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Bärwolff M, Gerike R. Cyclist's travel distances and risk of falls in snowy and icy conditions in German cities. J Safety Res 2023; 87:64-75. [PMID: 38081724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION So far, no studies are known that estimate distance-based risks for cyclist falls in snowy/icy conditions compared to other conditions to account for differences in cycling levels in the different weather situations. METHOD The number of cyclist falls was gathered from retrospective surveys in Germany. Cycling distances were obtained from the German Household Travel Survey "Mobility in cities - SrV," assigned to meteorological data, and validated against counts and own surveys. The number of falls per distance cycled and Risk Ratios for snowy/icy versus other weather conditions were estimated. RESULTS An average decrease of 53% in the distance travelled per person and day is estimated for snowy/icy days versus other days. This decrease is lower in regions with higher general cycling mode shares. We find average risks of falls from 9.5 to 16 (field surveys) up to 76.5 falls per 10,000 km (online survey) and average Risk Ratios for cycling in snowy/icy conditions of 20 (field survey conducted in times of other weather) to 36 (field survey conducted in times of snow/ice) and 38 (online survey conducted in times of snow/ice). The risk of suffering an injury in the event of a fall is lower in snowy/icy compared to other weather conditions. CONCLUSIONS Seeing the current trend of growing general cycling levels in Germany, we expect more cycling in winter and, in case of unchanged winter weather and maintenance, a substantial increase of cyclist falls. The reduced risk of being injured in the event of a fall in snowy/icy conditions does not outweigh the higher risk of falling in the first place. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Improved winter maintenance on cycling facilities can help increase winter cycling and reduce the risk of falls at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bärwolff
- Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Regine Gerike
- Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Schröter B, Hantschel S, Huber S, Gerike R. Determinants of bicycle crashes at urban signalized intersections. J Safety Res 2023; 87:132-142. [PMID: 38081688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Bicycle volumes are increasing in many regions worldwide leading to higher relevance of an in-depth understanding of bicyclist safety mechanisms. Detailed studies on bicyclist safety that consider exposure and distinguish by intersection category and crash types are missing for urban signalized intersections, which are of particular relevance for bicyclist safety. METHOD Based on a comprehensive dataset of motorist and bicyclist volumes and infrastructure characteristics for a sample of 269 signalized intersections in two German cities, we utilize a top-down approach to analyze firstly, bicycle crashes of all types and secondly, bicycle crashes by type including turning, right-of-way and loss-of-control. A combination of descriptive statistics and Accident Prediction Models (APM) are applied as analysis methods. RESULTS Bicycle volumes are relevant for all types of intersections and crashes, whereas the effect of motor vehicle volumes differ between these different applications. The separation of bicyclists from motor vehicles in time and space increases their safety but also leads to behavioral adaption and risk compensation. The likelihood of right-of-way crashes even increases with more separation in the signaling scheme. The main predictor for loss-of-control crashes in terms of infrastructure are tram tracks. SUMMARY This study provides insights on relevant determinants of bicycle crashes at urban signalized intersections at several levels of detail. Exposure variables as well as the physical separation of bicyclists from motor vehicles show consistent effects on bicycle crash numbers whereas the effects of signaling differ between crash types. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The different types of intersections and crashes follow each specific mechanism of bicyclist safety. The separation of bicyclists and motorists in time and space are paramount at intersections with high bicycle volumes. Risk compensation such as red light running becomes more important as intersections get smaller and motor vehicle volumes decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schröter
- Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hantschel
- Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Huber
- Chair of Transport Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Regine Gerike
- Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Yang X, Orjuela JP, McCoy E, Vich G, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Carrasco-Turigas G, Dons E, Gerike R, Götschi T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Panis LI, Standaert A, de Nazelle A. The impact of black carbon (BC) on mode-specific galvanic skin response (GSR) as a measure of stress in urban environments. Environ Res 2022; 214:114083. [PMID: 35995220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that walking and cycling could help alleviate stress in cities, however there is poor knowledge on how specific microenvironmental conditions encountered during daily journeys may lead to varying degrees of stress experienced at that moment. We use objectively measured data and a robust causal inference framework to address this gap. Using a Bayesian Doubly Robust (BDR) approach, we find that black carbon exposure statistically significantly increases stress, as measured by Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), while cycling and while walking. Augmented Outcome Regression (AOR) models indicate that greenspace exposure and the presence of walking or cycling infrastructure could reduce stress. None of these effects are statistically significant for people in motorized transport. These findings add to a growing evidence-base on health benefits of policies aimed at decreasing air pollution, improving active travel infrastructure and increasing greenspace in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuleng Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Pablo Orjuela
