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Ferreira Mendes B, Improta-Caria AC, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Dias Peixoto MF, Cardoso Cassilhas R, Menezes de Oliveira E, Leoni De Sousa RA. Resistance Training Reduces Blood Pressure Putative Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:CHYR-EPUB-137633. [PMID: 38258772 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021277791240102041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by higher blood pressure levels. The main treatment for controlling high blood pressure consists of drug therapy, but the scientific literature has been pointing to the efficiency of aerobic and resistance exercises acting in a therapeutic and/or preventive way to reduce and control the blood pressure levels. Resistance training is characterized by sets and repetitions on a given muscle segment that uses overload, such as machine weights, bars, and dumbbells. As it successfully affects a number of variables associated to practitioners' functional and physiological features as well as emotional and social variables, resistance training has been a crucial part of physical exercise programs. Several reports highlight the various adaptive responses it provides, with a focus on the improvement in strength, balance, and muscular endurance that enables a more active and healthy lifestyle. Resistance training programs that are acute, sub-chronic, or chronic can help people with varying ages, conditions, and pathologies reduce their arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms associated with resistance training to reduce blood pressure still need to be better understood. Thus, we aimed to understand the main effects of resistance training on blood pressure as well as the associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Caique Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Oliva HNP, Oliveira GM, Oliva IO, Cassilhas RC, de Paula AMB, Monteiro-Junior RS. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cognitive function after high- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions. Neurosci Lett 2023; 817:137511. [PMID: 37820993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This crossover study explored the acute effect of a session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on middle cerebral artery (MCA) variables such as cerebral blood velocity, pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) through transcranial Doppler (TCD), and cognitive function (CF - verbal fluency and Digit Span) in healthy young adults. Participants (26 healthy young adults, 13 women, 24 ± 3 years) underwent two different randomized exercise sessions: (1) MICT (60 % heart rate reserve, HRR) and (2) HIIT (80 % HRR). MCA velocity, PI, RI, CF, and serum lactate were measured immediately before and after the sessions. HIIT demonstrated improved executive function/semantic fluency (20 %, p = 0.019), while both MICT and HIIT increased lactate (625 %, HIIT, p < 0.001, and 238 %, MICT, p < 0.001). Other assessments remained stable, except for reduced PI (p = 0.029) and RI (p = 0.023) after MICT, with no significant difference (pre-post for HIIT-MICT). Notably, cognition improvement correlated with lactate increase in HIIT (ρ = 0.436; p < 0.001). Executive function/semantic fluency increased after HIIT relative to MICT. The findings show that there are no systematic out-of-normal changes in the cerebrovascular circulation of clinically healthy adults undergoing HIIT and MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America; State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (FCBS), Department of Physical Education, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Renato S Monteiro-Junior
- State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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3
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De Sousa RAL, Cassilhas RC. Gestational Diabetes Induced by Low Vitamin B6. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad171. [PMID: 37951839 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício-GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício-GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
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Melo DDS, Costa Pereira L, Santos CS, Mendes BF, Konig IFM, Garcia BCC, Queiroz IP, Moreno LG, Cassilhas RC, Esteves EA, Vieira ER, Magalhães FDC, Capettini LDSA, Sousa RALD, Sampaio KH, Dias Peixoto MF. Intense Caloric Restriction from Birth Prevents Cardiovascular Aging in Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:194-205. [PMID: 37694594 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a 50% caloric restriction (CR) from birth improves several cardiometabolic risk factors in young rats. In this study, we investigated in middle-aged rats the consequences of a 50% CR from birth on cardiometabolic risk factors, heart function/morphology, ventricular arrhythmia, and fibrillation incidence, and cardiac intracellular proteins involved with redox status and cell survival. From birth to the age of 18 months, rats were divided into an Ad Libitum (AL18) group, which had free access to food, and a CR18 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL18. Resting metabolic rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded, and oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses, and visceral fat and liver were harvested and weighed. Hearts were harvested for cardiac function, histological, redox status, and western blot analyses. The 50% CR from birth potentially reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors in 18-month-old rats. Moreover, compared with AL18, the CR18 group showed a ∼50% increase in cardiac contractility and relaxation, nearly three to five times less incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, ∼18% lower cardiomyocyte diameter, and ∼60% lower cardiac fibrosis. CR18 hearts also improved biomarkers of antioxidant defense and cell survival. Collectively, these results reveal several metabolic and cardiac antiaging effects of a 50% CR from birth in middle-aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirceu de Sousa Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Liliane Costa Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Carina Sousa Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Caroline Chaves Garcia
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ilkilene Pinheiro Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Lauane Gomes Moreno
