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Dinesh B, Livesay J, Ignatius IB, Narayanan R. Pattern formation in Faraday instability-experimental validation of theoretical models. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220081. [PMID: 36842980 PMCID: PMC9968532 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two types of resonance-derived interfacial instability are reviewed with a focus on recent work detailing the effect of side walls on interfacial mode discretization. The first type of resonance is the mechanical Faraday instability, and the second is electrostatic Faraday instability. Both types of resonance are discussed for the case of single-frequency forcing. In the case of mechanical Faraday instability, inviscid theory can forecast the modal forms that one might expect when viscosity is taken into account. Experiments show very favourable validation with theory for both modal forms and onset conditions. Lowering of gravity is predicted to shift smaller wavelengths or choppier modes to lower frequencies. This is also validated by experiments. Electrostatic resonant instability is shown to lead to a pillaring mode that occurs at low wavenumbers, which is akin to Rayleigh Taylor instability. As in the case of mechanical resonance, experiments show favourable validation with theoretical predictions of patterns. A stark difference between the two forms of resonance is the observation of a gradual rise in the negative detuning instability in the case of mechanical Faraday and a very sharp one in the case of electrostatic resonance. This article is part of the theme issue 'New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Dinesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J. Livesay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - I. B. Ignatius
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R. Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Narayanan R, Ponnusamy S, Effah W, Thiyagarajan T, Hwang D, He Y, Breitmeyer J, Kaufmann G, Miller D. Cellular hormone metabolism is critical for canonical androgen receptor antagonist activity. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tekkis NP, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell AM, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell A, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell A, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Brown S, Kawka M, Mclean K, Savva N, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Singal A, Chia C, Chia W, Ganesananthan S, Ooi SZY, Pengelly S, Wellington J, Mak S, Subbiah Ponniah H, Heyes A, Aberman I, Ahmed T, Al-Shamaa S, Appleton L, Arshad A, Awan H, Baig Q, Benedict K, Berkes S, Citeroni NL, Damani A, de Sancha A, Fisayo T, Gupta S, Haq M, Heer B, Jones A, Khan H, Kim H, Meiyalagan N, Miller G, Minta N, Mirza L, Mohamed F, Ramjan F, Read P, Soni L, Tailor V, Tas RN, Vorona M, Walker M, Winkler T, Bardon A, Acquaah J, Ball T, Bani W, Elmasry A, Hussein F, Kolluri M, Lusta H, Newman J, Nott M, Perwaiz MI, Rayner R, Shah A, Shaw I, Yu K, Cairns M, Clough R, Gaier S, Hirani D, Jeyapalan T, Li Y, Patel CR, Shabir H, Wang YA, Weatherhead A, Dhiran A, Renney O, Wells P, Ferguson S, Joyce A, Mergo A, Adebayo O, Ahmad J, Akande O, Ang G, Aniereobi E, Awasthi S, Banjoko A, Bates J, Chibada C, Clarke N, Craner I, Desai DD, Dixon K, Duffaydar HI, Kuti M, Mughal AZ, Nair D, Pham MC, Preest GG, Reid R, Sachdeva GS, Selvaratnam K, Sheikh J, Soran V, Stoney N, Wheatle M, Howarth K, Knapp-Wilson A, Lee KS, Mampitiya N, Masson C, McAlinden JJ, McGowan N, Parmar SC, Robinson B, Wahid S, Willis L, Risquet R, Adebayo A, Dhingra L, Kathiravelupillai S, Narayanan R, Soni J, Ghafourian P, Hounat A, Lennon KA, Abdi Mohamud M, Chou W, Chong L, Graham CJ, Piya S, Riad AM, Vennard S, Wang J, Kawar L, Maseland C, Myatt R, Tengku Saifudin TNS, Yong SQ, Douglas F, Ogbechie C, Sharma K, Zafar L, Bajomo MO, Byrne MHV, Obi C, Oluyomi DI, Patsalides MA, Rajananthanan A, Richardson G, Clarke A, Roxas A, Adeboye W, Argus L, McSweeney J, Rahman-Chowdhury M, Hettiarachchi DS, Masood MT, Antypas A, Thomas M, de Andres Crespo M, Zimmerman M, Dhillon A, Abraha S, Burton O, Jalal AHB, Bailey B, Casey A, Kathiravelupillai A, Missir E, Boult H, Campen D, Collins JM, Dulai S, Elhassan M, Foster Z, Horton E, Jones E, Mahapatra S, Nancarrow T, Nyamapfene T, Rimmer A, Robberstad M, Robson-Brown S, Saeed A, Sarwar Y, Taylor C, Vetere G, Whelan MK, Williams J, Zahid D, Chand C, Matthews M. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK medical education. A nationwide student survey. Med Teach 2022; 44:574-575. [PMID: 34428109 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1962835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damir Rafi
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Brown
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alona Courtney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michal Kawka
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Howell
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth McLean
- Division of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew Gardiner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter Hutchinson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amir H Sam
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicos Savva
- Division of Management Science and Operations, London Business School, London, UK
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- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - T Ball
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - W Bani
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A Elmasry
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - F Hussein
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M Kolluri
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - H Lusta
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - J Newman
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M Nott
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M I Perwaiz
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - R Rayner
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A Shah
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - I Shaw
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - K Yu
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | | | - S Gaier
- Queen Mary University of London
| | | | | | - Y Li
- Queen Mary University of London
| | | | | | | | | | - A Dhiran
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | - O Renney
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | - P Wells
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | | | - A Joyce
- The Queen's University of Belfast
| | | | | | - J Ahmad
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - G Ang
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - J Bates
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | - K Dixon
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - M Kuti
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - D Nair
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | - R Reid
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - V Soran
- The University of Birmingham
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- The University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | | | | - W Chou
- The University of East Anglia
| | | | | | - S Piya
- The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | - J Wang
- The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Obi
- The University of Leicester
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Argus
- The University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Bailey
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | - A Casey
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | | | - E Missir
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | - H Boult
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - D Campen
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | - S Dulai
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | - Z Foster
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - E Horton
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - E Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | | | - A Rimmer
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | - A Saeed
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - Y Sarwar
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - C Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - G Vetere
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | - D Zahid
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - C Chand
- University of Hull and the University of York
| | - M Matthews
- University of Hull and the University of York
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Tyagi SK, Kamboj S, Tyagi N, Narayanan R, Tyagi VV. Technological advancements in jaggery-making processes and emission reduction potential via clean combustion for sustainable jaggery production: An overview. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113792. [PMID: 34607137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jaggery is a kind of unrefined non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) used mainly in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Traditionally, jaggery is produced by concentrating sugarcane juice in open pans with the help of bagasse combustion. However, due to thermal energy loss with flue gases and an unscientific approach in plant construction, jaggery plants have a poor thermal efficiency of less than 25%, poor emission characteristics, and a high bagasse consumption rate. Advanced jaggery-making techniques use solar energy and heat pumps for jaggery production. However, these techniques are in the early stage of development, and the literature indicates that these techniques should be used in conjuction with traditional ones to improve the performance of jaggery making plants. This literature review describes advances in jaggery-making methods, critically analyzed them, and provides a qualitative comparison of these methods. Further, gaps in the existing literature are identified and reported for future research direction. In addition, efforts have been made to quantify and estimate the emissions reduction and bagasse consumption potentials from the traditional jaggery industry to make this rural industry a sustainable and profitable business for rural entrepreneurs. The comparison with the recently developed clean combustion device exhibits that the harmful emissions from the jaggery industry could be reduced drastically viz. 95%-98% of PM2.5; 92%-95% of CO, and 52-60% of CO2, while saving more than 35% of bagasse consumption. Implemented at a national scale, it may reduce nearly 3% of all harmful emissions in the country, which is equally applicable elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tyagi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - S Kamboj
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - N Tyagi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - R Narayanan
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, (J&K), 182320, India
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Mahmudul HM, Rasul MG, Akbar D, Narayanan R, Mofijur M. A comprehensive review of the recent development and challenges of a solar-assisted biodigester system. Sci Total Environ 2021; 753:141920. [PMID: 32889316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of fossil fuels and the environmental effect of their combustion products have attracted researchers to look into renewable energy sources. In addition, global mass production of waste has motivated communities to recycle and reuse the waste in a sustainable way to lower landfill waste and associated problems. The development of waste to energy (WtE) technology including the production of bioenergy, e.g. biogas produced from various waste through Anaerobic Digestion (AD), is considered one of the potential measures to achieve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations (UN). Therefore, this study reviews the most recent studies from relevant academic literature on WtE technology (particularly AD technology) for biogas production and the application of a solar-assisted biodigester (SAB) system aimed at improving performance. In addition, socio-economic factors, challenges, and perspectives have been reported. From the analysis of different technologies, further work on effective low-cost technologies is recommended, especially using SAB system upgrading and leveraging the opportunities of this system. The study found that the performance of the AD system is affected by a variety of factors and that different approaches can be applied to improve performance. It has also been found that solar energy systems efficiently raise the biogas digester temperature and through this, they maximize the biogas yield under optimum conditions. The study revealed that the solar-assisted AD system produces less pollution and improves performance compared to the conventional AD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Mahmudul
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, QLD 4701, Australia; Clean Energy Academy, Central Queensland University, QLD 4701, Australia.