- Transport Studies Unit (TSU), School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma McCoy
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillem Vich
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Brand
- Transport Studies Unit (TSU), School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Glòria Carrasco-Turigas
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evi Dons
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Regine Gerike
- TU Dresden, Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, Germany
| | - Thomas Götschi
- School of Planning, Public Policy & Management (PPPM), University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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Yang X, McCoy E, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Carrasco-Turigas G, Dons E, Gerike R, Goetschi T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Pablo Orjuela J, Int Panis L, Standaert A, de Nazelle A. The effects of traveling in different transport modes on galvanic skin response (GSR) as a measure of stress: An observational study. Environ Int 2021; 156:106764. [PMID: 34273874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is one of many ailments associated with urban living, with daily travel a potential major source. Active travel, nevertheless, has been associated with lower levels of stress compared to other modes. Earlier work has relied on self-reported measures of stress, and on study designs that limit our ability to establish causation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate effects of daily travel in different modes on an objective proxy measure of stress, the galvanic skin response (GSR). METHODS We collected data from 122 participants across 3 European cities as part of the Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) study, including: GSR measured every minute alongside confounders (physical activity, near-body temperature) during three separate weeks covering 3 seasons; sociodemographic and travel information through questionnaires. Causal relationships between travel in different modes (the "treatment") and stress were established by using a propensity score matching (PSM) approach to adjust for potential confounding and estimating linear mixed models (LMM) with individuals as random effects to account for repeated measurements. In three separate analyses, we compared GSR while cycling to not cycling, then walking to not walking then motorized (public or private) travel to any activity other than motorized travel. RESULTS Depending on LMM formulations used, cycling reduces 1-minute GSR by 5.7% [95% CI: 2.0-16.9%] to 11.1% [95% CI: 5.0-24.4%] compared to any other activity. Repeating the analysis for other modes we find that: walking is also beneficial, reducing GSR by 3.9% [95% CI: 1.4-10.7%] to 5.7% [95% CI: 2.6-12.3%] compared to any other activity; motorized mode (private or public) in reverse increases GSR by up to 1.1% [95% CI: 0.5-2.9%]. DISCUSSION Active travel offers a welcome way to reduce stress in urban dwellers' daily lives. Stress can be added to the growing number of evidence-based reasons for promoting active travel in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuleng Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma McCoy
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christian Brand
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Transport Studies Unit (TSU), School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Glòria Carrasco-Turigas
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evi Dons
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Regine Gerike
- TU Dresden, Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, Germany
| | - Thomas Goetschi
- School of Planning, Public Policy & Management (PPPM), University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Orjuela
- Transport Studies Unit (TSU), School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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Branion-Calles M, Götschi T, Nelson T, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Castro A, Cole-Hunter T, de Nazelle A, Dons E, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Gerike R, Int Panis L, Kahlmeier S, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Rojas-Rueda D, Winters M. Cyclist crash rates and risk factors in a prospective cohort in seven European cities. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 141:105540. [PMID: 32304868 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Increased cycling uptake can improve population health, but barriers include real and perceived risks. Crash risk factors are important to understand in order to improve safety and increase cycling uptake. Many studies of cycling crash risk are based on combining diverse sources of crash and exposure data, such as police databases (crashes) and travel surveys (exposure), based on shared geography and time. When conflating crash and exposure data from different sources, the risk factors that can be quantified are only those variables common to both datasets, which tend to be limited to geography (e.g. countries, provinces, municipalities) and a few general road user characteristics (e.g. gender and age strata). The Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) project was a prospective cohort study that collected both crash and exposure data from seven European cities (Antwerp, Barcelona, London, Örebro, Rome, Vienna and Zürich). The goal of this research was to use data from the PASTA project to quantify exposure-adjusted crash rates and model adjusted crash risk factors, including detailed sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes about transportation, neighbourhood built environment