Intralipid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester reverse the neurotoxic effects of organophosphate poisoning in rats

Background

Organophosphate (Op)-containing herbicides continue to be widely used in the world. Although its usage and intoxication are widespread, the studies on organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity and treatment protocols are very few in the literature.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of caffeic acid phenyl ester with/without intralipid on neurotoxicity produced by acute intoxication of glyphosate isopropylamine in an experimental rat model.

Materials And Methods

Forty-nine wistar albino rats were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups: I, control; II, intralipid (IL); III, caffeic acid phenyl esther (CAPE); IV, glyphosate isopropylamine (GI); V, GI + IL; VI, GI + CAPE; and VII, GI + IL + CAPE. Total antioxidant and oxidant status levels were gauged, and the oxidative stress index was calculated in the serum samples. On the other hand, the tissues were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining protocol and counted up by immunohistochemical method. Statistical evaluations were conducted using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).

Results

Compared to the control, IL, and GI + IL + CAPE groups, the GI group significantly decreased the total antioxidant levels in brain tissues. In a supportive nature, a significant increase in the oxidative site index (OSI) in the GI group compared to other groups. Especially standing out point of these findings is the significant difference between the GI + IL + CAPE and the GI group. Parallelly, histopathological analysis extended severe neurotoxicity in the GI group. Neurotoxic status was reduced significantly in the GI + CAPE + IL group. The histopathologic examinations confirmed biochemical results. The results also revealed that CAPE and IL, probably their antioxidant effects, have a rehabilitative effect on neurotoxicity caused by GI.

Conclusion

Therefore, CAPE and IL may function as potential cleansing and scavenger agents for supportive therapy regarding tissue damage or facilitate the therapeutic effects of the routine treatment of the patient with GI poisoning.

The Gigant primary cerebral hydatid cyst with no marked manifestation: a case report and review of literature

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infestation that rarely affects the brain. A 14 year-old child with a large mass of intracranial hydatid cysts (122 x 110 x 98 mm), but no symptoms except for an intermittent headache for 2 months is presented. Triple cysts were removed after suitable craniotomy. The literature was reviewed and the case was compared with the published reports.

Assesment the role of oxidative stress and efficacy of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on neurotoxicity induced by isoniazid and ethambutol in a rat model

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study were to investigate a role of oxidative stress and the therapeutic efficacy of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity induced by isoniazid and etambutol in a rat model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups: control, INH, ETM, INH+ETM, INH+CAPE, ETM+CAPE, INH+ETM+CAPE, and CAPE treatment group, with ten animals in each group. INH and ETM doses were given orally within tap water for 30 days. CAPE was administered into relevant groups intraperitoneally for 30 days. Brain tissue and sciatic nerve were removed for biochemical and histopathological investigation.

RESULTS

In the INH, ETM, and INH+ETM groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Also, in these groups, brain total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and PON-1 activities were decreased compared with the control group (p < 0.05). By a CAPE supplement within INH and ETM groups, there was a significant decrease in MDA and TOS (p < 0.05). In addition to a significant increase in TAC levels, and SOD and PON-1 activities both in brain and sciatic nerve tissues (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

CAPE may protect against INH- and ETM-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain and sciatic nerve.

Is intralipid fat emulsion a promising therapeutic strategy on neurotoxicity induced by malathion in rats?

AIM

Malathion is one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides and herbicides. It has given rise to major clinical problems by its poisoning in all over the world. Malathion also a highly lipophilic agent, and tends to accumulate within lipid-rich tissue like a brain in the body, causing toxicity. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate if there is a possible beneficial effect of using intralipid fat emulsion (IFE) on the neurotoxicity, and to detect it time-dependently at the beginning, 6th and 12th hours of M intoxication.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups including: control (C), Lipid (L) group (18.6 mL/kg oral IFE), Malathion (M) group (10 mg/kg oral M), M0L group (IFE treated after immediate from M), M6L group (IFE treated after 6 hours from M), M12L group (IFE treated after 12 hours from M).

RESULTS

M group in comparison with all others group, there was an increase in the total oxidant status (TOS) level. M group in comparison with C, L, M0L groups, it was seen significantly decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. Interestingly, M group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was no significant difference among these groups in terms of the TAC levels. Although there was no significant difference among C, L and M0L groups in terms of both TAC and TOS levels, but was significant difference C, L groups in comparison with M6L, M12L groups in terms of TAC levels. C group in comparison with L, M0L, M6L, M12L groups in terms of TOS levels, there was no significant difference. These findings have indicated that IFE seriously reduced TOS levels in all the groups depending on time. Also, M0L group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was significantly increase of the TAC levels. There was no statistically significant difference between M6L and M12L groups. These biochemical results were confirmed with immunohistochemical results.

CONCLUSIONS

The study has had some certain evidence that IFE is a promising safe therapy for acutely intoxicated cases by organophosphate. It is much more effective if used at the beginning of organophosphate poisoning. As such, there is no need to avoid using IFE in clinical practice.