Biological effects of gestational and lactational PCB exposure in neonatal and juvenile C57BL/6 mice

The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) immunotoxicity in the developing mouse. Adult female mice were dosed with three subcutaneous injections per week of 50 mg/kg Aroclor 1242 (A1242), Aroclor 1254 (A1254), or corn oil for 2 weeks and then mated with nondosed males. First-litter pups were sacrificed at 7 or 28 days of age. At both ages, the tissue concentration of PCB was significantly higher in both the A1242 and A1254 pups than in oil-treated controls. Seven-day-old pups exposed to A1242 or A1254 had significantly decreased splenic IL-2 production. Alterations in the percentages of T cell subsets compared to controls were observed in A1242-exposed pups; an increased spleen somatic index was noted only in A1254-exposed pups. Twenty-eight-day-old pups exposed to A1254 demonstrated a significant decrease in thymus somatic index, an increase in liver somatic index, a 25% decrease in total circulating T(4), and decreased B cell percentages relative to their controls. Alteration in the percentages of CD3(int) T cells was observed in A1254-exposed 28-day-old pups. A significant increase in 7-ethoxyresorufin- O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-benzoxyresorufin-O-dearylase (BROD) activity was measured at both ages in A1254-exposed pups and in A1242-exposed 28-day-old pups. These data confirm that during gestation and lactation A1242 and A1254 are transferred from dams to pups and that such exposure results in immune-related effects in neonatal (7-day-old) and juvenile (28-day-old) mice. Furthermore, A1254 exposure produces more frequent and pronounced effects than exposure to A1242.

Predicting starling chick carcass PCB concentrations from PCB concentrations in ingested animal matter

Preremediation studies at Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge (CONWR) revealed statistically significant accumulations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and effects in starling chicks (Sturnus vulgaris) from contaminated sites, including decreased nest attentiveness, decreased fledging success, and an increase in chick mortality. Although the expected route of exposure for starling chicks is thought to be via diet, this has not previously been documented at CONWR. The purpose of this study was to develop an equation to predict starling chick carcass PCB concentrations from PCB concentrations in ingested animal matter. During 1995 and 1996, stomach contents from 14 and 22 starling chicks collected from contaminated and reference sites, respectively, were evaluated. Animal, plant, and mineral matter in the stomach contents were separated and animal matter from stomachs of individuals from the same nest were combined, dried, and percent dry weight calculated. Composite samples of animal matter were then analyzed for the presence of PCBs (Aroclor 1254). Stomach contents were primarily composed of animal matter (76%), and the percent animal matter in the stomachs did not differ significantly among locations (range = 38.4% to 100%). The mean PCB concentration in composite samples of animal matter from stomachs of chicks collected from contaminated sites (1.82 +/- 1.17 mg/kg) was significantly greater than the concentrations in composite samples from two reference locations (<0. 24 mg/kg). PCB concentrations in stomach contents were correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.91, p < 0.005) with concentrations in carcasses of chicks from which the stomachs had been collected. The regression Y = 6.19 x X(1,398), where Y = starling chick carcass PCB concentration and X = starling stomach animal matter PCB concentration, indicated that PCB concentrations in consumed animal matter accounted for 82% of the variability in starling carcass concentrations.http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n4p548.html</++ +HEA