| | - M G Rasul
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, QLD 4701, Australia; Clean Energy Academy, Central Queensland University, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - D Akbar
- School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - R Narayanan
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, QLD 4701, Australia; Clean Energy Academy, Central Queensland University, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - M Mofijur
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Ulm M, Ponnusamy S, ElNaggar A, Tillmanns T, Narayanan R. Inhibition of the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway represents a novel target in ovarian cancer treatment. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lin P, Lin X, Johns LE, Narayanan R. Effect of spinning on the shape and stability of a pendent drop. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:043116. [PMID: 32422825 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.043116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assuming that we wish to measure the surface tension between two liquids by running a pendent drop experiment, we present calculations supporting the case for spinning the drop. For bridges, jets, etc., spinning a heavy fluid surrounded by a lighter fluid is strictly destabilizing. But we find that spinning a drop may be stabilizing and, if this is so, it leads to larger critical volumes, volumes where stability is lost, and thus more accurate measurements of surface tension. There are two observable patterns, one symmetric and the other unsymmetric, at the point of instability. The symmetric pattern leads to larger critical volumes. Our aim is to show how spinning can be used to achieve the symmetric pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - X Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - L E Johns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V.A. Shah
- Departement of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO - USA
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Narayanan R, Majji A, Hussain N, Hussain A, Jalali S, Mathai A, Shah V. Characterization of Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 by Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Indian Population. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 18:587-90. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210801800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Narayanan
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Vitreo-Retina Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - India
| | - A.B. Majji
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Vitreo-Retina Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - India
| | - N. Hussain
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Vitreo-Retina Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - India
| | - A. Hussain
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Vitreo-Retina Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - India
| | - S. Jalali
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Vitreo-Retina Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - India
| | - A. Mathai
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Vitreo-Retina Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - India
| | - V.A. Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO - USA
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Vincent P, Gopinathan J, Narayanan R. Bowel Migration of Dormant Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter: A Vexed Problem Not Avoided by Flushing. Indian J Nephrol 2017; 27:484-486. [PMID: 29217892 PMCID: PMC5704420 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_268_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed bowel erosion by peritoneal dialysis catheter is rare with fewer than thirty cases having been reported in the literature. This complication is usually encountered when the catheter is kept dormant. Two cases have also been reported with catheters in active use. The risk factors for bowel erosion include immunosuppression, diverticulosis, and amyloidosis. An 80-year-old male with chronic kidney disease Stage 5 due to hypertensive nephrosclerosis underwent chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion. Due to improvement in the glomerular filtration rate and clinical parameters including extracellular fluid volume status, peritoneal dialysis was not initiated. Weekly catheter flushes were performed. After 5 months, he developed watery diarrhea after a regular flushing episode. Computed tomography scan revealed the catheter displaced into the sigmoid colon with the tip in the rectum. He was managed successfully with catheter removal alone and conservative treatment. He remains asymptomatic at 3-month follow-up. This case is presented to emphasize the fact that delayed bowel erosion can happen with dormant catheter even in the absence of risk factors. Periodic flushing has not prevented this complication in our patient. Perforations can be self-curing when diagnosed early and when patients present without features of peritonitis or sepsis. Such cases can be managed successfully with catheter removal alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vincent
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, Aster MIMS Hospital, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - J Gopinathan
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, Aster MIMS Hospital, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - R Narayanan
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, Aster MIMS Hospital, Malappuram, Kerala, India
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Narayanan R, Yamada H, Marin BC, Zaretski A, Bandaru PR. Dimensionality-Dependent Electrochemical Kinetics at the Single-Layer Graphene-Electrolyte Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4004-4008. [PMID: 28796512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The theories to describe the rate at which electrochemical reactions proceed, to date, do not consider explicitly the dimensionality or the discreteness and occupancy of the energy levels of the electrodes. We show experimentally that such quantum mechanical aspects are important for dimensionally confined nanostructured materials and yield unusual variation of the kinetic rate constants with applied voltage in single-layer graphene. The observed divergence from conventional electrokinetics was ascribed to the linear energy dispersion as well as a nonzero density of states at the Dirac point in the graphene. The obtained results justify the use of density of states-based rate constants and considerably add to Marcus-Hush-Chidsey kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narayanan
- Department of Nanoengineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, §Program in Materials Science, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - H Yamada
- Department of Nanoengineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, §Program in Materials Science, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - B C Marin
- Department of Nanoengineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, §Program in Materials Science, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - A Zaretski
- Department of Nanoengineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, §Program in Materials Science, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - P R Bandaru
- Department of Nanoengineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, §Program in Materials Science, and ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Abstract
Endurance is an important factor of cardiovascular fitness indicating the capacity of an individual to perform exercise for a longer duration with increased intensity. Various subject specific and exercise related parameters affect endurance of an individual. In this work, we propose a statistical technique to model endurance as a function of these factors incorporating the serial dependence of observations generated by individuals over time. The proposed model provides a device to predict future endurance of a test subject following particular exercise regime. This facilitates a test user with a fitness planner with the provision to fix exercise regimes to reach a set fitness goal.
