1
|
Vepsäläinen H, Korkalo L, Skaffari E, Abdollahi AM, Pajulahti R, Lehto R, Engberg E, Leppänen MH, Lehto E, Ray C, Roos E, Erkkola M. How energy balance-related behaviours, temperament, stress and overweight associate: a cross-sectional study of Finnish preschoolers. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e93. [PMID: 38433593 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) examine the clustering of energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) and (2) investigate whether EBRB clusters, temperament and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) associate with overweight. DESIGN We assessed food consumption using food records, screen time (ST) using sedentary behaviour diaries, sleep consistency and temperament (negative affectivity, surgency, effortful control) using questionnaires and HCC using hair samples. Accelerometers were used to assess physical activity (PA) intensities, sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Researchers measured each child's weight and height. We used finite mixture models to identify EBRB clusters and multilevel logistic regression models to examine the associations between EBRB clusters, temperament, HCC and overweight. SETTING The cross-sectional DAGIS survey, data collected in 2015-2016. PARTICIPANTS Finnish 3-6-year-olds (n 864) recruited through preschools. RESULTS One-third of the participants were categorised into the cluster labelled 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time', characterised by unhealthy dietary choices (e.g. greater consumption of high-fat, high-sugar dairy products) and longer ST. Two-thirds were categorised into the second cluster, labelled 'Healthy diet, moderate screen time'. PA and sleep were irrelevant for clustering. Higher negative affectivity and lower effortful control associated with the 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time' cluster. EBRB clusters and HCC did not associate with overweight, but surgency was positively associated with overweight (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·25). CONCLUSIONS Of the EBRB, food consumption and ST seem to associate. As temperament associates with EBRB clusters and overweight, tailored support acknowledging the child's temperament could be profitable in maintaining a healthy weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Skaffari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna M Abdollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elviira Lehto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pajulahti R, Ray C, Korkalo L, Lehto R, Vepsäläinen H, Nissinen K, Roos E, Sajaniemi N, Salmela-Aro K, Erkkola M. Child temperament is associated with energy intake and its day-to-day variability among preschoolers-Results from a cross-sectional DAGIS study. Pediatr Obes 2023:e13041. [PMID: 37143391 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has linked children's temperament with weight outcomes, the associations between temperament and dietary outcomes, particularly energy intake, remain understudied. Furthermore, little is known about how temperament is associated with diet in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) context, which is an important environment for many children. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether temperament is associated with mean energy intake and its day-to-day variability. In addition, the associations were examined separately in the contexts of home and ECEC. METHODS The study used data from 505 Finnish children from a cross-sectional DAGIS study conducted in 2015-2016. Parents reported their child's temperament with a questionnaire and food consumption with a food record for two weekdays (outside daycare hours) and one weekend day. Early educators at an ECEC centre reported the child's food consumption during the daycare hours on the same weekdays as the parents kept food records at home. Associations were examined with linear regression models. RESULTS Children with higher surgency had a higher mean daily energy intake. When examined separately at home and in the ECEC centre, the association was found only in the ECEC centre. Children with higher negative affectivity had greater day-to-day variability in energy intake. This association, however, was not observed when examined separately at home and at the ECEC centre. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that temperament may shape children's energy intake. Moreover, the role of the ECEC context in children's eating may be different depending on a child's temperamental dispositions, which warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija Nissinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roos E, Pajulahti R, Lehto R, Nissinen K, Erkkola M, Ray C, Korkalo L. Is parental socioeconomic status associated with irregularity of energy intake among children? Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The timing of eating, chrono-nutrition, is a relatively new research area, where the focus is not on only what we eat but also when we eat and of irregularity between days. Chrono-nutrition have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors among adults. Societal factors influence the chrono-nutrition, but there is limited research on how different socioeconomic factors are associated with chrono-nutrition, especially among children. The aim of this study is to examine the association between parental socioeconomic status and irregularity of children’s energy intake.
