattacharya TK, Shukla R, Chatterjee RN, Sitaramamma T, Paswan C, Guru Vishnu P. Gene Expression and Polymorphism of Myostatin Gene and its Association with Growth Traits in Chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 27:269-77. [PMID: 27565871 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1182541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin is a member of TGF-β super family and is directly involved in regulation of body growth through limiting muscular growth. A study was carried out in three chicken lines to identify the polymorphism in the coding region of the myostatin gene through SSCP and DNA sequencing. A total of 12 haplotypes were observed in myostatin coding region of chicken. Significant associations between haplogroups with body weight at day 1, 14, 28, and 42 days, and carcass traits at 42 days were observed across the lines. It is concluded that the coding region of myostatin gene was polymorphic, with varied levels of expression among lines and had significant effects on growth traits. The expression of MSTN gene varied during embryonic and post hatch development stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dushyanth
- a Poultry Research , Rajendranagar, Hyderabad , India
| | | | - R Shukla
- a Poultry Research , Rajendranagar, Hyderabad , India
| | | | - T Sitaramamma
- a Poultry Research , Rajendranagar, Hyderabad , India
| | - C Paswan
- a Poultry Research , Rajendranagar, Hyderabad , India
| | - P Guru Vishnu
- a Poultry Research , Rajendranagar, Hyderabad , India
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Satheesh P, Bhattacharya TK, Kumar P, Chatterjee RN, Dhara SK, Paswan C, Shukla R, Dushyanth K. Gene expression and silencing of activin receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) in myoblast cells of chicken. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:763-770. [PMID: 27635666 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1219693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Activin receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) acts as receptor for myostatin (MSTN) protein involved in inhibiting satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. The importance of the ACVR2A gene during embryonic and post-hatch periods in broiler and layer chicken was studied in an in vitro cell culture system. The expression pattern of the ACVR2A gene during embryonic stages was similar in broiler and layer lines. Post-hatch expression of the ACVR2A gene varied significantly between broiler and layer lines. Five shRNA molecules were designed to knockdown expression of the ACVR2A gene in chicken myoblast cells. The silencing of the ACVR2A gene in a cell culture system varied from 60% to 82%. It is concluded that between broiler and layer lines, there were no significant changes in expression of the ACVR2A gene during embryonic stages but it varied significantly during the post-hatch period. The shRNA showed silencing of the ACVR2A gene under an in vitro cell culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Satheesh
- b ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | | | - P Kumar
- b ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- a ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
| | - S K Dhara
- b ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - C Paswan
- a ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
| | - R Shukla
- a ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
| | - K Dushyanth
- a ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research , Hyderabad , India
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Rajkumar U, Muthukumar M, Haunshi S, Niranjan M, Raju MVLN, Rama Rao SV, Chatterjee RN. Comparative evaluation of carcass traits and meat quality in native Aseel chickens and commercial broilers. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:339-47. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1162282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Rajkumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - M. Muthukumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - S. Haunshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - M. Niranjan
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - M. V. L. N. Raju
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - S. V. Rama Rao
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - R. N. Chatterjee
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Dushyanth K, Paswan C, Guru Vishnu P. Activin receptor 2A and activin receptor 2B genes in chicken: effect on carcass traits. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Padhi MK, Chatterjee RN, Rajkumar U, Niranjan M, Haunshi S. Evaluation of a three-way cross chicken developed for backyard poultry in respect to growth, production and carcass quality traits under intensive system of rearing. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Dushyanth K, Paswan C, Shukla R, Shanmugam M. Polymorphism and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene and its association with growth traits in chicken. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:398-407. [PMID: 26059224 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The objectives of the study were to detect polymorphism in the coding region of the IGF1 gene, explore the expression profile and estimate association with growth traits in indigenous and exotic chickens. 2. A total of 12 haplotypes were found in Cornish, control layer and Aseel breeds of chicken in which the h1 haplotype was most frequent. 3. Nucleotide substitutions among haplotypes were found at 21 positions in the IGF1 gene in which 4 substitutions resulted in non-synonymous mutations in the receptor binding domain of the IGF1 protein. 4. The haplogroup showed a significant effect on body weight at 24 and 42 d of age in the control layer line, body weight at 42 d and daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in the control broiler line, daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in Cornish, and body weights at 42 d as well as daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in Aseel birds. 5. IGF1 expression varied among the breeds during embryonic and post-hatch periods. The expression among the haplogroups varied in different chicken tissues. The effect of haplogroup on myofibre number in pectoral muscle was non-significant, although there was significant variation in numbers between d 1 and d 42, and between broiler and layer lines. 6. It was concluded that the coding region of the IGF1 gene was polymorphic, expressed differentially during the pre-hatch and post-hatch periods, and haplogroups showed significant association with growth traits in chicken.
