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Soloyan H, Thornton M, Villani V, Khatchadourian P, Cravedi P, Angeletti A, Grubbs B, De Filippo R, Perin L, Sedrakyan S. Glomerular endothelial cell heterogeneity in Alport syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11414. [PMID: 32651395 PMCID: PMC7351764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) are a crucial component of the glomerular physiology and their damage contributes to the progression of chronic kidney diseases. How GEC affect the pathology of Alport syndrome (AS) however, is unclear. We characterized GEC from wild type (WT) and col4α5 knockout AS mice, a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive renal failure. We used endothelial-specific Tek-tdTomato reporter mice to isolate GEC by FACS and performed transcriptome analysis on them from WT and AS mice, followed by in vitro functional assays and confocal and intravital imaging studies. Biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease, including AS were compared with our findings in mice. We identified two subpopulations of GEC (dimtdT and brighttdT) based on the fluorescence intensity of the TektdT signal. In AS mice, the brighttdT cell number increased and presented differential expression of endothelial markers compared to WT. RNA-seq analysis revealed differences in the immune and metabolic signaling pathways. In AS mice, dimtdT and brighttdT cells had different expression profiles of matrix-associated genes (Svep1, Itgβ6), metabolic activity (Apom, Pgc1α) and immune modulation (Apelin, Icam1) compared to WT mice. We confirmed a new pro-inflammatory role of Apelin in AS mice and in cultured human GEC. Gene modulations were identified comparable to the biopsies from patients with AS and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, possibly indicating that the same mechanisms apply to humans. We report the presence of two GEC subpopulations that differ between AS and healthy mice or humans. This finding paves the way to a better understanding of the pathogenic role of GEC in AS progression and could lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Soloyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Patrick Khatchadourian
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roger De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA. .,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Villani V, Thornton ME, Zook HN, Crook CJ, Grubbs BH, Orlando G, De Filippo R, Ku HT, Perin L. SOX9+/PTF1A+ Cells Define the Tip Progenitor Cells of the Human Fetal Pancreas of the Second Trimester. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1249-1264. [PMID: 31631582 PMCID: PMC6877773 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in recent years in characterizing human multipotent progenitor cells (hMPCs) of the early pancreas; however, the identity and persistence of these cells during the second trimester, after the initiation of branching morphogenesis, remain elusive. Additionally, studies on hMPCs have been hindered by few isolation methods that allow for the recovery of live cells. Here, we investigated the tip progenitor domain in the branched epithelium of human fetal pancreas between 13.5 and 17.5 gestational weeks by immunohistological staining. We also used a novel RNA-based technology to isolate live cells followed by gene expression analyses. We identified cells co-expressing SOX9 and PTF1A, two transcription factors known to be important for pancreatic MPCs, within the tips of the epithelium and observed a decrease in their proportions over time. Pancreatic SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells were enriched for MPC markers, including MYC and GATA6. These cells were proliferative and appeared active in branching morphogenesis and matrix remodeling, as evidenced by gene set enrichment analysis. We identified a hub of genes pertaining to the expanding tip progenitor niche, such as FOXF1, GLI3, TBX3, FGFR1, TGFBR2, ITGAV, ITGA2, and ITGB3. YAP1 of the Hippo pathway emerged as a highly enriched component within the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing further corroborated the findings by identifying a cluster of SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells with multipotent characteristics. Based on these results, we propose that the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells in the human pancreas are uncommitted MPC-like cells that reside at the tips of the expanding pancreatic epithelium, directing self-renewal and inducing pancreatic organogenesis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1249&1264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heather N Zook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christiana J Crook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Kim MS, Koppin CM, Mohan P, Goodarzian F, Ross HM, Geffner ME, De Filippo R, Kokorowski P. Absence of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in Newborns, Infants, and Toddlers with Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 92:157-161. [PMID: 31747670 PMCID: PMC7004842 DOI: 10.1159/000504135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) are a known consequence for males with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. TART are associated with potential infertility in adults. However, little is known about TART in very young males with