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Kinulpe Honorato Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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De Sousa RAL, Cassilhas RC. Microglia role as the regulator of cognitive function. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2023; 69:e20230412. [PMID: 37466612 PMCID: PMC10352012 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Physical Education Department - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Physical Education Department - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
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Coutinho LA, Leão LL, Cassilhas RC, de Paula AMB, Deslandes AC, Monteiro-Junior RS. Alzheimer's disease genes and proteins associated with resistance and aerobic training: An in silico analysis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111948. [PMID: 36087875 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise appears to be a viable intervention for maintaining cognitive function and regaining functional autonomy, and perhaps even contributing to a slower progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To explore different neuroplasticity pathways modulated by aerobic and strength training, determine whether signaling pathways overlapped for each specific training method (aerobic and strength training), and evaluate whether there is a functional relationship between APOE and APP gene expression with aerobic training modulated by BDNF; and strength training modulated by IGF-1. METHODS An in silico analysis was performed to analyze the connection between exercise types and neuroplasticity as a protective factor in AD. The platform provides a protein-protein interaction network translated into known and predicted interactions. A score > 0.70 was determined as high confidence and the network was considered significant when the Protein-Protein Interaction Enrichment was <0.01. RESULTS Multiple functional associations considered significant between the analyzed proteins. The results of our gene network model support that exercise, both aerobic and strength, can modulate genes that affect hippocampal neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, which may delay cognitive decline and Alzheimer's related symptoms. CONCLUSION The investigation about the functional association of aerobic training via BDNF in the modulation of APP, APOE, and MAPT genes in the hippocampus seems to be established, while strength training seems to induce the production of IGF-1 and IGF-1R, modulating AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Lemos Leão
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Physical Education and Sport Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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Ferreira PPR, Silva LFR, Dias-Peixoto MF, Cassilhas RC, Gripp F, Amorim FT, Mang ZA, Esteves EA, Tricoli VA, Ferraresi C, Magalhães FDC. Effects of the association of different volumes of strength training with photobiomodulation therapy on insulin resistance: A protocol for a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 29:100984. [PMID: 36052175 PMCID: PMC9424937 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is the main risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Both strength training (ST) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) reduce IR, but the effect of combining different volumes of ST with PBMt is unknown. Methods Overweight/obese individuals will be assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group): ST with volume following international guidelines (3 sets per exercise - high volume) or one-third of this volume (1 set per exercise - low volume), combined with PBMt or placebo. ST will be performed for 20 sessions over 10 weeks and will consist of 7 exercises. The PBMt will be applied after training sessions using blankets with light emitters (LEDs) placed over the skin on the frontal and the posterior region of the body, following the parameters recommended by the literature. The placebo group will undergo an identical procedure, but blankets will emit insignificant light. To measure plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) will be performed before and after the training period. Thereafter, IR, the area under the curve of glucose and insulin, and OGTT-derived indices of insulin sensitivity/resistance will be calculated. Expected impact on the field This study will determine the effects of different ST volumes on IR and whether the addition of PBMt potentiates the effects of ST. Because previously sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant individuals might not comply with recommended volumes of exercise, the possibility that adding PBMt to low-volume ST enhances ST effects on IR bears practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulo Ribeiro Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís Filipe Rocha Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gripp
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zachary A Mang
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Valmor A Tricoli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleber Ferraresi
- Deparment of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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Sousa RALD, de Magalhães COD, Dias IR, de Oliveira LRS, Improta-Caria AC, Cassilhas RC. Cross talk mechanisms of aerobic exercise training on obesity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease: the role of insulin resistance. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:963-967. [PMID: 35946775 PMCID: PMC9574969 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Corresponding author:
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz de Magalhães
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Isabella Rocha Dias
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Universidade federal da Bahia, Faculty of Medicine, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