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Panja B, Bhowmick S, Chowrasia VR, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee RN, Sen A, Sarkar M, Ram AK, Mukherjee PK. A cross-sectional study of adverse drug reactions reporting among doctors of a private medical college in Bihar, India. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47:126-7. [PMID: 25821329 PMCID: PMC4375811 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.150382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadev Panja
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - S Bhowmick
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - V R Chowrasia
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - Shipra Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - Arindam Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - Manjula Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - A K Ram
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
| | - P K Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Dushyanth K, Shukla R. Cloning, characterization and expression of myostatin (growth differentiating factor-8) gene in broiler and layer chicken (Gallus gallus). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:319-27. [PMID: 25479731 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to characterize myostatin gene in broiler and layer chicken and to explore mRNA expression profile in these two varieties of chicken. The myostatin cDNAs of broiler and layer varieties were cloned and sequenced. The total length of the cDNA was 1128 bp. The differences of nucleotides between PB-1 broiler and IWI layer were C > 65 > T, C > 306 > T and C > 1094 > T while those between CB broiler and IWI layer were C > 65 > T, C > 195 > G, G > 234 > A, C > 306 > T, T > 939 > C, C > 961 > T, G > 966T and C > 1094 > T. The amino acid differences of myostatin protein between PB-1 and IWI strains were alanine > 22 > valine and proline > 365 > leucine while those between CB and IWI strains were alanine > 22 > valine, histidine > 321 > tyrosine and proline > 365 > leucine. The phylogenetic study revealed closeness of PB-1 and control broiler forming a cluster, which was also closely related to IWI layer chicken formed a separate cluster. The gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The gene expression profile in muscle was different between broiler and layer strains. Between two broiler strains, the pattern of expression was similar. Between IWI layer and either PB-1 or CB broilers, differences in expression was found at different time points, particularly at second, fourth and seventh weeks of age. The myostatin expression was significantly associated with body weights in chicken. It is concluded that myostatin gene sequences varied at nucleotide as well as amino acid level between broiler and layer chicken varieties and the gene also expressed differentially in these two varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India,
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Nath S, Bhowmick S, Dutta T, Chowrasia VR, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee RN, Sarkar M, Ram AK, Mukherjee PK. A study of promotional advertisements of drugs in a medical journal: an ethics perspective. Indian J Med Ethics 2014; 11:237-41. [PMID: 25377037 DOI: 10.20529/ijme.2014.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study assessed 54 advertisements of 145 different drugs, published over one year (from December 2011 to November 2012) in an Indian medical journal, circulated widely mainly among general practitioners (GPs). The ethical guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI) for medicinal drug promotion were applied. The brand name was mentioned in all advertisements (100% compliance both with the WHO and OPPI criteria) and the names of the active ingredients were also mentioned in 128 (90.14%) advertisements. However, major adverse drug reactions were mentioned in only two advertisements (1.37%); precautions, contraindications and warnings in only two (1.37%); and major interactions in only one (0.68%). Only three advertisements (2.06%) were well substantiated with references. To ensure the ethical promotionof drugs among GPs, journals must introduce compulsory review and appraisal of promotional advertisements by a dedicated review board, including at least one member trained in pharmacology and one representative from the medical division of a pharmaceutical company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Nath
