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Di Giacomo AM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Vecchio M, Ferrucci PF, Guida M, Quaglino P, Guidoboni M, Marchetti P, Simonetti E, Santangelo F, Amato G, Covre A, Camerini R, Valente M, Mandalà M, Giannarelli D, Calabrò L, Maio M. Corrigendum to "Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in melanoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastases: 7-year outcomes and quality of life from the multicenter phase III NIBIT-M2 trial" [Eur J Cancer 199 (2024) 113531]. Eur J Cancer 2024; 202:113981. [PMID: 38461074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; NIBIT Foundation Onlus, Italy.
| | | | - Michele Del Vecchio
- Unit of Melanoma, Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Marchetti
- IRCCS IDI-Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Amato
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Valente
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia, University Hospital of Perugia, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Statistics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Maio
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; NIBIT Foundation Onlus, Italy
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2
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Di Giacomo AM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Vecchio M, Ferrucci PF, Guida M, Quaglino P, Guidoboni M, Marchetti P, Simonetti E, Santangelo F, Amato G, Covre A, Camerini R, Valente M, Mandalà M, Giannarelli D, Calabrò L, Maio M. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in melanoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastases: 7-year outcomes and quality of life from the multicenter phase III NIBIT-M2 trial. Eur J Cancer 2024; 199:113531. [PMID: 38271746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary analysis of the phase III NIBIT-M2 study showed a 41% 4-year overall survival (OS) of melanoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastases treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab. METHODS Here, we report the 7-year efficacy outcomes and the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) analyses of the NIBIT-M2 study. RESULTS As of May 1, 2023, at a median follow-up of 67 months (mo), the median OS was 8.5 (95% CI: 6.6-10.3), 8.2 (95% CI: 2.1-14.3) and 29.2 (95% CI: 0-69.9) mo for the fotemustine (F) Arm A, ipilimumab plus fotemustine Arm B, and ipilimumab plus nivolumab Arm C, respectively. The 7-year OS rate was 10.0% (95% CI: 0-22.5) in Arm A, 10.3% (95% CI: 0-22.6) in Arm B, and 42.8% (95% CI: 23.4-62.2) in Arm C. HRQoL was preserved in all treatment arms. Most functional scales evaluated from baseline to W12 were preserved, with a lower mean score decrease for EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and an increase for EORTC QLQ-Brain neoplasm (BN20) in patients receiving ipilimumab plus nivolumab. CONCLUSIONS With the longest follow-up available to date in melanoma patients with asymptomatic brain metastases, the NIBIT-M2 study continues to show persistent therapeutic efficacy of I ipilimumab plus nivolumab while preserving HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; NIBIT Foundation Onlus, Italy.
| | | | - Michele Del Vecchio
- Unit of Melanoma, Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Amato
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Valente
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia, University Hospital of Perugia, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Statistics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Maio
- University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; NIBIT Foundation Onlus, Italy
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Capone S, Fusco FM, Milleri S, Borrè S, Carbonara S, Lo Caputo S, Leone S, Gori G, Maggi P, Cascio A, Lichtner M, Cauda R, Dal Zoppo S, Cossu MV, Gori A, Roda S, Confalonieri P, Bonora S, Missale G, Codeluppi M, Mezzaroma I, Capici S, Pontali E, Libanore M, Diani A, Lanini S, Battella S, Contino AM, Piano Mortari E, Genova F, Parente G, Dragonetti R, Colloca S, Visani L, Iannacone C, Carsetti R, Folgori A, Camerini R. GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Cell Rep Med 2023:101084. [PMID: 37315558 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and heterologous immunization approaches implemented worldwide for booster doses call for diversified vaccine portfolios. GRAd-COV2 is a gorilla adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate encoding prefusion-stabilized spike. The safety and immunogenicity of GRAd-COV2 is evaluated in a dose- and regimen-finding phase 2 trial (COVITAR study, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04791423) whereby 917 eligible participants are randomized to receive a single intramuscular GRAd-COV2 administration followed by placebo, or two vaccine injections, or two doses of placebo, spaced over 3 weeks. Here, we report that GRAd-COV2 is well tolerated and induces robust immune responses after a single immunization; a second administration increases binding and neutralizing antibody titers. Potent, variant of concern (VOC) cross-reactive spike-specific T cell response peaks after the first dose and is characterized by high frequencies of CD8s. T cells maintain immediate effector functions and high proliferative potential over time. Thus, GRAd vector is a valuable platform for genetic vaccine development, especially when robust CD8 response is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco M Fusco
- "D. Cotugno" Hospital, Azienda Specialistica dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Borrè
- ASL Vercelli Malattie Infettive, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Sergio Carbonara
- U.O.C. Malattie Infettive - P.O.V. Emanuele II, Bisceglie (BT), Italy
| | - Sergio Lo Caputo
- Malattie infettive, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche - A.O.U. Policlinico Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Leone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gori
- Centro di Farmacologia Clinica per la Sperimentazione dei Farmaci - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Maggi
- Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Department NESMOS Sapienza University of Rome, Infectious Disease Unit, SM Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Cauda
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria V Cossu
- I Divisione Malattie Infettive - ASST FBF SACCO, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Roda
- U.O.C. Malattie Infettive - Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia, Viale Camillo Golgi, Italy
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Struttura Complessa Pneumologia - Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonora
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Codeluppi
- UOC di Malattie Infettive - Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto - AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- UOC Malattie Infettive, AOU Policlinico Umberto 1, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Capici
- Phase 1 Research Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases - E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Libanore
- Department Infectious Diseases, Arcispedale Sant'Anna - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Augusta Diani
- Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eva Piano Mortari