CAH. OBJECTIVE We assessed the presence of TART in newborn, infant, and toddler males with classical CAH via scrotal ultrasound. METHODS Males with CAH had scrotal ultrasounds during the first 4 years of life, evaluating testes for morphology, blood flow, and presence of TART. Newborn screen 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and serum 17-OHP at the time of ultrasound were recorded. Bone ages were considered very advanced if ≥2 SD above chronological age. RESULTS Thirty-one ultrasounds in 16 males were performed. An initial ultrasound was obtained in four newborns at diagnosis (6.8 ± 2.1 days), six infants (2.2 ± 0.9 months), and six toddlers (2.4 ± 0.9 years). Eleven males had at least one repeat ultrasound. A large proportion (11/16) were in poor hormonal control with an elevated 17-OHP (325 ± 298 nmol/L). One infant was in very poor hormonal control (17-OHP 447 nmol/L) at initial ultrasound, and two toddlers had advanced bone ages (+3.2 and +4.5 SD) representing exposure to postnatal androgens. However, no TART were detected in any subjects. CONCLUSIONS TART were not found by scrotal ultrasound in males up to 4 years of age with classical CAH despite settings with expected high ACTH drive. Further research into the occurrence of TART in CAH may elucidate factors that contribute to the detection and individual predisposition to TART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi S. Kim
- Corresponding Author: Mimi Kim, M.D., M.Sc., Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Mailstop #61, Los Angeles, CA 90027, , Phone: +1 323-361-1358
| | - Christina M. Koppin
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Pankhuri Mohan
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fariba Goodarzian
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California,Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Heather M. Ross
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mitchell E. Geffner
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California,The Saban Research Institute
| | - Roger De Filippo
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California,Division of Pediatric Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Paul Kokorowski
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California,Division of Pediatric Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
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Da Sacco S, Vulto P, Joore J, De Filippo R, Perin L. PD33-01 GLOMERULUS ON-A-CHIP AS A MODEL TO STUDY THE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION BARRIER IN VITRO. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Petrosyan A, Kargin S, Thornton M, Grubbs B, De Filippo R, Perin L, Da Sacco S. MP81-01 EFFECT OF INTEGRIN SIGNALING BLOCKADE ON SELF-RENEWAL AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN NEPHROGENIC PROGENITORS IN VITRO. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ghodoussipour S, Chopra S, Thaker H, Han J, De Filippo R, Vasquez E. V09-12 ROBOTIC ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC UROGENITAL SINUS MOBILIZATION AND BLADDER NECK SLING. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sedrakyan S, Villani V, Porta S, Da Sacco S, Tripuraneni N, Achena A, Lavarreda-Pearce M, Soloyan H, De Filippo R, Bussolati B, Perin L. MP41-01 EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES REGULATE GLOMERULAR VEGF HOMEOSTASIS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. J Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Choi D, Ramu S, Park E, Jung E, Yang S, Jung W, Choi I, Lee S, Kim KE, Seong YJ, Hong M, Daghlian G, Kim D, Shin E, Seo JI, Khatchadourian V, Zou M, Li W, De Filippo R, Kokorowski P, Chang A, Kim S, Bertoni A, Furlanetto TW, Shin S, Li M, Chen Y, Wong A, Koh C, Geliebter J, Hong YK. Aberrant Activation of Notch Signaling Inhibits PROX1 Activity to Enhance the Malignant Behavior of Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2015; 76:582-93. [PMID: 26609053 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most common endocrine malignancies associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although multiple studies have contributed to a better understanding of the genetic alterations underlying this frequently arising disease, the downstream molecular effectors that impact PTC pathogenesis remain to be further defined. Here, we report that the regulator of cell fate specification, PROX1, becomes inactivated in PTC through mRNA downregulation and cytoplasmic mislocalization. Expression studies in clinical specimens revealed that aberrantly activated NOTCH signaling promoted PROX1 downregulation and that cytoplasmic mislocalization significantly altered PROX1 protein stability. Importantly, restoration of PROX1 activity in thyroid carcinoma cells revealed that PROX1 not only enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling but also regulated several genes known to be associated with PTC, including thyroid cancer protein (TC)-1, SERPINA1, and FABP4. Furthermore, PROX1 reexpression suppressed the malignant phenotypes of thyroid carcinoma cells, such as proliferation, motility, adhesion, invasion, anchorage-independent growth, and polyploidy. Moreover, animal xenograft studies demonstrated that restoration of PROX1 severely impeded tumor formation and suppressed the invasiveness and the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of PTC cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that NOTCH-induced PROX1 inactivation significantly promotes the malignant behavior of thyroid carcinoma and suggest that PROX1 reactivation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Choi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swapnika Ramu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunkyung Park
