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Azushima K, Kovalik JP, Yamaji T, Ching J, Chng TW, Guo J, Liu JJ, Nguyen M, Sakban RB, George SE, Tan PH, Lim SC, Gurley SB, Coffman TM. Abnormal lactate metabolism is linked to albuminuria and kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2023; 104:1135-1149. [PMID: 37843477 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by abnormal kidney energy metabolism, but its causes and contributions to DN pathogenesis are not clear. To examine this issue, we carried out targeted metabolomics profiling in a mouse model of DN that develops kidney disease resembling the human disorder. We found a distinct profile of increased lactate levels and impaired energy metabolism in kidneys of mice with DN, and treatment with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) reduced albuminuria, attenuated kidney pathology and corrected many metabolic abnormalities, restoring levels of lactate toward normal while increasing kidney ATP content. We also found enhanced expression of lactate dehydrogenase isoforms in DN. Expression of both the LdhA and LdhB isoforms were significantly increased in kidneys of mice, and treatment with ARB significantly reduced their expression. Single-cell sequencing studies showed specific up-regulation of LdhA in the proximal tubule, along with enhanced expression of oxidative stress pathways. There was a significant correlation between albuminuria and lactate in mice, and also in a Southeast Asian patient cohort consisting of individuals with type 2 diabetes and impaired kidney function. In the individuals with diabetes, this association was independent of ARB and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use. Furthermore, urinary lactate levels predicted the clinical outcomes of doubling of serum creatinine or development of kidney failure, and there was a significant correlation between urinary lactate levels and biomarkers of tubular injury and epithelial stress. Thus, we suggest that kidney metabolic disruptions leading to enhanced generation of lactate contribute to the pathogenesis of DN and increased urinary lactate levels may be a potential biomarker for risk of kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Azushima
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tze Wei Chng
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jing Guo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mien Nguyen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rashidah Binte Sakban
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Simi E George
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Gurley SB, Ghosh S, Johnson SA, Azushima K, Sakban RB, George SE, Maeda M, Meyer TW, Coffman TM. Inflammation and Immunity Pathways Regulate Genetic Susceptibility to Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 2018; 67:2096-2106. [PMID: 30065034 PMCID: PMC6152345 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, but its molecular pathogenesis is not well defined, and there are no specific treatments. In humans, there is a strong genetic component determining susceptibility to DN. However, specific genes controlling DN susceptibility in humans have not been identified. In this study, we describe a mouse model combining type 1 diabetes with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which develops robust kidney disease with features resembling human DN: heavy albuminuria, hypertension, and glomerulosclerosis. Additionally, there is a powerful effect of genetic background regulating susceptibility to nephropathy; the 129 strain is susceptible to kidney disease, whereas the C57BL/6 strain is resistant. To examine the molecular basis of this differential susceptibility, we analyzed the glomerular transcriptome of young mice early in the course of their disease. We find dramatic differences in regulation of immune and inflammatory pathways, with upregulation of proinflammatory pathways in the susceptible (129) strain and coordinate downregulation in the resistant (C57BL/6) strain. Many of these pathways are also upregulated in rat models and in humans with DN. Our studies suggest that genes controlling inflammatory responses, triggered by hyperglycemia and RAS activation, may be critical early determinants of susceptibility to DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Gurley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Stacy A Johnson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rashidah Binte Sakban
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Simi E George
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Momoe Maeda
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Timothy W Meyer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Yu Y, Ananthanarayanan A, Singh NH, Hong X, Sakban RB, Mittal N, Xiaobei L, Robens J, Xia L, McMillian M, Yu H. TGFβ1-mediated suppression of cytochrome P450(CYP) induction responses in rat hepatocyte-fibroblast co-cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Luo X, Gupta K, Ananthanarayanan A, Wang Z, Xia L, Li A, Sakban RB, Liu S, Yu H. Directed Differentiation of Adult Liver Derived Mesenchymal Like Stem Cells into Functional Hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2818. [PMID: 29434311 PMCID: PMC5809507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Shortage of functional hepatocytes hampers drug safety testing and therapeutic applications because mature hepatocytes cannot be expanded and maintain functions in vitro. Recent studies have reported that liver progenitor cells can originate from mature hepatocytes in vivo. Derivation of proliferating progenitor cells from mature hepatocytes, and re-differentiation into functional hepatocytes in vitro has not been successful. Here we report the derivation of novel mesenchymal-like stem cells (arHMSCs) from adult rat hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry characterization of arHMSCs found expression of mesenchymal markers CD29, CD44, CD90, vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin. These arHMSCs proliferated in vitro for 4 passages yielding 104 fold increase in cell number in 28 days, and differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (arHMSC-H). The arHMSC-H expressed significantly higher level of hepatocyte-specific markers (200 fold for albumin and 6 fold for Cyp450 enzymes) than arHMSCs. The arHMSC-H also demonstrated dose response curves similar to primary hepatocytes for 3 of the 6 paradigm hepatotoxicants tested, demonstrating utility in drug safety testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kapish Gupta