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Gripp F, de Jesus Gomes G, De Sousa RAL, Alves de Andrade J, Pinheiro Queiroz I, Diniz Magalhães CO, Cassilhas RC, de Castro Magalhães F, Amorim FT, Dias-Peixoto MF. A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement. J Vis Exp 2022. [PMID: 35285830 DOI: 10.3791/63708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as an interesting time-efficient approach to increase exercise adherence and improve health. However, few studies have tested the efficiency of HIIT protocols in a "real world" setting, e.g., HIIT protocols designed for outdoor spaces without specialized equipment. This study presents a "real world" training protocol, named "beep training", and compares the efficiency of a HIIT regiment versus a traditional long-duration Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) regiment using this beep training protocol on VO2 max of overweight untrained men. Twenty-two subjects performed outdoor running with MICT (n = 11) or HIIT (n = 11). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed before and after training protocols using a metabolic analyzer. Both training protocols were performed 3 days a week for 8 weeks using the Beep Test results. The MICT group performed the exercise program at 60%-75% of the maximum speed of the 20 m shuttle test (Vmax) and with a progression of the distance of 3,500-5,000 m. The HIIT group performed the interval exercise with 7-10 bouts of 200 m at 85%-100% of the maximum speed of the 20 m shuttle test (Vmax), interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery. Although the HIIT group presented a significantly lower training volume than the MICT group (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of beep training, HIIT was superior to MICT in improving VO2 max (MICT: ~4.1%; HIIT: ~7.3%; p < 0.05). The "real world" HIIT regiment based on beep training protocol is a time-efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-implement protocol for overweight untrained men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gripp
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys
| | - Gilton de Jesus Gomes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys;
| | - Júllia Alves de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys
| | | | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys;
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De Sousa RAL, Mendes BF, Costa-Pereira L, de Souza Pereira RR, de Andrade JA, Diniz e Magalhães CO, Gripp F, Magalhães FDC, Andrade EF, Cassilhas RC, Dias-Peixoto MF. Accumulated High-intensity Interval Training Protocol: A New Approach to Study Health Markers in Wistar Rats. J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/63328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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11
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de Lima NS, De Sousa RAL, Amorim FT, Gripp F, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Henrique Pinto S, Peixoto MFD, Monteiro-Junior RS, Bourbeau K, Cassilhas RC. Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training improve cognition, and BDNF levels of middle-aged overweight men. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:463-471. [PMID: 34762211 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, which has been associated with poor cognitive outcomes. Participating in regular physical exercise may also improve cognition, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but the optimal exercise prescription remains to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effects of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognition, and serum BDNF levels in middle-aged and overweight men. Twenty-five sedentary, overweight men participated in the 8-week training intervention. Subjects were randomized into MICT (n = 12) or HIIT (n = 13) and performed exercise sessions 3x/week for 8-weeks. Cognitive function, and serum BDNF levels were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Graph Pad Prism 7.0, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Significant improvements were observed in cognitive test scores, and BDNF levels in MICT and HIIT groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cognitive function between MICT and HIIT. The present study implicates that 8 weeks of MICT or HIIT may be a very useful non-pharmacological treatment option to improve cognitive function, and BDNF levels in middle-aged overweight men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neumir Sales de Lima
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Gripp
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Henrique Pinto
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Physical Education and Sport Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Kelsey Bourbeau
- Department of Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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de Oliveira LRS, Machado FSM, Rocha-Dias I, E Magalhães COD, De Sousa RAL, Cassilhas RC. An overview of the molecular and physiological antidepressant mechanisms of physical exercise in animal models of depression. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4965-4975. [PMID: 35092564 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a global disease that affects the physical and mental health of people of all ages. Non-pharmacological and unconventional methods of treatment, such as regular physical exercise, have been recommended to treat depression. METHODS Here, we briefly review the literature about the physiological and molecular mechanisms of exercise antidepressants in depressive-like behavior in animal models of depression. RESULTS The main hysiological and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in depression include blood flow changes in several areas of the brain, increase in brain serotonin synthesis, increase in antioxidant enzymes, increase in serum and brain brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) levels, decrease in cortisol levels and reduced inflammation in peripheral and brain tissues. Physical exercise also leads to increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), PGC-1α/FNDC5/Irisin pathway, BDNF concentrations (serum and cerebral), extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP-response element binding protein (mainly in neurons of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), which together contribute to fight or inhibit the development of depression symptoms. These molecular and physiological mechanisms work in synchrony, further enhancing their effects. CONCLUSION Physical exercise can be used as a safe and effective non-pharmacological treatment in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Bairro Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Isabella Rocha-Dias
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Bairro Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil. .,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. .,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. .,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.