- 2nd Year PGT; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107
| | - Subhrojyoti Bhowmick
- Assistant Professor; Department of Pharmacology, Flat No. 4, Prathama Apartments, 41/2 PGH Shah Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Trayambak Dutta
- 2nd Year PGT; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107 India
| | - V R Chowrasia
- Assistant Professor; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107 Indiaa
| | - Shipra Bhattacharya
- Professor and Head; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107 India
| | - R N Chatterjee
- Professor; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107 India
| | - Manjula Sarkar
- Professor; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107 India
| | - A K Ram
- Professor Emeritus; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107 India
| | - P K Mukherjee
- Professor Emeritus; Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107 India
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Abstract
The Pit-1 gene is involved in regulation of muscle growth through controlling the expression of growth hormone, prolactin, and transforming growth factor-β genes in chicken. The objectives of the study were to explore polymorphisms of the Pit-1 gene and to estimate the effect of these polymorphisms on growth traits in PB-1 and control (broiler strain) and IWI (layer strain) chickens. Single-stranded conformation polymorphism followed by sequencing was performed to reveal polymorphisms of the gene. In total, 10 haplotypes were found across the lines. The mRNA expression of Pit-1 varied among haplogroups and had a significant effect on BW and growth rates. The haplogroups showed a significant effect on BW in wk 7 in PB-1 chickens. In control chickens there was a significant effect at d 1 and in wk 2 and 7, and in IWI strains, there was a significant effect at d 1 and wk 6 and 7. The significant association of haplogroups and growth rate was found between 0 and 2 wk in control and between 0 and 2 and 6 and 7 wk in IWI strains. It was concluded that the Pit-1 gene is polymorphic and has a significant effect on growth traits in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Sharma RP, Rajkumar U, Niranjan M, Reddy BLN. Association of polymorphism in the prolactin promoter and egg quality traits in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2012; 52:551-7. [PMID: 22029781 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.617727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing was performed in White Leghorn hens to explore the polymorphisms present in the promoter of the prolactin gene. The effects of different genotypes on egg production and quality traits were determined, and expression of the prolactin gene in different genotypes was quantified by real time-PCR. Five genotypes and four alleles at each of two Fragments of the promoter were found, of which the FG genotype in Fragment 1 and the PQ genotype in Fragment 2 were the most predominant genotypes. The genotypes of Fragment 1 had significant effects (P < 0·05) on Haugh unit, albumen weight, albumen percentage and shell percentage at 40 weeks of age; egg weight and yolk index at 52 weeks of age; and egg weight at 64 weeks of age. Prolactin expression in the genotypes of Fragment 1 differed significantly and GH genotyped birds had the highest level of expression. The genotypes of Fragment 2 did not show any significant differences of expression. It was concluded that the prolactin gene promoter was highly polymorphic, and had significant effects on egg quality traits in White Leghorn hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Lab, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India.