- B Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Agrati C, Castilletti C, Battella S, Cimini E, Matusali G, Sommella A, Sacchi A, Colavita F, Contino AM, Bordoni V, Meschi S, Gramigna G, Barra F, Grassi G, Bordi L, Lapa D, Notari S, Casetti R, Bettini A, Francalancia M, Ciufoli F, Vergori A, Vita S, Gentile M, Raggioli A, Plazzi MM, Bacchieri A, Nicastri E, Antinori A, Milleri S, Lanini S, Colloca S, Girardi E, Camerini R, Ippolito G, Vaia F, Folgori A, Capone S. Safety and immune response kinetics of GRAd-COV2 vaccine: phase 1 clinical trial results. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:111. [PMID: 36153335 PMCID: PMC9509317 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful deployment of efficacious vaccines and therapeutics, the development of novel vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 remains a major goal to increase vaccine doses availability and accessibility for lower income setting. We report here on the kinetics of Spike-specific humoral and T-cell response in young and old volunteers over 6 months follow-up after a single intramuscular administration of GRAd-COV2, a gorilla adenoviral vector-based vaccine candidate currently in phase-2 of clinical development. At all three tested vaccine dosages, Spike binding and neutralizing antibodies were induced and substantially maintained up to 3 months, to then contract at 6 months. Potent T-cell responses were readily induced and sustained throughout the study period, with only minor decline. No major differences in immune response to GRAd-COV2 vaccination were observed in the two age cohorts. In light of its favorable safety and immunogenicity, GRAd-COV2 is a valuable candidate for further clinical development and potential addition to the COVID-19 vaccine toolbox to help fighting SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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5
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Agrati C, Capone S, Castilletti C, Cimini E, Matusali G, Meschi S, Tartaglia E, Camerini R, Lanini S, Milleri S, Colloca S, Vitelli A, Folgori A. Strong immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost immunizations with the experimental vaccine GRAd-COV2 and BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-nCOV19. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:131. [PMID: 34737309 PMCID: PMC8569156 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on the humoral and cellular immune response in eight volunteers who autonomously chose to adhere to the Italian national COVID-19 vaccination campaign more than 3 months after receiving a single-administration GRAd-COV2 vaccine candidate in the context of the phase-1 clinical trial. We observed a clear boost of both binding/neutralizing antibodies as well as T-cell responses upon receipt of the heterologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-nCOV19 vaccines. These results, despite the limitation of the small sample size, support the concept that a single dose of an adenoviral vaccine may represent an ideal tool to effectively prime a balanced immune response, which can be boosted to high levels by a single dose of a different vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agrati
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Concetta Castilletti
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tartaglia
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Lanini
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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6
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Lanini S, Capone S, Antinori A, Milleri S, Nicastri E, Camerini R, Agrati C, Castilletti C, Mori F, Sacchi A, Matusali G, Gagliardini R, Ammendola V, Cimini E, Grazioli F, Scorzolini L, Napolitano F, Plazzi MM, Soriani M, De Luca A, Battella S, Sommella A, Contino AM, Barra F, Gentile M, Raggioli A, Shi Y, Girardi E, Maeurer M, Capobianchi MR, Vaia F, Piacentini M, Kroemer G, Vitelli A, Colloca S, Folgori A, Ippolito G, Ottou S, Vita S, Vergori A, D'Abramo A, Petrecchia A, Montaldo C, Scalise E, Grassi G, Casetti R, Bordoni V, Notari S, Colavita F, Meschi S, Lapa D, Bordi L, Murachelli S, Tambasco T, Grillo A, Masone E, Marchioni E, Bardhi D, Porzio O, Cocca F, Murachelli S, Turrini I, Malescio F, Ziviani L, Lawlor R, Poli F, Martire F, Zamboni D, Mazzaferri F. GRAd-COV2, a gorilla adenovirus-based candidate vaccine against COVID-19, is safe and immunogenic in younger and older adults. Sci Transl Med 2021; 14:eabj1996. [PMID: 34698501 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lanini
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Antinori
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Milleri
- Centro Ricerche Cliniche di Verona srl; 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Agrati
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gagliardini
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Cimini
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Scorzolini
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria M Plazzi
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo De Luca
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yufang Shi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 200061, Shanghai, China
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Division of Immunotherapy, ImmunoSurgery, Champalimaud Foundation; 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal.,I Medical Clinic, University of Mainz; 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria R Capobianchi
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vaia
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata; 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy; 94805, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; 75015, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Istituto Nazionale per Le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS; 00149, Rome, Italy
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7
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Di Giacomo AM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Del Vecchio M, Ferrucci PF, Guida M, Quaglino P, Guidoboni M, Marchetti P, Cutaia O, Amato G, Covre A, Camerini R, Calabrò L, Valente M, Giannarelli D, Mandalà M, Maio M. Primary Analysis and 4-Year Follow-Up of the Phase III NIBIT-M2 Trial in Melanoma Patients With Brain Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4737-4745. [PMID: 34112708 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phase II trials have shown encouraging activity with ipilimumab plus fotemustine and ipilimumab plus nivolumab in melanoma brain metastases. We report the primary analysis and 4-year follow-up of the NIBIT-M2 study, the first phase III trial comparing these regimens with fotemustine in patients with melanoma with brain metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase III study recruited patients 18 years of age and older with BRAF wild-type or mutant melanoma, and active, untreated, asymptomatic brain metastases from nine centers, randomized (1:1:1) to fotemustine, ipilimumab plus fotemustine, or ipilimumab plus nivolumab. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS From January, 2013 to September, 2018, 27, 26, and 27 patients received fotemustine, ipilimumab plus fotemustine, and ipilimumab plus nivolumab. Median OS was 8.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.8-12.2] in the fotemustine arm, 8.2 months (95% CI, 2.2-14.3) in the ipilimumab plus fotemustine arm (HR vs. fotemustine, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.59-1.99; P = 0.78), and 29.2 months (95% CI, 0-65.1) in the ipilimumab plus nivolumab arm (HR vs. fotemustine, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87; P = 0.017). Four-year survival rate was significantly higher for ipilimumab plus nivolumab than fotemustine [(41.0%; 95% CI, 20.6-61.4) vs. 10.9% (95% CI, 0-24.4; P = 0.015)], and was 10.3% (95% CI, 0-22.6) for ipilimumab plus fotemustine. In the fotemustine, ipilimumab plus fotemustine, and ipilimumab plus nivolumab arms, respectively, 11 (48%), 18 (69%), and eight (30%) patients had treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events, without treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS Compared with fotemustine, ipilimumab plus nivolumab significantly improved overall and long-term survival of patients with melanoma with asymptomatic brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vanna Chiarion-Sileni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Melanoma Cancer Unit, Veneto Oncology Institute-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Del Vecchio
