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Bhadra K, Baleeiro C, Patel S, Condra W, Bader BA, Setser RM, Youngblood S. High Tidal Volume, High Positive End Expiratory Pressure and Apneic Breath Hold Strategies (Lung Navigation Ventilation Protocol) With Cone Beam Computed Tomography Bronchoscopic Biopsy of Peripheral Lung Lesions: Results in 100 Patients. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2024; 31:105-116. [PMID: 37459049 PMCID: PMC10984636 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dedicated anesthesia protocol for bronchoscopic lung biopsy-lung navigation ventilation protocol (LNVP)-specifically designed to mitigate atelectasis and reduce unnecessary respiratory motion, has been recently described. LNVP demonstrated significantly reduced dependent ground glass, sublobar/lobar atelectasis, and atelectasis obscuring target lesions compared with conventional ventilation. METHODS In this retrospective, single-center study, we examine the impact of LNVP on 100 consecutive patients during peripheral lung lesion biopsy. We report the incidence of atelectasis using cone beam computed tomography imaging, observed ventilatory findings, anesthesia medications, and outcomes, including diagnostic yield, radiation exposure, and complications. RESULTS Atelectasis was observed in a minority of subjects: ground glass opacity atelectasis was seen in 30 patients by reader 1 (28%) and in 18 patients by reader 2 (17%), with good agreement between readers (κ = 0.78). Sublobar/lobar atelectasis was observed in 23 patients by reader 1 and 26 patients by reader 2, also demonstrating good agreement (κ = 0.67). Atelectasis obscured target lesions in very few cases: 0 patients (0%, reader 1) and 3 patients (3%, reader 2). Diagnostic yield was 85.9% based on the AQuIRE definition. Pathology demonstrated 57 of 106 lesions (54%) were malignant, 34 lesions (32%) were benign, and 15 lesions (14%) were nondiagnostic. CONCLUSION Cone beam computed tomography images confirmed low rates of atelectasis, high tool-in-lesion confirmation rate, and high diagnostic yield. LNVP has a similar safety profile to conventional bronchoscopy. Most patients will require intravenous fluid and vasopressor support. Further study of LNVP and other ventilation protocols are necessary to understand the impact of ventilation protocols on bronchoscopic peripheral lung biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sloan Youngblood
- American Anesthesia of Tennessee, CHI Memorial Hospital, Chattanooga, TN
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Bhadra K, Setser RM, Condra W, Bader BA, David S. A Cone Beam CT Bronchoscopy Study of the Ultrathin Cryoprobe for Biopsy of Peripheral Lung Lesions. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2024; 31:117-125. [PMID: 37450607 PMCID: PMC10984630 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with the standard cryoprobe, the novel ultrathin 1.1 mm cryoprobe (UTCP) has improved ergonomics, shape memory, and flexibility. The performance of UTCP has demonstrated promising results in several small trials. METHODS In this single-center, retrospective review, we examine 200 (N=200) consecutive patients referred for cone beam CT bronchoscopic biopsy of peripheral lung lesions. We utilized an extended multimodality approach, including transbronchial needle aspirate, brush, traditional forces biopsies, UTCP biopsies, and BAL. We analyzed tool in lesion, tool touch lesion, center strike rates, and diagnostic yield. We assessed for molecular adequacy and analyzed safety. RESULTS A total of 222 lesions were biopsied. We achieved a tool in lesion or tool touch lesion confirmation for all biopsy attempts (100%) and a center strike rate of 68%. AQuIRE diagnostic yield was 90%, with 60% malignant, 30% benign lung nodules, and 10% nondiagnostic. UTCP was diagnostic in 3.6 % of peripheral lung lesions biopsies when all other modalities were nondiagnostic; thus, raising our overall diagnostic yield from 86.4% to 90.1%. Our analysis demonstrates superior adequacy for molecular analysis for histologic samples (TBBX or UTCP) versus cytologic samples (FNA) ( P <0.001). Three patients (1.5%) had a pneumothorax, and 1 patient (0.5%) had moderate bleeding. CONCLUSION UTCP was diagnostic in 3.6% of peripheral lung lesions when all other modalities were nondiagnostic. In the setting of CBCT guidance, UTCP has a similar safety profile to standard biopsy tools. Future trials are warranted to assess UTCP and its impact on peripheral lung lesion biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Bhadra
- CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute, Chattanooga, TN
| | | | - William Condra
- CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute, Chattanooga, TN
| | | | - Stephanie David
- Diagnostic Pathology Services, CHI Memorial Hospital, Chattanooga, TN
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Bhadra
- CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute, Chattanooga, TN
| | - William Condra
- CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute, Chattanooga, TN
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Bhadra K, Setser RM, Condra W, Pritchett MA. Lung Navigation Ventilation Protocol to Optimize Biopsy of Peripheral Lung Lesions. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2022; 29:7-17. [PMID: 33734150 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography-to-body divergence caused by respiratory motion, atelectasis, diaphragmatic motion and other factors is an obstacle to peripheral lung biopsies. We examined a conventional ventilation strategy versus a lung navigation ventilation protocol (LNVP) optimized for intraprocedural 3-dimensional image acquisition and bronchoscopic biopsy of peripheral lung nodules. METHODS A retrospective, single center study was conducted in consecutive subjects with peripheral lung lesions measuring <30 mm. Effects of ventilation strategies including atelectasis and tool-in-lesion confirmation were assessed using cone beam computed tomography images. Diagnostic yield was also evaluated. Complications were assessed through 7 days. RESULTS Fifty subjects were included (25 per group) with 27 nodules in the conventional group and 25 nodules in the LNVP group. Atelectasis was assessed by 2 blinded readers: [reader 1 (R1) and reader 2 (R2)]. Atelectasis was more prevalent in the conventional ventilation group, both for dependent atelectasis (R1: 64% and R2: 68% vs. R1: 36% and R2: 16%, P=0.00014) and sublobar/lobar atelectasis (R1: 48% and R2: 56% vs. R1: 20% and R2: 32%, P=0.01). Similarly, the target lesion was obscured due to atelectasis more often in the conventional ventilation group (R1: 36% and R2: 36% vs. R1: 4% and R2: 8%, P=0.01). Diagnostic yield was 70% for conventional ventilation and 92% for LNVP (P=0.08). CONCLUSION LNVP demonstrated markedly reduced dependent and sublobar/lobar atelectasis and lesions either partially or completely obscured by atelectasis compared with conventional ventilation. Future prospective studies are necessary to understand the impact of protocolized ventilation strategies for bronchoscopic biopsy of peripheral lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Bhadra
- CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute, Chattanooga, TN
| | | | - William Condra
- CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute, Chattanooga, TN