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Sharma RP, Niranjan M, Rajkumar U, Reddy BLN. Identification of haplotypes in promoter of prolactin gene and their effect on egg production and quality traits in layer chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2011; 22:71-86. [PMID: 21500109 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.555680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression of prolactin hormone is a crucial event in regulating egg production in chickens for which promoter plays the vital role in expressing the prolactin gene. The objective of the present study was to identify haplotypes in the prolactin promoter and their effects on egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn chicken. Single stranded conformation polymorphism followed by sequencing was conducted to explore polymorphism at 561 bp promoter of prolactin gene. The effect of haplotype combinations on egg production and quality traits were estimated following general linear model technique. The expression of prolactin by different haplogroups was quantified by qPCR. Total 28 haplotypes were found in White Leghorn chicken of which h1 haplotype possessed the highest frequency of 0.46 and h8, h14, h16, h25, h26, and h28 haplotypes had the lowest frequency (0.1%). The egg production up to 52 and 64 weeks of age were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with haplotype combinations where the highest 52-w (52 weeks) egg production was found in animals with h1/h22 combination and the lowest production was observed in the birds with h1/h2 haplogroup. The haplotype combinations had the significant effect (p < 0.05) on Haugh Unit, yolk index and albumen weight at 40 weeks of age; Haugh Unit and albumen weight at 52 weeks of age and Haugh unit, yolk weight and yolk percentage at 64 weeks of age. The prolactin expression in h1/h22 birds was found to be the lowest and in h1/h5 birds to be the highest. The prolactin expression showed significant effect on 52-w egg production and albumin weight at 52 weeks age. In conclusion, it may be stated that the prolactin promoter was highly polymorphic and had the significant association with egg production and quality traits in White Leghorn chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Lab, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
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Rajkumar U, Sharma RP, Padhi MK, Rajaravindra KS, Reddy BLN, Niranjan M, Bhattacharya TK, Haunshi S, Chatterjee RN. Genetic analysis of juvenile growth and carcass traits in a full diallel mating in selected colored broiler lines. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:1129-36. [PMID: 21360012 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The juvenile growth and carcass traits were evaluated in a 4 × 4 full diallel crossing involving four colored broiler chicken lines viz., Naked neck (NN), Dwarf, Punjab Broiler-1 (PB-1), and Punjab Broiler-2 to study the performance and crossbreeding parameters. The data on 2,280 chicks were analyzed using least squares techniques to assess the effect of genetic group, and the significant traits were further analyzed for crossbreeding parameters. Genetic group had significant influence on the body weights and carcass traits. The cross of PB-1 × NN recorded significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher body weight at 6 weeks of age. The data revealed that general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal ability (MA), sex-linked effect (SE), and purebred effects significantly influenced the growth and carcass traits in the broiler crosses. The crossbred PB-1 × NN showed positive heterosis for growth as well as carcass traits. The results suggest that GCA, SCA, SE, and MA are important in the inheritance of the body weights and carcass traits indicating the presence of both additive and nonadditive genetic variation along with reciprocal effects. Therefore, pure line selection along with development of specialized sire and dam lines followed by crossing will improve the growth performance and benefit the poultry farmers. It is concluded that PB-1 as a male line and NN as a female line performed significantly higher, therefore, may be used for improving the performance of colored broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullengala Rajkumar
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India.