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunson Jung
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara Yang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wonhyeuk Jung
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Inho Choi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunju Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kyu Eui Kim
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Young Jin Seong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mingu Hong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - George Daghlian
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Kim
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugene Shin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jung In Seo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vicken Khatchadourian
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roger De Filippo
- Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul Kokorowski
- Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andy Chang
- Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steve Kim
- Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana Bertoni
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tania Weber Furlanetto
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sung Shin
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, California
| | - Meng Li
- Bioinformatics Service Program, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibu Chen
- Bioinformatics Service Program, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alex Wong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chester Koh
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Villani V, Milanesi A, Sedrakyan S, Da Sacco S, Angelow S, Conconi MT, Di Liddo R, De Filippo R, Perin L. Amniotic fluid stem cells prevent β-cell injury. Cytotherapy 2013; 16:41-55. [PMID: 24210784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The contribution of amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) to tissue protection and regeneration in models of acute and chronic kidney injuries and lung failure has been shown in recent years. In the present study, we used a chemically induced mouse model of type 1 diabetes to determine whether AFSC could play a role in modulating β-cell injury and restoring β-cell function. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were given intracardial injection of AFSC; morphological and physiological parameters and gene expression profile for the insulin pathway were evaluated after cell transplantation. RESULTS AFSC injection resulted in protection from β-cell damage and increased β-cell regeneration in a subset of mice as indicated by glucose and insulin levels, increased islet mass and preservation of islet structure. Moreover, β-cell preservation/regeneration correlated with activation of the insulin receptor/Pi3K/Akt signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression involved in maintaining β-cell mass and function. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a therapeutic role for AFSC in preserving and promoting endogenous β-cell functionality and proliferation. The protective role of AFSC is evident when stem cell transplantation is performed before severe hyperglycemia occurs, which suggests the importance of early intervention. The present study demonstrates the possible benefits of the application of a non-genetically engineered stem cell population derived from amniotic fluid for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and gives new insight on the mechanism by which the beneficial effect is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villani
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna Milanesi
- Division of Endocrinology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susanne Angelow
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roger De Filippo
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Perin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Lee D, Dalag L, Patil M, Behan J, Kim S, De Filippo R, Chang A, Koh C. 1225 URETERAL STENTING IS UNNECESSARY DURING ROBOTIC-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC EXTRAVESICAL URETERAL REIMPLANTATION FOR PRIMARY VESICOURETERAL REFLUX. J Urol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Davis-Dao C, Koh CJ, Hardy BE, Chang A, Kim SS, De Filippo R, Hwang A, Pike MC, Carroll JD, Coetzee GA, Vandenberg D, Siegmund K, Cortessis VK. Shorter androgen receptor CAG repeat lengths associated with cryptorchidism risk among Hispanic white boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E393-9. [PMID: 22188741 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital malformation among males, the major established risk factor for testicular germ cell tumors, and a presumed infertility risk factor. Androgens are essential for testicular descent, and functional genetic polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene (AR) are postulated to influence cryptorchidism risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether the CAG repeat length polymorphism in exon 1 of the AR is associated with cryptorchidism risk. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a family-based genotype-risk association study employing the transmission disequilibrium test for genotypic variants transmitted on the X-chromosome at a university-affiliated regional children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS We studied 127 Hispanic boys with persistent cryptorchidism and comorbidities described in detail and their biological mothers. INTERVENTION Genotypes defined by number of CAG repeats were measured for each member of participating son-mother pairs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Associations between CAG tract length genotype and cryptorchidism risk were estimated using matched-pairs logistic regression. RESULTS Cryptorchidism risk was significantly associated with shorter CAG repeats [CAG≤19 vs. CAG≥20, odds ratio (OR)=0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23-0.88]. This association was restricted to cryptorchidism with accompanying comorbidities, which was primarily hernia [CAG≤19 vs. CAG≥20, OR=0.35 (95% CI, 0.16-0.78)], and was strongest for bilateral cryptorchidism [CAG≤19 vs. CAG≥20, OR=0.09 (95% CI, 0.010-0.78)]. CONCLUSIONS Androgen receptor genotypes encoding moderate functional variation may influence cryptorchidism risk, particularly among boys with bilateral nondescent or congenital hernia, and may explain in part the elevated risk of testicular seminoma experienced by ex-cryptorchid boys. Mechanistic research is warranted to examine both classical and nonclassical mechanisms through which androgens may influence risk of cryptorchidism and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Davis-Dao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MC-9175, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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12
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Sedrakyan S, Perin L, Da Sacco S, Shiri L, Lemley K, De Filippo R. 184 AMNIOTIC FLUID STEM CELLS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Perin L, Sedrakyan S, Da Sacco S, Carraro G, Shiri L, Lemley K, De Filippo R. 182 PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID STEM CELLS IN ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS. J Urol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koh C, Eisenberg M, Berger A, Brandina R, Dorin R, De Filippo R, Chang A, Hardy B, Dunn M, Aron M, Gill I, Desai M. V1109 LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SINGLE SITE (LESS) NEPHRECTOMY IN CHILDREN: FROM INFANTS TO ADOLESCENTS. J Urol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koh C, De Filippo R, Chang A, Hardy B, Berger A, Kim P, Patil M, Aron M, Gill I, Desai M. 454 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND FEASIBILITY OF PEDIATRIC LAPARO-ENDOSCOPIC SINGLE SITE (LESS) NEPHRECTOMIES. J Urol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kokorowski PJ, Chandrasoma ST, Dunn M, De Filippo R, Chang A, Lau CS, Koh CJ. LESSONS LEARNED FROM A COMPARISON OF ADULT AND PEDIATRIC ROBOTIC-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PYELOPLASTIES. J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(09)61086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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De Filippo R, Bertram TA, Jayo MJ, Seltzer E. ADAPTIVE REGULATION OF REGENERATED BLADDER SIZE AFTER IMPLANTATION WITH TENGION NEO-BLADDER AUGMENT™ EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE. J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(09)60763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chung SS, Kang DO, Hsu KT, Kokorowski P, Yamzon J, Perin L, De Filippo R, Jones P, Warburton D, Atala A, Koh CJ. FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 10-MEDIATED DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID STEM CELLS INTO UROTHELIAL CELLS BY CO-CULTIVATION WITH HUMAN BLADDER CANCER CELLS. J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(09)60126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Perin L, Sedrakyan S, Da Sacco S, De Filippo R. Characterization of human amniotic fluid stem cells and their pluripotential capability. Methods Cell Biol 2008; 86:85-99. [PMID: 18442645 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been ever-increasing emphasis placed on stem cells and their potential role in regenerative medicine for reconstruction of bio-artificial tissues and organs. Scientists have looked at various sources for pluripotential cells ranging from embryonic stem cells to adult stem cells. Amniocentesis is a well-established technique for the collection of cells derived from the human embryo. In this chapter, we are going to describe how to isolate, maintain in culture, and characterize the pluripotential capabilities of stem cells derived from amniocentesis in an in vitro and in vivo system. Cell samples are obtained from human pregnancies, and the progenitor cells are isolated from male fetuses with a normal karyotype in order to confirm the absence of maternal admixed cells. Progenitor cells express embryonic-specific cell markers, they show a high self-renewal capacity with 350 population doublings, and normal ploidy is confirmed by cell-cycle analyses. They maintain their undifferentiated state, pluripotential