features and location by city. We used negative binomial regression to model the influence of risk factors independent of exposure. Of the 4,180 cyclists, 10.2 % reported 535 crashes. We found that overall crash rates were 6.7 times higher in London, the city with the highest crash rate, relative to Örebro, the city with the lowest rate. Differences in overall crash rates between cities are driven largely by crashes that did not require medical treatment and that involved motor-vehicles. In a parsimonious crash risk model, we found higher crash risks for less frequent cyclists, men, those who perceive cycling to not be well regarded in their neighbourhood, and those who live in areas of very high building density. Longitudinal collection of crash and exposure data can provide important insights into individual differences in crash risk. Substantial differences in crash risks between cities, neighbourhoods and population groups suggest there is great potential for improvement in cycling safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Branion-Calles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Thomas Götschi
- School of Planning, Public Policy and Management, College of Design, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Trisalyn Nelson
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alberto Castro
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy, and Health Research (CAR), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evi Dons
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- Department of Spatial, Landscape, and Infrastructure Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regine Gerike
- Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Department of Health, Swiss Distance University of Applied Science FFHS, Regensdorf/Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, Canada
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Gascon M, Götschi T, de Nazelle A, Gracia E, Ambròs A, Márquez S, Marquet O, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Iacorossi F, Raser E, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Dons E, Laeremans M, Kahlmeier S, Sánchez J, Gerike R, Anaya-Boig E, Panis LI, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Correlates of Walking for Travel in Seven European Cities: The PASTA Project. Environ Health Perspect 2019; 127:97003. [PMID: 31532248 PMCID: PMC6792377 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although walking for travel can help in reaching the daily recommended levels of physical activity, we know relatively little about the correlates of walking for travel in the European context. OBJECTIVE Within the framework of the European Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) project, we aimed to explore the correlates of walking for travel in European cities. METHODS The same protocol was applied in seven European cities. Using a web-based questionnaire, we collected information on total minutes of walking per week, individual characteristics, mobility behavior, and attitude (N=7,875). Characteristics of the built environment (the home and the work/study addresses) were determined with geographic information system (GIS)-based techniques. We conducted negative binomial regression analyses, including city as a random effect. Factor and principal component analyses were also conducted to define profiles of the different variables of interest. RESULTS Living in high-density residential areas with richness of facilities and density of public transport stations was associated with increased walking for travel, whereas the same characteristics at the work/study area were less strongly associated with the outcome when the residential and work/study environments were entered in the model jointly. A walk-friendly social environment was associated with walking for travel. All three factors describing different opinions about walking (ranging from good to bad) were associated with increased minutes of walking per week, although the importance given to certain criteria to choose a mode of transport provided different results according to the criteria. DISCUSSION The present study supports findings from previous research regarding the role of the built environment in the promotion of walking for travel and provides new findings to help in achieving sustainable, healthy, livable, and walkable cities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4603.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Gracia
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Albert Ambròs
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Sandra Márquez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Oriol Marquet
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Christian Brand
- Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabeth Raser
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evi Dons
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michelle Laeremans
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Transportation Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Sánchez
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Regine Gerike
- Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- School for Mobility, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Hössinger R, Aschauer F, Jara-Díaz S, Jokubauskaite S, Schmid B, Peer S, Axhausen KW, Gerike R. A joint time-assignment and expenditure-allocation model: value of leisure and value of time assigned to travel for specific population segments. Transportation (Amst) 2019; 47:1439-1475. [PMID: 32624631 PMCID: PMC7319313 DOI: 10.1007/s11116-019-10022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on a time-use model with a sound theoretical basis and carefully collected data for Austria, the value of leisure (VoL) for different population segments has been estimated. Through the combination of these results with mode-specific values of travel time savings from a related study based on the same data, the first mode-specific values of time assigned to travel (VTAT) were calculated. Data