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Shellikeri S, Bai H, Setser RM, Hurst RW, Cahill AM. Association of intracranial arteriovenous malformation embolization with more rapid rate of perfusion in the peri-nidal region on color-coded quantitative digital subtraction angiography. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 12:902-905. [PMID: 32188762 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic alterations post-embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may cause delayed edema/hemorrhage in brain parenchyma adjacent to the lesion. OBJECTIVE To quantify and compare cerebral perfusion changes in the peri-AVM territory pre- and post-embolization using color-coded quantitative digital subtraction angiography (q-DSA). METHODS Pediatric intracranial AVM embolization procedures performed over a 5 year period were included. DSA images of all patients were retrospectively assessed using syngo iFlow. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected on anteroposterior and lateral q-DSA views: three in the peri-AVM region; two in parenchyma distant from the AVM. Time-to-peak (TTP) contrast enhancement of ROIs and ∆TTP (TTP at the selected ROI minus TTP at either the ipsilateral internal carotid/vertebral artery) were measured. RESULT 19 pediatric patients with 19 AVMs (9 males/10 females, mean age 12 years) underwent intracranial AVM embolization: 15/19 AVMs were supplied by the anterior circulation and 4/19 by the posterior circulation. Blood flow was significantly slower post-embolization in the draining vein (19/19) (p<0.01), and the venous sinus outflow (17/19) (p<0.01), by mean difference of 2.01±1.31 s and 1.74±2.04 s. There was significantly increased peri-AVM parenchymal perfusion post-embolization (∆TTP=2.20±0.48 s) compared with pre-embolization (∆TTP=2.52±0.42 s), by an average ∆TTP of 0.33±0.53 s (p=0.014). In contrast, there was no perfusion difference (∆TTP=0.03±0.20 s, p=0.8) between pre- and post-embolization in the distant parenchyma. The size of the AVM was not correlated with change in peri-nidal parenchymal perfusion (r=-0.136, p=0.579). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates more rapid perfusion in the peri-nidal brain parenchyma post-embolization of the AVM, which supports the theory that increased perfusion in normal tissue surrounding the AVM after embolization may underlie some post-procedural complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphoorti Shellikeri
- Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harrison Bai
- Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Robert W Hurst
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne Marie Cahill
- Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Shellikeri S, Setser RM, Vatsky S, Srinivasan A, Krishnamurthy G, Zhu X, Keller MS, Cahill AM. Prospective evaluation of MR overlay on real-time fluoroscopy for percutaneous extremity biopsies of bone lesions visible on MRI but not on CT in children in the interventional radiology suite. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:270-278. [PMID: 29128920 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often provides better visualization of bone marrow abnormalities than computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy, but bone biopsies are usually performed using conventional CT or, more recently, C-arm CT guidance. Biopsies of bone lesions solely visible on MRI are often challenging to localize and require the operator to review the MRI on a separate console to correlate with MRI anatomical landmarks during the biopsy. The MR overlay technique facilitates such biopsies in the angiographic suite by allowing the pre-procedural 3-D MRI to be overlaid on intraprocedural 2-D fluoroscopy. This study describes our initial experience with the MR overlay technique in the angiography suite during pediatric percutaneous extremity bone biopsies of lesions visible on MRI but not on CT or fluoroscopy and demonstrates its utility in relevant clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphoorti Shellikeri
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | | | - Seth Vatsky
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Abhay Srinivasan
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ganesh Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marc S Keller
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anne Marie Cahill
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Suntharos P, Setser RM, Bradley-Skelton S, Prieto LR. Real-time three dimensional CT and MRI to guide interventions for congenital heart disease and acquired pulmonary vein stenosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:1619-1626. [PMID: 28455631 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To validate the feasibility and spatial accuracy of pre-procedural 3D images to 3D rotational fluoroscopy registration to guide interventional procedures in patients with congenital heart disease and acquired pulmonary vein stenosis. Cardiac interventions in patients with congenital and structural heart disease require complex catheter manipulation. Current technology allows registration of the anatomy obtained from 3D CT and/or MRI to be overlaid onto fluoroscopy. Thirty patients scheduled for interventional procedures from 12/2012 to 8/2015 were prospectively recruited. A C-arm CT using a biplane C-arm system (Artis zee, VC14H, Siemens Healthcare) was acquired to enable 3D3D registration with pre-procedural images. Following successful image fusion, the anatomic landmarks marked in pre-procedural images were overlaid on live fluoroscopy. The accuracy of image registration was determined by measuring the distance between overlay markers and a reference point in the image. The clinical utility of the registration was evaluated as either "High", "Medium" or "None". Seventeen patients with congenital heart disease and 13 with acquired pulmonary vein stenosis were enrolled. Accuracy and benefit of registration were not evaluated in two patients due to suboptimal images. The distance between the marker and the actual anatomical location was 0-2 mm in 18 (64%), 2-4 mm in 3 (11%) and >4 mm in 7 (25%) patients. 3D3D registration was highly beneficial in 18 (64%), intermediate in 3 (11%), and not beneficial in 7 (25%) patients. 3D3D registration can facilitate complex congenital and structural interventions. It may reduce procedure time, radiation and contrast dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharapong Suntharos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk M-41, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | | | - Sharon Bradley-Skelton
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk M-41, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Lourdes R Prieto
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk M-41, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Hart S, Devendra G, Kim YY, Flamm SD, Kalahasti S, Arruda J, Walker E, Boonyasiranant T, Bolen M, Setser RM, Krasuski R. PINOT NOIR: Pulmonic INsufficiency imprOvemenT with Nitric Oxide Inhalational Response. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012. [PMCID: PMC3304836 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-14-s1-o73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bolen MA, Setser RM, Gabriel RS, Renapurkar RD, Tandon Y, Lieber ML, Desai MY, Flamm SD. Effect of protocol choice on phase contrast cardiac magnetic resonance flow measurement in the ascending aorta: breath-hold and non-breath-hold. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 29:113-20. [PMID: 22527258 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-012-0047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Flow assessment with phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) protocols is an important component of a comprehensive cardiovascular MR (CMR) assessment. Breath-hold (BH) and non-breath-hold (NBH) PC-MRI protocols are widely available for this imaging modality. Because flow in the great vessels is known to vary with the respiratory cycle, we hypothesized that these 2 approaches might yield different results in the clinical assessment of forward and regurgitant flow in the ascending aorta. Further, given renewed awareness of the possible effect of velocity offsets in PC-MRI, we also sought to evaluate the impact of BH and NBH protocols on this potential source of error. A prospective observational study was performed in 55 consecutive patients referred for clinical CMR of the thoracic aorta. Both BH and NBH protocols were performed at the sinotubular junction and at the mid ascending aorta. Ten additional patients underwent repeated scanning at the mid ascending aorta with both BH and NBH protocols so that protocol variability could be assessed. Finally, ten patients were scanned with both BH and NBH protocols, and phantoms were then imaged with identical imaging parameters so that offset errors associated with each protocol could be evaluated. Forward flow was generally greater with the NBH protocol than with the BH protocol (mean values 102.1 mL vs. 97.9 mL; P = 0.0004). The Bland-Altman limits of agreement were quite wide for all indices (e.g, forward flow, -26.7 mL, +18.2 mL), which suggests that results from BH and NBH protocols cannot be interchanged with confidence. Estimated phase offset errors were similar for both protocols and were generally within acceptable ranges at the mid ascending level, with slightly higher values observed at the sinotubular junction for the BH technique. We observed differences in flow values with BH and NBH protocols for PC-MRI. This finding is relevant to patients imaged serially for the evaluation of cardiac output or valve (aortic or mitral) insufficiency, for whom adherence to one PC-MRI breathing protocol is likely most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bolen
