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Mietlicki-Baase EG, Liberini CG, Workinger JL, Bonaccorso RL, Borner T, Reiner DJ, Koch-Laskowski K, McGrath LE, Lhamo R, Stein LM, De Jonghe BC, Holz GG, Roth CL, Doyle RP, Hayes MR. A vitamin B12 conjugate of exendin-4 improves glucose tolerance without associated nausea or hypophagia in rodents. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1223-1234. [PMID: 29327400 PMCID: PMC5899935 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS While pharmacological glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, a major side effect is nausea/malaise. We recently developed a conjugate of vitamin B12 (B12) bound to the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (Ex4), which displays enhanced proteolytic stability and retention of GLP-1R agonism. Here, we evaluate whether the conjugate (B12-Ex4) can improve glucose tolerance without producing anorexia and malaise. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the effects of systemic B12-Ex4 and unconjugated Ex4 on food intake and body weight change, oral glucose tolerance and nausea/malaise in male rats, and on intraperitoneal glucose tolerance in mice. To evaluate whether differences in the profile of effects of B12-Ex4 vs unconjugated Ex4 are the result of altered CNS penetrance, rats received systemic injections of fluorescein-Ex4 (Flex), Cy5-B12 or Cy5-B12-Ex4 and brain penetrance was evaluated using confocal microscopy. Uptake of systemically administered Cy5-B12-Ex4 in insulin-containing pancreatic beta cells was also examined. RESULTS B12-Ex4 conjugate improves glucose tolerance, but does not elicit the malaise and anorexia produced by unconjugated Ex4. While Flex robustly penetrates into the brain (dorsal vagal complex, paraventricular hypothalamus), Cy5-B12 and Cy5-B12-Ex4 fluorescence were not observed centrally, supporting an absence of CNS penetrance, in line with observed reduction in CNS-associated Ex4 side effects. Cy5-B12-Ex4 colocalizes with insulin in the pancreas, suggesting direct pancreatic action as a potential mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic effects of B12-Ex4. CONCLUSION These novel findings highlight the potential clinical utility of B12-Ex4 conjugates as possible future T2DM therapeutics with reduced incidence of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia G. Liberini
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David J. Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kieran Koch-Laskowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lauren E. McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rinzin Lhamo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lauren M. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bart C. De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - George G. Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Christian L. Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Matthew R. Hayes, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, 215-573-6070, ; Dr. Robert P. Doyle, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, 315-443-3584,
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Matthew R. Hayes, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, 215-573-6070, ; Dr. Robert P. Doyle, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, 315-443-3584,
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Chepurny OG, Bonaccorso RL, Leech CA, Wöllert T, Langford GM, Schwede F, Roth CL, Doyle RP, Holz GG. Publisher Correction: Chimeric peptide EP45 as a dual agonist at GLP-1 and NPY2R receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6192. [PMID: 29654321 PMCID: PMC5899092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ron L Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Colin A Leech
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Torsten Wöllert
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - George M Langford
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian L Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington, 98105, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Chepurny OG, Bonaccorso RL, Leech CA, Wöllert T, Langford GM, Schwede F, Roth CL, Doyle RP, Holz GG. Chimeric peptide EP45 as a dual agonist at GLP-1 and NPY2R receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3749. [PMID: 29491394 PMCID: PMC5830615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the design and target validation of chimeric peptide EP45, a novel 45 amino acid monomeric dual agonist peptide that contains amino acid sequence motifs present within the blood glucose-lowering agent exendin-4 (Ex-4) and the appetite-suppressing agent PYY(3-36). In a new high-throughput FRET assay that provides real-time kinetic information concerning levels of cAMP in living cells, EP45 recapitulates the action of Ex-4 to stimulate cAMP production via the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), while also recapitulating the action of PYY(3-36) to inhibit cAMP production via the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R). EP45 fails to activate glucagon or GIP receptors, whereas for cells that co-express NPY2R and adenosine A2B receptors, EP45 acts in an NPY2R-mediated manner to suppress stimulatory effects of adenosine on cAMP production. Collectively, such findings are remarkable in that they suggest a new strategy in which the co-existing metabolic disorders of type 2 diabetes and obesity will be treatable using a single peptide such as EP45 that lowers levels of blood glucose by virtue of its GLP-1R-mediated effect, while simultaneously suppressing appetite by virtue of its NPY2R-mediated effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ron L Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Colin A Leech
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Torsten Wöllert
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - George M Langford
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian L Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Washington, 98105, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Henry KE, Kerwood DJ, Allis DG, Workinger JL, Bonaccorso RL, Holz GG, Roth CL, Zubieta J, Doyle RP. Solution Structure and Constrained Molecular Dynamics Study of Vitamin B12 Conjugates of the Anorectic Peptide PYY(3-36). ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1015-21. [PMID: 27027248 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 -peptide conjugates have considerable therapeutic potential through improved pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties imparted on the peptide upon covalent attachment to vitamin B12 (B12 ). There remains a lack of structural studies investigating the effects of B12 conjugation on peptide secondary structure. Determining the solution structure of a B12 -peptide conjugate or conjugates and measuring functions of the conjugate(s) at the target peptide receptor may offer considerable insight concerning the future design of fully optimized conjugates. This methodology is especially useful in tandem with constrained molecular dynamics (MD) studies, such that predictions may be made about conjugates not yet synthesized. Focusing on two B12 conjugates of the anorectic peptide PYY(3-36), one of which was previously demonstrated to have improved food intake reduction compared with PYY(3-36), we performed NMR structural analyses and used the information to conduct MD simulations. The study provides rare structural insight into vitamin B12 conjugates and validates the fact that B12 can be conjugated to a peptide without markedly affecting peptide secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Deborah J Kerwood
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Damian G Allis
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Jayme L Workinger
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Ron L Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute for Human Performance, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Christian L Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Jon Zubieta
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA. .,Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute for Human Performance, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Bonaccorso RL, Chepurny OG, Becker-Pauly C, Holz GG, Doyle RP. Enhanced Peptide Stability Against Protease Digestion Induced by Intrinsic Factor Binding of a Vitamin B12 Conjugate of Exendin-4. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3502-6. [PMID: 26260673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptide digestion from proteases is a significant limitation in peptide therapeutic development. It has been hypothesized that the dietary pathway of vitamin B12 (B12) may be exploited in this area, but an open question is whether B12-peptide conjugates bound to the B12 gastric uptake protein intrinsic factor (IF) can provide any stability against proteases. Herein, we describe a new conjugate of B12 with the incretin peptide exendin 4 that demonstrates picomolar agonism of the glugacon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1-R). Stability studies reveal that Ex-4 is digested by pancreatic proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin and by the kidney endopeptidase meprin β. Prebinding the B12 conjugate to IF, however, resulted in up to a 4-fold greater activity of the B12-Ex-4 conjugate relative to Ex-4, when the IF-B12-Ex-4 complex was exposed to 22 μg/mL of trypsin, 2.3-fold greater activity when exposed to 1.25 μg/mL of chymotrypsin, and there was no decrease in function at up to 5 μg/mL of meprin β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron L Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University , 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | | | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University , 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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