Methods
We used data from the DAGIS (Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools) study in years 2015-2016, in which 864 preschool children participated (age 3-6 years old). Childreńs dietary intake was measured by a 3-day food record. We included only children that had complete data from all three days and the child was at day care on two of those days and one day was a weekend day (n = 568). To calculate the irregularity score, the absolute difference between the daily energy intake and 3-day mean intake for each three days was divided by the 3-day mean energy intake, multiplied by 100 and then averaged over the 3 days; this served as a measure of irregularity of energy intake, with a low score indicating a more regular energy intake and a higher more irregular energy intake. The parents reported highest parental educational level and household income on a questionnaire. The associations were tested by general linear models on SPSS.
Results
No association was found between parental educational level or household income with irregularity of children’s energy intake.
Conclusions
There was no association between parental socioeconomic status and children’s irregularity of energy intake. Other aspects of children’s chrono-nutrition should also be tested to be able to conclude that children’s chrono-nutrition is not influenced by parental socioeconomic status.
Key messages
• We found no association between parental socioeconomic status and irregularity in children’s energy intake.
• Chrono-nutrition among children is under-examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Samfundet Folkhälsan , Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Diet, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Pajulahti
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Samfundet Folkhälsan , Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Samfundet Folkhälsan , Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Nissinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Samfundet Folkhälsan , Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pajulahti R, Ray C, Salmela-Aro K, Korkalo L, Lehto R, Vepsäläinen H, Nissinen K, Roos E, Erkkola M. Preschool children’s temperament and its associations with energy intake. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives
Child's temperament dimensions have been linked with different weight outcomes as well as dietary factors such as consumption of fruit and vegetables, sugar-rich foods and drinks and an overall dietary quality. Links between temperament dimensions and energy intake, however, remain under-examined. This study expands the literature by investigating associations between child's temperament dimensions and energy intake.
Methods
Altogether 505 Finnish children aged 3-6 years provided data for the analyses. The data is a part of the DAGIS (Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools) study conducted in 2015-2016. Child's energy intake was measured with 3-day food records. To be included, children had to 1) have food record for two preschool days and one weekend day and 2) to have consumed both lunch and an afternoon snack in the preschool on the two preschool days. The very short form of Children's Behavior Questionnaire was used to measure child's temperament dimensions. Concurrent associations between three temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control) and energy intake were examined using linear regression models adjusted for child's age, sex, mother's highest education, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Results
Surgency, temperament dimension referring to characteristics such as impulsivity, high activity level and high approach, was positively associated with energy intake. Effortful control or negative affectivity were not associated with energy intake.
Conclusions
The findings imply that temperamental surgency may be one relevant determinant of energy intake among preschool children. The result is in line with previous studies linking child's surgency as well as its specific facets, such as impulsivity, with weight outcomes and food approach behaviors. Considering child's individual temperament dimensions when counselling families in eating issues could be beneficial.
Key messages
• Surgency, a temperament dimension referring to characteristics such as impulsivity, high activity level and high approach, was positively associated with energy intake.
