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Liberman-Martin AL, Chang AB, Chu CK, Siddique RH, Lee B, Grubbs RH. Processing Effects on the Self-Assembly of Brush Block Polymer Photonic Crystals. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1480-1486. [PMID: 35549148 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PDMS-b-PTMC) bottlebrush block polymers was investigated under different processing conditions. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and UV/Visible spectroscopy provided insight into the self-assembly and structure in response to heating and applied pressure. In the absence of applied pressure (i.e., before annealing), the PDMS-b-PTMC bottlebrush block polymers are white solids and adopt small, randomly oriented lamellar grains. Heating the materials to 140 °C in the absence of applied pressure appears to "lock in" the isotropic, short-range-ordered state, preventing the formation of the long-range-ordered lamellar structure responsible for photonic properties. Applying modest anisotropic pressure (3 psi) between parallel plates at ambient temperature orients the short-range lamellar grains; however, applied pressure alone does not produce long-range order. Only when the bottlebrush block polymers were heated (>100 °C) under modest pressure (3 psi) were long-range-ordered photonic crystals formed. Analysis of the SAXS data motivated analogies to liquid crystals and revealed the potential self-assembly pathway. These results provide insight into the structure and self-assembly of bottlebrush block polymers with low glass transition temperature side chains in response to different processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice B. Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Crystal K. Chu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Radwanul H. Siddique
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Pomerantz AF, Siddique RH, Cash EI, Kishi Y, Pinna C, Hammar K, Gomez D, Elias M, Patel NH. Developmental, cellular and biochemical basis of transparency in clearwing butterflies. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:268372. [PMID: 34047337 PMCID: PMC8340268 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The wings of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are typically covered with thousands of flat, overlapping scales that endow the wings with colorful patterns. Yet, numerous species of Lepidoptera have evolved highly transparent wings, which often possess scales of altered morphology and reduced size, and the presence of membrane surface nanostructures that dramatically reduce reflection. Optical properties and anti-reflective nanostructures have been characterized for several ‘clearwing’ Lepidoptera, but the developmental processes underlying wing transparency are unknown. Here, we applied confocal and electron microscopy to create a developmental time series in the glasswing butterfly, Greta oto, comparing transparent and non-transparent wing regions. We found that during early wing development, scale precursor cell density was reduced in transparent regions, and cytoskeletal organization during scale growth differed between thin, bristle-like scale morphologies within transparent regions and flat, round scale morphologies within opaque regions. We also show that nanostructures on the wing membrane surface are composed of two layers: a lower layer of regularly arranged nipple-like nanostructures, and an upper layer of irregularly arranged wax-based nanopillars composed predominantly of long-chain n-alkanes. By chemically removing wax-based nanopillars, along with optical spectroscopy and analytical simulations, we demonstrate their role in generating anti-reflective properties. These findings provide insight into morphogenesis and composition of naturally organized microstructures and nanostructures, and may provide bioinspiration for new anti-reflective materials. Summary: Transparency is a fascinating, yet poorly studied, optical property in living organisms. We elucidated the developmental processes underlying scale and nanostructure formation in glasswing butterflies, and their roles in generating anti-reflective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Pomerantz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Radwanul H Siddique
- Image Sensor Lab, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., 2 N Lake Ave. Ste. 240, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.,Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Cash
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuriko Kishi
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Charline Pinna
- ISYEB, 45 rue Buffon, CP50, 75005, Paris, CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, France
| | - Kasia Hammar
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Doris Gomez
- CEFE, 1919 route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, France
| | - Marianne Elias
- ISYEB, 45 rue Buffon, CP50, 75005, Paris, CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, France
| | - Nipam H Patel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Donie YJ, Schlisske S, Siddique RH, Mertens A, Narasimhan V, Schackmar F, Pietsch M, Hossain IM, Hernandez-Sosa G, Lemmer U, Gomard G. Phase-Separated Nanophotonic Structures by Inkjet Printing. ACS Nano 2021; 15:7305-7317. [PMID: 33844505 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous phase separation of two or more polymers is a thermodynamic process that can take place in both biological and synthetic materials and which results in the structuring of the matter from the micro- to the nanoscale. For photonic applications, it allows forming quasi-periodic or disordered assemblies of light scatterers at high throughput and low cost. The wet process methods currently used to fabricate phase-separated nanostructures (PSNs) limit the design possibilities, which in turn hinders the deployment of PSNs in commercialized products. To tackle this shortcoming, we introduce a versatile and industrially scalable deposition method based on the inkjet printing of a polymer blend, leading to PSNs with a feature size that is tuned from a few micrometers down to sub-100 nm. Consequently, PSNs can be rapidly processed into the desired macroscopic design. We demonstrate that these printed PSNs can improve light management in manifold photonic applications, exemplified here by exploiting them as a light extraction layer and a metasurface for light-emitting devices and point-of-care biosensors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidenekachew J Donie
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlisske
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Radwanul H Siddique
- Image Sensor Lab, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., 2 N Lake Avenue Suite 240, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
- Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Adrian Mertens
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vinayak Narasimhan
- Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Fabian Schackmar
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manuel Pietsch
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ihteaz M Hossain
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Gomard
