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Moreira-Júnior RE, Souza RM, de Carvalho JG, Bergamini JP, Brunialti-Godard AL. Possible association between the lrrk2 gene and anxiety behavior: a systematic literature review. J Neurogenet 2022; 36:98-107. [PMID: 36415932 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2144293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations to the LRRK2 gene have been associated with Parkinson's disease and alcohol consumption in animals and humans. Furthermore, these disorders are strongly related to anxiety disorders (ADs). Thus, we investigated how the LRRK2 gene might influence anxiety in humans and mice. We elaborated a systematic review based on the PRISMA Statement of studies that investigated levels of anxiety in animal or human models with alterations in the LRRK2 gene. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and in reference lists with descriptors related to ADs and the LRRK2. From the 62 articles assessed for eligibility, 16 were included: 11 conducted in humans and seven, in mice. Lrrk2 KO mice and the LRRK2 G2019S, LRRK2 R1441G, and LRRK2 R1441C variants were addressed. Five articles reported an increase in anxiety levels concerning the LRRK2 variants. Decreased anxiety levels were observed in two articles, one focusing on the LRRK2 G2019S and the other, on the Lrrk2 KO mice. Eight other articles reported no differences in anxiety levels in individuals with Lrrk2 alterations compared to their healthy controls. This study discusses a possible influence between the LRRK2 gene and anxiety, adding information to the existing knowledge respecting the influence of genetics on anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Moreira-Júnior
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Laboratory of Animal and Human Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - R M Souza
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Laboratory of Animal and Human Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J G de Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Laboratory of Animal and Human Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J P Bergamini
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Laboratory of Animal and Human Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A L Brunialti-Godard
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Laboratory of Animal and Human Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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2
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Souza RM, Souza FN, Batista CF, Piepers S, De Visscher A, Santos KR, Molinari PC, Ferronatto JA, Franca da Cunha A, Blagitz MG, da Silva GG, Rennó FP, Cerqueira MMOP, Heinemann MB, De Vliegher S, Della Libera AMMP. Distinct behavior of bovine-associated staphylococci species in their ability to resist phagocytosis and trigger respiratory burst activity by blood and milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1625-1637. [PMID: 34802732 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis affects a high proportion of dairy cows and is still one of the greatest challenges faced by the dairy industry. Staphylococcal bacteria remain the most important cause of mastitis worldwide. We investigated how distinct staphylococcal species evade some critical host defense mechanisms, which may dictate the establishment, severity, and persistence of infection and the outcome of possible therapeutic and prevention interventions. Thus, the present study investigated variations among distinct bovine-associated staphylococci in their capability to resist phagocytosis and to trigger respiratory burst activity of blood and milk polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNL) in dairy cows. To do so, PMNL of 6 primiparous and 6 multiparous dairy cows were used. A collection of 38 non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and 12 Staphylococcus aureus were included. The phagocytosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by blood and milk PMNL were analyzed by flow cytometry. Phagocytosis, by both blood and milk PMNL, did not differ between S. aureus and NAS as a group, although within-NAS species differences were observed. Staphylococcus chromogenes (a so-called milk-adapted NAS species) better resisted phagocytosis by blood PMNL than the so-called environmental (i.e., Staphylococcus fleurettii) and opportunistic (i.e., Staphylococcus haemolyticus) NAS species. Otherwise, S. haemolyticus was better phagocytosed by blood PMNL than S. aureus, S. fleurettii, and S. chromogenes. No influence of the origin of the isolates within the staphylococci species in the resistance to phagocytosis by blood and milk PMNL was found. Overall, both S. aureus and NAS did not inhibit intracellular ROS production in blood and milk PMNL. Non-aureus staphylococci induced fewer ROS by milk PMNL than S. aureus, which was not true for blood PMNL, although species-specific differences in the intensity of ROS production were observed. Staphylococcus chromogenes induced more blood PMNL ROS than S. fleurettii and S. haemolyticus, and as much as S. aureus. Conversely, S. chromogenes induced fewer milk PMNL ROS than S. aureus. The origin of the isolates within the staphylococci species did not affect the ROS production by blood and milk PMNL. In conclusion, our study showed differences in staphylococci species in evading phagocytosis and triggering ROS production, which may explain the ability of some staphylococci species (i.e., S. aureus and S. chromogenes) to cause persistent infection and induce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Fernando N Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, Brazil.