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, J1-4, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Renapurkar RD, Setser RM, O'Donnell TP, Egger J, Lieber ML, Desai MY, Stillman AE, Schoenhagen P, Flamm SD. Aortic volume as an indicator of disease progression in patients with untreated infrarenal abdominal aneurysm. Eur J Radiol 2011; 81:e87-93. [PMID: 21316893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maximal diameter of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and the change in diameter over time reflect rupture risk and are used for surgical planning. However, evidence has emerged that aneurysm volume may be a better indicator of AAA remodeling. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the volume and maximal diameter of the abdominal aorta in patients with untreated infrarenal AAA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 100 patients with infrarenal AAA who were followed for more than 6 months. We examined 2 sets of computed tomography images for each patient, acquired ≥ 6 months apart. The maximal diameter and volume of the infrarenal abdominal aorta were determined by semiautomated segmentation software. RESULTS At baseline, mean maximal infrarenal diameter was 5.1 ± 1.0 cm and mean aortic volume was 139 ± 72 mL. There was good correlation between the maximal diameter and aortic volume at baseline (r(2) = 0.55; P<0.001). The mean change in maximal diameter between studies was 0.2 ± 0.3 cm and the mean volume change was 19 ± 19 mL. However, the correlation between diameter change and volume change was modest (r(2) = 0.34; P=0.001). Most patients (n = 64) had no measurable change in maximal diameter between studies (≤ 2 mm), but the change in volume was found to vary widely (-2 to 69 mL). CONCLUSION In patients with untreated infrarenal AAA, a change in aortic volume can occur in the absence of a significant change in maximal diameter. Additional work is needed to examine the relationship between change in AAA volume and outcomes in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Renapurkar
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Wang H, Kadbi M, Kotys M, Ersoy M, Chatzimavroudis GP, Setser RM, Alshaher M, Fischer SE, Amini AA. Orthogonal CSPAMM (OCSPAMM) MR tagging for imaging ventricular wall motion. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2011; 2011:535-538. [PMID: 22254366 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the ability to directly and non-invasively alter tissue magnetization and produce tags on the deforming tissue [1], [2]. Since its development, the Spatial Modulation of Magnetization (SPAMM) [2] tagging pulse sequence has been widely available and is the most commonly used technique for producing sinusoidal tag patterns. However, SPAMM suffers from tag fading which occurs in the later phases of the cardiac cycle. Complementary SPAMM (CSPAMM) was introduced to solve this problem by acquiring and subtracting two SPAMM images [3]. The drawback of CSPAMM is that it results in doubling of the acquisition time. In this paper, we propose a novel pulse sequence, termed Orthogonal CSPAMM (OCSAPMM), which results in the same acquisition time as SPAMM for 2D deformation estimation while keeping the advantages of CSPAMM. Different from CSPAMM, in OCSPAMM the second tagging pulse orientation is rotated 90 degrees relative to the first one so that motion information can be obtained simultaneously in two directions. A cardiac motion phantom, which independently models cardiac wall thickening and rotation in the human heart was used to show the effectiveness of the proposed pulse sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Boonyasirinant T, Rajiah P, Setser RM, Lieber ML, Lever HM, Desai MY, Flamm SD. Reply. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Setser RM, Kotys M, Bolen MA, Muthupillai R, Flamm SD. High resolution imaging of the right ventricle using ZOOM MRI. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-12-s1-m8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Boonyasirinant T, Setser RM, Desai MY, Flamm SD. Impact of Myocardial Fibrosis on Systolic Strain and Diastolic Performance Quantified by Myocardial Tagging and Velocity Encoded MRI in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boonyasirinant T, Rajiah P, Setser RM, Lieber ML, Lever HM, Desai MY, Flamm SD. Aortic Stiffness Is Increased in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Myocardial Fibrosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:255-62. [PMID: 19589439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thananya Boonyasirinant
- Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Kwon DH, Smedira NG, Popovic ZB, Lytle BW, Setser RM, Thamilarasan M, Schoenhagen P, Flamm SD, Lever HM, Desai MY. Steep left ventricle to aortic root angle and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: study of a novel association using three-dimensional multimodality imaging. Heart 2009; 95:1784-91. [PMID: 19549621 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.166777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) exhibit a difference in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, independently of basal septal thickness (BST). Some patients with HCM have a steeper left ventricle to aortic root angle than controls. OBJECTIVE To test the predictors of the LV-aortic root angle and the association between LV-aortic root angle and LVOT obstruction using three-dimensional imaging. PATIENTS 153 consecutive patients with HCM (mean (SD) age 46 (14) years, 68% men) and 62 patients with hypertensive heart disease of the elderly (all >65 years of age, 73 (6) years, 34% men) who underwent whole-heart three-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) angiography (1.5 T) and Doppler echocardiography. Forty-two controls (age 43 (11) years, 38% men) who underwent contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography and were free of cardiovascular pathology were also studied. MAIN OUTCOMES LV-aortic root angle, BST and maximal non-exercise LVOT gradient were measured in patients with HCM and in hypertensive-elderly patients. Additionally, LV-aortic root angle and BST were measured in controls. RESULTS The mean (SD) LV-aortic root angle was significantly different (p<0.001) in the three groups: HCM (134 (10) degrees ), hypertensive-elderly (128 (10) degrees ), control (140 (7) degrees ). There was an inverse correlation between age and LV-aortic root angle in the three groups (all p<0.001): HCM (r = -0.56), hypertensive-elderly (r = -0.35), control (r = -0.48). On univariate analysis, in the HCM group, LV-aortic root angle (beta = -0.34, p<0.001), age (beta = 0.23, p = 0.01) and end-systolic volume index (beta = -0.20, p = 0.02), but not BST (beta = 0.02, p = 0.8), were associated with LVOT gradient. On multivariate analysis, only LV-aortic root angle was associated with LVOT gradient. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HCM have a steeper LV-aortic root angle than controls. In patients with HCM, a steeper LV-aortic root angle predicts dynamic LVOT obstruction, independently of BST.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kwon