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Lattmann E, Sattayasai J, Narayanan R, Ngoc N, Burrell D, Balaram PN, Palizdar T, Lattmann P. Cholecystokinin-2/gastrin antagonists: 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones as anti-inflammatory analgesics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:680-685. [PMID: 30108786 PMCID: PMC6072330 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arylated 5-hydroxy-pyrrol-2-ones were prepared in 2 synthetic steps from mucochloric acid and optimised as CCK2-selective ligands using radiolabelled binding assays. CCK antagonism was confirmed for the ligands in isolated tissue preparations. DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced inflammation was analysed for derivative 7 and PNB-001 with L-365,260 as a standard. The IC50 of PNB-001 was determined to be 10 nM. Subsequent in vivo evaluation confirmed anti-inflammatory activity with respect to IBD assays. The best molecule, PNB-001, showed analgesic activity in the formalin test and in the hotplate assay, in which the analgesic effect of 1.5 mg kg-1 PNB-001 was equivalent to 40 mg kg-1 tramadol. The CCK2-selective antagonist PNB-001 protected rats against indomethacin-induced ulceration at similar doses. The GI protection activity was found to be more potent than that of the 10 mg kg-1 dose of prednisolone, which served as a standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Aston Triangle , Birmingham B4 7ET , England , UK .
| | - J Sattayasai
- Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , 40002 Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - R Narayanan
- Department of Medicine , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - N Ngoc
- School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Aston Triangle , Birmingham B4 7ET , England , UK .
| | - D Burrell
- School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Aston Triangle , Birmingham B4 7ET , England , UK .
| | - P N Balaram
- PNB Vesper Life Science PVT , Cochin , Kerala , India
| | - T Palizdar
- School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Aston Triangle , Birmingham B4 7ET , England , UK .
| | - P Lattmann
- PNB Vesper Life Science PVT , Cochin , Kerala , India
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Narayanan R, Ponnusamy S, Fan M, Yang CH, Grimes BL, Fleming MD, Pritchard EF, Berry MP, Oswaks RM, Fine RE, Loiseau JC, Schwartzberg LS, Pfeffer LM. Abstract P6-12-06: Nonsteroidal, tissue selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), enobosarm, reduces growth of androgen receptor-positive breast cancer in patient-derived preclinical models. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p6-12-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: In breast cancer the androgen receptor (AR) is the most abundantly expressed steroid receptor with 75-95% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 40-70% of ER-negative breast cancers expressing the AR. Historically, advanced breast cancer has been treated with androgens, resulting in significant clinical response. However, the use of steroidal androgens fell from favor as a result of their virilizing side effects. Nonsteroidal, tissue selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) will provide a novel targeted approach to exploit the therapeutic benefits of androgens in breast cancer.
Aims: To test the effects of enobosarm (a first-in-class SARM) and enzalutamide (AR antagonist) on the growth of patient-derived breast cancer xenografts (PDX) and to discern the mechanism of action of AR-targeted therapies in AR-positive breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: AR-positive PDXs with varying receptor expression (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2) were implanted in immunecompromised mice. Mice carrying PDXs were treated with vehicle, 10 mg/kg/day (mpk) enobosarm (GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN), or 20 mpk enzalutamide (Medivation Inc.), orally. Tumor volume was measured twice or thrice weekly. Tumors that received enobosarm were further analyzed to determine the mechanism of action.
Results: Enobosarm significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the growth of ER-, PR-, and HER2- positive HCI-7 and ER- and PR- negative and HER2-positive HCI-12 PDX. While enobosarm inhibited the growth of HCI-12 by ~80% and HCI-7 by ~60%, enzalutamide failed to inhibit the growth of the HCI-7 PDX. In contrast, neither enobosarm nor enzalutamide inhibited the growth of ER- and PR-negative and HER2-positive HCI-9 PDX, consistent with the heterogeneity of AR-positive breast cancers. Growth of two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) PDXs were inhibited by 30-40% by enobosarm, but not by enzalutamide. These results were reproduced in xenografts developed with breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 expressing the AR. Gene expression studies conducted with the HCI-12 tumors indicated that enobosarm inhibited the expression of various proliferative genes (MUC2, IL10RA, IGSF1, SLC6A4, and others) and increased the expression of growth inhibitory genes (CYP4F8, MYBPC1, and others). Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated that enobosarm inhibited genes that are downstream of HER2 signaling. Interestingly, miR-21-3p, which has been implicated in chemo-resistance, was consistently expressed at approximately 10-50-fold higher than miR-21-5p in PDXs. This imbalance was partially reversed by enobosarm.
Conclusion: These results indicate that AR-positive breast cancers are highly heterogeneous and that enobosarm has promise as novel targeted therapy to treat AR-positive breast cancer. Enobosarm is currently in phase II clinical trial in both ER-positive breast cancer and in TNBC patients.
Citation Format: Narayanan R, Ponnusamy S, Fan M, Yang CH, Grimes BL, Fleming MD, Pritchard EF, Berry MP, Oswaks RM, Fine RE, Loiseau J-C, Schwartzberg LS, Pfeffer LM. Nonsteroidal, tissue selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), enobosarm, reduces growth of androgen receptor-positive breast cancer in patient-derived preclinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narayanan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - S Ponnusamy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - M Fan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - CH Yang
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - BL Grimes
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - MD Fleming
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - EF Pritchard
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - MP Berry
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - RM Oswaks
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - RE Fine
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - J-C Loiseau
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - LS Schwartzberg
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
| | - LM Pfeffer
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Baisakh
- Department of Pathology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Ponnusamy S, Sullivan R, Zafar N, Narayanan R. Tissue-Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Narayanan R, Sumathi G, Prabhakaran SG, Shanmughapriya S, Natarajaseenivasan K. Paediatric leptospirosis: A population based case–control study from Chennai, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:228-32. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.180353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Narayanan R, Nugent R, Nugent K. An Investigation of the Variety and Complexity of Statistical Methods Used in Current Internal Medicine Literature. South Med J 2016; 108:629-34. [PMID: 26437199 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education guidelines require internal medicine residents to develop skills in the interpretation of medical literature and to understand the principles of research. A necessary component is the ability to understand the statistical methods used and their results, material that is not an in-depth focus of most medical school curricula and residency programs. Given the breadth and depth of the current medical literature and an increasing emphasis on complex, sophisticated statistical analyses, the statistical foundation and education necessary for residents are uncertain. METHODS We reviewed the statistical methods and terms used in 49 articles discussed at the journal club in the Department of Internal Medicine residency program at Texas Tech University between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2013. We collected information on the study type and on the statistical methods used for summarizing and comparing samples, determining the relations between independent variables and dependent variables, and estimating models. We then identified the typical statistics education level at which each term or method is learned. RESULTS A total of 14 articles came from the Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine, 11 from the New England Journal of Medicine, 6 from the Annals of Internal Medicine, 5 from the Journal of the American Medical Association, and 13 from other journals. Twenty reported randomized controlled trials. Summary statistics included mean values (39 articles), category counts (38), and medians (28). Group comparisons were based on t tests (14 articles), χ2 tests (21), and nonparametric ranking tests (10). The relations between dependent and independent variables were analyzed with simple regression (6 articles), multivariate regression (11), and logistic regression (8). Nine studies reported odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and seven analyzed test performance using sensitivity and specificity calculations. These papers used 128 statistical terms and context-defined concepts, including some from data analysis (56), epidemiology-biostatistics (31), modeling (24), data collection (12), and meta-analysis (5). Ten different software programs were used in these articles. Based on usual undergraduate and graduate statistics curricula, 64.3% of the concepts and methods used in these papers required at least a master's degree-level statistics education. CONCLUSIONS The interpretation of the current medical literature can require an extensive background in statistical methods at an education level exceeding the material and resources provided to most medical students and residents. Given the complexity and time pressure of medical education, these deficiencies will be hard to correct, but this project can serve as a basis for developing a curriculum in study design and statistical methods needed by physicians-in-training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Narayanan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, and the Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Nugent