| | - Camila F Batista
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Anneleen De Visscher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Kamila R Santos
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Paula C Molinari
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - José A Ferronatto
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Adriano Franca da Cunha
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Maiara G Blagitz
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Bem-estar e Produção Animal Sustentável na Fronteira Sul, Campus Realeza, Realeza 85770-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G da Silva
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco P Rennó
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica M O P Cerqueira
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Alice M M P Della Libera
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
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3
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Marques RF, Araújo PPS, Pinheiro GHR, Souza RM, Martins D, Marchi SR. Hormesis of 2,4-D choline salt in productive aspects of cotton. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:977-985. [PMID: 34709963 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1997282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stimulating effect of a low dose of a substance considered to be toxic is known as hormesis. The aim of this work was to use dose-response curves to evaluate the hormesis effect provided by sub-doses of the herbicide 2,4-D choline salt on the productivity of cotton at different phenological stages. The experimental design was based on randomized blocks, with four repetitions and the treatments were distributed in a 9x3 factorial design, with nine fractions of the mean label dose of the herbicide 2,4-D choline salt formulation (0 (control); 0.4275; 0.855; 1.71; 3.42; 8.55; 17.1; 34.2 and 68.4 g a.e. ha-1) associated with three different phenological stage of cotton, namely: V4, B4 and C4. The plants were evaluated as to the main productive parameters of the cotton plant. When applied at the V4 stage, sub-doses of the herbicide 2,4-D choline salt negatively affect the cotton crop. Sub-doses between 0.82 and 2.23 g a.e. ha-1 of the herbicide 2,4-D choline salt applied at the B4 stage of cotton can increase all the productive variables of the crop. The productive aspects of cotton plants in the C4 stage were not influenced by the application of sub-doses of 2,4-D choline salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F Marques
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Matologia), FCAV-Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Prissila P S Araújo
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Jataí, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo M Souza
- Departamento de Matologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Martins
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Matologia), FCAV-Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Sidnei R Marchi
- Departamento de Matologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Barra do Garças, Brazil
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Kaagaard MD, Matos LO, Wegener A, Holm AE, Gomes LC, Lima KO, Vieira IM, Souza RM, Marinho CF, Biering-Soerensen T, Silvestre OM, Brainin P. Diagnostic value of electrocardiograms to identify pericardial effusion in acute malaria: a cross-sectional study. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with acute malaria are at risk of pericarditis and may benefit from timely identification of pericardial effusion. However, diagnostic imaging tools, such as echocardiography, are not always available in malaria endemic regions.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic yield of pathology in electrocardiograms (ECG) to identify pericardial effusion in acute malaria.
Methods
We enrolled adult acute malaria patients in community healthcare clinics in a remote area in South America. All patients underwent ECG, echocardiography, and peripheral blood smears. We excluded patients on anti-malarial medication, suspected concomitant infection and pregnant women. All ECGs were examined for the following criteria: (i) PR-depression >0.5mm and/or ST-elevation 0.5–1mm (I, II, aVL, aVF, V2–6) (ii) PR-elevation >0.5mm (only aVR), (iii) ST/T-ratio >0.25 (only V6), (v) low voltage, defined as QRS amplitude <5 mm in limb leads or <10 mm in precordial leads, and (vi) Spodick's sign (all leads). A criterion was positive when present in ≥2 leads. Information on shortness of breath and/or chest pain was also collected. Pericardial effusion was diagnosed by echocardiography and had to be ≥0.5cm in width.
Results
We included 99 non-severe malaria patients (age 40±15 years, 55% men, median parasite density 1517/mm3, [interquartile range 528 to 6,585/mm3]) who suffered from Plasmodium vivax (n=75), falciparum (n=22 falciparum) and mixed vivax/falciparum (n=2). The ECGs showed a mean frequency of 78±16bpm, PR-interval 147±20ms, QRS 88±11ms and QT-interval 376±34ms. A total of 11 patients displayed pericardial effusion (mean width 0.9±0.3cm, n=7 vivax, n=2 falciparum, n=2 mixed). Patients with effusion were older (mean age 39 vs 53 years, P=0.003), but displayed no difference in sex, parasite density or parasite species compared to patients without pericardial effusion (P>0.05). Distribution of ECG findings and symptoms are displayed in figure 1A. PR-depression had a sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing pericardial effusion of 73% and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for other ECG findings and clinical symptoms are displayed in Figure 1B.