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Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Sharma RP, Niranjan M, Rajkumar U. Associations between novel polymorphisms at the 5'-UTR region of the prolactin gene and egg production and quality in chickens. Theriogenology 2010; 75:655-61. [PMID: 21111467 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize polymorphisms at the 5'-UTR region of the prolactin gene, and determine their association with egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn chickens. The study was conducted on four strains of White Leghorn chickens, namely IWH, IWI, IWK, and layer control. Overall, there were three alleles (designated A, B, and C) and five genotypes, with genotypic frequencies of 0.09, 0.75, 0.07, 0.02, and 0.07 for AA, AB, AC, BB, and BC, respectively. There were significant differences among genotypes for egg production up to 52 and 64 wk of age, with maximal egg yields for genotypes AA and AC (144.5 ± 5.06 and 143.2 ± 4.67 eggs, respectively). Furthermore, there were significant differences among genotypes for egg quality traits, including egg weight and Haugh unit at 40 wk of age, Haugh unit at 52 wk, and yolk color index and Haugh unit at 64 wk. Birds with AA or AC genotypes had the best egg quality traits. On the contrary, these genotypes had the lowest prolactin expression, whereas this expression was highest in birds with the BB genotype. In conclusion, polymorphisms at the 5'-UTR of prolactin gene were significantly associated with egg production and egg quality traits in White Leghorn chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Bhattacharya
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
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Rajkumar U, Reddy BLN, Rajaravindra KS, Niranjan M, Bhattacharya TK, Chatterjee RN, Panda AK, Reddy MR, Sharma RP. Effect of Naked Neck Gene on Immune Competence, Serum Biochemical and Carcass Traits in Chickens under a Tropical Climate. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.90548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chatterjee RN, Chatterjee P, Pal A, Pal-Bhadra M. Drosophila simulans Lethal hybrid rescue mutation (Lhr) rescues inviable hybrids by restoring X chromosomal dosage compensation and causes fluctuating asymmetry of development. J Genet 2008; 86:203-15. [PMID: 18305340 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-007-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila simulans Lhr rescues lethal hybrids from the cross of D. melanogaster and D. simulans. We describe here, the phenotypes of Lhr dependent rescue hybrids and demonstrate the effects of Lhr on functional morphology of the salivary chromosomes in the hybrids. Our results reveal that the phenotypes of the 'Lhr dependent rescued' hybrids were largely dependent on the genetic background and the dominance in species and hybrids, and not on Lhr. Cytological examination reveal that while the salivary chromosome of 'larval lethal' male carrying melanogaster X chromosome was unusually thin and contracted, in 'rescued' hybrid males (C(mel)X(mel)Y(sim); A(mel)A(sim)) the X chromosome showed typical pale staining, enlarged diameter and incorporated higher rate of (3)H-uridine in presence of one dose Lhr in the genome. In hybrid males carrying simulans X chromosome (C(mel)X(sim)Y(mel); A(mel)A(sim)), enlarged width of the polytene X chromosome was noted in most of the nuclei, in Lhr background, and transcribed at higher rate than that of the single X chromosome of male. In hybrid females (both viable, e.g., C(mel)X(mel)X(sim); A(mel)A(sim) and rescued, e.g., C(mel)X(mel)X(mel); A(mel)A(sim)), the functional morphology of the X chromosomes were comparable to that of diploid autosomes in presence of one dose of Lhr. In hybrid metafemales (C(mel)X(mel)X(mel)X(sim); A(mel)A(sim)), two dose of melanogaster X chromosomes and one dose of simulans X chromosome were transcribed almost at 'female' rate in hybrid genetic background in presence of one dose of Lhr. In rescued hybrid males, the melanogaster-derived X chromosome appeared to complete its replication faster than autosomes. These results together have been interpreted to have suggested that Lhr suppresses the lethality of hybrids by regulating functional activities of the X chromosome(s) for dosage compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Chatterjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 B. C. Road, Kolkata, India.
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Ahlawat SPS, Sunder J, Kundu A, Chatterjee RN, Rai RB, Kumar B, Senani S, Saha SK, Yadav SP. Use of RAPD-PCR for genetic analysis of Nicobari fowl of Andamans. Br Poult Sci 2004; 45:194-200. [PMID: 15222416 DOI: 10.1080/00071660410001715795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study was conducted to estimate genetic relatedness among Nicobari fowls (Brown, Black and White) and an exotic bird (White Leghorn) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism. 2. A total of 25 decamer primers were screened among all the breeds of which 24 primers amplified the genomic DNA, generating 2000 to 200 bp bands. Ten primers generated reproducible and distinct RAPD profiles and were used for further analysis. 3. A total of 94 bands were amplified and 30 polymorphic bands (32%) were produced. The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 3.0. 4. Among the native breeds Brown Nicobari showed higher genetic similarity (0.85) than Black Nicobari (0.80) and White Nicobari fowl (0.82). 5. Brown Nicobari showed high genetic similarity with Black Nicobari (0.87 +/- 0.029); least similarity was between White Nicobari and White Leghorn (0.77 +/- 0.028). 6. The RAPD profile of all Nicobari fowls on amplification with the primers PBG5 and PBA12 showed specific bands of molecular size 1050 and 785 bp, respectively. 7. The native breeds showed the least genetic distance with each other while White Leghorn appeared to be most distant from the native breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P S Ahlawat