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, and the Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, and the Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Lattmann E, Russell ST, Schwalbe CH, Shortt A, Balaram PN, Theochari E, Alharbi M, Narayanan R, Lattmann P. Cholecystokinin-1 receptor antagonists: 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones as anticancer agents. Med Chem Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy-pyrrolones, which were potent CCK1R antagonists, showed nanomolar in vitro activity and anticancer activity in vivo for colon and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - S. T. Russell
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - C. H. Schwalbe
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - A. Shortt
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | | | - E. Theochari
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - M. Alharbi
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - R. Narayanan
- Department of Medicine
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center
- Memphis, USA
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Narayanan R, Yamada H, Karakaya M, Podila R, Rao AM, Bandaru PR. Modulation of the Electrostatic and Quantum Capacitances of Few Layered Graphenes through Plasma Processing. Nano Lett 2015; 15:3067-3072. [PMID: 25826121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that charged defect generation, through argon ion-based plasma processing, in few layer graphene, could substantially enhance the electrical capacitance for electrochemical energy storage. Detailed consideration of the constituent space charge and quantum capacitances were used to delineate a new length scale, correlated to electrically active defects contributing to the capacitance, and was found to be smaller than a structural correlation length determined through Raman spectroscopy. The study offers insights into an industrially viable method (i.e., plasma processing) for modifying and enhancing the energy density of graphene-based electrochemical capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Karakaya
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - R Podila
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- ∥Clemson Nanomaterials Center, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - A M Rao
- §Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
- ∥Clemson Nanomaterials Center, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - P R Bandaru
- ⊥Program in Materials Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Ambiya V, Kuppermann BD, Narayanan R. Retinal astrocytic hamartoma in a patient with Leber's congenital amaurosis. Case Reports 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-208374. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-208374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Häfner V, Schindler J, Weik N, Mayer T, Balakrishnan S, Narayanan R, Bera S, Evers F. Density of states in graphene with vacancies: midgap power law and frozen multifractality. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:186802. [PMID: 25396386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The density of states ϱ(E) of graphene is investigated numerically and within the self-consistent T-matrix approximation in the presence of vacancies within the tight binding model. The focus is on compensated disorder, where the concentration of vacancies n(A) and n(B) in both sublattices is the same. Formally, this model belongs to the chiral symmetry class BDI. The onlinear sigma model predicts for BDI a Gade-type singularity ϱ(E)∼|E|(-1)exp[-|log(E)|(-1/x)]. Our numerical data are comparable to this result in a preasymptotic regime that gives way, however, at even lower energies to ϱ(E)∼E(-1)|log(E)|(-x̃), 1≤x̃<2. We take this finding as evidence that, similar to the case of dirty d-wave superconductors, generic bipartite random hopping models may also exhibit unconventional (strong-coupling) fixed points for certain kinds of randomly placed scatterers if these are strong enough. Our research suggests that graphene with (effective) vacancy disorder is a physical representative of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Häfner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Schindler
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Weik
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Mayer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Narayanan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Bera
- Institute Néel and Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - F Evers
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany and Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany and Center of Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Dalton JT, Narayanan R, Steiner MS. Abstract P5-09-21: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs): Enobosarm as targeted therapy for the treatment of androgen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p5-09-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is the most highly expressed steroid receptor in breast cancer with 75-95% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 40-70% of ER-negative breast cancers expressing AR. Prior studies have shown that women with metastatic breast cancer who have been previously treated with tamoxifen and progress have responded to non-tissue-selective androgens like fluoxymesterone, medroxyprogesterone and danazol, with overall response rates ranging from 20 to 60%. Although these non-tissue-selective androgens have been used to treat breast cancer, the unwanted virilizing side effects, including facial and body hair, enlargement of voice box, acne, and edema, have limited their widespread clinical use. Nonsteroidal, tissue- selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) like enobosarm and GTx-027 may provide a novel targeted approach to exploit the therapeutic benefits of androgen therapy in breast cancer without the unwanted virilizing side effects or concerns related to their conversion by aromatase to estrogens.
Methods: MDA-MB-231 triple-negative and MCF-7 triple-positive breast cancer cells stably expressing AR (MDA-MB-231-AR and MCF-7-AR, respectively) were used to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative and gene expression effects of bicalutamide (an AR antagonist), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), enobosarm, and GTx-027. Phase II clinical studies examined the pharmacologic effects (lean body mass and muscle strength), tissue selectivity (skin, endometrium, and hair growth) and safety of enobosarm, a first-in-class SARM, in postmenopausal women.
Results: DHT and SARMs, but not bicalutamide, inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231-AR and MCF-7-AR cells. DHT and the SARMs functioned as AR agonists in transactivation assays in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that AR agonists, but not antagonists, elicit anti-proliferative effects in breast cancer. MDA-MB-231-AR and MCF-7-AR cells were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and were treated orally with vehicle or 30 mg/kg/day GTx-027. GTx-027 reduced the tumor growth significantly with greater than 75% tumor growth inhibition observed in MDA-MB-231-AR tumors and greater than 50% tumor growth inhibition observed in MCF-7-AR tumors, compared to vehicle-treated tumors. GTx-027 also inhibited tumor weights by greater than 50% concurring with the tumor volume observation. GTx-027 inhibited the intratumoral expression of genes and pathways that promote breast cancer development through its actions on the AR. Interestingly, GTx-027 and other AR agonists elicited opposite effects on various AR target genes in ER-positive versus ER-negative breast cancer cells, indicating a potential cross talk between AR and ER signaling pathways on the promoter of these genes. Phase II clinical studies showed that enobosarm was generally well tolerated in postmenopausal women. Statistically significant improvements in lean body mass and physical function were observed after 12 weeks of treatment with 3 mg enobosarm, with no significant changes in sebaceous gland volume (biopsy), hair growth, endometrial stripe thickness (transvaginal ultrasound) or bleeding (medroxyprogesterone challenge).
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-09-21.