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Melanoma, Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Ferrucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cancer Biotherapy Unit, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II," Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Science, Dermatology Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Guidoboni
- Immunotherapy-Cell Therapy and Biobank Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Cutaia
- Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Amato
- Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Covre
- Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Luana Calabrò
- Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Valente
- Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Mario Mandalà
- University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia, University Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy. .,NIBIT Foundation, Onlus, Italy.,University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Camerini R, Poggi G, Chelazzi D, Ridi F, Giorgi R, Baglioni P. The carbonation kinetics of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles: A Boundary Nucleation and Growth description. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 547:370-381. [PMID: 30974252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The reaction of Ca(OH)2 with CO2 to form CaCO3 (carbonation process) is of high interest for construction materials, environmental applications and art preservation. Here, the "Boundary Nucleation and Growth" model (BNGM) was adopted for the first time to consider the effect of the surface area of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles on the carbonation kinetics. EXPERIMENTS The carbonation of commercial and laboratory-prepared particles' dispersions was monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and the BNGM was used to analyze the data. The contributions of nucleation and growth of CaCO3 were evaluated separately. FINDINGS During carbonation the boundary regions of the Ca(OH)2 particles are densely populated with CaCO3 nuclei, and transform early with subsequent thickening of slab-like regions centered on the original boundaries. A BNGM limiting case equation was thus used to fit the kinetics, where the transformation rate decreases exponentially with time. The carbonation rate constants, activation energies, and linear growth rate were calculated. Particles with larger size and lower surface area show a decrease of the rate at which the non-nucleated grains between the boundaries transform, and an increase of the ending time of Ca(OH)2 transformation. The effect of temperature on the carbonation kinetics and on the CaCO3 polymorphs formation was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Camerini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - G Poggi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - D Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - F Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - R Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - P Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Danielli R, Cisternino F, Giannarelli D, Calabrò L, Camerini R, Savelli V, Bova G, Dragonetti R, Di Giacomo AM, Altomonte M, Maio M. Long-term follow up of metastatic melanoma patients treated with Thymosin alpha-1: investigating immune checkpoints synergy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 18:77-83. [PMID: 30063847 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1494717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade antibodies (imAbs), such as the anti Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab (IPI) raised overall survival (OS) in metastatic melanoma (MM). Further, long-term OS is a crucial endpoint in MM. Thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1) with dacarbazine (DTIC) showed activity in a phase II trial and a compassionate use program (EAP). We report on long-term follow-up of patients treated with Tα1 to investigate the preconditioning role of Tα1 in imAbs-treated patients. METHODS Records of patients with melanoma treated with Tα1 within a phase II trial and EAP program were reviewed comparing median OS among patients that sequentially received anti-CTLA-4 imAb and Tα1. Further, the effect of Tα1 on IPI long-term survivor patients was investigated. RESULTS Among patients treated with Tα1, 21/61 patients received sequentially even anti CTLA-4 imAbs. Median OS at the data cut-off was 57.8 and 7.4 months in patients treated sequentially with anti-CTLA-4 imAbs or not, respectively. Moreover, pretreatment with Tα1 in all (95) IPI-evaluable patients confirmed a significant increase in long-term OS. CONCLUSION This is the first report on long-term follow-up of Tα1-treated patients. Moreover, an advantage in OS in patients sequentially treated with Tα1 and IPI was seen that suggests a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Danielli
- a Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Center for Immuno-Oncology , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Filomena Cisternino
- a Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Center for Immuno-Oncology , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- b Biostatistical Unit , Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Luana Calabrò
- a Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Center for Immuno-Oncology , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Vinno Savelli
- d Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Giovanni Bova
- e Emergency Medicine Department , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- a Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Center for Immuno-Oncology , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Maresa Altomonte
- a Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Center for Immuno-Oncology , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- a Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Center for Immuno-Oncology , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