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13
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Sousa RALD, Lima NSD, Amorim FT, Gripp F, Magalhães CODE, Pinto SH, Dias-Peixoto MF, Monteiro-Junior RS, Bourbeau K, Cassilhas RC. Endurance and high-intensity interval training improve the levels of anxiety and quality of life in overweight men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:1177-1181. [PMID: 34669866 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Departamento de Educação Física - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Neumir Sales de Lima
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Departamento de Educação Física - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences - Albuquerque (NM), Estado Unidos
| | - Fernando Gripp
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Departamento de Educação Física - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Departamento de Educação Física - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Samuel Henrique Pinto
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Departamento de Educação Física - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Departamento de Educação Física - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Departamento de Educação Física e Esporte - Montes Claros (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Montes Claros (MG), Brazil
| | - Kelsey Bourbeau
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences - Albuquerque (NM), Estado Unidos
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Departamento de Educação Física - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia - Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
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De Sousa RAL, Santos LG, Lopes PM, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Cassilhas RC. Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13298. [PMID: 34105227 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in memory. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo databases with the following descriptors: "physical exercise," "memory," and "obesity." A total of 16 studies were analyzed in this review. Low, moderate, and high intensity exercise training showed positive effects on memory in patients with obesity (100%). The animal models of obesity used in their physical exercise protocols: treadmill (72.7%) or wheel running (27.3%). Most of the animal studies (81.8%) revealed positive effects of the physical exercise protocol on memory in obesity. Mouse was the most commonly used animal (54.5%), and a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) was the most commonly method used to induce obesity (82%). We did not identify any knockout model of obesity that was used to evaluate memory and used physical exercise as the main intervention. Thus, exercise training, independently if it is resistance or endurance training, seems to be an excellent intervention to prevent and inhibit cognitive impairment and memory loss on obese patients and animal models of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Letícia Gomes Santos
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Maurício Lopes
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
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15
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC, Cassilhas RC. Effects of physical exercise on memory in type 2 diabetes: a brief review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1559-1563. [PMID: 34115274 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that can lead to memory impairment. T2D main features are insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention that can regulate glycemic levels and fight insulin resistance in T2D, but whether it influences memory has been discussed. There are 2 main types of physical exercise: aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. Here, we review about the consequences of different physical exercise protocols on memory in diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D. Physical exercise, aerobic or resistance training, most of the times, is a capable agent to prevent and treat memory loss on diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D. However, whether aerobic and resistance training combined improve memory in subjects with T2D remains controversial. Regarding animal models of T2D, aerobic and resistance training have been showed to be capable to prevent and treat memory loss. Acute and chronic protocols of exercise, generally, induce positive physiological responses and adaptations in T2D, such as a better glucose control. The ideal physical exercise protocol that will produce the best benefits to diabetic subjects and to animal models of T2D has not been described yet. A variety of combination between intensity, volume, frequency, and duration of the physical exercise protocol on future studies is necessary to both diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D to determine the best protocol that will induce more benefits on memory in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudo em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudo em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Brazil
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC, Aras-Júnior R, de Oliveira EM, Soci ÚPR, Cassilhas RC. Physical exercise effects on the brain during COVID-19 pandemic: links between mental and cardiovascular health. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1325-1334. [PMID: 33492565 PMCID: PMC7829117 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The quarantine period during corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak might affect the quality of life leading thousands of individuals to diminish the daily caloric expenditure and mobility, leading to a sedentary behavior and increase the number of health disorders. Exercising is used as a non-pharmacological treatment in many chronic diseases. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. We also point links between exercise, mental, and cardiovascular health. The infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 affects host cells binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. If there is not enough oxygen supply the lungs and other tissues, such as the heart or brain, are affected. SARS-CoV-2 enhances ACE2 leading to inflammation and neuronal death with possible development of mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Physical exercise also enhances the ACE2 expression. Conversely, the activation of ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas axis by physical exercise induces an antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect. Physical exercise has beneficial effects on mental health enhancing IGF-1, PI3K, BDNF, ERK, and reducing GSK3β levels. In addition, physical exercise enhances the activity of PGC-1α/ FNDC5/Irisin pathway leading to neuronal survival and the maintenance of a good mental health. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to elevation of ACE2 levels through pathological mechanisms that lead to neurological and cardiovascular complications, while the physiological response of ACE2 to physical exercise improves cardiovascular and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Treinamento Físico (LETFIS), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, n° 5000 - CEP, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roque Aras-Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Sao Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Úrsula Paula Reno Soci
- Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Sao Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
- Laboratório de Treinamento Físico (LETFIS), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, n° 5000 - CEP, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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De Sousa RAL, Rodrigues CM, Mendes BF, Improta-Caria AC, Peixoto MFD, Cassilhas RC. Physical exercise protocols in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:85-95. [PMID: 33095371 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several animal studies have showed the beneficial effects of physical exercise (PE) on brain function and health. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, characterized by the presence of aggregated extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles, with progressive cognitive decline. Therapeutic approaches such as PE showed to be effective in halting AD progression. Here, we present a systematic review about PE and AD. The search was carried out using the PubMed and LILACS databases. The following keywords were used: Alzheimer; PE; animal model. All found studies adopted aerobic exercise training as the PE protocol (100%). We identified running on treadmill as the most commonly used PE routine (62.5%). The duration of each session, intensity, frequency, and period of training most used were 60 min/day (62.5%), moderate intensity (87.5%), 5 days/week (62.5%), and 4 (37.5%) or 12 (37.5%) weeks, respectively. The AD animal models most used were the Tg APP/PS1ΔE9 (25%), models based on i.c.v. infusion of AβOs (25%) and streptozotocin (25%). All protocols used rodents to their experiments (100%), but mice were the most common (62.5%). Finally, the main results presented in all studies were capable to reduce significantly AD consequences, such as reducing Aβ or pro-inflammatory proteins levels (100%). The lack of resistance training protocols in animal models of AD indicates a huge gap that should be investigated in future studies. We suggest that PE protocols must be adapted according to the specie, lineage and life span of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Cíntia Maria Rodrigues
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fudamental Nursing Post Graduation Program, São Paulo State University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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De Sousa RAL, Peixoto MFD, Leite HR, Oliveira LRSD, Freitas DA, Silva-Júnior FAD, Oliveira HS, Rocha-Vieira E, Cassilhas RC, Oliveira DBD. Neurological consequences of exercise during prenatal Zika virus exposure to mice pups. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:1091-1101. [PMID: 33287589 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1860970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the pregnancy period is related to microcephaly and neurobehavioral disorders at birth, while prenatal exercise is supposed to provide neuroprotection in newborns pups. The aim of this study was to investigate the neurological consequences of exercise during prenatal ZIKV exposure to mice pups. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve weeks female mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Control group, intraperitoneally injected with saline (Control); untrained group, intraperitoneally injected with ZIKV (ZIKV); and trained group, intraperitoneally injected with ZIKV (ZIKV/swim). There was one familiarization week prior to the beginning of the swimming training. Dams swam for 60 min/session, 5 days/week, during 4 weeks. Mating occurred between the fifth and seventh day of the first week of the swimming training. ZIKV 106 plaque-forming units/100 µl (106 PFUs/100 µl) or an equal volume of saline was intraperitoneally injected in the pregnant mice at embryonic day 10.5. Pup's body mass and brain weight were measured at postnatal day 1 (P1). Behavioral tests were performed from P30 to P35. Thereafter, hippocampal levels of syntaxin-1, GFAP, IBA-1, and BDNF were measured. RESULTS Exercise during prenatal ZIKV exposure prevented brain atrophy, development of depression, anxiety, and disruption of social behavior. Exercise during prenatal ZIKV exposure inhibited the overexpression of microglia (IBA-1) and astrocytes (GFAP), with reduction of BDNF levels in the hippocampi of female and male mice pups. No significant changes were seen in syntaxin-1 levels. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal beneficial effects of exercise during pregnancy exposure to ZIKV in mice pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - GENE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - GENE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Almeida Freitas
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fidelis Antonio da Silva-Júnior
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henoque Santos Oliveira