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Batson W, Zoueshtiagh F, Narayanan R. Dual role of gravity on the Faraday threshold for immiscible viscous layers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 88:063002. [PMID: 24483552 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.063002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work discusses the role of gravity on the Faraday instability, and the differences one can expect to observe in a low-gravity experiment when compared to an earth-based system. These differences are discussed in the context of the viscous linear theory for laterally infinite systems, and a surprising result of the analysis is the existence of a crossover frequency where an interface in low gravity switches from being less to more stable than an earth-based system. We propose this crossover exists in all Faraday systems, and the frequency at which it occurs is shown to be strongly influenced by layer height. In presenting these results physical explanations are provided for the behavior of the predicted forcing amplitude thresholds and wave number selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Batson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA and Institut d'Electronique de Microelectronic et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) UMR CNRS 8520, University of Lille 1, Ave Poincaré, CS 60069-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F Zoueshtiagh
- Institut d'Electronique de Microelectronic et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) UMR CNRS 8520, University of Lille 1, Ave Poincaré, CS 60069-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - R Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Swaminath D, Yaqub Y, Narayanan R, Paone RF, Nugent K, Arvandi A. Isolated Pulmonary Valve Endocarditis Complicated With Septic Emboli to the Lung Causing Pneumothorax, Pneumonia, and Sepsis in an Intravenous Drug Abuser. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2013; 1:2324709613514566. [PMID: 26425590 PMCID: PMC4528840 DOI: 10.1177/2324709613514566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous drug users are at increased risk for developing right-sided infective endocarditis involving the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis in intravenous drug users is very rare, and these patients often have more complications, such as pulmonary embolism, sepsis, and pneumonia. We report a case with pulmonary valve endocarditis and extensive pulmonary complications, including sepsis, septic emboli, pneumonia, and pneumothorax. Early identification of pulmonic valve endocarditis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics with or without surgical management should provide better outcomes, and clinicians need to think about pulmonary valve endocarditis in patients with complex respiratory presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasir Yaqub
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Narayanan R, Fu B, Payton A, Hudson J, Oliver R, Anderson S, Siddals K, White A, Ollier W, Heald A, Gibson J. IGF2 Gene Polymorphisms and IGF-II Concentration are Determinants of Longitudinal Weight Trends in Type 2 Diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:361-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Fu
- School of Community-based Medicine
| | - A. Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research
| | | | | | | | | | - A. White
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical, Human and Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - W.E. Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Narayanan
- Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K. Siddals
- Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A. Heald
- Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J. Gibson
- Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Jensen RL, Abraham S, Hu N, Jensen RL, Boulay JL, Leu S, Frank S, Vassella E, Vajtai I, von Felten S, Taylor E, Schulz M, Hutter G, Sailer M, Hench J, Mariani L, van Thuijl HF, Scheinin I, van Essen DF, Heimans JJ, Wesseling P, Ylstra B, Reijneveld JC, Borges AR, Larrubia PL, Marques JMB, Cerdan SG, Brastianos P, Horowitz P, Santagata S, Jones RT, McKenna A, Getz G, Ligon K, Palescandolo E, Van Hummelen P, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Louis D, Hahn WC, Dunn I, Beroukhim R, Guan X, Vengoechea J, Zheng S, Sloan A, Chen Y, Brat D, O'Neill BP, Cohen M, Aldape K, Rosenfeld S, Noushmehr H, Verhaak RG, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Bahassi EM, Li YQ, Cross E, Li W, Vijg J, McPherson C, Warnick R, Stambrook P, Rixe O, Manterola L, Tejada-Solis S, Diez-Valle R, Gonzalez M, Jauregui P, Sampron N, Barrena C, Ruiz I, Gallego J, Delattre JY, de Munain AL, Mlonso MM, Saito K, Mukasa A, Nagae G, Aihara K, Takayanagi S, Aburatani H, Saito N, Kong XT, Fu BD, Du S, Hasso AN, Linskey ME, Bota D, Li C, Chen YS, Chen ZP, Kim CH, Cheong JH, Kim JM, Yelon NP, Jacoby E, Cohen ZR, Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Date I, Narayanan R, Ho QH, Levin BS, Maeder ML, Joung JK, Nutt CL, Louis DN, Thorsteinsdottir J, Fu P, Gehrmann M, Multhoff G, Tonn JC, Schichor C, Thirumoorthy K, Gordon N, Walston S, Patel D, Okamoto M, Chakravarti A, Palanichamy K, French P, Erdem L, Gravendeel L, de Rooi J, Eilers P, Idbaih A, Spliet W, den Dunnen W, Teepen J, Wesseling P, Smitt PS, Kros JM, Gorlia T, van den Bent M, McCarthy D, Cook RW, Oelschlager K, Maetzold D, Hanna M, Wick W, Meisner C, Hentschel B, Platten M, Sabel MC, Koeppen S, Ketter R, Weiler M, Tabatabai G, Schilling A, von Deimling A, Gramatzki D, Westphal M, Schackert G, Loeffler M, Simon M, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Moren L, Johansson M, Bergenheim T, Antti H, Sulman EP, Goodman LD, Wani KM, DeMonte F, Aldape KD, Krischek B, Gugel I, Aref D, Marshall C, Croul S, Zadeh G, Nilsson CL, Sulman E, Liu H, Wild C, Lichti CF, Emmett MR, Lang FF, Conrad C, Alentorn A, Marie Y, Boisselier B, Carpetier C, Mokhtari K, Hoang-Xuan K, Capelle L, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Lautenschlaeger T, Huebner A, McIntyre JB, Magliocco T, Chakravarti A, Hamilton M, Easaw J, Pollo B, Calatozzolo C, Vuono R, Guzzetti S, Eoli M, Silvani A, Di Meco F, Filippini G, Finocchiaro G, Joy A, Ramesh A, Smirnov I, Reiser M, Shapiro W, Mills G, Kim S, Feuerstein B, Gonda DD, Li J, McCabe N, Walker S, Goffard N, Wikstrom K, McLean E, Greenan C, Delaney T, McCarthy M, McDyer F, Keating KE, James IF, Harrison T, Mullan P, Harkin DP, Carter BS, Kennedy RD, Chen CC, Patel AS, Allen JE, Dicker DT, Rizzo K, Sheehan JM, Glantz MJ, El-Deiry WS, Salhia B, Ross JT, Kiefer J, Van Cott C, Metpally R, Baker A, Sibenaller Z, Nasser S, Ryken T, Ramanathan R, Berens ME, Carpten J, Tran NL, Bi Y, Pal S, Zhang Z, Gupta R, Macyszyn L, Fetting H, O'Rourke D, Davuluri RV, Ezrin AM, Moore K, Stummer W, Hadjipanayis CG, Cahill DP, Beiko J, Suki D, Prabhu S, Weinberg J, Lang F, Sawaya R, Rao G, McCutcheon I, Barker FG, Aldape KD, Trister AD, Bot B, Fontes K, Bridge C, Baldock AL, Rockhill JK, Mrugala MM, Rockne RR, Huang E, Swanson KR, Underhill HR, Zhang J, Shi M, Lin X, Mikheev A, Rostomily RC, Scheck AC, Stafford P, Hughes A, Cichacz Z, Coons SW, Johnston SA, Mainwaring L, Horowitz P, Craig J, Garcia D, Bergthold G, Burns M, Rich B, Ramkissoon S, Santagata S, Eberhart C, Ligon A, Goumnerova L, Stiles C, Kieran M, Hahn W, Beroukhim R, Ligon K, Ramkissoon S, Olausson KH, Correia J, Gafni E, Liu H, Theisen M, Craig J, Hayashi M, Haidar S, Maire C, Mainwaring LA, Burns M, Norden A, Wen P, Stiles C, Ligon A, Kung A, Alexander B, Tonellato P, Ligon KL. LAB-OMICS AND PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Batson WR, Johns LE, Narayanan R. Effect of Domain Perturbations on the Critical Condition for Steady-State Thermal Explosions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. R. Batson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - L. E. Johns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - R. Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Natarajaseenivasan K, Raja V, Narayanan R. Rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis in patients with different clinical manifestations by 16S rRNA gene based nested PCR. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 19:151-5. [PMID: 23961174 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a zoonosis of global importance and it is underreported in India and more than 50,000 severe cases are reported each year. Here we present the evaluation of 16S rRNA based nested PCR assay for the rapid identification of human leptospires using serum and urine samples. The study includes 261 suspected cases for leptospirosis with different clinical manifestations. 16S rRNA based nested PCR assay was compared and evaluated against the conventional serological methods such as MAT and ELISA. The technique enabled amplification of a 289 bp product with notable percentage of positivity in all sample groups including 94.8 in pediatric cases, 93 in pregnant women, 94.2 in renal failure, 87.8 in jaundice and 94.6 in common febrile cases. The sensitivity and specificity was 94.4% and 100%, respectively. The technique proved to be prompt and effective for the diagnosis of leptospiral infection at the acute phase of the disease. PCR based approach detects leptospiral DNA from the clinical samples both at the acute and leptospiruria phase on comparison with its counter parts where detection is made possible only after 7 days or 7-30 days post-infection. In this regard PCR based diagnosis of leptospirosis should be made available for clinicians for the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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Long PM, Wesley UV, Jaworski DM, Rana M, Kiehl TR, So K, Gould P, Ajewung N, Kamnasaran D, Emmett MR, Wang X, Marshall AG, Ji Y, Fokt I, Skora S, Conrad CA, Priebe W, Zhu H, Cao X, Keir S, Ali-Osman F, Lo HW, Da Fonseca CO, Arun V, Wiley JC, Kaur H, Guha A, Fenton K, Abdelwahab MG, Stafford P, Rho JM, Preul MC, Scheck AC, Brossier NM, Carroll SL, Gajadhar A, Guha A, Mukherjee J, Wolf A, Hawkins C, Guha A, Costa P, Cardoso ALC, de Almeida LP, de Lima MCP, Canoll P, Bruce J, Lavon I, Granit A, Einstein O, Ben-Hur T, Siegal T, Pang JC, Poon WS, Zhou L, Ng HK, Rovin RA, Lawrence JE, Segula JJ, Winn RJ, Patil S, Burzynski SR, Mrowczynski E, Grela K, Cheng S, Liu K, Feng H, Bacho R, Kazlauskas A, Smith EM, Symes K, Hu B, Lee CY, Fotovati A, Dunn SE, Proescholdt MA, Storr EM, Lohmeier A, Brawanski A, Hu B, Feng H, Jarzynka MJ, Liu K, Ravichandran KS, Vuori K, Tang C, Nshikawa R, Johns TG, Furnari FB, Cavenee WK, Cheng S, Zhong J, O'Neill GM, Deleyrolle LP, Rahman M, Dunbar EM, Caldeira MA, Reynolds BA, Liu X, Yacyshyn S, Dasgupta B, Han X, Yang X, Wheeler CG, Filippova N, Langford CP, Ding Q, Fathallah HM, Gillespie GY, Nabors LB, Davidson TB, Gortalum F, Ji L, Engell K, Sposto R, Asgharzadeh S, Erdreich-Epstein A, Lawn SO, Weiss S, Senger D, Forsyth P, Latha K, Chumbalkar V, Li M, Gururaj A, Hwang Y, Maywald R, Dakeng S, Dao L, Baggerly K, Sawaya R, Aldape K, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Bogler O, Hwang Y, Chumbalkar V, Latha K, Bogler O, Gururaj A, Bogler O, Chumbalkar V, Arumugam J, Dao L, Baggerly K, Priebe W, Bogler O, Sim H, Pineda CA, Pan Y, Hu B, Viapiano MS, Van Schaick JA, Akagi K, Burkett S, DiFabio C, Tuskan R, Walrath J, Reilly K, Dai B, Jing Z, Kang SH, Li D, Xie K, Huang S, Gong X, Vuong Y, Bota DA, Stegh AH, Furnari F, Inda MDM, Bonavia R, Mukasa A, Narita Y, Sah D, Vandenberg S, Brennan C, Johns T, Bachoo R, Hadwiger P, Tan P, Tan P, DePinho R, Cavenee W, Kusne Y, Meerson A, Rushing EJ, Yang W, Aldape K, McDonough W, Kislin K, Loftus JC, Berens M, Lu Z, Ghosh S, Verma A, Zhou H, Chin S, Bruggers C, Kestle J, Khatua S, Broekman ML, Maas NS, Skog J, Breakefield XO, Sena-Esteves M, de Vrij J, Lamfers M, Maas N, Dirven C, Esteves M, Broekman M, Chidambaram A, Dumur CI, Graf M, Vanmeter TE, Fillmore HL, Broaddus WC, Silber J, Ozawa T, Kastenhuber E, Djaballah H, Holland EC, Huse JT, Wolf A, Agnihotri S, Munoz D, Hawkins C, Guha A, Han JE, Albesiano E, Pradilla G, Lim M, Alshami J, Sabau C, Seyed Sadr M, Anan M, Seyed Sadr E, Siu V, Del Maestro R, Trinh G, Le P, Petrecca K, Sonabend AM, Soderquist C, Lei L, Guarnieri P, Leung R, Yun J, Sisti J, Castelli M, Bruce S, Bruce R, Ludwig T, Rosenfeld S, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Phillips JJ, Huillard E, Polley MY, Rosen SD, Rowitch DH, Werb Z, Sarkar C, Jha P, Pathak P, Suri V, Sharma MC, Chattopadhyay P, Chosdol K, Suri A, Gupta D, Mahapatra AK, Kapoor GS, Zhan Y, Boockvar JA, O'Rourke DM, Kwatra MM, Kim JW, Park CK, Han JH, Park SH, Kim SK, Jung HW, Narayanan R, Levin BS, Maeder ML, Joung JK, Nutt CL, Louis DN, Dudley A, Jayaram P, Pei Z, Shi X, Laterra J, Watkins PA, Mawrin C, Rempel SA, McClung HM, McFarland BC, Nozell SE, Huszar D, Benveniste EN, Burton T, Eisenstat DD, Gibson SB, Lukiw WJ, Cui JG, Li YY, Zhao Y, Culicchia F, See W, Pieper R, Luchman A, Stechishin O, Nguyen S, Kelly J, Blough M, Cairncross G, Weiss S, Shah SR, Mohyeldin A, Adams H, Garzon-Muvdi T, Aprhys C, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Weeks AC, Restrepo A, Arun V, Ivanchuk S, Smith C, Rutka JT, Sengupta R, Yang L, Burbassi S, Zhang B, Markant SL, Yang ZJ, Meucci O, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Rubin JB, Wykosky J, Mukasa A, Chin L, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Auvergne RM, Sim FJ, Wang S, Chandler-Militello D, Burch J, Li X, Bennet A, Mohile N, Pilcher W, Walter K, Johnson M, Achanta P, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Natesan S, Goldman SA, Beauchamp AS, Gibo DM, Wykosky J, Debinski W, Jiang H, Martin V, Gomez-Manzano C, Johnson DG, Alonso M, White EJ, Xu J, McDonnell T, Shinojima N, Fueyo J, Sandhya Rani MR, Huang P, Prayson R, Hedayat H, Sloan AE, Novacki A, Ahluwalia MS, Tipps R, Gladson CL, Liu JL, Mao Z, Xu J, Fueyo J, Yung WKA, Bhat K, Salazar K, Balasubramaniyan V, Vaillant B, Hollingsworth F, Gumin J, Diefes K, Patel D, Lang F, Colman H, Aldape K, Parsyan A, Shahbazian D, Alain T, Martineau Y, Petroulakis E, Larsson O, Gkogkas C, Topisirovic I, Mathonnet G, Tettweiler G, Hellen C, Pestova T, Svitkin Y, Sonenberg N, Zerrouqi A, Pyrzynska B, Van Meir E, Twitty GB, Nozell SE, Hong SW, Benveniste EN, Lee HK, Finniss S, Xiang C, Cazacu S, Brodie C, Ginn KF, Wise A, Farassati F, Nozell SE, Hong SW, Twitty GB, McFarland BC, Benveniste EN, Brown C, Barish M, deCarvalho AC, Hasselbach L, Nelson K, Lemke N, Schultz L, Mikkelsen T, Onvani S, Kongkham P, Smith CA, Rutka JT, Bier A, Finniss S, Hershkovitz H, Kahana S, Xiang C, Cazacu S, Decarvalho A, Brodie C, Massey SC, Swanson KR, Canoll P. Cell Biology and Signaling. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gunturi SB, Theerthala SS, Patel NK, Bahl J, Narayanan R. Prediction of skin sensitization potential using D-optimal design and GA-kNN classification methods. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2010; 21:305-335. [PMID: 20544553 DOI: 10.1080/10629361003773955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Modelling of skin sensitization data of 255 diverse compounds and 450 calculated descriptors was performed to develop global predictive classification models that are applicable to whole chemical space. With this aim, we employed two automated procedures, (a) D-optimal design to select optimal members of the training and test sets and (b) k-Nearest Neighbour classification (kNN) method along with Genetic Algorithms (GA-kNN Classification) to select significant and independent descriptors in order to build the models. This methodology helped us to derive multiple models, M1-M5, that are stable and robust. The best among them, model M1 (CCR(train) = 84.3%, CCR(test) = 87.2% and CCR(ext) = 80.4%), is based on six neighbours and nine descriptors and further suggests that: (a) it is stable and robust and performs better than the reported models in literature, and (b) the combination of D-optimal design and GA-kNN classification approach is a very promising approach. Consensus prediction based on the models M1-M5 improved the CCR of training, test and external validation datasets by 3.8%, 4.45% and 3.85%, respectively, over M1. From the analysis of the physical meaning of the selected descriptors, it is inferred that the skin sensitization potential of small organic compounds can be accurately predicted using calculated descriptors that code for the following fundamental properties: (i) lipophilicity, (ii) atomic polarizability, (iii) shape, (iii) electrostatic interactions, and (iv) chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Gunturi
- Innovation Labs Hyderabad, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, #1, Software Units Layout, Madhapur, Hyderabad - 500 081, India