was collected using a Mobility-Activity-Expenditure Diary, a novel survey format which gathers all activities, expenditures, and travel decisions from the same individuals for 1 week in a diary-based format. The average VoL is 8.17 €/h, which is below the mean wage of 12.14 €/h, indicating that the value of work is, on average, negative. Regarding the reliability of the VoL, we show its sensitivity to the variance of working time in a sample, something that has been ignored in previous studies and could be used to avoid inadequate segmentation. We controlled this effect in the analysis of the heterogeneity of the VoL across the population by estimating the parameters from the total (unsegmented) dataset with single interaction terms. We find that the VTAT is strictly negative for walking, predominantly negative for cycling and car, and predominantly positive for public transport with 0.27 €/h on average. The positive VTAT for public transport is a strong indication for the importance of travel conditions, in turn suggesting that improvements in travel conditions of public transport might be as important as investing in shorter travel times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Hössinger
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Aschauer
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergio Jara-Díaz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simona Jokubauskaite
- Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Basil Schmid
- Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Peer
- Institute for Multi-Level Governance and Development, WU Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kay W. Axhausen
- Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regine Gerike
- Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Gaupp-Berghausen M, Raser E, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, de Nazelle A, Dons E, Franzen H, Gerike R, Götschi T, Iacorossi F, Hössinger R, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Rojas-Rueda D, Sanchez J, Smeds E, Deforth M, Standaert A, Stigell E, Cole-Hunter T, Int Panis L. Evaluation of Different Recruitment Methods: Longitudinal, Web-Based, Pan-European Physical Activity Through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) Project. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11492. [PMID: 31066715 PMCID: PMC6533046 DOI: 10.2196/11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with a Web-based survey and data-collection platform yields new benefits over traditional recruitment approaches. Objective This paper aims to report the success of different recruitment methods and obtain data on participants’ characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample. Methods A longitudinal, Web-based survey was implemented as part of the European PASTA (Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches) project, between November 2014 and December 2016. During this period, participants were recruited from 7 European cities on a rolling basis. A standardized guide on recruitment strategy was developed for all cities, to reach a sufficient number of adult participants. To make use of the strengths and minimize weakness, a combination of different opportunistic recruitment methods was applied. In addition, the random sampling approach was applied in the city of Örebro. To reduce the attrition rate and improve real-time monitoring, the Web-based platform featured a participant’s and a researchers’ user interface and dashboard. Results Overall, 10,691 participants were recruited; most people found out about the survey through their workplace or employer (2300/10691, 21.51%), outreach promotion (2219/10691, 20.76%), and social media (1859/10691, 17.39%). The average number of questionnaires filled in per participant varied significantly between the cities (P<.001), with the highest number in Zurich (11.0, SE 0.33) and the lowest in Örebro (4.8, SE 0.17). Collaboration with local organizations, the use of Facebook and mailing lists, and direct street recruitment were the most effective approaches in reaching a high share of participants (P<.001). Considering the invested working hours, Facebook was one of the most time-efficient methods. Compared with the cities’ census data, the composition of study participants was broadly representative in terms of gender distribution; however, the study included younger and better-educated participants. Conclusions We observed that offering a mixed recruitment approach was highly effective in achieving a high participation rate. The highest attrition rate and the lowest average number of questionnaires filled in per participant were observed in Örebro, which also recruited participants through random sampling. These findings suggest that people who are more interested in the topic are more willing to participate and stay in a survey than those who are selected randomly and may not have a strong connection to the research topic. Although direct face-to-face contacts were very effective with respect to the number of recruited participants, recruiting people through social media was not only effective but also very time efficient. The collected data are based on one of the largest recruited longitudinal samples with a common recruitment strategy in different European cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Raser
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evi Dons
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Regine Gerike
- Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reinhard Hössinger
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Sanchez
- London Borough of Newham, London, United Kingdom.,The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Smeds
- Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manja Deforth
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.,Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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9