Conclusion
ECG findings may aid in identifying pericardial effusion in acute malaria, specifically PR depression which had a diagnostic yield of 73% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Based on this, ECG in acute malaria may improve treatment and risk stratification when echocardiography is not an option.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Novo Nordisk Foundation, Independent Research Fund Denmark ECG findings in malaria patients
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Kaagaard
- Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L O Matos
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - A Wegener
- Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A E Holm
- Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L C Gomes
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - K O Lima
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - I M Vieira
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - R M Souza
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | | | - O M Silvestre
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - P Brainin
- Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Holm AE, Gomes L, Lima KO, Matos LO, Wegener A, Vieira IVM, Souza RM, Marinho CRF, Biering-Soerensen T, Silvestre OM, Brainin P. Patient reported health status and cardiovascular risk factors in a remote area of South America: a cross-sectional study. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several studies have indicated that self-perception of health is related to cardiovascular disease. Despite cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in South America, the relationship between patient reported health and cardiovascular risk is sparsely explored, specifically in indigenous areas.
Purpose
We assessed if self-rated health is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in a remote area in South America.
Methods
We included participants by cluster-randomization of community health care clinics from June to December 2020. Sociodemographic variables and information on cardiovascular risk factors were collected by questionnaires and physical examination. All participants rated their present health status according to the validated EQ5D-VAS instrument, ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
Results
A total of 492 participants (mean age 41±15 years; 38% men) were included. The mean value of self-rated health was 80 (range 0 to 100) and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors were: Hypertension (19%), hypercholesterolemia (15%), smoking (37%), low intake of vegetables (defined as <3 times per week; 54%), no sport activity (62%), diabetes (6%) and obesity (24%). In logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age and socioeconomic status, higher self-rated health was significantly associated with lower risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity and greater vegetable intake (P<0.05; Figure 1). No association was found with sport activity or diabetes. The total number of cardiovascular risk factors increased with lower self-rated health (beta = 0.100 [0.04 to 0.15], P<0.001 per 10 decrease in self-reported health).
Conclusion
Self-rated health was significantly associated with a greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors and may influence ideal cardiovascular health. Future studies should assess if patient reported health status constitutes an independent risk factor for heart disease in this specific population, and studies elucidating gaps on self-perception of cardiovascular health are encouraged.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Independent Research Fund Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Holm
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Gomes
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - K O Lima
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - L O Matos
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - A Wegener
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I V M Vieira
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - R M Souza
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | | | - O M Silvestre
- UFAC - Federal University of Acre, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - P Brainin
- Gentofte University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Reis AS, Barboza R, Murillo O, Barateiro A, Peixoto EPM, Lima FA, Gomes VM, Dombrowski JG, Leal VNC, Araujo F, Bandeira CL, Araujo RBD, Neres R, Souza RM, Costa FTM, Pontillo A, Bevilacqua E, Wrenger C, Wunderlich G, Palmisano G, Labriola L, Bortoluci KR, Penha-Gonçalves C, Gonçalves LA, Epiphanio S, Marinho CRF. Inflammasome activation and IL-1 signaling during placental malaria induce poor pregnancy outcomes. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax6346. [PMID: 32181339 PMCID: PMC7056302 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Placental malaria (PM) is associated with severe inflammation leading to abortion, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction. Innate immunity responses play critical roles, but the mechanisms underlying placental immunopathology are still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of inflammasome activation in PM by scrutinizing human placenta samples from an endemic area and ablating inflammasome components in a PM mouse model. The reduction in birth weight in babies from infected mothers is paralleled by increased placental expression of AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Using genetic dissection, we reveal that inflammasome activation pathways are involved in the production and detrimental action of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the infected placenta. The IL-1R pharmacological antagonist Anakinra improved pregnancy outcomes by restoring fetal growth and reducing resorption in an experimental model. These findings unveil that IL-1β-mediated signaling is a determinant of PM pathogenesis, suggesting that IL-1R antagonists can improve clinical outcomes of malaria infection in pregnancy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Caspase 1/genetics
- Caspase 1/immunology
- Cell Line
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Inflammasomes/drug effects
- Inflammasomes/genetics
- Inflammasomes/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Malaria/drug therapy
- Malaria/genetics
- Malaria/immunology
- Malaria/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/genetics
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology
- Plasmodium berghei/immunology