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Boonyasirinant T, Setser RM, Desai MY, Flamm SD. Impaired aortic distensibility determined by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with different bicuspid aortic valve phenotypes. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009. [PMCID: PMC7860772 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-s1-o71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kwon DH, Smedira NG, Popovic ZB, Lytle BW, Setser RM, Thamilarasan M, Schoenhagen P, Flamm SD, Lever H, Desai MY. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients have a steep left ventricle to aortic root angle compared to normal as demonstrated on 3-D Tomographic Imaging: a case-control study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009. [PMCID: PMC7860710 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-s1-p143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kwon DH, Smedira NG, Popovic ZB, Lytle BW, Setser RM, Thamilarasan M, Schoenhagen P, Flamm SD, Lever H, Desai MY. Steep left ventricle to aortic root angle is independently associated with dynamic left ventricular outflow tract gradient in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a novel association using 3-dimensional multi-modality imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009. [PMCID: PMC7852498 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-s1-p197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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O'Grady C, Chatzimavroudis GP, Lakkadi NSR, Srinivas S, Setser RM. 2088 Effect of spatial resolution on measurement of aortic compliance using MRI. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-10-s1-a357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Bexell D, Setser RM, Schoenhagen P, Lieber ML, Brener SJ, Ivanc TB, Balazs EM, O' Donnell TP, Stillman AE, Arheden H, Wagner GS, White RD. Influence of coronary artery stenosis severity and coronary collateralization on extent of chronic myocardial scar: insights from quantitative coronary angiography and delayed-enhancement MRI. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2008; 2:79-86. [PMID: 19337359 PMCID: PMC2627523 DOI: 10.2174/1874192400802010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, the relationship between coronary artery lesion severity and myocardial scarring is unknown.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between proximal coronary artery stenosis severity, the amount of coronary collateralization, and myocardial scar extent in the distal distribution of the affected coronary artery based on both quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DE–MRI). Methods: Thirty-four patients (26 males, 8 females; age range: 35-86 years) with a coronary artery containing a single, proximal stenosis ≥30% by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) underwent DE-MRI. The relationship between stenosis severity, collateralization, and myocardial scar morphology (area, transmurality and patchiness) was examined using linear mixed-model ANCOVA. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between stenosis severity and scar extent (r=0.53, p<0.01). Patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses (≥70%) exhibited significantly greater collateralization (p<0.05) and scar extent (p<0.01) than patients with <70% stenosis. However, scarring was often found in patients with stenoses <70%. Also, greater stenosis severity (93±14%) and mean scar extent (41±35%) were found in patients with collaterals than in patients without collaterals (diameter stenosis 48±10%, p<0.01) (scar extent 19±29%, p=0.01). Conclusions: Using QCA and DE-MRI, we demonstrate a significant relationship between coronary artery stenosis severity and myocardial scar extent, in the absence of a documented history of acute infarction. The relationship likely reflects increasing ischemia leading to scar formation in the range of angiographically significant stenosis. However, in the absence of collateralization, scar was observed without significant stenosis, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bexell
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Clinical Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Kwon DH, Setser RM, Popović ZB, Thamilarasan M, Sola S, Schoenhagen P, Garcia MJ, Flamm SD, Lever HM, Desai MY. Association of myocardial fibrosis, electrocardiography and ventricular tachyarrhythmia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a delayed contrast enhanced MRI study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2008; 24:617-25. [PMID: 18204915 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-008-9292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are predisposed to ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT); likely due to myocardial fibrosis or disarray. Delayed hyperenhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DHE-MRI) accurately detects myocardial fibrosis (scar). We sought to determine the association between septal thickness, myocardial scar and VT. METHODS Sixty-eight patients (mean age 44 years, 69% males) with documented HCM underwent cine MRI (Siemens Sonata or Avanto 1.5 T scanner, Erlangen, Germany) in short axis, 2, 3 and 4-chamber views and maximal interventricular septal thickness was recorded at end-diastole. Corresponding DHE-MR images (8-10 mm thick) were obtained, approximately 20 min after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg of Gadolinium. Scar was determined semi-automatically (as % of total myocardium) using VPT software (Siemens) and defined as intensity >2 SD above viable myocardium in a 12 segment short-axis model at apex, mid LV and base. Presence of VT (documented on ambulatory ECG monitoring) and history of sudden death were recorded. RESULTS One patient had a history of sudden death and 9 (13%) had VT on ambulatory ECG monitoring. On DHE-MRI, 39 (57%) patients had myocardial scar. Patients with VT had significantly higher scar %, compared to those without: 14% [6, 19] vs. 6% [0, 10], P = 0.01. On logistic regression, only the size of the scar was a significant predictor of VT (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS HCM subjects with VT have a higher % of myocardial scarring noted on DHE-MRI, independent of septal thickness or beta-blocker use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Kwon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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23
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Setser RM, Smedira NG, Lieber ML, Sabo ED, White RD. Left ventricular torsional mechanics after left ventricular reconstruction surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134:888-96. [PMID: 17903502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surgical left ventricular reconstruction improves symptoms and potentially prognosis in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy; however, the effects of reconstruction on myocardial mechanics are not well defined. Therefore, we have computed left ventricular rotation and torsion in patients undergoing left ventricular reconstruction to determine its effects on these quantitative measures of myocardial mechanics. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging with tissue grid-tagging was performed in 26 patients (19 male/7 female, 62 +/- 11 years) (mean +/- standard deviation) before (23 +/- 29 days) and after (231 +/- 106 days) left ventricular reconstruction, as well as in 7 healthy volunteers (5 male/2 female, 34 +/- 7 years). Left ventricular rotation was computed at basal and apical short-axis levels; torsion was defined as the difference between apical and basal rotation. RESULTS Before left ventricular reconstruction, maximal apical rotation was significantly impaired relative to that of healthy volunteers (P = .001), although maximal basal rotation was preserved (P = .84). After reconstruction, maximal torsion did not change significantly: torsion was 6 degrees +/- 3 degrees both before and after reconstruction (P = .84). However, the rate of early diastolic untwist improved significantly after reconstruction (-18 degrees/s +/- 13 degrees/s vs -23 degrees/s +/- 14 degrees/s; P = .04). Furthermore, patients with relatively worse torsion before reconstruction demonstrated more improved function after reconstruction; patients with torsion of less than 6 degrees (n = 12) showed greater improvement in ejection fraction (15% vs 6%; P = .005), torsion (1 degrees vs -1 degrees; P = .01), and diastolic untwist (-9 degrees/s vs -25 degrees/s; P < .001) than did patients with torsion of 6 degrees or more (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS Torsional mechanics were severely impaired by ischemic cardiomyopathy. On average, left ventricular reconstruction did not affect systolic torsion generation significantly; however, patients with relatively worse torsion did show improvement. Furthermore, the rate of untwist improved after surgery, suggesting that diastolic function was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph M Setser