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Aschauer F, Rösel I, Hössinger R, Kreis HB, Gerike R. Time use, mobility and expenditure: an innovative survey design for understanding individuals' trade-off processes. Transportation (Amst) 2018; 46:307-339. [PMID: 31148878 PMCID: PMC6507445 DOI: 10.1007/s11116-018-9961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of information is required to model the complex trade-off processes between travel activities, non-travel activities and budget assignment at the individual level. This paper describes the development of a new survey design, which incorporates components of travel surveys, time use surveys and consumer expenditure surveys in an integrated format, which is expected to deliver a richer data set allowing deeper insights into individuals' activity and consumption patterns. The survey procedure and the incentives paid, which were necessary to obtain acceptable response rates, are also described. Results from two pilot studies using a trip-based and an activity-based diary format are presented. The paper examines to which extent the diaries have been capable of collecting the required data with high quality and response rates. The innovative "Mobility-Activity-Expenditure-Diary" is introduced and results of the main survey using this design are presented. Travel behaviour and non-travel activities were reported at high quality. Expenditures would require longer observation periods (and preferably not only telephone but also personal support in the survey process) to reduce unsystematic variations and to better capture individuals' long term equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Aschauer
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inka Rösel
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hössinger
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Brian Kreis
- Provincial Government of Lower Austria, Abteilung Landesstraßenplanung, Sankt Pölten, Austria
| | - Regine Gerike
- Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Avila-Palencia I, Int Panis L, Dons E, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Raser E, Götschi T, Gerike R, Brand C, de Nazelle A, Orjuela JP, Anaya-Boig E, Stigell E, Kahlmeier S, Iacorossi F, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. The effects of transport mode use on self-perceived health, mental health, and social contact measures: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Environ Int 2018; 120:199-206. [PMID: 30098553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transport mode choice has been associated with different health risks and benefits depending on which transport mode is used. We aimed to evaluate the association between different transport modes use and several health and social contact measures. METHODS We based our analyses on the Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) longitudinal study, conducted over a period of two years in seven European cities. 8802 participants finished the baseline questionnaire, and 3567 answered the final questionnaire. Participants were 18 years of age or older (16 years of age or older in Zurich) and lived, worked and/or studied in one of the case-study cities. Associations between transport mode use and health/social contact measures were estimated using mixed-effects logistic regression models, linear regression models, and logistic regression models according to the data available. All the associations were assessed with single and multiple transport mode models. All models were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS In multiple transport mode models, bicycle use was associated with good self-perceived health [OR (CI 95%) = 1.07 (1.05, 1.08)], all the mental health measures [perceived stress: coef (CI 95%) = -0.016 (-0.028, -0.004); mental health: coef (CI 95%) = 0.11 (0.05, 0.18); vitality: coef (CI 95%) = 0.14 (0.07, 0.22)], and with fewer feelings of loneliness [coef (CI 95%) = -0.03 (-0.05, -0.01)]. Walking was associated with good self-perceived health [OR (CI 95%) = 1.02 (1.00, 1.03)], higher vitality [coef (CI 95%) = 0.14 (0.05, 0.23)], and more frequent contact with friends/family [OR (CI 95%) = 1.03 (1.00, 1.05)]. Car use was associated with fewer feelings of loneliness [coef (CI 95%) = -0.04 (-0.06, -0.02)]. The results for e-bike and public transport use were non-significant, and the results for motorbike use were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Similarity of findings across cities suggested that active transport, especially bicycle use, should be encouraged to improve population health and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ione Avila-Palencia
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health - Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) - Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Evi Dons
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Raser
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Regine Gerike
- Dresden University of Technology, Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Hettnerstraße 1, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Brand
- Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, 16-18 Prince's Gardens, London SW7 1NE, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Pablo Orjuela
- Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, 16-18 Prince's Gardens, London SW7 1NE, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy (CEP), Imperial College London, 16-18 Prince's Gardens, London SW7 1NE, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Stigell