- Plasmodium berghei/pathogenicity
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/genetics
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/immunology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- THP-1 Cells
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/immunology
- Trophoblasts/parasitology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aramys S. Reis
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA, Brazil
| | - Renato Barboza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Oscar Murillo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Barateiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika P. M. Peixoto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia A. Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius M. Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamille G. Dombrowski
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius N. C. Leal
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciele Araujo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla L. Bandeira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana B. D. Araujo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita Neres
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo M. Souza
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Centro Multidisciplinar, Campus Floresta, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil
| | - Fabio T. M. Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Wunderlich
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Labriola
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina R. Bortoluci
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lígia A. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio R. F. Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Neves PAR, Lourenço BH, Pincelli A, Malta MB, Souza RM, Ferreira MU, Castro MC, Cardoso MA. High prevalence of gestational night blindness and maternal anemia in a population-based survey of Brazilian Amazonian postpartum women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219203. [PMID: 31269067 PMCID: PMC6608963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition during pregnancy is one of the key elements to good maternal and child health, as well as to lifetime landmarks. However, many pregnant women go undernourished in less developed settings. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with gestational night blindness (GXN) and maternal anemia in a cross-sectional population-based study in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre State, Western Brazilian Amazon. All women living in the municipality admitted at the only maternity-hospital in the city to delivery of a singleton infant were eligible to this study (n = 1,525). Recruitment of participants took place between July 2015 to June 2016. GXN was assessed in the postpartum period by WHO standardized interview. Maternal anemia was defined as hemoglobin at delivery < 110.0 g/L. We estimated prevalence rates and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR), alongside 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), of the factors associated with the outcomes through multiple Poisson regression models with robust variance. Alarming prevalence of GXN (11.5%; 95% CI, 9.97-13.25) and maternal anemia (39.4%; 95% CI, 36.84-41.95) were found. Factors associated with GXN were (aPR; 95% CI): ≥ 5 residents in the household (2.06; 1.24-3.41), smoking during pregnancy (1.78; 1.15-2.78), and attending < 6 antenatal care visits (1.61; 1.08-2.40). Factors associated with maternal anemia were (aPR; 95% CI): maternal age < 19 years (1.18; 1.01-1.38), gestational malaria (1.22; 1.01-1.49), not taking micronutrient supplements during pregnancy (1.27; 1.01-1.62), and attending < 6 antenatal care visits (1.40; 1.15-1.70). High prevalence rates of GXN and maternal anemia in these postpartum women may reflect poor assistance during antenatal care, underlying the importance of rethinking current protocols related to nutrition in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. R. Neves
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara H. Lourenço
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anaclara Pincelli
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra B. Malta
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Souza
- Multidisciplinary Center, Federal University of Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo U. Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia C. Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marly A. Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kawahara R, Rosa-Fernandes L, Dos Santos AF, Bandeira CL, Dombrowski JG, Souza RM, Da Fonseca MP, Festuccia WT, Labriola L, Larsen MR, Marinho CRF, Palmisano G. Integrated Proteomics Reveals Apoptosis-related Mechanisms Associated with Placental Malaria. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:182-199. [PMID: 30242111 PMCID: PMC6356084 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy is a public health concern in malaria-endemic areas. Accumulation of maternal immune cells in the placenta and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes have been associated to poor neonatal outcomes, including low birth weight because of fetal growth restriction. Little is known about the molecular changes occurring in a P. falciparum-infected placenta that has developed placental malaria during pregnancy but had the parasites cleared by pharmacological treatment (past infection). We conducted an integrated proteome, phosphoproteome and glycoproteome analysis in past P. falciparum-infected placentas aiming to find molecular changes associated with placental malaria. A total of 2946 proteins, 1733 N-linked glycosites and 4100 phosphosites were identified and quantified in this study, disclosing overrepresented processes related to oxidative stress, protein folding and regulation of apoptosis in past-infected placentas Moreover, AKT and ERK signaling pathways activation, together with clinical data, were further correlated to an increased apoptosis in past-infected placentas. This study showed apoptosis-related mechanisms associated with placental malaria that can be further explored as therapeutic target against adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Kawahara
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Carla Letícia Bandeira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamille G Dombrowski
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Labriola
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil;.