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Kwon DH, Setser RM, Thamilarasan M, Popovic ZV, Smedira NG, Schoenhagen P, Garcia MJ, Lever HM, Desai MY. Abnormal papillary muscle morphology is independently associated with increased left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart 2007; 94:1295-301. [PMID: 17690158 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2007.118018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal papillary muscles (PM) are often found in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between morphological alterations of PM in patients with HCM and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography. METHODS Fifty-six patients with HCM (mean age 42 years (interquartile range 27, 51), 70% male) and 30 controls (mean age (42 (30, 53) years, 80% male) underwent MRI on a 1.5 T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Standard cine images were obtained in short-axis (base to apex), along with two-, three- and four-chamber views. The presence of bifid PM (none, one or both) and anteroapical displacement of anterolateral PM was recorded by MRI and correlated with resting LVOT gradients obtained by echocardiography. RESULTS Double bifid PM (70% vs 17%) and anteroapical displacement of anterolateral PM (77% vs 17%) were more prevalent in patients with HCM than in controls (p<0.001). Subjects with anteroapically displaced PM and double bifid PM had higher resting LVOT gradients than controls (45 (6, 81) vs 12 (0, 12) mm Hg (p<0.01) and 42 (6, 64) vs 11 (0, 17) mm Hg (p = 0.02), respectively. In patients with HCM, the odds ratio of having significant (>or=30 mm Hg) peak resting gradient was 7.1 (95% CI 1.4 to 36.7) for anteroapically displaced anterolateral PM and 10.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 91.2) for double bifid PM (both p = 0.005), independent of septal thickness, use of beta-blockers and/or calcium blockers and resting heart rate. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HCM with abnormal PM have a higher degree of resting LVOT gradient, which is independent of septal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kwon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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25
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Carmichael BB, Setser RM, Stillman AE, Lieber ML, Smedira NG, McCarthy PM, Starling RC, Young JB, Weaver JA, Lawrence AG, White RD. Effects of Surgical Ventricular Restoration on Left Ventricular Function: Dynamic MR Imaging. Radiology 2006; 241:710-7. [PMID: 17114621 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2413051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate with dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the changes in global and regional left ventricular (LV) function after surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) performed in chronic ischemic heart disease patients with large nonaneurysmal or aneurysmal postmyocardial infarction zones. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed with institutional review board approval, and a waiver of individual informed consent was obtained. The study was HIPAA compliant. Patients (83 men, 22 women; mean age, 61 years +/- 9 [standard deviation]) were evaluated with MR imaging before and after SVR as follows: pre-SVR examination (n = 105; 25 days +/- 39 before SVR; median, 7 days; range, 1-189 days), early post-SVR examination (n = 95, 7 days +/- 3 after SVR), and late post-SVR (n = 35, 313 days +/- 158 after SVR). Cine MR imaging allowed calculation of ejection fraction and rate-corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf(C)) for global LV functional evaluation, whereas tagged MR imaging (spatial modulation of magnetization with harmonic phase analysis) permitted assessment of regional circumferential strain (E(C)) with coronary distribution. Vcf(C) and E(C) were computed at both LV base- and mid-LV short-axis levels remote from the site of anteroapical SVR. RESULTS Prior to SVR, LV dilatation and diminished global and regional LV function were observed. At early post-SVR examination, Vcf(C) had improved significantly but E(C) showed a worsening trend overall, although only E(C )of the right coronary artery at the mid-LV level worsened significantly. At late post-SVR examination, Vcf(C) values were improved when compared with pre-SVR values, although E(C) showed no statistically significant improvement. When compared with that at early post-SVR examination, however, E(C) showed significant improvement in two segments: left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery at mid-LV level. CONCLUSION Although volume-based indexes of global LV function improve significantly after SVR, regional LV function did not improve significantly; there was evidence of continued LV remodeling after SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett B Carmichael
- Center for Integrated Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging of the Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Desk Hb6, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Venkatachari AK, Halliburton SS, Setser RM, White RD, Chatzimavroudis GP. Noninvasive quantification of fluid mechanical energy losses in the total cavopulmonary connection with magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping. Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 25:101-9. [PMID: 17222721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A major determinant of the success of surgical vascular modifications, such as the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), is the energetic efficiency that is assessed by calculating the mechanical energy loss of blood flow through the new connection. Currently, however, to determine the energy loss, invasive pressure measurements are necessary. Therefore, this study evaluated the feasibility of the viscous dissipation (VD) method, which has the potential to provide the energy loss without the need for invasive pressure measurements. Two experimental phantoms, a U-shaped tube and a glass TCPC, were scanned in a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scanner and the images were used to construct computational models of both geometries. MR phase velocity mapping (PVM) acquisitions of all three spatial components of the fluid velocity were made in both phantoms and the VD was calculated. VD results from MR PVM experiments were compared with VD results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on the image-based computational models. The results showed an overall agreement between MR PVM and CFD. There was a similar ascending tendency in the VD values as the image spatial resolution increased. The most accurate computations of the energy loss were achieved for a CFD grid density that was too high for MR to achieve under current MR system capabilities (in-plane pixel size of less than 0.4 mm). Nevertheless, the agreement between the MR PVM and the CFD VD results under the same resolution settings suggests that the VD method implemented with a clinical imaging modality such as MR has good potential to quantify the energy loss in vascular geometries such as the TCPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Venkatachari
- Laboratory of Biofluid Mechanics and Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115-2425, USA
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Setser RM, Kim JK, Chung YC, Chen K, Stillman AE, Loeffler R, Simonetti OP, Weaver JA, Lieber ML, White RD. Cine Delayed-Enhancement MR Imaging of the Heart: Initial Experience. Radiology 2006; 239:856-62. [PMID: 16641338 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2393050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed by using an institutional review board-approved protocol, with waived informed consent and HIPAA compliance. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily evaluate a cine delayed-enhancement (DE) pulse sequence for depiction of wall motion and myocardial scar extent during a single acquisition. The technique is based on inversion-recovery single-shot balanced steady-state free precession magnetic resonance imaging. Cine DE images were acquired in 26 patients (18 men, eight women; age range, 25-84 years; mean age, 61 years+/-13 [standard deviation]). Image contrast was consistent throughout each series. Overall (ie, with both readers' scores averaged), the cine DE imaging-depicted wall motion was scored correctly in 71% of myocardial segments. Scar extent was scored correctly in 76% of segments; in no patient was scarring missed. Cine DE imaging is a promising technique for simultaneous visualization of wall motion and myocardial scar extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph M Setser