- Trivector Traffic, Barnhusgatan 16, SE-111 23 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health - Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) - Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Dons E, Rojas-Rueda D, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Cole-Hunter T, de Nazelle A, Eriksson U, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Gerike R, Kahlmeier S, Laeremans M, Mueller N, Nawrot T, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Orjuela JP, Racioppi F, Raser E, Standaert A, Int Panis L, Götschi T. Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study. Environ Int 2018; 119:109-116. [PMID: 29957352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fight against rising overweight and obesity levels, and unhealthy urban environments, the renaissance of active mobility (cycling and walking as a transport mode) is encouraging. Transport mode has been shown to be associated to body mass index (BMI), yet there is limited longitudinal evidence demonstrating causality. We aimed to associate transport mode and BMI cross-sectionally, but also prospectively in the first ever European-wide longitudinal study on transport and health. METHODS Data were from the PASTA project that recruited adults in seven European cities (Antwerp, Barcelona, London, Oerebro, Rome, Vienna, Zurich) to complete a series of questionnaires on travel behavior, physical activity levels, and BMI. To assess the association between transport mode and BMI as well as change in BMI we performed crude and adjusted linear mixed-effects modeling for cross-sectional (n = 7380) and longitudinal (n = 2316) data, respectively. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, BMI was 0.027 kg/m2 (95%CI 0.015 to 0.040) higher per additional day of car use per month. Inversely, BMI was -0.010 kg/m2 (95%CI -0.020 to -0.0002) lower per additional day of cycling per month. Changes in BMI were smaller in the longitudinal within-person assessment, however still statistically significant. BMI decreased in occasional (less than once per week) and non-cyclists who increased cycling (-0.303 kg/m2, 95%CI -0.530 to -0.077), while frequent (at least once per week) cyclists who stopped cycling increased their BMI (0.417 kg/m2, 95%CI 0.033 to 0.802). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showed that people lower their BMI when starting or increasing cycling, demonstrating the health benefits of active mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Dons
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- ISGlobal, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- ISGlobal, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brand
- Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- ISGlobal, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Trivector Traffic, Barnhusgatan 16, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Regine Gerike
- Dresden University of Technology, Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Laeremans
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Natalie Mueller
- ISGlobal, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Environment & Health Unit, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 706, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Orjuela
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Raser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Mueller N, Rojas-Rueda D, Salmon M, Martinez D, Ambros A, Brand C, de Nazelle A, Dons E, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Gerike R, Götschi T, Iacorossi F, Int Panis L, Kahlmeier S, Raser E, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Health impact assessment of cycling network expansions in European cities. Prev Med 2018; 109:62-70. [PMID: 29330030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a health impact assessment (HIA) of cycling network expansions in seven European cities. We modeled the association between cycling network length and cycling mode share and estimated health impacts of the expansion of cycling networks. First, we performed a non-linear least square regression to assess the relationship between cycling network length and cycling mode share for 167 European cities. Second, we conducted a quantitative HIA for the seven cities of different scenarios (S) assessing how an expansion of the cycling network [i.e. 10% (S1); 50% (S2); 100% (S3), and all-streets (S4)] would lead to an increase in cycling mode share and estimated mortality impacts thereof. We quantified mortality impacts for changes in physical activity, air pollution and traffic incidents. Third, we conducted a cost-benefit analysis. The cycling network length was associated with a cycling mode share of up to 24.7% in European cities. The all-streets scenario (S4) produced greatest benefits through increases in cycling for London with 1,210 premature deaths (95% CI: 447-1,972) avoidable annually, followed by Rome (433; 95% CI: 170-695), Barcelona (248; 95% CI: 86-410), Vienna (146; 95% CI: 40-252), Zurich (58; 95% CI: 16-100) and Antwerp (7; 95% CI: 3-11). The largest cost-benefit ratios were found for the 10% increase in cycling networks (S1). If all 167 European cities achieved a cycling mode share of 24.7% over 10,000 premature deaths could be avoided annually. In European cities, expansions of cycling networks were associated with increases in cycling and estimated to provide health and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mueller
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maëlle Salmon
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martinez
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Ambros
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brand
- University of Oxford (UOXF), Transport Studies Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evi Dons
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regine Gerike