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil;.
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Oliveira BL, Souza RM, Silva Filho JP, Gomes LC, Fernandes LFL. Hematological and biochemical characteristics during the transport of dog snapper Lutjanus jocu (Perciformes: Lutjanidae). Neotrop ichthyol 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate stress responses in dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu) during transport by evaluating their hematological and biochemical responses. Twenty-five wild dog snapper specimens were used in the experiment (220 ± 68 g and 24.5 ± 2.5 cm total length). Blood samples were collected prior to transport (control), and fish were placed in two transport boxes, one with anesthetic and one without anesthetic. Immediately after transport and after 24 h, blood was collected from the fish that underwent each treatment (with anesthetic and without anesthetic). Biochemical and hematological results demonstrated the inefficiency of benzocaine as a stress reliever during handling and transport. Biochemical parameters revealed the effects of stress during transport, and after 24 h, glucose levels and hematological parameters (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils and MCH) showed a tendency to return to control levels. This study is the first to report stress response measurements of hematological and biochemical indicators in dog snapper, representing an important basis for the planning of future experiments involving the transport and handling of this fish species.
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Dombrowski JG, Souza RM, Curry J, Hinton L, Silva NRM, Grignard L, Gonçalves LA, Gomes AR, Epiphanio S, Drakeley C, Huggett J, Clark TG, Campino S, Marinho CRF. G6PD deficiency alleles in a malaria-endemic region in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2017; 16:253. [PMID: 28619120 PMCID: PMC5471696 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax parasites are the predominant cause of malaria infections in the Brazilian Amazon. Infected individuals are treated with primaquine, which can induce haemolytic anaemia in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals and may lead to severe and fatal complications. This X-linked disorder is distributed globally and is caused by allelic variants with a geographical distribution that closely reflects populations exposed historically to endemic malaria. In Brazil, few studies have reported the frequency of G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) present in malaria-endemic areas. This is particularly important, as G6PDd screening is not currently performed before primaquine treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of G6PDd in the region of Alto do Juruá, in the Western Brazilian Amazon, an area characterized by a high prevalence of P. vivax infection. METHODS Five-hundred and sixteen male volunteers were screened for G6PDd using the fluorescence spot test (Beutler test) and CareStart™ G6PD Biosensor system. Demographic and clinical-epidemiological data were acquired through an individual interview. To assess the genetic basis of G6PDd, 24 SNPs were genotyped using the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR assay. RESULTS Twenty-three (4.5%) individuals were G6PDd. No association was found between G6PDd and the number of malaria cases. An increased risk of reported haemolysis symptoms and blood transfusions was evident among the G6PDd individuals. Twenty-two individuals had the G6PDd A(-) variant and one the G6PD A(+) variant. The Mediterranean variant was not present. Apart from one polymorphism, almost all SNPs were monomorphic or with low frequencies (0-0.04%). No differences were detected among ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The data indicates that ~1/23 males from the Alto do Juruá could be G6PD deficient and at risk of haemolytic anaemia if treated with primaquine. G6PD A(-) is the most frequent deficiency allele in this population. These results concur with reported G6PDd in other regions in Brazil. Routine G6PDd screening to personalize primaquine administration should be considered, particularly as complete treatment of patients with vivax malaria using chloroquine and primaquine, is crucial for malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille G Dombrowski
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Souza
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Center, Federal University of Acre, Acre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natercia R M Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lynn Grignard
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ligia A Gonçalves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Gomes
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jim Huggett