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Ananthanarayanan
- Invitrocue Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rashidah Binte Sakban
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Side Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,BioSyM, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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Xia L, Hong X, Sakban RB, Qu Y, Singh NH, McMillian M, Dallas S, Silva J, Sensenhauser C, Zhao S, Lim HK, Yu H. Cytochrome P450 induction response in tethered spheroids as a three-dimensional human hepatocytein vitromodel. J Appl Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive 117597 Singapore
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive 117597 Singapore
| | - Rashidah Binte Sakban
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive 117597 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; A*STAR; The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way 138669 Singapore
| | - Yinghua Qu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; A*STAR; The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way 138669 Singapore
| | - Nisha Hari Singh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; A*STAR; The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way 138669 Singapore
| | - Michael McMillian
- Preclinical Development & Safety; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Spring House PA USA
| | - Shannon Dallas
- Preclinical Development & Safety; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Spring House PA USA
| | - Jose Silva
- Preclinical Development & Safety; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Spring House PA USA
| | - Carlo Sensenhauser
- Preclinical Development & Safety; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Spring House PA USA
| | - Sylvia Zhao
- China R&D and Scientific Affairs; Janssen Research and Development, LLC; Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Heng Keang Lim
- Preclinical Development & Safety; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Spring House PA USA
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive 117597 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; A*STAR; The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way 138669 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute of Singapore, Temasek Laboratories; National University of Singapore; #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1 117411 Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance; Computational and System Biology Program; E4-04-10, 4 Engineering Drive 3 117576 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS); 05-01, 28 Medical Drive 117576 Singapore. NUS Tissue Engineering Program, DSO Labs; National University of Singapore; 117597 Singapore. Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology; 1 CREATE Way, #10-01 CREATE Tower 138602 Singapore. Department of Biological Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Narmada BC, Kang Y, Venkatraman L, Peng Q, Sakban RB, Nugraha B, Jiang X, Bunte RM, So PTC, Tucker-Kellogg L, Mao HQ, Yu H. Hepatic stellate cell-targeted delivery of hepatocyte growth factor transgene via bile duct infusion enhances its expression at fibrotic foci to regress dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:508-19. [PMID: 23527815 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis generates fibrotic foci with abundant activated hepatic stellate cells and excessive collagen deposition juxtaposed with healthy regions. Targeted delivery of antifibrotic therapeutics to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) might improve treatment outcomes and reduce adverse effects on healthy tissue. We delivered the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene specifically to activated hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic liver using vitamin A-coupled liposomes by retrograde intrabiliary infusion to bypass capillarized hepatic sinusoids. The antifibrotic effects of DsRed2-HGF vector encapsulated within vitamin A-coupled liposomes were validated by decreases in fibrotic markers in vitro. Fibrotic cultures transfected with the targeted transgene showed a significant decrease in fibrotic markers such as transforming growth factor-β1. In rats, dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis is manifested by an increase in collagen deposition and severe defenestration of sinusoidal endothelial cells. The HSC-targeted transgene, administered via retrograde intrabiliary infusion in fibrotic rats, successfully reduced liver fibrosis markers alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen, accompanied by an increase in the expression of DsRed2-HGF near the fibrotic foci. Thus, targeted delivery of HGF gene to hepatic stellate cells increased the transgene expression at the fibrotic foci and strongly enhanced its antifibrotic effects.
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Xia L, Sakban RB, Qu Y, Hong X, Zhang W, Nugraha B, Tong WH, Ananthanarayanan A, Zheng B, Chau IYY, Jia R, McMillian M, Silva J, Dallas S, Yu H. Tethered spheroids as an in vitro hepatocyte model for drug safety screening. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2165-76. [PMID: 22189144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte spheroids mimic many in vivo liver-tissue phenotypes but increase in size during extended culture which limits their application in drug testing applications. We have developed an improved hepatocyte 3D spheroid model, namely tethered spheroids, on RGD and galactose-conjugated membranes using an optimized hybrid ratio of the two bioactive ligands. Cells in the spheroid configuration maintained 3D morphology and uncompromised differentiated hepatocyte functions (urea and albumin production), while the spheroid bottom was firmly tethered to the substratum maintaining the spheroid size in multi-well plates. The oblate shape of the tethered spheroids, with an average height of 32 μm, ensured efficient nutrient, oxygen and drug access to all the cells within the spheroid structure. Cytochrome P450 induction by prototypical inducers was demonstrated in the tethered spheroids and was comparable or better than that observed with hepatocyte sandwich cultures. These data suggested that tethered 3D hepatocyte spheroids may be an excellent alternative to 2D hepatocyte culture models for drug safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Clinical Research Center, #04-25, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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