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Garaci E, Pica F, Matteucci C, Gaziano R, D’Agostini C, Miele MT, Camerini R, Palamara AT, Favalli C, Mastino A, Serafino A, Sinibaldi Vallebona P. Historical review on thymosin α1 in oncology: preclinical and clinical experiences. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15 Suppl 1:S31-9. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1017466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymosin α 1 (Tα1) is a peptidic biological response modifier, which plays a significant role in activating and regulating various cells of the immune system. For the above-mentioned activities it is expected to exert a clinical benefit in the treatment of diseases where the immune system is altered. AREAS COVERED Several clinical trials have been carried out with Tα1 for treatment or prevention of many different infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C, sepsis and Aspergillosis in bone marrow-transplanted patients. Data available on the use of Tα1 in infectious disease as well as a vaccine enhancer will be reviewed to possibly generate new working hypothesis. EXPERT OPINION Tα1 has been widely used in thousands of patients. Nevertheless, there are some issues that have not yet been properly addressed (i.e., dose, schedule, combination treatments, end-points to be evaluated in clinical trials). In the most recent clinical trials Tα1 has been used at higher doses than those commonly used in the past showing a direct proportionality between the dose and the effect. The safety profile of Tα1 is excellent and it is virtually devoid of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Camerini
- Sigma-tau SpA, R&D Department , Via Pontina km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia , Italy +390691393562 ;
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12
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Maio M, Nicolay HJM, Ascierto PA, Belardelli F, Camerini R, Colombo MP, Queirolo P, Ridolfi R, Russo V, Parisi G, Cutaia O, Fonsatti E, Parmiani G. Tenth annual meeting of the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT), SIENA, Italy, November 5-7, 2012. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1851-8. [PMID: 24190546 PMCID: PMC11029494 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci n. 16, 53100, Siena, Italy,
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13
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Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is an immune-modulating peptide that can be expected to improve response to vaccinations, as stimulated dendritic cells and T cells can act in concert to increase antibody production along with an improved cytotoxic response from the T cells themselves. Tα1 demonstrated efficacy in preclinical studies; subsequently, it was shown to enhance response to vaccinations in difficult-to-treat populations, including individuals immune suppressed due to age or hemodialysis, and leading to a decrease in later infections. During the 2009 pandemic outbreak of H1N1 influenza, mouse and ferret studies confirmed that the use of higher doses of Tα1 allowed for fewer injections than those used in the previous clinical studies. In addition, a clinical study with Focetria™ MF59-adjuvanted monovalent H1N1 vaccine showed that treatment with Tα1 twice provided an earlier and greater response to the vaccine (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tuthill
- SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, USA.
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14
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Maio M, Nicolay HJM, Ascierto PA, Belardelli F, Camerini R, Colombo MP, Queirolo P, Ridolfi R, Russo V, Parisi G, Fonsatti E, Papamichail M, Parmiani G. Ninth annual meeting of the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT), Siena, Italy, October 19-22, 2011: New perspectives in the immunotherapy of cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1599-608. [PMID: 22736255 PMCID: PMC11029342 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Viale Mario Bracci n 16, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Montomoli E, Piccirella S, Khadang B, Mennitto E, Camerini R, De Rosa A. Current adjuvants and new perspectives in vaccine formulation. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 10:1053-61. [PMID: 21806399 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Given the important role of adjuvants in prophylactic vaccines, identification and development of new adjuvants with enhanced efficacy and safety is necessary. The use of adjuvants with immunopotentiating properties that can direct the immune responses to humoral or cell-mediated immunity and can induce T-cell responses has made it possible to design more protective vaccines. Although current regulations focus on traditional adjuvants, notably aluminum and calcium salts, advances have been made in regulatory considerations. The regulatory agencies for the evaluation of medicinal products are actively drafting guidance on requirements for the evaluation of new adjuvants. This article briefly summarizes the most widely studied adjuvants in vaccination, including those licensed for human vaccines and the regulatory aspects relevant to adjuvant quality at development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Montomoli
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Division, University of Siena, Tuscany, Italy.
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16
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Carraro G, Naso A, Montomoli E, Gasparini R, Camerini R, Panatto D, Tineo M, De Giorgi L, Piccirella S, Khadang B, Ceracchi M, De Rosa A. Thymosin-alpha 1 (Zadaxin™) enhances the immunogenicity of an adjuvated pandemic H1N1v influenza vaccine (Focetria™) in hemodialyzed patients: A pilot study. Vaccine 2012; 30:1170-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ciancio A, Andreone P, Kaiser S, Mangia A, Milella M, Solà R, Pol S, Tsianos E, De Rosa A, Camerini R, McBeath R, Rizzetto M. Thymosin alpha-1 with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C not responsive to IFN/ribavirin: an adjuvant role? J Viral Hepat 2012; 19 Suppl 1:52-9. [PMID: 22233415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether the adding thymosin alpha-1 to standard of care for re-treatment of nonresponding hepatitis C infections can improve sustained viral response (SVR) rates. Patients (n = 552) with hepatitis C infections not responding to the combination of Peginterferon alfa-2a or 2b with ribavirin (RBV)were randomized to receive peginterferon alfa-2a 180 mg/week with RBV 800-1200 mg/daily plus either thymosin alpha-1 1.6 mg SC twice weekly (n = 275) or placebo (n = 277) for 48 weeks. Eighty-eight per cent of patients had HCV genotype 1, 6.6% type 4, 2.2% type 2 and 3.6% type 3. SVR rates in the intention to treat population were similar between thymosin alpha-1 and placebo (12.7%vs 10.5%; P = 0.407). Among patients who completed all 48 weeks of therapy, the SVR rate was significantly higher in the thymosin alpha-1 group at 41.0% (34/83) compared with 26.3% (26/99) in the placebo group (P = 0.048). No significant difference was observed between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events. The addition of thymosin alpha-1 to the standard of care did not increase the on-treatment HCV viral response. Thymosin alpha-1 seems to play no role in the primary therapy of the disease. This study raises the hypothesis that thymosin alpha-1 may have a secondary therapeutic role as an adjuvant in the prevention of relapses in patients achieving a virologic response during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ciancio
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Italy
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18