- Molecular and Cell Biology, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, UK.,School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gonzalez AGM, Cerqueira AMF, Guth BEC, Coutinho CA, Liberal MHT, Souza RM, Andrade JRC. Serotypes, virulence markers and cell invasion ability of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy dairy cattle. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1130-43. [PMID: 27426967 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The occurrence of virulence markers, serotypes and invasive ability were investigated in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from faecal samples of healthy dairy cattle at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS From 1562 stx-positive faecal samples, 105 STEC strains were isolated by immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) or plating onto MacConkey agar (MC) followed by colony hybridisation. Fifty (47·6%) strains belonged to nine serotypes (O8:H19, O22:H8, O22:H16, O74:H42, O113:H21, O141:H21, O157:H7, O171:H2 and ONT:H21). The prevalent serotypes were O157:H7 (12·4%), O113:H21 (6·7%) and O8:H19 (5·7%). Virulence genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E-hlyA (77·1%) was the more prevalent virulence marker, followed by espP (64·8%), saa (39%), eae (24·8%) and astA (21·9%). All O157:H7 strains carried the γ (gamma) variant of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes and the stx2c gene, while the stx1/stx2 genotype prevailed among the eae-negative strains. None of the eae-positive STEC produced the localized adherence (LA) phenotype in HEp-2 or Caco-2 cells. However, intimate attachment (judged by the fluorescent actin staining test) was detected in some eae-positive strains, both in HEp-2 (23·1%) and in Caco-2 cells (11·5%). Most strains (87·5%) showed 'peripheral association' (PA) adherence phenotype to undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Twenty-five (92·6%) of 27 strains invaded Caco-2 cells. The highest average value of invasion (9·6%) was observed among the eae-negative bovine strains from serotypes described in human disease. CONCLUSION Healthy dairy cattle is a reservoir of STEC carrying virulence genes and properties associated with human disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Although reports of human disease associated with STEC are scarce in Brazil, the colonization of the animal reservoir by potentially pathogenic strains offers a significant risk to our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G M Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bromatologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil.
| | - A M F Cerqueira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil
| | - B E C Guth
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - C A Coutinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - M H T Liberal
- Centro Estadual de Pesquisa em Sanidade Animal, Pesagro-Rio, Niterói, Brasil
| | - R M Souza
- Centro Estadual de Pesquisa em Sanidade Animal, Pesagro-Rio, Niterói, Brasil
| | - J R C Andrade
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Alves-Rodrigues EN, Veras MM, Rosa KT, de Castro I, Furukawa LNS, Oliveira IB, Souza RM, Heimann JC. Salt intake during pregnancy alters offspring's myocardial structure. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:481-486. [PMID: 22397882 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To evaluate the effects of low or high salt intake during pregnancy on left ventricle of adult male offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS Low- (LS, 0.15%), normal- (NS, 1.3%) or high-salt (HS, 8% NaCl) diet was given to Wistar rats during pregnancy. During lactation all dams received NS as well as the offspring after weaning. To evaluate cardiac response to salt overload, 50% of each offspring group was fed a high-salt (hs, 4% NaCl) diet from the 21st to the 36th week of age (LShs, NShs, HShs). The remaining 50% was maintained on NS (LSns, NSns and HSns). Echocardiography was done at 20 and 30 weeks of age. Mean blood pressure (MBP), histology and left ventricular angiotensin II content (AII) were analyzed at 36 weeks of age. Interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall and relative wall thickness increased from the 20th to the 30th week of age only in HShs, cardiomyocyte mean volume was higher in HShs compared to NShs, LShs and HSns. AII and left ventricular fibrosis were not different among groups. CONCLUSIONS HS during pregnancy programs adult male offspring to a blood pressure and angiotensin II independent concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, with no fibrosis, in response to a chronic high-salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Alves-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Costa FT, Lopes SC, Albrecht L, Ataíde R, Siqueira AM, Souza RM, Russell B, Renia L, Marinho CR, Lacerda MV. On the pathogenesis of Plasmodium vivax malaria: Perspectives from the Brazilian field. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:1099-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Molina JP, Dolinski C, Souza RM, Lewis EE. Effect of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) on Meloidogyne mayaguensis Rammah and Hirschmann (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae) Infection in Tomato Plants. J Nematol 2007; 39:338-342. [PMID: 19259509 PMCID: PMC2586509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies suggest that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) affect plant-parasitic nematode populations. Here, the effects of live and dead IJ of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora JPM4, H. baujardi LPP7, Steinernema feltiae SN and S. carpocapsae All were evaluated against eggs and J2 of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne mayaguensis. According to treatment, 100 IJ were applied with 350 eggs, 350 J2 or 175 eggs + 175 J2 to tomato plants. Bioassays were conducted in March to May and repeated in September to November 2005. Both experiments lasted 9 weeks, and the variable evaluated was number of galls per plant. When eggs were used for infections in the first trial, plants exhibited lower gall number compared to control when live and dead H. baujardi IJ and live S. feltiae IJ were added (9.7, 4.5, 7.3 and 85.7 galls, respectively). In the second trial, live S. feltiae and S. carpocapasae IJ influenced gall formation compared to control (14.33, 14.57 and 168.02 galls, respectively). When J2 were used for infections, plants with live H. baujardi IJ presented less galls when compared to control in both trials (38.3 and 355.7 galls in the first trial and 145.2 and 326.2 in the second one, respectively). Infection with a mixture of J2 and eggs resulted in fewer galls than when live S. feltiae IJ were present in both trials, compared to control (38.3 and 44.2 galls vs. 275.3 and 192.2 galls, respectively). We conclude that H. baujardi and S. feltiae apparently may be inhibiting egg hatching and J2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Molina
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. CCTA/LEF, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, CEP 28013-620, Campos dos Goytacazes. RJ, 28015-620 Brazil Departments of Nematology and Entomology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Souza RM, Freitas LAR, Lyra AC, Moraes CF, Braga EL, Lyra LGC. Effect of iron overload on the severity of liver histologic alterations and on the response to interferon and ribavirin therapy of patients with hepatitis C infection. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005; 39:79-83. [PMID: 16400467 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of hepatic iron overload in patients with chronic HCV infection and to correlate it with histologic alterations, HCV genotype and response to therapy. Liver tissue samples from 95 patients with chronic hepatitis C were divided into two groups: group I, presence of iron overload in hepatic tissue (Perls' staining) and group II, no iron overload. Hepatic iron overload was detected in 30 (31.6%) of 95 patients. Of the 69 patients tested by genotyping, 49 (71.01%) were genotype 1 and 20 (28.99%) genotype non-1. Iron overload was detected in 14 (28.6%) patients with genotype 1 and in 6 (30%) with genotype non-1 (P = 0.906). There was a significant difference in fibrosis stage between groups (P = 0.005). In group I (N = 30), one patient had stage F0/F1 of fibrosis, while in group II (N = 65), 22 (33.8%) patients had minimal or no fibrosis. Fibrosis stage F2/F3 was observed in 70% of group I patients compared to 46.2% of group II. Eighty-five patients were treated with a combination of interferon and ribavirin; 29 of them (34.1%) had a sustained virologic response and 8 (27.6%) of them had hepatic iron overload. Iron overload was detected in 18 (32.1%) of the 56 non-responders (P = 0.73). Hepatic iron overload was frequent among patients with chronic hepatitis C and was associated with a more severe stage of liver fibrosis. There was no association between iron overload and HCV genotype and response to interferon and ribavirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Souza
- Serviço de Gastro-Hepatologia, Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Souza RM, Baldwin JG. Changes in Esophageal Gland Activity During the Life Cycle of Nacobbus aberrans (Nemata: Pratylenchidae). J Nematol 1998; 30:275-290. [PMID: 19274221 PMCID: PMC2620309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron and light microscopy were used to study the dorsal gland (DG) and the two subventral glands (SvG) of seven developmental phases of Nacobbus aberrans: pre-parasitic second-stage juveniles (J2), parasitic J2, third- (J3) and fourth- (J4) stages, migratory females, young sedentary females, and mature sedentary females. In each developmental phase the level of esophageal gland activity, was estimated by the abundance of organelles associated with secretory pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi, multivesicular bodies, and secretory granules. All esophageal glands were metabolically active in all J2 examined, although only in parasitic J2 were there numerous secretory granules in the esophageal gland extensions and ampullae. No evidence of secretory activity was observed in the esophageal glands of the coiled and relatively inactive J3 and J4, nor in migratory females; these stages apparently do not feed. Observations suggest that reserves stored by J2 sustain three ecdyses and the migratory female's search for a feeding site and induction of a syncytium. Feeding activity is resumed in young and mature sedentary females, in which the DG is highly active and enlarged. The SvG are metabolically active, but with little synthesis of secretory granules, suggesting that in sedentary females the SvG may have physiological roles other than digestion.
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