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Rautray TR, Narayanan R, Kwon TY, Kim KH. Surface modification of titanium and titanium alloys by ion implantation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 93:581-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sinha A, Narula R, Narayanan R. Comments on 23-gauge versus 20-gauge system for pars plana vitrectomy. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1694-5; author reply 1695. [PMID: 19939803 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.160788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Narayanan R, Kim SY, Kwon TY, Kim KH. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite coatings from ultrasonated electrolyte: preparation, characterization, and osteoblast responses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 87:1053-60. [PMID: 18257064 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method of producing nanograined hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium surface is reported in this article. The electrolyte contained Ca(NO(3))(2) and NH(4)H(2)PO(4) in the molar ratio of 1.67:1. The electrolyte had physiological pH and was ultrasonically agitated throughout the time of electrolysis. Coatings were deposited for 30 minutes at 10 and 15 mA/cm(2) and contained monohydroxyapatite phase whose grain sizes were 18 and 25 nm, respectively. These sizes are comparable with the grain size of bone. Small globules of hydroxyapatite covered the coating surface completely. Cell viability and total protein assay studies were carried out using SaOS-2 human osteoblast-like cell line. Of the two, the coating produced at 10 mA/cm(2) showed higher viability and protein activity and seems to be a promising material for osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narayanan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry and Institute for Biomaterials Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Narayanan R, Sreekrishnan TR. A two-stage process for simultaneous thermophilic sludge digestion, pathogen control and metal leaching. Environ Technol 2009; 30:21-26. [PMID: 19213462 DOI: 10.1080/09593330802422514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A consortium of aerobic sulphur oxidizing microorganisms native to municipal sewage sludge has been developed that is capable of reducing the pH of sludge from 7.0 to 2.0 under mild-thermophilic (45 degrees C) temperatures. This mild-thermophilic, acidophilic acclimatized consortium has then been used to develop a thermophilic acidophilic culture capable of reducing the pH of municipal sewage sludge from 7.0 to 4.8 at 60 degrees C. Furthermore, these two cultures have been used to develop a novel two-stage aerobic process functioning under thermophilic and mild-thermophilic conditions capable of simultaneous sludge digestion, pathogen control and metal leaching. Studies with 1.5 L reactors indicate that at the end of the process, concentration of volatile suspended solids has stabilized, no coliforms are present, and 90-98% copper, 90-94% manganese and 95-100% zinc has been leached.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narayanan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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Narayanan R, Kwon TY, Kim KH. Direct nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite formation on titanium from ultrasonated electrochemical bath at physiological pH. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Narayanan R, Werahera PN, Barqawi A, Crawford ED, Shinohara K, Simoneau AR, Suri JS. Adaptation of a 3D prostate cancer atlas for transrectal ultrasound guided target-specific biopsy. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:N397-406. [PMID: 18827317 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/20/n03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to lack of imaging modalities to identify prostate cancer in vivo, current TRUS guided prostate biopsies are taken randomly. Consequently, many important cancers are missed during initial biopsies. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential clinical utility of a high-speed registration algorithm for a 3D prostate cancer atlas. This 3D prostate cancer atlas provides voxel-level likelihood of cancer and optimized biopsy locations on a template space (Zhan et al 2007). The atlas was constructed from 158 expert annotated, 3D reconstructed radical prostatectomy specimens outlined for cancers (Shen et al 2004). For successful clinical implementation, the prostate atlas needs to be registered to each patient's TRUS image with high registration accuracy in a time-efficient manner. This is implemented in a two-step procedure, the segmentation of the prostate gland from a patient's TRUS image followed by the registration of the prostate atlas. We have developed a fast registration algorithm suitable for clinical applications of this prostate cancer atlas. The registration algorithm was implemented on a graphical processing unit (GPU) to meet the critical processing speed requirements for atlas guided biopsy. A color overlay of the atlas superposed on the TRUS image was presented to help pick statistically likely regions known to harbor cancer. We validated our fast registration algorithm using computer simulations of two optimized 7- and 12-core biopsy protocols to maximize the overall detection rate. Using a GPU, patient's TRUS image segmentation and atlas registration took less than 12 s. The prostate cancer atlas guided 7- and 12-core biopsy protocols had cancer detection rates of 84.81% and 89.87% respectively when validated on the same set of data. Whereas the sextant biopsy approach without the utility of 3D cancer atlas detected only 70.5% of the cancers using the same histology data. We estimate 10-20% increase in prostate cancer detection rates when TRUS guided biopsies are assisted by the 3D prostate cancer atlas compared to the current standard of care. The fast registration algorithm we have developed can easily be adapted for clinical applications for the improved diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Suri J, Li L, Narayanan R, Miller S, Wei L, Khemka A, Kumar D, Guo Y, Nadkar D, Shen F. Prostate Diagnosis System with 4-D Guidance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sumathi G, Narayanan R, Shivakumar S. Leptospirosis laboratory, Madras Medical College: review of our experience (2004-2006). Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:206-7. [PMID: 18445975 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.40553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Agarwal S, Johns LE, Narayanan R. CRITICAL POINTS IN THE SOLIDIFICATION OF A PURE MATERIAL. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00986440701690964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gomez-Raya L, Priest K, Rauw WM, Okomo-Adhiambo M, Thain D, Bruce B, Rink A, Torell R, Grellman L, Narayanan R, Beattie CW. The value of DNA paternity identification in beef cattle: Examples from Nevada's free-range ranches1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:17-24. [PMID: 17878273 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility and economic value of DNA paternity identification were investigated and illustrated using Nevada beef cattle operations. A panel of 15 microsatellites was genotyped in 2,196 animals from 8 ranches with a total of 31,571 genotypes. Probabilities of exclusion for each marker within ranch and across ranches were computed. Joint probabilities of exclusion for the 15 microsatellites were also determined, resulting in values over 0.99 for any individual ranch and across ranches. Dropping 1 or 2 microsatellites with the lowest probabilities of exclusion resulted in joint probabilities greater than 0.99 and with marginal reduction compared with the probabilities with 15 microsatellites. Formulas for benefit-cost analysis for a DNA paternity identification program in beef cattle were derived. Genotyping 15 microsatellites with 20 calves per sire resulted in benefits of $1.71 and $2.44 per dollar invested at bull culling rates of 0.20 and 0.30, respectively. The breakpoints for the program to be profitable occurred when the ratio of the price of 1 kg of calf liveweight over the cost of genotyping 1 microsatellite was greater than 1.1 for a bull culling rate of 0.30. Benefit-cost analysis was also derived under incomplete DNA paternity identification using a lower number of DNA markers than necessary to achieve joint probabilities of exclusion of 0.99. Approximately a 20% increase in the benefit-cost ratio was achieved using 10 vs. 12 microsatellites with incomplete paternity identification. The greater the number of bulls in the operation, the lower the benefit-cost ratio of the paternity testing program. Low probabilities of exclusion and a high number of bulls in the beef operation reduced the benefit-cost ratio dramatically. The DNA paternity identification programs are feasible and may be profitable for free-range beef cattle operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gomez-Raya