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Mikhailova TL, Sishkova E, Poniewierka E, Zhidkov KP, Bakulin IG, Kupcinskas L, Lesniakowski K, Grinevich VB, Malecka-Panas E, Ardizzone S, D'Arienzo A, Valpiani D, Koch M, Denapiene G, Vago G, Fociani P, Zerbi P, Ceracchi M, Camerini R, Gasbarrini G. Randomised clinical trial: the efficacy and safety of propionyl-L-carnitine therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving stable oral treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:1088-97. [PMID: 21929562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterised by impaired fatty-acid oxidation; l-carnitine has a key role in fatty-acid metabolism and short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate and propionate are important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells. AIM To evaluate efficacy and safety of colon-release propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) in patients with mild-to-moderate UC receiving stable oral aminosalicylate or thiopurine therapy. METHODS In a multicentre, phase II, double-blind, parallel-group trial, patients were randomised to receive PLC 1 g/day, PLC 2 g/day or placebo. Main inclusion criteria were as follows: age 18-75; disease activity index (DAI) score 3-10 inclusive, be under oral stable treatment with aminosalicylate or thiopurine. The primary endpoint was clinical/endoscopic response, defined as a decrease in DAI score ≥ 3 points or remission, defined as a DAI score ≤ 2 with no individual sub-score > 1. RESULTS Of 121 patients who were randomised, 57 of 79 (72%) patients receiving PLC (combined 1 g and 2 g cohort) had a clinical/endoscopic response vs. 20 of 40 (50%) receiving placebo (P = 0.02). Specifically, in PLC 1 g/day group, 30 of 40 (75%) patients had clinical/endoscopic response (P = 0.02 vs. placebo) and 27 of 39 (69%) in the PLC 2 g/day group (P = 0.08 vs. placebo). Rates of remission were 22/40 (55%), 19/39 (49%), 14/40 (35%) in the PLC 1 g, PLC 2 g, and placebo groups, respectively. PLC had a similar safety profile to placebo; the most common adverse events were gastrointestinal. CONCLUSION Propionyl-L-carnitine 1 g/day should be investigated further as a co-treatment for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (NCT-01026857).
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Mikhailova
- State Scientific Centre of Coloproctology, Rosmedtechnology, Moscow, Russia
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Panatto D, Amicizia D, Lai PL, Camerini R, De Rosa A, Gasparini R. Utility of thymosin alpha-1 (Zadaxin) as a co-adjuvant in influenza vaccines: a review. J Prev Med Hyg 2011; 52:111-115. [PMID: 22010537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Influenza constitutes a serious problem for healthcare and social services worldwide, owing to its pattern and the severity of its complications in some categories of subjects at risk, such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. The only really effective means of combating influenza is vaccination. The elderly and immunocompromised subjects are refractory or low responders to vaccination. The need for ever more immunogenic and efficacious influenza vaccines, especially for subjects at risk, has prompted the development of adjuvated vaccines. With a view to enhancing the immune response in the elderly and in subjects at risk, the possibility of co-administering immunostimulants as Thymosin alpha-1 (Talpha1) with influenza vaccines has been investigated. Talpha1 is a biologically active peptide made up of 28 amino acids that can enhance T-cells, dendritic cell and antibody responses, modulate cytokines and chemokines production. Several studies were conducted and showed that Talpha1 ameliorate the performanc of influenza vaccination in elderly and subjects at risk. Although further studies on co-adjuvants are necessary, the future prospects of producing ever more efficacious influenza vaccines appear very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Italy.
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Maio M, Nicolay HJM, Ascierto PA, Belardelli F, Camerini R, Colombo MP, Queirolo P, Ridolfi R, Russo V, Fonsatti E, Parmiani G. Eighth annual meeting of the Italian network for tumor biotherapy (NIBIT), Siena, October 7-9, 2010. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:901-7. [PMID: 21431916 PMCID: PMC11028668 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Strada delle Scotte 14, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Maio M, Nicolay HJM, Ascierto PA, Belardelli F, Camerini R, Colombo MP, Queirolo P, Ridolfi R, Russo V, Fonsatti E, Parmiani G. Seventh annual meeting of the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT), Siena, 1-3 October 2009. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1895-901. [PMID: 20204388 PMCID: PMC11030966 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maio
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Toscano Tumori, University Hospital of Siena, Strada delle Scotte 14, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Maio M, Nicolay HJM, Ascierto PA, Belardelli F, Camerini R, Colombo MP, Queirolo P, Ridolfi R, Russo V, Fonsatti E, Parmiani G. Sixth annual meeting of the Italian network for tumor biotherapy (NIBIT), Siena, 16-18 October 2008. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:963-9. [PMID: 19330329 PMCID: PMC11029921 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Strada delle Scotte 14, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Maio M, Mackiewicz A, Testori A, Trefzer U, Ferraresi V, Jassem J, Garbe C, Lesimple T, Guillot B, Gascon P, Gilde K, Camerini R, Cognetti F. Large randomized study of thymosin alpha 1, interferon alfa, or both in combination with dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1780-7. [PMID: 20194853 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.25.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1) is an immunomodulatory polypeptide that enhances effector T-cell responses. In this large randomized study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining Talpha1 with dacarbazine (DTIC) and interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) in patients with metastatic melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: DTIC+IFN-alpha+Talpha1 (1.6 mg); DTIC+IFN-alpha+Talpha1 (3.2 mg); DTIC+IFN-alpha+Talpha1 (6.4 mg); DTIC+Talpha1 (3.2 mg); DTIC+IFN-alpha (control group). The primary end point was best overall response at study end (12 months). Secondary end points included duration of response, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients were observed for up to 24 months. RESULTS Ten and 12 tumor responses were observed in the DTIC+IFN-alpha+Talpha1 (3.2 mg) and DTIC+Talpha1 (3.2 mg) groups, respectively, versus four in the control group, which was sufficient to reject the null hypothesis that P(0) < or = .05 (expected response rate of standard therapy) in these two arms. Duration of response ranged from 1.9 to 23.2 months in patients given Talpha1 and from 4.4 to 8.4 months in the control group. Median OS was 9.4 months in patients given Talpha1 versus 6.6 months in the control group (hazard ratio = 0.80; 9% CI, 0.63 to 1.02; P = .08). An increase in PFS was observed in patients given Talpha1 versus the control group (hazard ratio = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.01; P = .06). Addition of Talpha1 to DTIC and IFN-alpha did not lead to any additional toxicity. CONCLUSION These results suggest Talpha1 has activity in patients with metastatic melanoma and provide rationale for further clinical evaluation of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy.