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - GENE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Gripp F, Nava RC, Cassilhas RC, Esteves EA, Magalhães COD, Dias-Peixoto MF, de Castro Magalhães F, Amorim FT. HIIT is superior than MICT on cardiometabolic health during training and detraining. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:159-172. [PMID: 33000332 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the cardiometabolic health of overweight/obese untrained individuals in response to 8 weeks of HIIT and MICT using a field approach, and to 4 weeks of training cessation (TC). METHODS Twenty-two subjects performed 8 weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT-n = 11) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT-n = 11) (outdoor running), followed by 4 weeks of TC. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism and blood lipids were measured pre-training (PRE), post-training (POST) and TC. RESULTS HIIT improved eight indicators of cardiometabolic health ([Formula: see text], BMI, body fat, visceral fat, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose and triglycerides-p < 0.05) while MICT only three ([Formula: see text], BMI, and visceral fat-p < 0.05). After 4 weeks of TC, four positive adaptations from HIIT were negatively affected ( [Formula: see text], visceral fat, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol-p < 0.05) and three in the MICT group ([Formula: see text], BMI and visceral fat, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Eight weeks of HIIT performed in a real-world setting promoted a greater number of positive adaptations in cardiometabolic health of individuals with overweight/obese compared to MICT. Most of the positive effects of the HIIT protocol were also found to be longer lasting and maintained after the suspension of high-intensity interval running for 4 weeks. Conversely, all positive effects of MICT protocols were reversed after TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gripp
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carlos Nava
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Johnson Center B145 MSC04 2610, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departamento of Nutrition, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz Magalhães
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Johnson Center B145 MSC04 2610, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Johnson Center B145 MSC04 2610, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA. .,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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20
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC, Jesus-Silva FMD, Magalhães CODE, Freitas DA, Lacerda ACR, Mendonça VA, Cassilhas RC, Leite HR. High-intensity resistance training induces changes in cognitive function, but not in locomotor activity or anxious behavior in rats induced to type 2 diabetes. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112998. [PMID: 32505787 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that can lead to cognitive decline through impairment of insulin signaling. Resistance training, a type of physical exercise, is a non-pharmacological approach used to improve insulin resistance in T2D. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) over cognitive function, locomotor activity, and anxious behavior in rats induced to T2D. Thirty young adult male wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups (n = 10): Control; dexamethasone (D); and dexamethasone + exercise (DE), that performed the HIRT during 4 weeks. Blood glucose, water intake, and total body fat were measured. Locomotor activity, and anxious behavior where evaluated through the open field task. Cognitive function was assessed through the novel object recognition task. Insulin resistance and neuronal death were evaluated through western blot analysis. Rats induced to T2D had higher blood glucose levels, and consumed more water when compared to control group, but DE had better blood glucose levels than D. Total body fat was reduced in DE compared to D. Locomotor activity, and anxious behavior were not significantly altered. T2D rats which performed HIRT maintained cognitive function, while those induced to T2D that did not exercise developed cognitive decline. DE group showed a reduction in the inhibition of the activation of hippocampal IRS-1 and higher expression of GSk3β phosphorylated in serine compared to D group, revealing insulin signaling impairment, and neuronal death were identified in the hippocampus of D group. Lifestyle intervention through the regular practice of HIRT plays a fundamental role in the treatment of T2D preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Caique Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Almeida Freitas
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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21
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Dias IR, Santos CDS, Magalhães CODE, de Oliveira LRS, Peixoto MFD, De Sousa RAL, Cassilhas RC. Does calorie restriction improve cognition? IBRO Rep 2020; 9:37-45. [PMID: 33336102 PMCID: PMC7733132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention to counteract aging-related diseases and improve longevity. This intervention has shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases and functional declines related to aging, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and neuroendocrine disorders. However, the effects of CR on cognition show controversial results since its effects vary according to intensity, duration, and the period of CR. This review focuses on the main studies published in the last ten years regarding the consequences of CR on cognition in different neurological diseases and conditions of experimental animals. Also, possible CR mimetics are discussed. These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of CR of up to 40 % on cognition when started early in life in non human animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rocha Dias
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Carina de Sousa Santos
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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22
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Rodrigues ACDMA, Tinini RCDR, Gatica-Rojas V, Deslandes AC, Pereira EL, de Rezende LF, Maillot P, Cassilhas RC, Monteiro-Junior RS. Motor-cognitive dual-task performance of older women evaluated using Wii Balance Board. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:907-912. [PMID: 31332739 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single- and dual-tasks are influenced by age-related impaired postural balance. Aim of this study was to analyze the Center of Pressure (CoP) oscillation during static balance in the presence or absence of cognitive task on older women. METHODS Thirty-one healthy older women were assessed in a stand quiet position with open/closed eyes (single-task, OE and CE) and with cognitive task (dual-task, DT) through Wii Balance Board. Sway area, total displacement and CoP oscillation (CO) based on the number of times that CoP traveled through anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Friedman test was used to compare OE, CE and DT. Dual-task interference percentage was used to quantify the cognitive load on balance whereas Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the association of cognitive domains and CO. RESULTS The CO was significantly higher in DT than in single-tasks and participants were unable to maintain their limits of stability in mediolateral direction. The cost of DT interference was 30.5%, which is partially explained by the deviation of attention from postural control to spatial and temporal orientation. CONCLUSION Our findings show that cognitive load during DT impairs balance in mediolateral direction, thus indicating the use of WBB to assess cognitive interference on postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina de Mello Alves Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty Santo Agostinho, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Valeska Gatica-Rojas
