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Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrizing 1,7-Enyne Cycloisomerization of Alkyne-Tethered Cyclopentenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4400-4405. [PMID: 38735050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
An enantioselective Pd-catalyzed intramolecular desymmetrizing cycloisomerization of N-(cyclopent-3-en-1-yl)propiolamides has been developed by employing a new chiral phosphoramidite ligand. A series of structurally unique bridged azabicycles are achieved in moderate to excellent yields with good E/Z selectivity and high enantioselectivity. Synthetic transformations are conducted to demonstrate the practical utility of this reaction.
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2
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Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Dearomatizing Reductive Heck Reaction of Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3739-3743. [PMID: 38679883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An enantioselective Pd-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative reductive Heck reaction of N-(o-bromoaryl) indole-3-carboxamide is developed. By employing Pd(dba)2/SPINOL-based phosphoramidite as the chiral catalyst and HCO2Na as the hydride source, a series of enantioenriched spiro indolines bearing vicinal stereocenters were afforded in moderate to good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The reductive Heck reaction of formal tetrasubstituted alkene bearing β-hydrogens is therefore realized by inhibiting β-H elimination.
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3
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Copper-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative aza-Wacker reaction of indole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3858-3861. [PMID: 38497365 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a copper-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative amination of indoles via a formal aza-Wacker reaction. This protocol provides an efficient method to access aza-polycyclic indoline molecules bearing exocyclic CC bonds in moderate to excellent yields in the presence of molecular oxygen as an oxidant. It is worth noting that indolin-3-ones are achieved when employing C3-non-substituted indoles as substrates.
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Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dearomative [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Naphthalenes with Arylalkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8139-8144. [PMID: 37934112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of naphthalenes with arylalkynes is developed. The protocol provides a straightforward method to access a range of polycyclic dihydronaphthalenes containing two vicinal all-carbon stereocenters in moderate yields under mild conditions in an air atmosphere. The deuterium labeling experiment suggests a pathway involving electrophilic dearomatization followed by Friedel-Crafts cyclization. Several synthetic transformations of the product were conducted to demonstrate the utility of this reaction.
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Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dearomative Heck-Reductive Allylic Defluorination Reaction of Indoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:6122-6127. [PMID: 37578397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative aryl-difluoroallylation reaction of indoles with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes as an electrophilic coupling partner. The reaction proceeds via a cascade sequence involving dearomative Heck cyclization and reductive allylic defluorination. A series of gem-difluoroallyl substituted indolines are obtained in moderate to good yields (36-77% yield) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The reaction features broad functional group tolerance, scaled-up synthesis, and late-stage diversification.
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6
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Cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrizing reductive cyclization of alkynyl cyclodiketones. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6393-6398. [PMID: 37325142 PMCID: PMC10266457 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed desymmetrizing reductive cyclization of alkynyl cyclodiketones has been developed. Under mild reaction conditions by employing HBpin as a reducing agent and ferrocene-based PHOX as a chiral ligand, a series of polycyclic tertiary allylic alcohols bearing contiguous quaternary stereocenters are achieved in moderate to excellent yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%). Broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility are observed in this reaction. A CoH-catalyzed pathway involving alkyne hydrocobaltation followed by nucleophilic addition to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bond is proposed. Synthetic transformations of the product are conducted to demonstrate the practical utilities of this reaction.
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Dearomatizing [2+2+1] Spiroannulation of Indoles with Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:261-266. [PMID: 36546773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed dearomatizing [2+2+1] spiroannulation of indoles with two molecular internal alkynes is developed in the presence of Cu(OAc)2/O2 as the oxidant, in which a domino sequence including C-H activation of indole followed by consecutive Heck reactions is involved. A range of 3,3'-spiroindolines bearing tetrasubstituted cyclopentadiene moieties and exocyclic C═C bonds at C2 are obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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8
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Enantioselective Pd-catalyzed dearomative reductive Heck and domino Heck-Suzuki reactions of 2-CF 3-indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6200-6203. [PMID: 35506738 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioselective palladium-catalyzed dearomative reductive Heck reaction and domino Heck-Suzuki reaction of 2-CF3-indoles have been developed. Using Pd(OAc)2/(R)-Synphos as the catalyst and Et3SiH as a hydride source, a variety of indolines bearing a 2-trifluoromethyl quaternary stereocenter were obtained via a dearomative reductive Heck reaction. Alternatively, using Pd(dba)2/phosphoramidite as the catalyst and Ar4BNa as a coupling partner, structurally diverse indolines containing two vicinal carbon stereocenters were afforded through the domino dearomative Heck-Suzuki reaction.