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Maio M, Nicolay HJ, Ascierto P, Belardelli F, Camerini R, Colombo MP, Queirolo P, Ridolfi R, Russo V, Anzalone L, Fonsatti E, Parmiani G. The Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT): getting together to push the field forward. J Transl Med 2008; 6:8. [PMID: 18269750 PMCID: PMC2275223 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As for a consolidated tradition, the 5th annual meeting of the Italian Network for Cancer Biotherapy took place in the Certosa of Pontignano, a Tuscan monastery, on September 20–22, 2007. The congress gathered more than 40 Italian leading groups representing academia, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Aim of the meeting was to share new advances in cancer bio-immunotherapy and to promote their swift translation from pre-clinical research to clinical applications. Several topics were covered including: a) molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor escape; b) therapeutic antibodies and recombinant constructs; c) clinical trials up-date and new programs; d) National Cooperative Networks and their potential interactions; e) old and new times in cancer immunology, an "amarcord". Here, we report the main issues discussed during the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy.
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Camerini R, Ciancio A, DE Rosa A, Rizzetto M. Studies of therapy with thymosin alpha1 in combination with pegylated interferon alpha2a and ribavirin in nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1112:368-74. [PMID: 17600286 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1415.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the use of combination therapy with pegylated interferon alpha2a (peg-IFN-alpha2a) + Ribavirin, a large proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remain unresponsive to treatment. Thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1) is an immunomodulator, which displays immunological and antiviral activities against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in preclinical clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a triple combination therapy with peg-IFN-alpha2a + Ribavirin + Talpha1 in CHC patients who were nonresponders to a previous course with peg-IFN-alpha2a + Ribavarin. The primary endpoint is the rate of sustained virological response (SVR). We designed a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, prospective, placebo controlled study. Patients meeting selection criteria were randomized centrally (through IVR system) to receive either peg-IFN-alpha2a 180 mcg s.c. once weekly + Ribavirin 1000-1200 mg p.o. daily + Talpha1 1.6 mg s.c. twice weekly for 24 weeks. Patients who remained HCV-RNA positive after 24 weeks stopped treatment and were considered nonresponders. HCV-RNA negative patients continued treatment up to week 48. All patients were followed up for 24 additional weeks after the end of treatment for the evaluation of the SVR. From December 2004 to November 2006, 638 patients were screened in 52 European sites. Preliminary blinded safety analysis suggests that both regimens are well tolerated. Efficacy evaluation will be available after the opening of this blinded phase 3 trial, planned for May 2008.
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Camerini R, Mackiewicz A, Testori A, Trefzer U, Jassem J, Ferraresi V, Maio M, Garbe C, Lange A, Carminati P. A large first-line, randomized, dose-finding, phase II study on thymosin-alpha 1 (T-alpha 1) plus dacarbazine (DTIC) with or without interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) compared to DTIC plus IFN-alpha in stage IV melanoma. Tumor response and survival results. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.8535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8535 Background: Thymosin alpha 1 is an immunomodulatory compound that promotes T cell maturation and upregulates T cell response. Ta1 showed clinical potential benefit in a previous pilot study in melanoma patients. Methods: Phase II, randomized, stratified, open-study testing different doses of Ta1 in association with DTIC and IFNa, as first-line therapy in stage IV melanoma patients (AJCC 2001) without brain metastases. The primary endpoint is tumor response and secondary overall survival. Four arms were initially planned: DTIC + IFNa + 1.6 or 3.2 mg Ta1, DTIC + 3.2 mg Ta1, and DTIC + IFNa (control group). A dose-response effect in a preliminary analysis on 142 patients led to the addition of a fifth arm with DTIC + IFNa + 6.4 mg Ta1. Ninety-five patients were allocated to each arm to test the hypothesis that P0 = 0.05 vs the alternative hypothesis that P1 = 0.15 (alpha = 5%, within-group statistical analysis, power = 95%). The five groups were analyzed independently one from the other, nine responses representing the minimal threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis Patients received DTIC (800 mg/m2) iv on day 1, Ta1 (1.6, 3.2 or 6.4 mg) sc on days 8–11 and 15–18, and IFNa (3 MIU) sc on days 11 and 18 during 28d cycles. Tumor response was evaluated every two cycles according to RECIST criteria, utilizing a central review. Results: Data of 483 pts (62% M1c; 25% M1b; 13% M1a) from 64 European sites are given in the table . Thirteen and 10 confirmed responses were observed for the DTIC+ 3.2 mg Ta1 and DTIC+ IFNa + 3.2 mg Ta1 arms (vs 5 in the control group) thus rejecting the null hypothesis that P0 = 0.05. No additional toxicity with the addition of Ta1 was observed. Conclusions: These results suggest a potential survival advantage with the addition of Ta1 to ‘standard‘ treatment of stage IV melanoma patients. The role of Interferon alpha in this therapeutic association is debatable. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Camerini
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A. Mackiewicz
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A. Testori
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - U. Trefzer
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J. Jassem
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - V. Ferraresi
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M. Maio
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - C. Garbe
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A. Lange
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P. Carminati
- Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy; Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy; Charite University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Medical University, Gdansk, Poland; IFO Polo Oncologico, Rome, Italy; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Dolnoslakie Centrum, Wroclaw, Poland