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program On Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Andréa Camaz Deslandes
- Post-Graduation Program of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ester Liberato Pereira
- Departament of Physical Education, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando de Rezende
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Pauline Maillot
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire TEC EA 3625, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
- Departament of Physical Education, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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23
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Rodrigues VD, Pimentel DDM, Brito ADS, Vieira MM, Santos AR, Machado AS, Pereira LKM, Soares FS, Gomes ESB, Alves MR, Souza LRD, Cassilhas RC, Júnior RSM, De-Paula AMB. Methodological validation of a vertical ladder with low intensity shock stimulus for resistance training in C57BL/6 mice: Effects on muscle mass and strength, body composition, and lactate plasma levels. jhse 2019. [DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.143.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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24
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Raso V, Cassilhas RC, Santana MGD, Boscolo RA, Viana VAR, Grassmann V, Tufik S, Mello MTD. Predictors of muscle strength in older individuals. Medical Express 2016. [DOI: 10.5935/medicalexpress.2016.03.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Novaes Gomes FG, Fernandes J, Vannucci Campos D, Cassilhas RC, Viana GM, D'Almeida V, de Moraes Rêgo MK, Buainain PI, Cavalheiro EA, Arida RM. The beneficial effects of strength exercise on hippocampal cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling is impaired by anabolic androgenic steroids. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 50:106-17. [PMID: 25202830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that strength exercise improves memory and increases expression of a myriad of proteins involved on neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Conversely, chronic exposure to supraphysiological levels of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can induce psychiatric abnormalities, cognitive deficits, impair neurotransmission, alter the levels of neurotrophic factors, decrease cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and enhance neuronal cell death. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the AAS nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration during a strength exercise program on cell proliferation, apoptotic status and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the rat hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 4 weeks of progressive strength exercise in a vertical ladder apparatus with or without daily doses (5.0 mg/kg, SC) of ND. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that strength exercise increased significantly the number of Ki-67-positive cells (a cell proliferation marker) in dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus. However, this effect was abrogated when strength exercise was combined with ND. Although western blot analysis of whole hippocampus showed no significant differences in Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression among groups, the immunoreactivity of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was significantly increased in DG, CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subfields of sedentary rats treated with ND. Moreover, the increase in the immunoreactivity of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (DG and CA3) induced by strength exercise was diminished by ND. There were no significant differences in BDNF expression among experimental groups. Therefore, the present findings suggest that the beneficial effects of strength exercise on hippocampal cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling are impaired by ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Guimarães Novaes Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculdade de Minas (FAMINAS), Muriaé-Minas Gerais, 36880-000, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Vannucci Campos
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monteiro Viana
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Ivo Buainain
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Esper Abrão Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil.
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26
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Antunes HKM, Santos-Galduroz RF, Miranda REEPC, Cassilhas RC, Bueno OFA, Mello MTD. O baixo consumo de oxigênio tem reflexos nos escores de depressão em idosos. Rev bras geriatr gerontol 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2014.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de exercício físico nos escores indicativos de depressão em idosos. Participaram 168 voluntários idosos, de ambos os sexos, com idades de 60 a 75 anos (65,66±4,28 anos), sendo 40 mulheres e 128 homens. Os voluntários foram alocados em sete grupos distintos: a) Controle sedentário (n=40); b) Controle resistido (n=23); c) Caminhada (n=23); d) Lazer (n= 20); e) Cicloergômetro (n=23); f) Resistido 50% de 1RM (n=19); e g) Resistido 80% de 1RM (n=20), sendo submetidos a um protocolo de seis meses de treinamento físico, três vezes por semana. O grupo "a" permaneceu sem alterar suas atividades de rotina durante o período de estudo e não se engajou em nenhum programa de exercício físico, já o grupo "b" compareceu no laboratório, mas realizou os exercícios sem carga. Antes e imediatamente após o período de estudo, os voluntários foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação para determinação do consumo de oxigênio e responderam à Escala Geriátrica de Depressão. Os resultados revelaram que os grupos "c" e "e", que se exercitaram em intensidades com predomínio do metabolismo aeróbio, apresentaram redução nos escores de depressão, sendo que as demais intervenções não foram suficientes para promover redução nessa variável. Os dados sugerem que exercícios com predominância no metabolismo aeróbio são mais efetivos em promover reduções em escores de depressão de idosos.