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9
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Aromatic π-Components for Enantioselective Heck Reactions and Heck/Anion-Capture Domino Sequences. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:734-745. [PMID: 35119256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Olefin functionalization represents one of the most important synthetic transformations in organic synthesis. Over the past decades, palladium-catalyzed enantioselective Heck reactions, and Heck/anion-capture domino sequences through olefin carbopalladation followed by termination of the resulting alkyl-Pd species have been extensively developed. Extension of the coupling partners from classical olefins to other π-components would enable further advances and open new space in this field. Aromatics are important and easily available bulk chemicals. Dearomative transformation of endocyclic aromatic π-bonds via the Heck reaction pathway provides an efficient and straightforward route to structurally diverse alicyclic compounds. Nevertheless, major challenges for this transformation include aromaticity breaking and reactivity and selectivity issues.Recently, we have engaged in developing catalytic enantioselective dearomative Heck reactions and related domino reactions. A range of heteroarenes and naphthalenes have been employed as novel π-coupling partners in these reactions. Through dearomative migratory insertion of endocyclic aromatic C-C π-bonds followed by interception of the transient alkyl-Pd species, enantioselective Heck reactions, reductive Heck reactions, Heck/anion-capture difunctionalization reactions, and heteroarenyne cycloisomerization reactions have been established. Relying on β-H elimination of the alkyl-Pd intermediate, we realized enantioselective dearomative Heck reactions with a range of aromatic partners, including heterocyclic indoles, pyrroles, furans, benzofurans, and more challenging carbocyclic naphthalenes. In order to avoid the utilization of organohalide electrophiles, heteroarenyne cycloisomerization reaction was developed by merging intermolecular alkyne hydropalladation with intramolecular dearomative Heck reaction. Cycloisomerization of alkyne-tethered indoles delivered chiral indolines in excellent enantioselectivities with 100% atom economy. On the other hand, Heck/anion-capture domino sequences were established through nucleophilic trapping of the alkyl-Pd intermediate. When HCO2Na was employed as a capturing reagent, the enantioselective dearomative reductive Heck reaction of indoles was realized. By employing other nucleophiles, including alkynes, N-sulfonylhydrazones, and organoboron reagents, we developed a series of dearomative difunctionalization reactions. Two vicinal stereocenters with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities were constructed in the corresponding Heck/Sonogashira, Heck/vinylation, and Heck/borylation reactions. Moreover, dearomative 1,4-diarylation of naphthalenes was developed through Heck/Suzuki domino reactions, in which competitive C-H arylation and the direct Suzuki reaction were almost fully inhibited in the presence of a spiro-phosphoramidite ligand.In this Account, we provide a panoramic view of our results since 2015 on enantioselective Heck reactions and related domino sequences by extending the coupling partners from classical olefins to aromatic systems. Investigations outlined in this Account established straightforward and efficient access to a variety of structurally diverse chiral heteropolycyclic molecules starting from simple and planar aromatic compounds.
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Enantioselective Dearomative [3 + 2] Umpolung Annulation of N-Heteroarenes with Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1087-1093. [PMID: 35007081 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of N-heteroarenes with alkynes has been developed via a cobalt-catalyzed dearomative umpolung strategy in the presence of chiral ligand and reducing reagent. A variety of electron-deficient N-heteroarenes, including quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxaline, and pyridines, and internal or terminal alkynes are employed in this reaction, showing a broad substrate scope and good functionality tolerance. Annulation of electron-rich indoles with alkynes is also developed. This protocol provides a straightforward access to a variety of N-spiroheterocyclic molecules in excellent enantioselectivities (76 examples, up to 99% ee).