- Division of Animal Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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Acharyya M, Chatterjee RN. Genetic analysis of an intersex allele (ix5) that regulates sexual phenotype of both female and male Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Res (Camb) 2002; 80:7-14. [PMID: 12448853 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672302005694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An allele of intersex (ix5) of Drosophila melanogaster has been characterized. The genetic analysis of the allele demonstrated that like other point mutations of ix, the ix5 allele also transformed diplo-X individuals into intersexes. The ix5 mutation also affects the arrangement of sex comb bristles on the forelegs of males, although they had morphologically nearly normal male genitalia. They often fail to display a sustained pattern of courtship activity when tested. Orcein-stained squash preparations of testes from ix5 males revealed a defect in spermatogenesis. Our results, taken together with those of McRobert & Tompkins (1985), indicate that the ix+ gene also functions in male sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Acharyya
- Department of Zoology, Universdity of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
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Maitra TK, Acharyya B, Chatterjee RN, Das AK. Chondro-ectodermal dysplasia. J Indian Med Assoc 1992; 90:108. [PMID: 1645024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Banerjee PK, Ghosh KN, Chatterjee RN. Gel diffusion analysis of host preference pattern of Anopheles subpictus in West Bengal, India. Indian J Malariol 1991; 28:157-9. [PMID: 1822452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Host preference pattern of Anopheles subpictus was studied from cattlesheds and human dwellings of Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal using a modified gel diffusion technique. Our results reveal that An subpictus is becoming less zoophagic in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, India
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Chatterjee RN. Binding affinity of leucine-containing chromatin proteins to the polytene X chromosome of Drosophila hydei and its significance. Indian J Exp Biol 1991; 29:301-4. [PMID: 1874548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Association of newly synthesised non-histone chromosomal protein to the polytene X chromosome of larval salivary glands of D. hydei has been examined by autoradiographic procedure using 3H-leucine. It has been observed that 3H-leucine labelling pattern is inhibited in presence of puromycin. Results further reveal that there is a reasonable concordance between the binding affinity of newly synthesized protein on the single X chromosome of the male and paired X's of the female. A sitewise analysis of 3H-leucine labelling reveals that although 3H-leucine incorporation pattern are not strictly comparable with 3H-RNA synthesis pattern observed under in vivo transcription condition, the labelling pattern with 3H-leucine are not merely the reflection of mass distribution of protein in the polytene chromosomes. Certain aspects of regulation in the organisation of male and female X chromosome in Drosophila by de novo synthesis of protein are discussed.
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Chatterjee RN. Mosaic pattern of X-chromosomal transcription in a strain of Drosophila melanogaster with aneuploid X chromosome. Indian J Exp Biol 1990; 28:101-5. [PMID: 2115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organisation and template activity pattern of salivary gland chromosomes of a segmental male aneuploid of D. melanogaster, carrying duplication for the segment 8C-20F of X chromosome, have been examined by in situ transcription. In an earlier study [Chatterjee, Chromosoma 91 (1985) 259], it was suggested that in male aneuploids, up to an additional length of 8C-20F, the template activity of X chromosome tends to remain at a male level and beyond that level shifts towards female level. A large scale search of the template activity pattern of the aneuploid carrying dp.(8C-20F) clearly indicates that presence of the duplication fragment to X in the normal karyotype (1X2A) lead to a varying degree of condensation of euchromatic regions of entire X chromosome (X + X fragment 8C-20F) starting from 'male' level, over a wide range of 'intermediate' level to a normal 'female' level. In this study, the individual cells of the aneuploid appeared to display their own state of X condensation and transcription. Although in the aneuploid, X chromosomal activity is not determined by a purely quantitative effect of X vs. autosomal material (X:A ratio = 0.81), the 8C-20F segment of X chromosome must contain some major elements concerned with the signal given by X:A ratio for X chromosome differentiation.