ability, clonogenicity, and telomere length over the population doublings. The progenitor cells are inducible to different cell lineages (osteogenic, adipogenic, skeletal muscle, endothelial, neuronal, and hepatic cells) under specific growth conditions. The ability to induce cell-type-specific differentiation is confirmed by phenotypic changes, immunocytochemistry, gene expression, and functional analyses. In addition, we will describe an application of these cells in an ex vivo and in vivo system for potential in organ (renal) regeneration. The progenitor cells described in this chapter have a high potential for expansion, and may be a good source for research and therapeutic applications where large numbers of cells are needed. Progenitor cells isolated during gestation may be beneficial for fetuses diagnosed with malformations and could be cryopreserved for future self-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perin
- Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Developmental Biology Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
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Banks K, Tuazon E, Koh C, De Filippo R, Chang A, Berhane K, Cortessis VK. MALIGNANT POTENTIAL OF THE CRYPTORCHID TESTIS ASSOCIATED WITH BILATERAL OCCURRENCE, PERSISTENT NON-DESCENT, AND ADVANCED AGE AT REPAIR: RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYSIS. J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(08)60418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Giuliani S, Perin L, Sedrakyan S, Kokorowski P, Jin D, De Filippo R. Ex vivo whole embryonic kidney culture: a novel method for research in development, regeneration and transplantation. J Urol 2007; 179:365-70. [PMID: 18006007 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole metanephric organ culture represents a novel investigatory approach with potential application in many aspects of research in kidney regeneration and transplantation. We report the current status of embryonic kidney culture, discussing issues such as the appropriate culture conditions and methods, histological results, values of and limitations to the different techniques used today. To optimize this system in vitro for the benefit of future studies we focused our efforts on evaluating and developing a new durable 3-dimensional organ culture system using a uniquely modified approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metanephric kidneys were microdissected from the embryos of timed pregnant WT C57BL/C6 mice on days 12 to 16 of gestation (embryonic days 12 to 16). Novel perfusion channels were created in the harvested embryonic kidneys before placing them in culture. Embryonic kidneys were placed on a 0.4 microm pore size Transwell membrane, cultured in base medium at a medium gas interphase and incubated at 37C with fully humidified 5% CO2. Histological and immunocytochemical analysis was performed to evaluate for signs of necrosis, and the structural integrity and functionality of organs during culture. RESULTS We confirmed histologically that our organ culture system was capable of maintaining normal kidney structures significantly longer (mean 10 days) than previously reported standard protocols. Condensation and aggregation of the metanephric mesenchyma at the tips of the ureteral bud were observed, including the formation of well developed nephrons and glomeruli without evidence of necrosis. Organ maturation occurred in a developmentally appropriate centrifugal pattern and the expression of key regulatory factors was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro model replicates closely the in vivo processes involved in normal kidney development. We also present what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a durable 3-dimensional kidney culture system reported in the literature. This system may represent an uncomplicated method for in vitro kidney culture that we hope will serve as an effective adjunct to research focused on signaling pathways, development and regeneration as applied to the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giuliani
- Division of Urology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Saban Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90041, USA
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Kokorowski P, Kim S, Jackson H, Moats R, Schiel L, Berkeley D, De Filippo R. Volumetric 3D magnetic resonance urography: A new imaging modality that enhances the diagnosis of various conditions in pediatric urology. J Am Coll Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Giuliani S, Perin L, Sedrakyan S, Warburton D, De Filippo R. The in vivo application of amniotic fluid stem cells for the repair of kidney damage after glycerol induced tubulonecrosis. J Am Coll Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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De Filippo R, Perin L, Giuliani S, Maeshima A, Jin D, Sedrakyan S, Atala A. Renal tubular regeneration from human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells. J Am Coll Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Giuliani S, Perin L, Maeshima A, Jin D, Sedrakyan S, Atala A, De Filippo R. In situ injection of amniotic fluid stem cells for the bioengineering of de novo renal tissue. J Am Coll Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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