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Division of Radiology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Desk HB6, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Kolipaka A, Chatzimavroudis GP, White RD, O'Donnell TP, Setser RM. Segmentation of non-viable myocardium in delayed enhancement magnetic resonance images. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2006; 21:303-11. [PMID: 16015446 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-004-5806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate six algorithms for segmenting non-viable left ventricular (LV) myocardium in delayed enhancement (DE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Twenty-three patients with known chronic ischemic heart disease underwent DE-MRI. DE images were first manually thresholded using an interactive region-filling tool to isolate non-viable myocardium. Then, six thresholding algorithms, based on the image intensity characteristics of either LV blood pool (BP), viable LV myocardium, or both, were applied to each image. For the Mean-2SD(BP) algorithm, thresholds were equal to the mean BP intensity minus twice its standard deviation. For the Mean + 2SD(Semi), Mean + 3SD(Semi), Mean + 2SD(Auto), and Mean + 3SD(Auto) algorithms, thresholds equaled the mean intensity of viable myocardium plus twice (or thrice, as denoted by the name) the standard deviation of intensity (subscripts denote how these values were determined: automatic or semi-automatic). For the Minimum Intensity algorithm, the threshold equaled the minimum intensity between the BP and LV myocardium mean intensities. Percent Scar was defined as the ratio of non-viable to total myocardial pixels in each image. Agreement between each algorithm and manual thresholding was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Mean Percent Scar was 25 +/- 16% by manual thresholding. Five of the six algorithms demonstrated mean bias within +/-3% (all except Mean+2SD(Auto)); however, limits of agreement (LoA) were large in general (range 12-36%). The best overall agreement was demonstrated by the Mean + 2SD(Semi) (bias, 0%; LoA, 12%) and Mean + 3SD(Semi)(bias, -3%; LoA, 14%) algorithms. CONCLUSION On average, five of the six algorithms proved satisfactory for clinical implementation; however, in some images, manual correction of automatic results was necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunark Kolipaka
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Division of Radiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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29
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Setser RM, O'Donnell TP, Smedira NG, Sabik JF, Halliburton SS, Stillman AE, White RD. Coregistered MR Imaging Myocardial Viability Maps and Multi–Detector Row CT Coronary Angiography Displays for Surgical Revascularization Planning: Initial Experience. Radiology 2005; 237:465-73. [PMID: 16244254 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2372040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate assignment of left ventricular (LV) myocardial segments to coronary arterial territories by using coregistered magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) displays; to assess the accuracy of coregistered displays in determining the distribution of clinically important coronary artery disease (CAD) and regional effect of CAD on LV myocardium in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD); and to determine the utility of coregistered displays in optimizing surgical revascularization planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was HIPAA compliant and was approved by the local Institutional Review Board, with waiver of informed consent. Twenty-six patients (19 men, seven women; age, 56 years +/- 12 [+/- standard deviation]) with CIHD underwent MR imaging assessment of myocardial viability and multi-detector row CT assessment of CAD on the same day. For coregistration, a population-based LV model was fit to each data set separately; models were then registered spatially. For data analysis, correspondence between coregistered displays and the 17-segment LV model for assessment of CIHD was evaluated, accuracy of using coregistered displays to evaluate the extent of CAD and myocardial disease was assessed, and utility of coregistered displays in optimizing surgical revascularization planning was determined. RESULTS Coronary assignment for coregistered displays and the 17-segment LV model differed in 17% of myocardial segments. For the majority of patients, three segments (midanterolateral [62%], apical lateral [73%], and apical inferior [58%]) were discordant. Segments were supplied by the left anterior descending artery, a diagonal branch, or a ramus intermedius with diagonal distribution in all but one case. Coregistered displays were deemed concordant with selective coronary angiography and alternate myocardial imaging in all cases. Overall, surgical planning was potentially enhanced in 83% of cases because, compared with alternate imaging modalities, coregistered displays were believed to demonstrate the relationship between coronary arteries and underlying myocardial tissue more definitively and efficiently (for patients in whom surgery was performed) or more correctly and comprehensively (for a presumably better-tailored surgery). CONCLUSION Assessment of CIHD can be improved by using coregistered displays that directly relate the condition of LV myocardium to the anatomy of the coronary arteries in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph M Setser
- Department of Radiology, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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30
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Setser RM, Chung YC, Weaver JA, Stillman AE, Simonetti OP, White RD. Effect of inversion time on delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging with and without phase-sensitive reconstruction. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 21:650-5. [PMID: 15834903 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the consistency and inversion time (TI) independence of phase-sensitive reconstruction (PSIR) delayed-enhancement (DE) MRI in a clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mid-ventricular short-axis DE images were acquired in 25 patients using three TIs: 1) optimized to null viable myocardium, 2) 50 msec less than optimal TI, and 3) 50 msec greater than optimal TI. At each TI, images were acquired with PSIR and without magIR. In each image, percent scar was computed as the ratio of nonviable to total pixels in the left ventricle (LV). RESULTS In the magIR images, percent scar was 23% +/- 15% (optimal), 11% +/- 11% (short), and 22% +/- 15% (long). In PSIR images, percent scar was 25% +/- 15% (optimal), 22% +/- 15% (short), and 22% +/- 14% (long). Percent scar was significantly underestimated in magIR images with short TI, but no statistically significant difference in percent scar was observed at the optimal or long TIs. CONCLUSION DE-MRI is a robust imaging technique for clinical use. PSIR provided consistent image quality independently of TI, at least over the range of TIs evaluated in this study. However, neither image quality nor scar appearance in the PSIR images was significantly different from that in the magIR images when TI was at or above the null point of viable myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph M Setser