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Guarnera G, DE Rosa A, Camerini R. Thymosin beta-4 and venous ulcers: clinical remarks on a European prospective, randomized study on safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1112:407-12. [PMID: 17495250 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1415.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study is to evaluate safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing of thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta-4) administered topically in patients with venous ulcers. Three groups of patients, coming from 10 sites, 5 from Italy and 5 from Poland, will be enrolled sequentially. Twenty-four patients within each group will be randomized to Tbeta-4 or placebo in a 3:1 ratio and will be treated with increasing doses of Tbeta-4. When review safety data show no-dose-limiting adverse events, a new group will be enrolled. So, the study design comprehends 72 patients treated for 84 days and followed for 14 days at the end of treatment. Blood samples will be taken on day 0 and at the end of treatment visit to measure plasma levels of Tbeta-4. Every week each patient is visited and blood samples are taken for clinical chemistry, hematology, coagulation, and urinalysis. Each ulcer is treated with debridement, if necessary, and compression therapy with standard compression stockings class 2. Efficacy parameters are incidence of healing defined as the percentage of patients who have complete closure of the index ulcer at day 84 and, mean time to complete healing. Ulcer area will be calculated by digital planimetry and photographic analysis. The study is ongoing and a total of 21 patients have been enrolled so far in the first treatment group at the lower dose. Patients' compliance and motivated and well-trained teams seem to be the most suitable parameters of a successfully conducted study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Guarnera
- Vascular Ulcer Unit, Department of Vascular Surgery and Pathology Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy.
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Rivoltini L, Castelli C, Carrabba M, Mazzaferro V, Pilla L, Huber V, Coppa J, Gallino G, Scheibenbogen C, Squarcina P, Cova A, Camerini R, Lewis JJ, Srivastava PK, Parmiani G. Human tumor-derived heat shock protein 96 mediates in vitro activation and in vivo expansion of melanoma- and colon carcinoma-specific T cells. J Immunol 2004; 171:3467-74. [PMID: 14500642 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.7.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (hsp) 96 play an essential role in protein metabolism and exert stimulatory activities on innate and adaptive immunity. Vaccination with tumor-derived hsp96 induces CD8(+) T cell-mediated tumor regressions in different animal models. In this study, we show that hsp96 purified from human melanoma or colon carcinoma activate tumor- and Ag-specific T cells in vitro and expand them in vivo. HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cells recognizing Ags expressed in human melanoma (melanoma Ag recognized by T cell-1 (MART-1)/melanoma Ag A (Melan-A)) or colon carcinoma (carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA)/epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)) were triggered to release IFN-gamma and to mediate cytotoxic activity by HLA-A*0201-matched APCs pulsed with hsp96 purified from tumor cells expressing the relevant Ag. Such activation occurred in class I HLA-restricted fashion and appeared to be significantly higher than that achieved by direct peptide loading. Immunization with autologous tumor-derived hsp96 induced a significant increase in the recognition of MART-1/Melan-A(27-35) in three of five HLA-A*0201 melanoma patients, and of CEA(571-579) and EpCAM(263-271) in two of five HLA-A*0201 colon carcinoma patients, respectively, as detected by ELISPOT and HLA/tetramer staining. These increments in Ag-specific T cell responses were associated with a favorable disease course after hsp96 vaccination. Altogether, these data provide evidence that hsp96 derived from human tumors can present antigenic peptides to CD8(+) T cells and activate them both in vitro and in vivo, thus representing an important tool for vaccination in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumor, Gastrointestinal and Liver Surgery Unit, and. Colorectal Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Mazzaferro V, Coppa J, Carrabba MG, Rivoltini L, Schiavo M, Regalia E, Mariani L, Camerini T, Marchianò A, Andreola S, Camerini R, Corsi M, Lewis JJ, Srivastava PK, Parmiani G. Vaccination with autologous tumor-derived heat-shock protein gp96 after liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:3235-45. [PMID: 12960108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat shock proteins (HSP) from tumor cells contain the gp96 polypeptide associated with cancer-specific antigenic peptides. Mice that are immunized with HSP/peptide-complex (HSPPC) derived from cancer tissue reject tumor from which HSPs are purified. We tested in humans whether vaccination with HSPPC-gp96 (Oncophage) from autologous liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma induces cancer-specific T-cell responses in patients rendered disease free by surgery. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent radical resection of liver metastases [Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score 1-3 (good prognosis), 18 patients; score 4-5 (bad prognosis), 11 patients] and received autologous tumor-derived HSPPC-96. Two vaccine cycles were administered (four weekly injections followed by four biweekly injections after 8 weeks). Class-I HLA-restricted, anti-colon cancer lines T-cell response was measured by ELISPOT assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained before and after vaccination. Feasibility, safety, and possible clinical benefits were also evaluated. RESULTS Either a de novo induced or a significant increase of preexisting class I HLA-restricted T-cell-mediated anti-colon cancer response was observed in 15 (52%) of 29 patients. Frequency of CD3+, CD45RA+, and CCR7- T lymphocytes increased in immune responders. No relevant toxicity was observed. As expected, patients with good prognosis had a significantly better clinical outcome than those with poor prognosis [2-year overall survival (OS), 89 versus 64%, P = 0.001; disease-free survival (DFS), 46 versus 18%, P = 0.001]. Patients with immune response had a statistically significant clinical advantage over nonresponding subjects (2-year OS, 100% versus 50%, P = 0.001; DFS, 51% versus 8%, P = 0.0001). Occurrence