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Stereoselective 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Trisubstituted Alkenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Heck/Suzuki or Heck/Sonogashira Domino Sequence. CCS CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.31635/ccschem.020.202000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Enantioselective Arylation of Tetrasubstituted Enamines: Access to Enantioenriched Indolenine and 1H-Indole Derivatives. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Novel compound heterozygous mutations in ganglioside GM3 synthase deficiency. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1157-1162. [PMID: 32666775 DOI: 10.23812/19-255-l-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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3,3′-Disubstituted Oxindoles Formation via Copper-Catalyzed Arylboration and Arylsilylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:3215-3218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomative Arylvinylation Reaction of Indoles with N-Arylsulfonylhydrazones. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of indolines from N-bromobenzoyl o-iodoanilines and alkynes is developed via a domino Larock annulation/dearomative Heck reaction.
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Synthesis of tetracyclic indolin-3-ones through Pd-catalyzed intramolecular deacetylative dearomatization of 3-acetoxy-indoles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13959-13967. [PMID: 35519305 PMCID: PMC9064017 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02569c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed intramolecular deacetylative dearomatization reaction of 3-acetoxyindoles has been developed. A range of tetracyclic indolin-3-ones bearing C2-quaternary stereocenters are achieved in good yields, showing a wide substrate scope for this reaction. A preliminary enantioselective reaction is established to furnish the product in 63% ee by using (R,R,R)-phosphoramide-PE as a chiral ligand. An efficient palladium-catalyzed intramolecular deacetylative dearomatization reaction of 3-acetoxyindoles is disclosed, affording tetracyclic indolin-3-ones bearing C2-quaternary stereocenters in good yields.![]()
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Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed dearomative arylphosphorylation reaction of indoles involving C–C/C–P bond formation is developed.
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20
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[Etiology and clinical analysis of central nervous system infection caused by Coxsackievirus B5 in severe hand, foot and mouth disease in Qingdao City, 2013-2014]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2018; 52:1168-1172. [PMID: 30419703 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To illuminate the gene characteristics and clinical characterization of Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) strains isolated from patients with sevre hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao city. Methods: A total of 1 844 patients of HFMD were consecutively admitted to Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from 2013 to 2014. Information of the study population described above was collected retrospectively. The samples were collected from at least 1 site (throat swab, cerebrospinal fluid), which viral nucleic acid extracted and the entire VP1 gene sequences of CV-B5 isolates were amplified and sequenced, then the homology and phylogeny analysis were conducted by MEGA7.0. The prototype Faulkner strain and other VP1 amino acid sequences were derived from the GenBank database. Results: A total of 8 CV-B5 positive cases were obtained, including 4 males and 4 females; 6 severe hospitalized cases and 2 outpatients. The age of 6 hospitalized patients ranged from 3 to 48 months, with a median of 26 months. For the six inpatients, fever, convulsions vomiting, diarrhea and rash were the main clinical manifestation, and all combined with viral encephalitis. Compared with the prototype strain Faulkner, in the VP1 region,the nucleotide and the amino acid homologies was 77.3%-78.8% and 95.5%-97.0% respectively. Five out of the six severe cases with substitution of serine (S) to asparagine (N) at amino acid site 95 in the VP1 region. The sequences of 8 CV-B5 strains were classified into genogroup D. Conclusion: Hand, foot and mouth disease associated with CV-B5 virus infection can result in nervous system involvement and the main complication was viral encephalitis. The CV-B5 strains associated with severe hand, foot and mouth disease had high nucleotide homology and present a certain regional aggregation.
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Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Dearomative Heck Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13945-13951. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts C2-alkylation of 3-substituted indoles with trifluoropyruvates and cyclic N-sulfonyl α-ketiminoesters. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts C2-alkylations of 3-substituted indoles with trifluoropyruvates and cyclic α-ketiminoesters were developed, delivering indole-containing α-hydroxyesters and α-aminoesters in excellent enantioselectivities.
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Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative alkenylation of indoles through a reductive-Heck reaction. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective intramolecular dearomatizing olefination of indoles has been developed through a Pd-catalyzed reductive Heck reaction.