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Division of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Notomi Y, Lysyansky P, Setser RM, Shiota T, Popović ZB, Martin-Miklovic MG, Weaver JA, Oryszak SJ, Greenberg NL, White RD, Thomas JD. Measurement of ventricular torsion by two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:2034-41. [PMID: 15963406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the accuracy/consistency of a novel ultrasound speckle tracking imaging (STI) method for left ventricular torsion (LVtor) measurement in comparison with tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (a time-domain method similar to STI) and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) (a velocity-based approach). BACKGROUND Left ventricular torsion from helically oriented myofibers is a key parameter of cardiac performance but is difficult to measure. Ultrasound STI is potentially suitable for measurement of angular motion because of its angle-independence. METHODS We acquired basal and apical short-axis left ventricular (LV) images in 15 patients to estimate LVtor by STI and compare it with tagged MRI and DTI. Left ventricular torsion was defined as the net difference of LV rotation at the basal and apical planes. For the STI analysis, we used high-frame (104 +/- 12 frames/s) second harmonic two-dimensional images. RESULTS Data on 13 of 15 patients were usable for STI analysis, and LVtor profile estimated by STI strongly correlated with those by tagged MRI (y = 0.95x + 0.19, r = 0.93, p < 0.0001, analyzed by repeated-measures regression models). The STI torsional velocity profile also correlated well with that by the DTI method (y = 0.79x + 2.4, r = 0.76, p < 0.0001, by repeated-measures regression models) with acceptable bias. CONCLUSIONS The STI estimation of LVtor is concordant with those analyzed by tagged MRI (data derived from tissue displacement) and also showed good agreement with those by DTI (data derived from tissue velocity). Ultrasound STI is a promising new method to assess LV torsional deformation and may make the assessment more available in clinical and research cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Notomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Kolipaka A, Chatzimavroudis GP, White RD, Lieber ML, Setser RM. Relationship Between the Extent of Non-viable Myocardium and Regional Left Ventricular Function in Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2005; 7:573-9. [PMID: 15959970 DOI: 10.1081/jcmr-200060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the relationship between left ventricular (LV) regional contractile function and the extent of myocardial scar in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and multi-vessel coronary artery disease. METHODS Twenty-three patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and 5 healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In patients, the relative area (Percent Scar) and transmural extent (Transmurality) of myocardial infarction were computed from short-axis delayed enhancement images. In each image, myocardial segments were categorized based on the extent of infarction they contained, with 6 categories each for Percent Scar and Transmurality: normal, from healthy volunteers; and 0%; 1-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, and > 76% from patients. In patients and volunteers, regional LV function was quantified by absolute systolic wall thickening from cine images and midwall circumferential strain using tagged images. RESULTS Compared to normal segments, regional LV function in patients was significantly diminished in all scar extent intervals, with wall thickening < or = 1 mm and strain > or = -8% for all categories. Systolic wall thickening was reduced significantly in all categories above 50% Percent Scar and above 25% Transmurality in patients, relative to corresponding 0% categories. Circumferential strain was significantly reduced above 25% Percent Scar and above 25% Transmurality. CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and multi-vessel coronary artery disease, wall thickening was more sensitive to changes in scar Transmurality than to changes in Percent Scar. However, circumferential strain was equally sensitive to both indices. In general, circumferential strain was more sensitive than wall thickening to increases in scar extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunark Kolipaka
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Division of Radiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Notomi Y, Setser RM, Shiota T, Martin-Miklovic MG, Weaver JA, Popović ZB, Yamada H, Greenberg NL, White RD, Thomas JD. Assessment of Left Ventricular Torsional Deformation by Doppler Tissue Imaging. Circulation 2005; 111:1141-7. [PMID: 15738351 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000157151.10971.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Left ventricular (LV) torsional deformation is a sensitive index for LV performance but difficult to measure. The present study tested the accuracy of a novel method that uses Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) for quantifying LV torsion in humans with tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference.
Methods and Results—
Twenty patients underwent DTI and tagged MRI studies. Images of the LV were acquired at apical and basal short-axis levels to assess LV torsion. We calculated LV rotation by integrating the rotational velocity, determined from DTI velocities of the septal and lateral regions, and correcting for the LV radius over time. LV torsion was defined as the difference in LV rotation between the 2 levels. DTI rotational and torsional profiles throughout systole and diastole were compared with those by tagged MRI at isochronal points. Rotation and torsion by DTI were closely correlated with tagged MRI results during systole and early diastole (apical and basal rotation,
r
=0.87 and 0.90, respectively; for torsion, 0.84;
P
<0.0001, by repeated-measures regression models). Maximal torsion showed even better correlation (
r
=0.95,
P
<0.0001).
Conclusions—
The present study has shown that DTI can quantify LV torsional deformation over time. This novel method may facilitate noninvasive quantification of LV torsion in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Notomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Notomi Y, Setser RM, Shiota T, Martin-Miklovic MG, Kasper JM, Popovic ZB, Yamada H, Deserranno DG, Greenberg NL, Garcia MJ, White RD, Thomas JD. 866-3 Assessment of left ventricular torsional deformation by doppler tissue imaging: A validation study using tagged magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(04)91576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Setser RM, White RD, Sturm B, McCarthy PM, Starling RC, Young JB, Kasper J, Buda T, Obuchowski N, Lieber ML. Noninvasive assessment of cardiac mechanics and clinical outcome after partial left ventriculectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76:1576-85; discussion 1585-6. [PMID: 14602289 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) was developed as a therapy for end-stage heart failure, but results were variable with few a priori predictors of outcome. Little is known about its effects on myocardial mechanics and their relation to clinical outcome. METHODS Twenty-four dilated cardiomyopathy patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before PLV, and 3 and 12 months after surgery. Left ventricular (LV) circumferential shortening and wall stress were computed at three short-axis levels. Exploratory outcome analysis grouped patients according to the timing of adverse cardiac events postsurgery. RESULTS LV mass and volume were decreased at each postsurgical time point (all p < 0.01). At 3 months, regional wall stress was reduced at all short-axis levels; but by 12 months stress was reduced from baseline only at the apex. Circumferential shortening was increased significantly at both postsurgical time points at each level. On average, septal shortening was negative (stretching) before surgery, but increased significantly, and was positive, postsurgery. Exploratory outcome analysis found that negative values of basal septum circumferential shortening before surgery increased the probability of event-free survival beyond 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Regional heterogeneity of LV myocardial function, associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, was diminished after PLV but was also related to patient outcome. MRI with tissue tagging is useful for assessing the efficacy of surgical therapies for congestive heart failure.