of immune response led to better tumor-free survival, whatever the predicted prognosis was (hazard ratio, 0.11-0.12 with/without stratification; P = 0.0012-0.0003). CONCLUSIONS HSPPC-96 vaccination after resection of colorectal liver metastases is safe and elicits a significant increase in CD8+ T-cell response against colon cancer. In this limited number of patients, two-year OS and DFS were significantly improved in subjects with postvaccination antitumor immune response, independently from other clinical prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- Units of Hepatobiliary and Gastro-Pancreatic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Belli F, Testori A, Rivoltini L, Maio M, Andreola G, Sertoli MR, Gallino G, Piris A, Cattelan A, Lazzari I, Carrabba M, Scita G, Santantonio C, Pilla L, Tragni G, Lombardo C, Arienti F, Marchianò A, Queirolo P, Bertolini F, Cova A, Lamaj E, Ascani L, Camerini R, Corsi M, Cascinelli N, Lewis JJ, Srivastava P, Parmiani G. Vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients with autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96-peptide complexes: clinical and immunologic findings. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:4169-80. [PMID: 12377960 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the immunogenicity and antitumor activity of a vaccine consisting of autologous, tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96-peptide complexes (HSPPC-96, Oncophage; Antigenics, Inc, Woburn, MA) in metastatic (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV) melanoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-four patients had surgical resection of metastatic tissue required for vaccine production, 42 patients were able to receive the vaccine, and 39 were assessable after one cycle of vaccination (four weekly injections). In 21 patients, a second cycle (four biweekly injections) was given because no progression occurred. Antigen-specific antimelanoma T-cell response was assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained before and after vaccination. Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissues were also performed. RESULTS No treatment-related toxicity was observed. Of 28 patients with measurable disease, two had a complete response (CR) and three had stable disease (SD) at the end of follow-up. Duration of CR was 559+ and 703+ days, whereas SD lasted for 153, 191, and 272 days, respectively. ELISPOT assay with PBMCs of 23 subjects showed a significantly increased number of postvaccination melanoma-specific T-cell spots in 11 patients, with clinical responders displaying a high frequency of increased T-cell activity. Immunohistochemical staining of melanoma tissues from which vaccine was produced revealed high expression of both HLA class I and melanoma antigens in seven of eight clinical responders (two with CR, three with SD, and the three with long-term disease-free survival) and in four of 12 nonresponders. CONCLUSION Vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients with autologous HSPPC-96 is feasible and devoid of significant toxicity. This vaccine induced clinical and tumor-specific T-cell responses in a significant minority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiberto Belli
- Unit of General Surgery 2, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Panunzio M, Camerini R, Mazzoni A, Donati D, Marchioro C, Pachera R. Lipase-catalysed resolution of cis-1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-cyclohexane: Enantioselective total synthesis of 10-ethyl-trinem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(96)00489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Panunzio M, Camerini R, Pachera R, Donati D, Marchioro C, Perboni A. Highly stereocontrolled synthesis of enantiomeric 4-methoxy trinems via resolution of scalemic enol phosphates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(96)00384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Camerini R, Panunzio M, Bonanomi G, Donati D, Perboni A. Highly stereocontrolled synthesis of a novel tribactam by reaction of an ester enolate with a N-trimethylsilylimine. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cainelli G, Panunzio M, Giacomini D, Di Simone B, Camerini R. Ester-Imine Condensation Mediated by Potassiumtert-Butoxide: Synthesis of β-Lactams and 3,4-Dihydropyridin-2-ones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1994. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1994-25579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zingarelli B, Squadrito F, Graziani P, Camerini R, Caputi AP. Effects of zileuton, a new 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, in experimentally induced colitis in rats. Agents Actions 1993; 39:150-6. [PMID: 7905704 DOI: 10.1007/bf01998968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of zileuton, a new 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, was investigated in comparison with sulphasalazine in an experimental model of rat colitis. Under light anaesthesia with ether, male rats were subjected to intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNB) in 50% ethanol and were then sacrificed 2, 4 and 7 days after colitis induction. Untreated rats exhibited elevated colonic levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and an increase in colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (investigated as an index of leukocyte adhesion and accumulation). Moreover, ulceration and inflammation of the distal colon with formation of granuloma and pathologic connections were observed. Treated rats received zileuton or sulphasalazine (50 mg/kg per os twice a day) 24 h before the induction of colitis until they were sacrificed. Treatment with the specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, zileuton, resulted in significant reductions of colonic leukotriene B4 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis, macroscopic and histological colonic damage and colonic inflammation as assessed by the measurement of MPO activity. In contrast, sulphasalazine had a lower effect than zileuton on LTB4 and MPO levels (p < 0.05), while it was able to reduce colonic damage and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels as well as zileuton. This study shows, therefore, that zileuton is effective in attenuating the lesions in an experimental model of colitis. Furthermore, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that leukotrienes play an important role in the pathogenesis of intestinal bowel diseases (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zingarelli
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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