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Abstract
Compounds bearing chiral benzylic stereocenters are important and frequently occur in natural products and drug molecules. In this account, we discuss our recent results on the construction of benzylic stereogenic centers based on enantioselective arylation and related domino sequences, mainly including asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions and asymmetric Heck reactions.1 Introduction2 The Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction2.1 Reactions of Electron-Deficient Alkenes2.2 Reactions of Active Ketimines2.3 Reactions of Nitrones2.4 Reactions of Aziridines3 The Asymmetric Heck Reaction3.1 Dearomative Heck Reactions and Related Domino Sequences3.2 Heck Reactions of in situ Formed Enamines4 Conclusion and Outlook
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Enantioselective Dearomative Difunctionalization of Indoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Heck/Sonogashira Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Enantioselective Dearomative Difunctionalization of Indoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Heck/Sonogashira Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7475-7478. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Spirooxindole synthesis via palladium-catalyzed dearomative reductive-Heck reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2711-2715. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 3,2′-spiropyrrolidine oxindole scaffolds via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative reductive-Heck reaction and [2,3-b]quinolinones through direct C3-arylation.
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[Urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma in children: analysis of 39 cases]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1994; 32:299-302. [PMID: 7842948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
From 1967 to 1992, 39 patients with urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma were admitted to our hospital. Of them 30 were male and 8 female and their age ranged from 4 months to 14 years (32 were less than 5 years). Primary tumor was located in bladder or/and prostate in 26, paratesticule 9, vagina 3, and penis 1. Among the 31 patients receiving treatment, 23 were followed up. There were 15 (65%) survivors, including 13 who were free from tumor for over 4 years. The eldest two patients were 20 and 21 years of age. Two patients with vaginal tumor and 4 with bladder tumor preserved their organs with normal function. Biopsy were done only in 8 patients. In recent years, conservative surgery combined with chemotherapy for urogenital rhabdomyosarcoma has been justified.
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[The application of modified fetal biophysical profile scoring for prenatal monitoring]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 1994; 29:213-6, 252. [PMID: 8082443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
High risk pregnancy 649 cases with gestational age 35 weeks and above were evaluated by modified fetal biophysical profile scoring (BPS) prospectively with B-ultrasonography and electronic fetal monitor mode 115. A total of 1,066 BPS were done. There were 6 fetal deaths with a perinatal mortality rate of 9.24/1000, of whom 4 died from fatal congenital abnormality, 1 was still birth of 35 weeks prematurely delivered, and one was postterm (> 42 weeks) intrauterine death. The corrected perinatal mortality was 3.00/1000. The clinical significance of BPS in predicting fetal hypoxia was discussed. As a predictive method it did help to prevent and treat fetal hypoxic damage at an earlier stage, so that the perinatal mortality rate declined remarkably. The 4 parameters in BPS by ultrasonography were more sensitive for positive predicting than NST.
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Congenital anterior urethral valves and diverticula--analysis of 50 cases. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 1989; 18:665-8. [PMID: 2516424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fifty patients with anterior urethral valvular obstruction were reviewed. All of them had difficulty in urination, 15 patients had recurrent high fever, 8 patients had features of renal failure, and 5 patients had a reducible swelling at the penoscrotal junction. With voiding cystourethrograph, distension of the proximal urethra was seen in all patients. Diverticula of the urethra could be demonstrated in 15 patients. Eight patients had unilateral, and 2 patients had bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. With intravenous pyelograph, unilateral hydronephrosis was seen in 4 and bilateral hydronephrosis was seen in 19. Excision of the valve and/or diverticulum with primary repair was performed in 29 patients, 28 were cured, 1 died of renal failure 8 years postoperatively. Multi-stage procedures were performed in 7 patients. Transurethral fulguration of the valve was performed in 14 patients. Nine patients were cured, secondary operations were needed in 5 patients.
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[Diagnostic and management of posterior urethral valves]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1987; 25:640-2, 669, 56. [PMID: 3450497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fetal cartilage graft in periodontal disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 1987; 100:429-30. [PMID: 3115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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