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Kumar S, Park H, Cho H, Siddique RH, Narasimhan V, Yang D, Choo H. Overcoming evanescent field decay using 3D-tapered nanocavities for on-chip targeted molecular analysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2930. [PMID: 32523000 PMCID: PMC7287113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of optical emission on plasmonic nanostructures is intrinsically limited by the distance between the emitter and nanostructure surface, owing to a tightly-confined and exponentially-decaying electromagnetic field. This fundamental limitation prevents efficient application of plasmonic fluorescence enhancement for diversely-sized molecular assemblies. We demonstrate a three-dimensionally-tapered gap plasmon nanocavity that overcomes this fundamental limitation through near-homogeneous yet powerful volumetric confinement of electromagnetic field inside an open-access nanotip. The 3D-tapered device provides fluorescence enhancement factors close to 2200 uniformly for various molecular assemblies ranging from few angstroms to 20 nanometers in size. Furthermore, our nanostructure allows detection of low concentration (10 pM) biomarkers as well as specific capture of single antibody molecules at the nanocavity tip for high resolution molecular binding analysis. Overcoming molecule position-derived large variations in plasmonic enhancement can propel widespread application of this technique for sensitive detection and analysis of complex molecular assemblies at or near single molecule resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailabh Kumar
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Haeri Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Image Sensor Lab, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., 2 N. Lake Ave. Ste. 240, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Hyunjun Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Radwanul H Siddique
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Image Sensor Lab, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., 2 N. Lake Ave. Ste. 240, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Vinayak Narasimhan
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Daejong Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Hyuck Choo
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Image Sensor Lab, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc., 2 N. Lake Ave. Ste. 240, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Imaging Device Lab, Device & System Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea.
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Yang D, Afroosheh S, Lee JO, Cho H, Kumar S, Siddique RH, Narasimhan V, Yoon YZ, Zayak AT, Choo H. Glucose Sensing Using Surface-Enhanced Raman-Mode Constraining. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14269-14278. [PMID: 30369240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, and its management focuses on monitoring and lowering a patient's glucose level to prevent further complications. By tracking the glucose-induced shift in the surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) emission of mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA), we have demonstrated fast and continuous glucose sensing in the physiologically relevant range from 0.1 to 30 mM and verified the underlying mechanism using numerical simulations. Bonding of glucose to MPBA suppresses the "breathing" mode of MPBA at 1071 cm-1 and energizes the constrained-bending mode at 1084 cm-1, causing the dominant peak to shift from 1071 to 1084 cm-1. MPBA-glucose bonding is also reversible, allowing continuous tracking of ambient glucose concentrations, and the MPBA-coated substrates showed very stable performance over a 30 day period, making the approach promising for long-term continuous glucose monitoring. Using Raman-mode-constrained, miniaturized SERS implants, we also successfully demonstrated intraocular glucose measurements in six ex vivo rabbit eyes within ±0.5 mM of readings obtained using a commercial glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejong Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States.,Department of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering , Kongju National University , Cheonan 31080 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Afroosheh
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Center for Photochemical Sciences , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - Jeong Oen Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Hyunjun Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Shailabh Kumar
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Radwanul H Siddique
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Vinayak Narasimhan
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Young-Zoon Yoon
- Device Lab, Device & System Research Center , Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Suwon 16678 , Republic of Korea
| | - Alexey T Zayak
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Center for Photochemical Sciences , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - Hyuck Choo
- Department of Medical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States.,Device Lab, Device & System Research Center , Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Suwon 16678 , Republic of Korea
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6
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Siddique RH, Donie YJ, Gomard G, Yalamanchili S, Merdzhanova T, Lemmer U, Hölscher H. Bioinspired phase-separated disordered nanostructures for thin photovoltaic absorbers. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1700232. [PMID: 29057320 PMCID: PMC5648565 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The wings of the black butterfly, Pachliopta aristolochiae, are covered by micro- and nanostructured scales that harvest sunlight over a wide spectral and angular range. Considering that these properties are particularly attractive for photovoltaic applications, we analyze the contribution of these micro- and nanostructures, focusing on the structural disorder observed in the wing scales. In addition to microspectroscopy experiments, we conduct three-dimensional optical simulations of the exact scale structure. On the basis of these results, we design nanostructured thin photovoltaic absorbers of disordered nanoholes, which combine efficient light in-coupling and light-trapping properties together with a high angular robustness. Finally, inspired by the phase separation mechanism of self-assembled biophotonic nanostructures, we fabricate these bioinspired absorbers using a scalable, self-assembly patterning technique based on the phase separation of binary polymer mixture. The nanopatterned absorbers achieve a relative integrated absorption increase of 90% at a normal incident angle of light to as high as 200% at large incident angles, demonstrating the potential of black butterfly structures for light-harvesting purposes in thin-film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwanul H. Siddique
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 136-93, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yidenekachew J. Donie
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, KIT, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Guillaume Gomard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, KIT, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sisir Yalamanchili
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tsvetelina Merdzhanova
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung 5 (IEK 5)–Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, KIT, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hölscher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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