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA
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Abstract
Use of titanium as biomaterial is possible because of its very favorable biocompatibility with living tissue. Titanium implants having calcium phosphate coatings on their surface show good fixation to the bone. This review covers briefly the requirements of typical biomaterials and narrowly focuses on the works on titanium. Calcium phosphate ceramics for use in implants are introduced and various methods of producing calcium phosphate coating on titanium substrates are elaborated. Advantages and disadvantages of each type of coating from the view point of process simplicity, cost-effectiveness, stability of the coatings, coating integration with the bone, cell behavior, and so forth are highlighted. Taking into account all these factors, the efficient method(s) of producing these coatings are indicated finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narayanan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Narayanan R, Kwon TY, Kim KH. Preparation and characteristics of nano-grained calcium phosphate coatings on titanium from ultrasonated bath at acidic pH. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 85:231-9. [PMID: 17854064 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically deposited nano-grained calcium phosphate coatings were produced on titanium substrates using aqueous electrolyte at acidic pH. Different coatings were produced by using cathodic current densities ranging from 10 to 50 mA/cm(2) from an ultrasonated electrolytic bath. These coatings contained dicalcium phosphate dihydrate as the predominant phase and hydroxyapatite as the minor phase. With increasing current density, hydroxyapatite content in the coatings increased. Dicalcium phosphate grains had size in the range of 55-85 nm and hydroxyapatite had grains in the size range of 20-25 nm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the coatings obtained at lower current densities had acicular structure. With increasing current densities, the needles became blunt and small and finally, at 50 mA/cm(2) the coating had globular deposits. Surface roughness of the coatings also increased with increasing deposition current density. Tensile bond strengths of the coatings were in the range of 3.6-6.9 MPa and decreased with increase of deposition current density. Heat-treatment of the coatings for 2 h at 500 degrees C completely eliminated the dicalcium phosphate phase and resulted in mono hydroxyapatite phase containing grains in the size range of 20-30 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narayanan
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Institute for Biomaterials Research and Development, KNU School of Dentistry BK21, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Narayanan R, Mukherjee P, Seshadri SK. Synthesis, corrosion and wear of anodic oxide coatings on Ti-6Al-4V. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:779-86. [PMID: 17143733 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrodeposited anodic oxide coatings were produced on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using aqueous electrolytes containing dissolved calcium and phosphorus. Different coatings were produced by varying the time periods. The coatings were characterised by XRD technique and TEM. The coatings were exposed to Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Electrochemical polarisation and ac impedance studies too were performed on the coatings in SBF. Pins were coated and run against wooden disc in pin-on-disc type of wear tests. Coatings produced from long time electrolysis showed very good resistance to the attack of SBF and less wear compared to those produced from short time exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narayanan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Madras, India.
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Bansal AG, Narayanan R, Majji AB, Thomas R. Neovascular changes after pegaptanib in diabetics. Ophthalmology 2007; 114:615-6. [PMID: 17324701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ambiga S, Narayanan R, Gowri D, Sukumar D, Madhavan S. EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS FROM IPOMOEA CARNEA Jacq. Anc Sci Life 2007; 26:45-51. [PMID: 22557241 PMCID: PMC3330873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have numerous medicinal applications and play important roles in the biology of the organisms that accumulate them. Flavonoids are one large group of natural products with a diverse number of functions in plants and in human health. The isolates of the flowers of Ipomoea carnea (Family: Convolvulaceae) was screened for wound-healing activity on the male wistar rats by Excision wound model and Incision wound model respectively. The studies on excision wound model reveals significant wound healing activity of the extract, which is comparable with the reference control sulphathiazole. The isolates of Ipomoea carnea show significant activity on all wound models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ambiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Mediclone Research Centre, Chennai – 600 048, India
| | - R Narayanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mediclone Research Centre, Chennai – 600 048, India
| | - Durga Gowri
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam – 612 001, India
| | - D Sukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam – 612 001, India
| | - S Madhavan
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Sengamala Thayaar Educational Trust Women's College, Mannargudi – 614 001, India
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Ma B, Narayanan R, Park H, Hero AO, Bland PH, Meyer CR. Comparing pairwise and simultaneous joint registrations of decorrelating interval exams using entropic graphs. Inf Process Med Imaging 2007; 20:270-82. [PMID: 17633706 PMCID: PMC2806228 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-73273-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The interest in registering a set of images has quickly risen in the field of medical image analysis. Mutual information (MI) based methods are well-established for pairwise registration but their extension to higher dimensions (multiple images) has encountered practical implementation difficulties. We extend the use of alpha mutual information (alphaMI) as the similarity measure to simultaneously register multiple images. alphaMI of a set of images can be directly estimated using entropic graphs spanning feature vectors extracted from the images, which is demonstrated to be practically feasible for joint registration. In this paper we are specifically interested in monitoring malignant tumor changes using simultaneous registration of multiple interval MR or CT scans. Tumor scans are typically a decorrelating sequence due to the cycles of heterogeneous cell death and growth. The accuracy of joint and pairwise registration using entropic graph methods is evaluated by registering several sets of interval exams. We show that for the parameters we investigated simultaneous joint registration method yields lower average registration errors compared to pairwise. Different degrees of decorrelation in the serial scans are studied and registration performance suggests that an appropriate scanning interval can be determined for efficiently monitoring lesion changes. Different levels of observation noise are added to the image sequences and the experimental results show that entropic graph based methods are robust and can be used reliably for multiple image registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - R. Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H. Park
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A. O. Hero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P. H. Bland
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - C. R. Meyer
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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