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Setser RM, Bexell DG, O'Donnell TP, Stillman AE, Lieber ML, Schoenhagen P, White RD. Quantitative assessment of myocardial scar in delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18:434-41. [PMID: 14508780 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the extent and distribution of left ventricular myocardial scar in delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Delayed enhancement images from 18 patients were categorized into three groups based on myocardial scar appearance: discrete myocardial infarction (N = 10), diffuse fibrosis (N = 4), and circumferential endocardial scarring (N = 4). Images were segmented manually by two observers (twice by one observer) to identify nonviable myocardium. Scar was characterized by the following morphologic parameters: the relative area of nonviable myocardium (Percent Scar); a measure of scar cohesion (Patchiness); and the extent to which scar traversed the ventricle wall (Trans>50). RESULTS The three scar parameters successfully discriminated between patient groups, although no one parameter was able to differentiate between all groups. The average bias between readers was approximately 3% for each parameter, and the average bias between repeated measurements was 1%. In addition, five patients exhibited regions of nonhyperenhanced nonviable myocardium that were expected to show hyperenhancement based upon their location within the infarct zone and appearance on cine images. CONCLUSION Quantitative characterization of myocardial scar showed good interobserver and intraobserver agreement. However, the appearance of nonhyperenhanced scar in chronic ischemia is problematic for segmentation of delayed enhancement images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph M Setser
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Section, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Setser RM, Kasper JM, Lieber ML, Starling RC, McCarthy PM, White RD. Persistent abnormal left ventricular systolic torsion in dilated cardiomyopathy after partial left ventriculectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:48-55. [PMID: 12878938 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)00050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rotation of the left ventricular apex relative to the base, or left ventricular torsion, is related to myocardial contractility and structure and is a sensitive indicator of cardiac dysfunction. We have quantified left ventricular systolic rotation and torsion in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy before and after partial left ventriculectomy in an attempt to characterize the effects of this surgical procedure on ventricular ejection mechanics. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging with tissue tagging was performed before partial left ventriculectomy in 24 patients, 9 of whom underwent repeat imaging 3 months after surgery. Left ventricular rotation was quantified in each patient at three short-axis levels: apex, midventricle, and base. Torsion was defined as the difference between basal and apical rotation at any time. Results were subdivided for regional analysis at each level and related to cardiac function (ejection fraction, cardiac index, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening). RESULTS Before surgery, left ventricular rotation was regionally heterogeneous and abnormal in magnitude and pattern, and increased end-systolic torsion was associated with better cardiac function. After surgery, clinical indices of cardiac function showed improvement; however, rotation magnitude was unchanged at the apex and reduced at the base and midventricle, particularly in the anterior wall and septum. CONCLUSIONS The pattern and magnitude of ventricular rotation were impaired by dilated cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular rotation and torsion were further diminished after partial left ventriculectomy, indicating that improvement in clinical indices of cardiac function was not reflective of an improvement in this measure of myocardial mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph M Setser
- Department of Radiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Abstract
Integrated imaging, using multidetector computed tomography-based coronary computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging myocardial-viability maps, can help to noninvasively provide information about the morphologic and physiologic significance of obstructive and nonobstructive coronary lesions. Lesion characteristics and the presence or absence of collaterals beyond an occlusive coronary arterial lesion can be assessed in relation to the size and distribution of the resulting myocardial necrosis, thereby improving understanding of the association between atherosclerotic lesion development and subsequent myocardial damage. To this end, coregistered displays can be produced to permit establishment of the direct spatial relationship between a specific coronary artery system anatomy and specific myocardial regions of the left ventricle under consideration for treatment in an individual patient. Consequently, additional insights about the appropriateness of and/or approach to revascularization of specific myocardial regions can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D White
- Department of Radiology, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Setser RM, Sayre K, Flacke S, Chia J, Lunn K, Lorenz CH. Assessment of ventricular contractility during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging examinations using normalized maximal ventricular power. Ann Biomed Eng 2001; 29:974-82. [PMID: 11791680 DOI: 10.1114/1.1415530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Normalized maximal ventricular power (nPWRmax) is an index of cardiac function which measures the innate blood pumping ability, or contractility, of the left ventricle (LV), and its noninvasive assessment could prove useful in a variety of patients. nPWRmax is defined as the maximum instantaneous product of LV pressure and the rate of change of LV volume, divided by the end diastolic volume squared. We have quantified nPWRmax noninvasively in humans by pairing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) LV volume measurements with aortic pressure estimated using radial artery tonometry and a frequency domain transfer function. In healthy volunteers undergoing cardiac MRI we have tested the sensitivity of nPWRmax to LV contractility with dobutamine and to cardiac loading with methoxamine, a vasoconstrictor. We have found that aortic pressures can be reliably estimated using a transfer function, which we generated and validated in a group of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Furthermore, we found that nPWRmax was unchanged by methoxamine, yet sensitive to contractility, with a 325% increase at dobutamine levels half that given during routine clinical cardiac stress tests for ischemia. In conclusion, we have shown that ventricular contractility can be assessed independent of cardiac loading in patients during routine noninvasive cardiac imaging examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Setser
- Cardiovascular Division, Barnes-Jewish Hospital at Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Abstract
The application of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to cardiac imaging is particularly attractive because current MR examinations of left ventricular (LV) function can be prohibitively long and are dependent on electrocardiographic triggering. We conducted a study of the minimum spatial and temporal resolution requirements necessary for real-time ventricular function MR imaging to quantify LV volumes accurately, both at resting conditions and during cardiac stress tests. In addition, we implemented a real-time segmented echoplanar imaging pulse sequence and used it to quantify LV volume in 10 healthy volunteers. We compared these results with those obtained using conventional gradient-echo cine imaging and found good agreement throughout the cardiac cycle (mean difference -0.8 +/- 10.6 ml). In conclusion, real-time cardiac MR imaging can be used to quantify LV volumes accurately throughout the cardiac cycle, over the physiologic range of heart rates, thereby decreasing the time required for a complete functional cardiac examination. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:430-438.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Setser
- Cardiovascular Division, Barnes-Jewish Hospital at Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Flacke
- Center for Cardiovascular MR, Cardiovascular Division, Barnes-Jewish Hospital at Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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