- Dresden University of Technology, Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Raser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Götschi T, de Nazelle A, Brand C, Gerike R. Towards a Comprehensive Conceptual Framework of Active Travel Behavior: a Review and Synthesis of Published Frameworks. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:286-295. [PMID: 28707281 PMCID: PMC5591356 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews the use of conceptual frameworks in research on active travel, such as walking and cycling. Generic framework features and a wide range of contents are identified and synthesized into a comprehensive framework of active travel behavior, as part of the Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches project (PASTA). PASTA is a European multinational, interdisciplinary research project on active travel and health. RECENT FINDINGS Along with an exponential growth in active travel research, a growing number of conceptual frameworks has been published since the early 2000s. Earlier frameworks are simpler and emphasize the distinction of environmental vs. individual factors, while more recently several studies have integrated travel behavior theories more thoroughly. Based on the reviewed frameworks and various behavioral theories, we propose the comprehensive PASTA conceptual framework of active travel behavior. We discuss how it can guide future research, such as data collection, data analysis, and modeling of active travel behavior, and present some examples from the PASTA project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Götschi
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Regine Gerike
- Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Gerike R, de Nazelle A, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Panis LI, Anaya E, Avila-Palencia I, Boschetti F, Brand C, Cole-Hunter T, Dons E, Eriksson U, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Kahlmeier S, Laeremans M, Mueller N, Orjuela JP, Racioppi F, Raser E, Rojas-Rueda D, Schweizer C, Standaert A, Uhlmann T, Wegener S, Götschi T. Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA): a study protocol for a multicentre project. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009924. [PMID: 26743706 PMCID: PMC4716182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only one-third of the European population meets the minimum recommended levels of physical activity (PA). Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Walking and cycling for transport (active mobility, AM) are well suited to provide regular PA. The European research project Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) pursues the following aims: (1) to investigate correlates and interrelations of AM, PA, air pollution and crash risk; (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of selected interventions to promote AM; (3) to improve health impact assessment (HIA) of AM; (4) to foster the exchange between the disciplines of public health and transport planning, and between research and practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS PASTA pursues a mixed-method and multilevel approach that is consistently applied in seven case study cities. Determinants of AM and the evaluation of measures to increase AM are investigated through a large scale longitudinal survey, with overall 14,000 respondents participating in Antwerp, Barcelona, London, Örebro, Rome, Vienna and Zurich. Contextual factors are systematically gathered in each city. PASTA generates empirical findings to improve HIA for AM, for example, with estimates of crash risks, factors on AM-PA substitution and carbon emissions savings from mode shifts. Findings from PASTA will inform WHO's online Health Economic Assessment Tool on the health benefits from cycling and/or walking. The study's wide scope, the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and health and transport methods, the innovative survey design, the general and city-specific analyses, and the transdisciplinary composition of the consortium and the wider network of partners promise highly relevant insights for research and practice. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained by the local ethics committees in the countries where the work is being conducted, and sent to the European Commission before the start of the survey. The PASTA website (http://www.pastaproject.eu) is at the core of all communication and dissemination activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Gerike
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria
- Dresden University of Technology, Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Dresden, Germany
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Esther Anaya
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Christian Brand
- Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford (UOXF), Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Evi Dons
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Laeremans
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Natalie Mueller
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesca Racioppi
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Raser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Schweizer
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Tina Uhlmann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Wegener
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dons E, Götschi T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, de Nazelle A, Anaya E, Avila-Palencia I, Brand C, Cole-Hunter T, Gaupp-Berghausen M, Kahlmeier S, Laeremans M, Mueller N, Orjuela JP, Raser E, Rojas-Rueda D, Standaert A, Stigell E, Uhlmann T, Gerike R, Int Panis L. Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA): protocol for a multi-centre, longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1126. [PMID: 26577129 PMCID: PMC4650276 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases, yet many are not sufficiently active. The Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) study aims to better understand active mobility (walking and cycling for transport solely or in combination with public transport) as an innovative approach to integrate physical activity into individuals’ everyday lives. The PASTA study will collect data of multiple cities in a longitudinal cohort design to study correlates of active mobility, its effect on overall physical activity, crash risk and exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Methods/Design A set of online questionnaires incorporating gold standard approaches from the physical activity and transport fields have been developed, piloted and are now being deployed in a longitudinal study in seven European cities (Antwerp, Barcelona, London, Oerebro, Rome, Vienna, Zurich). In total, 14000 adults are being recruited (2000 in each city). A first questionnaire collects baseline information; follow-up questionnaires sent every 13 days collect prospective data on travel behaviour, levels of physical activity and traffic safety incidents. Self-reported data will be validated with objective data in subsamples using conventional and novel methods. Accelerometers, GPS and tracking apps record routes and activity. Air pollution and physical activity are measured to study their combined effects on health biomarkers. Exposure-adjusted crash risks will be calculated for active modes, and crash location audits are performed to study the role of the built environment. Ethics committees in all seven cities have given independent approval for the study. Discussion The PASTA study collects a wealth of subjective and objective data on active mobility and physical activity. This will allow the investigation of numerous correlates of active mobility and physical activity using a data set that advances previous efforts in its richness, geographical coverage and comprehensiveness. Results will inform new health impact assessment models and support efforts to promote and facilitate active mobility in cities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2453-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Dons
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium. .,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Esther Anaya
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christian Brand
- University of Oxford (UOXF) - Transport Studies Unit, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK.
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michelle Laeremans
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium. .,Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Natalie Mueller
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Pablo Orjuela
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Elisabeth Raser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | | | - Tina Uhlmann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Regine Gerike
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria. .,Dresden University of Technology, Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium. .,Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 5/6, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Mueller N, Rojas-Rueda D, Cole-Hunter T, de Nazelle A, Dons E, Gerike R, Götschi T, Int Panis L, Kahlmeier S, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Health impact assessment of active transportation: A systematic review. Prev Med 2015; 76:103-14. [PMID: 25900805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Walking and cycling for transportation (i.e. active transportation, AT), provide substantial health benefits from increased physical activity (PA). However, risks of injury from exposure to motorized traffic and their emissions (i.e. air pollution) exist. The objective was to systematically review studies conducting health impact assessment (HIA) of a mode shift to AT on grounds of associated health benefits and risks. METHODS Systematic database searches of MEDLINE, Web of Science and Transportation Research International Documentation were performed by two independent researchers, augmented by bibliographic review, internet searches and expert consultation to identify peer-reviewed studies from inception to December 2014. RESULTS Thirty studies were included, originating predominantly from Europe, but also the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They compromised of mostly HIA approaches of comparative risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. Estimated health benefit-risk or benefit-cost ratios of a mode shift to AT ranged between -2 and 360 (median=9). Effects of increased PA contributed the most to estimated health benefits, which strongly outweighed detrimental effects of traffic incidents and air pollution exposure on health. CONCLUSION Despite different HIA methodologies being applied with distinctive assumptions on key parameters, AT can provide substantial net health benefits, irrespective of geographical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mueller
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Evi Dons
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Regine Gerike
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; School for Mobility, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sonja Kahlmeier
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Seilergraben 49, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kohla B, Gerike R, Hössinger R, Meschik M, Sammer G, Unbehaun W. A New Algorithm for Mode Detection in Travel Surveys. Advances in Data Mining and Database Management 2014. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-6170-7.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New technologies offer various opportunities for advancing travel surveys. This chapter presents a new approach for automated identification of trip stages and travel modes as the core outcome from travel surveys and a key requirement for subsequent steps, such as the automated assignment of trips. Mode prediction of eight modes of transport is realized by two multinomial logistic regression models, based on only nine features from GPS and acceleration data. The algorithm achieved an overall detection rate of 79 percent. The authors found that motorcycle and moped, railway, bicycle, and pedestrian obtained better results, whereas urban public transport caused some difficulties in detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kohla
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Regine Gerike
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Meschik
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd Sammer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Wiebke Unbehaun
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
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