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Chatterjee RN, Nandi DN, Banerjee G, Sen B, Mukherjee A, Banerjee G. The social and psychological correlates of leprosy. Indian J Psychiatry 1989; 31:315-8. [PMID: 21927408 PMCID: PMC3172021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, one of the most chronic tropical diseases, acts as a unique psychosocial stressor for the social stigma associated with it. The present study assessed the nature of such stigma and its possible effect on the patient's mental health. Leprosy patients perceive that (a) their illness evokes public fear and hate, (b) it is degrading and humiliating and they should be segregated from family and society and (c) it is incurable and a consequence of sin. Psychiatric morbidity is commoner among the in-patients (64%) than among the out-patients (25%).
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Ghosh S, Chatterjee RN, Bunick D, Manning JE, Lucchesi JC. The LSP1-alpha gene of Drosophila melanogaster exhibits dosage compensation when it is relocated to a different site on the X chromosome. EMBO J 1989; 8:1191-6. [PMID: 2501087 PMCID: PMC400933 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The LSP1-alpha gene of Drosophila melanogaster is located on the X chromosome at 11B yet is not dosage compensated. In order to determine if this gene is inherently incapable of dosage compensation or if it does not compensate because the appropriate regulatory cis-acting sequences are absent from its chromosomal domain, we have undertaken to relocate it to ectopic sites on the X chromosome. To differentiate between the transcripts produced by the transduced gene and those produced by the indigenous gene, we inserted a 500-bp sequence of mouse DNA into the LSP1-alpha clone prior to using it for transformation. Our results show that the LSP1-alpha gene exhibits equivalent levels of transcripts in the two sexes when it is relocated to either an autosomal site or to an ectopic site on the X chromosome. We conclude that the LSP1-alpha gene is capable of dosage compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92717
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Chatterjee RN. National health policy and Indian Medical Association. J Indian Med Assoc 1988; 86:317-8, 321. [PMID: 3250972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bhadra U, Chatterjee RN. Dosage compensation and template organisation in Drosophila: In situ transcriptional analysis of the chromatin template activity of the X and autosomes of D. melanogaster strains trisomic for the left arm of the second and third chromosomes. Chromosoma 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00290858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chatterjee RN. DNA dependent RNA polymerase from Drosophila melanogaster embryonic cells from a cell line. Indian J Exp Biol 1985; 23:1-7. [PMID: 3926638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chatterjee RN. X chromosomal organisation and dosage compensation. In situ transcription of chromatin template activity of X chromosome hyperploids of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 1985; 91:259-66. [PMID: 3920016 DOI: 10.1007/bf00328221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin template activity of the polytene X chromosomal DNA was assayed by in situ transcription on the fixed polytene chromosomes using E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and 3H-UTP as the monitoring substrate in various 1X2A, 2X2A and 3X2A larvae and 1X2A (+ X fragments) segmental aneuploid larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. The segmental aneuploids contained duplications for the segments 15EF-20F, 11A-20F, 8C-20F and 3E-20F of the X chromosome. Results revealed that a double dose of active loci located in the X chromosome regions 15EF-20F, 11A-20F, and 8C-20F in aneuploids synthesized nearly 40%-70% more RNA than the normal single dose of this region in the wild-type males. The activity per gene dose for the two segments in the aneuploids was also significantly higher than in their male counterpart except for the duplication dp (3E-20F), where the duplicated piece extended from the centromeric heterochromatin to include 85% of the euchromatic portion of the X chromosome. In the case of dp (3E-20F), the X chromosome was transcribed at the lower, "female" level. It may also be noted that some regions of the X chromosome when present in extra copy, especially in dp (8C-20F) influenced the template activity of the X-linked genes inside or outside the duplicated segment. Metafemales (3X2A) have 50% higher template activity of the X chromosomes than their diploid sisters. In this study, metafemales behaved as females with duplication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ghosh M, Chatterjee RN, Mukherjee AS. Cytochemical characterization of the functional morphology & nucleic acid metabolism of the nucleolar chromatin of giant salivary gland cells of Drosophila. Indian J Exp Biol 1982; 20:797-804. [PMID: 7169227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chatterjee RN. Presidential address: Indian Medical Association. J Indian Med Assoc 1982; 78:83-93. [PMID: 7130722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Chatterjee RN, Mukherjee SP, Nandi DN. Life events and depression. Indian J Psychiatry 1981; 23:333-7. [PMID: 22058558 PMCID: PMC3012904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The life events occurring in a 6 month period preceding onset of illness in 50 OPD primary depressives were inquired into by a Life Events Inventory and compared with those in a corresponding time period of 50 matched controls. The relation between life events and the depth of depression at initial interview was also studied. The results are analysed and the probable pitfalls discussed.