• When promoting children’s balanced eating, tailored support for parents acknowledging child’s temperament could be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Ray
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Salmela-Aro
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Nissinen
- Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences , Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sääksjärvi K, Lehto E, Lehto R, Suhonen E, Leppänen M, Michels N, Saha M, Ray C, Vepsäläinen H, Pajulahti R, Heiman-Lindh A, Sainio T, Erkkola M, Roos E, Sajaniemi N. Associations between hair and salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and temperament dimensions among 3-6-year-olds. Horm Behav 2021; 135:105042. [PMID: 34418581 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Associations between hair cortisol concentration (HCC), diurnal salivary cortisol (sCort) and alpha-amylase (sAA), and temperament dimensions were examined among 3-6-year-old Finnish children (n = 833). Children's hair samples were collected at preschool, while parents collected five saliva samples from children during one weekend day and completed a questionnaire assessing child's temperament dimensions i.e. surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control (HCC, n = 677; AUCg of sAA, n = 380; AUCg of sCort, n = 302; temperament dimensions, n = 751). In linear regression analysis, diurnal sCort associated positively with HCC, the association persisting after adjustments (β 0.31, 95% CI 0.20-0.42). In logistic regression analysis, increasing scores in effortful control associated with higher likelihood of having high HCC (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07-2.03), the association slightly attenuating to non-significant after adjustments. Otherwise, no clear indication for associations between temperament and stress-related biomarkers were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katri Sääksjärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elviira Lehto
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eira Suhonen
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marja Leppänen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, P. O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mari Saha
- Faculty of Education and Culture, P. O. Box 700, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anu Heiman-Lindh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Taina Sainio
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Food and Nutrition, P. O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, P. O. Box 20, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Teacher Education, P. O. Box 9, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leppänen MH, Kaseva K, Pajulahti R, Sääksjärvi K, Mäkynen E, Engberg E, Ray C, Erkkola M, Sajaniemi N, Roos E. Temperament, physical activity and sedentary time in preschoolers - the DAGIS study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:129. [PMID: 33726712 PMCID: PMC7962366 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying individual characteristics linked with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) can assist in designing health-enhancing interventions for children. We examined cross-sectional associations of temperament characteristics with 1) PA and SED and 2) meeting the PA recommendation in Finnish children. Methods Altogether, 697 children (age: 4.7 ± 0.9 years, 51.6% boys) within the Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) study were included. Parents responded to the Very Short Form of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire consisting of three temperament dimensions: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. PA and SED were assessed for 7 days (24 h per day) using a hip-worn ActiGraph accelerometer, and the daily minutes spent in light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and SED were calculated. The PA recommendation was defined as having PA at least 180 min/day, of which at least 60 min/day was in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were applied. Results Surgency was associated with LPA (B = 3.80, p = 0.004), MPA (B = 4.87, p < 0.001), VPA (B = 2.91, p < 0.001), SED (B = − 11.45, p < 0.001), and higher odds of meeting the PA recommendation (OR = 1.56, p < 0.001). Effortful control was associated with MPA (B = − 3.63, p < 0.001), VPA (B = − 2.50, p < 0.001), SED (B = 8.66, p < 0.001), and lower odds of meeting the PA recommendation (OR = 0.61, p = 0.004). Negative affectivity was not associated with PA, SED, or meeting the PA recommendation. Conclusion Children’s temperament should be considered when promoting PA in preschoolers. Special attention should be paid to children scoring high in the temperament dimension effortful control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marja H Leppänen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Kaseva
- Cicero Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Pajulahti
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Sääksjärvi
- Cicero Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ella Mäkynen
- Cicero Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Engberg
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Cicero Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.,Department of Public Health Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pajulahti R, Salmela-Aro K, Lehto R, Vepsäläinen H, Lehto E, Nissinen K, Skaffari E, Sääksjärvi K, Roos E, Sajaniemi N, Erkkola M, Ray C. Does temperament make children differently susceptible to their home physical food environment? A cross-sectional DAGIS study on 3-6 year old Finnish children's food consumption. Appetite 2021; 161:105140. [PMID: 33524441 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Consistently linked with children's food consumption are food availability and accessibility. However, less is known about potential individual differences among young children in their susceptibility to home food environments. The purpose of the study was to examine whether the association between home food availability and accessibility of sugar-rich foods and drinks (SFD) or fruits and vegetables (FV) and children's consumption of these foods differ according to their temperament. The study used two cross-sectional datasets collected as part of the Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) study: 1) a cross-sectional data of 864 children aged 3-6 years old collected between fall 2015 and spring 2016, and 2) an intervention baseline data of 802 children aged 3-6 collected in fall 2017. Parents reported their children's temperament, consumption of FV and SFD, and home availability and accessibility of SFD and FV. Examination of whether associations between home availability and accessibility of