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Cassilhas RC, Reis IT, Venâncio D, Fernandes J, Tufik S, Mello MTD. Animal model for progressive resistance exercise: a detailed description of model and its implications for basic research in exercise. Motriz: rev educ fis 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742013000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Several animal models have been proposed for resistance training. In addition, the results of these studies have been highly variable. Some of the studies have used negative reinforcement, electric shock or food deprivation to motivate the learning of the task. Features such as conditioning through electric shock may undermine the significance of the results or even prevent the model from being successfully executed. Due to these reasons, in this study we propose to use an adaptation of the vertical ladder climbing model for progressive resistance training in rats, albeit with a unique feature to ensure the homogeneity of the study groups: a period of adaptation to the apparatus without any negative reinforcement followed by a subsequent pairing of animals based on their ability to learn. The animals were distributed in the experimental group who were subjected to 8 weeks of a progressive resistance exercise protocol and the control group. After 8wks, the gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus (FDL), and plantaris muscles were removed and the cross-sectional area morphometry was obtened. The animals from experimental group showed hypertrophy [F(4, 15)=17,404, P < 0.001] for gastrocnemius [60% of hipertrophy; Control (2628,64 ± 348,50) versus Experimental (4207,77 ± 1256,52); ES=1.96; Power=0,86]; FDL [35% of hipertrophy; Control (2753,80 ± 359,54) versus Experimental (3711,84 ± 279,45); ES=2.99; Power=0.99] and plantaris [38% of hipertrophy; Control (2730,44 ± 320,56) versus Experimental (3767,30 ± 625,80); ES=2.19; Power=0.92], without modifications for soleus. All animals successfully completed the 8-week progressive resistance training program without any injuries, abandonment or death. Negative reinforcements such as electric shock were not required at any time in the experiment. In conclusion, we showed an adaptation of the previus model for progressive resistance training in rats. A period of adaptation to the apparatus without any negative reinforcement followed by a subsequent pairing of animals based on their ability to learn may be a alternative strategy for the original protocol. We also observed hypertrophy (gastrocnemius, FDL, and plantaris) showed the vality of this procolos for resistance exercise issues. The results of this study may be useful in basic/ applied neuroscience research and resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil
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Cassilhas RC, Lee KS, Venâncio DP, Oliveira MGM, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Resistance exercise improves hippocampus-dependent memory. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1215-20. [PMID: 22930413 PMCID: PMC3854211 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that resistance exercise improves cognitive functions in humans. Thus, an animal model that mimics this phenomenon can be an important tool for studying the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. Here, we tested if an animal model for resistance exercise was able to improve the performance in a hippocampus-dependent memory task. In addition, we also evaluated the level of insulin-like growth factor 1/insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1/IGF-1R), which plays pleiotropic roles in the nervous system. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (N = 10 for each group): control, SHAM, and resistance exercise (RES). The RES group was submitted to 8 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in a vertical ladder apparatus, while the SHAM group was left in the same apparatus without exercising. Analysis of a cross-sectional area of the flexor digitorum longus muscle indicated that this training period was sufficient to cause muscle fiber hypertrophy. In a step-through passive avoidance task (PA), the RES group presented a longer latency than the other groups on the test day. We also observed an increase of 43 and 94% for systemic and hippocampal IGF-1 concentration, respectively, in the RES group compared to the others. A positive correlation was established between PA performance and systemic IGF-1 (r = 0.46, P < 0.05). Taken together, our data indicate that resistance exercise improves the hippocampus-dependent memory task with a concomitant increase of IGF-1 level in the rat model. This model can be further explored to better understand the effects of resistance exercise on brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Cassilhas
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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