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Chatterjee RN, Dube DK, Mukherjee AS. In situ transcription analysis of chromatin template activity of the S-chromosome of Drosophila following high molar NaCl treatment. Chromosoma 1981; 82:515-23. [PMID: 7021083 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin template activity of the polytene chromosomes in larval salivary glands of Drosophila hydei has been assayed by in situ transcription, on the fixed chromatin using E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and 3H-UTP as the monitoring substrate, both with optimal salt and high salt concentration (1 M NaCl). Results reveal an increase in the net transcription of all chromosomes in the high salt treatment series in comparison with the control. The X-chromosomes of the male larval gland also shows an increase in the labelling following the high salt treatment, but the increase is significantly less than that of the autosomes of the same nucleus. On the basis of these findings it has been suggested that the X-chromosomal hyperactivity of the male, as normally known to exist, might be guided by an inherent modulation of the structure of the X-chromatin.
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Chatterjee RN, Mukherjee AS. Chromosomal basis of dosage compensation in Drosophila. X. Assessment of hyperactivity of the male X in situ. J Cell Sci 1981; 47:295-309. [PMID: 7263783 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.47.1.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of examination of the template activity of the fixed polytene chromosomes of Drosophila hydei, monitored by 3H-UTP, under in situ assay conditions, upon the use of endogenous Drosophila polymerase, exogenous Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (holoenzyme) and exogenous Drosophila RNA polymerase II (or B) have been presented. Analysis of the data reveals that the transcription patterns with the 3 enzymes are not strictly comparable with the pattern obtained under in vivo conditions. Yet, with each of the 3 conditions of assay, there is a reasonable concordance between the template activity on the single X chromosome of the male and the paired Xs of the female, as observed under in vivo. There is also, in every case, a high positive correlation between the 3H-UMP incorporation into the X chromosome and that into a specific autosome. A site-wise analysis of 3H-UMP labelling under the 3 assay conditions also reveals that for most of the regions, the sites which are highly active in vivo also show high labelling in situ, and the proportionally is maintained in both sexes. These result have been interpreted to have suggested that the hyperactivity of the male X vis-a-vis dosage compensation in Drosophila is primarily a property of the inherent organization of the X chromosome itself and is achieved through modulation in the organization, rather than exclusively through autosomal factor(s), although a secondary level of autosomal regulation has not yet been ruled out.
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Chatterjee RN, Mukherjee AS, Derksen J. Role of nonhistone chromosomal protein in attainment of hyper-activity of X chromosome of male Drosophila: a quantitative cytochemical study. Indian J Exp Biol 1980; 18:574-5. [PMID: 7439942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Mukherjee AS, Duttagupta AK, Chatterjee SN, Chatterjee RN, Majumdar D, Chatterjee C, Ghosh M, Achary PM, Dey A, Banerjee I. Regulation of DNA replication in Drosophila. Basic Life Sci 1980; 16:57-83. [PMID: 6779808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7968-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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