FV and their consumption differ according to children's temperament involved using linear regression models. Similar models were used to examine association between home availability and accessibility of SFD and their consumption, and the moderating role of temperament. The association between home accessibility of SFD and their consumption frequency was dependent on the level of children's negative affectivity. More frequent consumption of SFD was observed with higher home accessibility of SFD. The association was stronger in children with higher scores in negative affectivity. No other interactions were found. Children with higher negative affectivity are possibly more vulnerable to food cues in the home environment than children with lower negative affectivity. Consideration of children's individual characteristics is necessary in supporting their healthy eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Pajulahti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Reetta Lehto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elviira Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Finland
| | - Kaija Nissinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 412, 60101, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Essi Skaffari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Sääksjärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. BOX 20, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Finland; Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lehto E, Lehto R, Ray C, Pajulahti R, Sajaniemi N, Erkkola M, Roos E. Are associations between home environment and preschool children's sedentary time influenced by parental educational level in a cross-sectional survey? Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:27. [PMID: 33422074 PMCID: PMC7796557 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, especially in low socioeconomic groups. Sedentary time (SED) is an important predictor of obesity. To be able to diminish SED it is important to find modifiable predictors of sedentary behavior. The home environment associated with children’s SED may vary by parental socioeconomic status. This study aims to clarify the association between parental educational level (PEL) and the home environment of 3–6-year-old children, and to examine how home environment associates with children’s SED, and whether PEL modifies these associations. Methods A cross-sectional Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study was conducted in 2015–2016 in Finland. The parents (n = 809) filled in questionnaires assessing PEL, and the home physical and social environment related to children’s SED. Children’s SED was measured with accelerometers, which the children (n = 745) wore for 1 week. Results High PEL was associated with a home environment restraining sedentary behaviour compared with low PEL. Stricter descriptive norms about screen time, considering it important to limit the child’s screen time, and satisfaction about the child’s screen time associated with children’s lower SED. The association with parental psychological control and SED was influenced by PEL. In the PEL stratified analyses, however, the associations between psychological control and SED did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Future interventions aiming to decrease SED should pay attention to relevant factors in children’s sedentary behaviour home environment. It is important to acknowledge the possible PEL differences in these factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elviira Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Pajulahti
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ray C, Figueiredo R, Pajulahti R, Vepsäläinen H, Lehto E, Lehto R, Erkkola M, Roos E. Effects of the Preschool-Based Family-Involving DAGIS Intervention on Family Environment: A Cluster Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113387. [PMID: 33158101 PMCID: PMC7694211 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventions promoting young children’s healthy energy balance-related behaviours (EBRBs) should also examine changes in the family environment as this is an important determinant that may affect the effectiveness of the intervention. This study examines family environmental effects of the Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) intervention study, and whether these effects differed when considering three parental educational level (PEL) groups. The DAGIS intervention was conducted in preschools and involving parents in Southern Finland from September 2017 to May 2018. It was designed as a randomised trial, clustered at preschool-level. Parents of 3–6-year-olds answered questionnaires recording PEL, parental role modelling for EBRBs, and the family environment measured as EBRBs availability and accessibility. Linear Mixed Models with Repeated Measures were used in order to detect intervention effects. Models included group by time interactions. When examining intervention effects separated by PEL groups, models with three-level interactions (group × time-points × PEL) were evaluated. There was an interaction effect for the availability of sugary everyday foods and drinks (p = 0.002). The analyses showed that the control group increased availability (p = 0.003), whereas in the intervention group no changes were detected (p = 0.150). In the analysis separated by PEL groups, changes were found only for the accessibility of sugary treats at home; the high PEL control group increased the accessibility of sugary treats (p = 0.022) (interaction effect: p = 0.027). Hence, results suggest that the DAGIS multicomponent intervention had a limited impact on determinants for children’s healthy EBRBs, and no impact was found in the low PEL group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (R.F.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (R.L.); (E.R.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.V.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rejane Figueiredo
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (R.F.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (R.L.); (E.R.)
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Pajulahti
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (R.F.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (R.L.); (E.R.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Elviira Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (R.F.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (R.L.); (E.R.)
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (R.F.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (R.L.); (E.R.)
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; (R.F.); (R.P.); (E.L.); (R.L.); (E.R.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.V.); (M.E.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|