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Sun L, van Amerom JFP, Marini D, Portnoy S, Lee FT, Saini BS, Lim JM, Aguet J, Jaeggi E, Kingdom JC, Macgowan CK, Miller SP, Huang G, Seed M. MRI characterization of hemodynamic patterns of human fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 58:824-836. [PMID: 34097323 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport in human fetuses with subtypes of congenital heart disease (CHD) that present with neonatal cyanosis. METHODS Blood flow was measured in the major vessels of 152 late-gestation human fetuses with CHD and 40 gestational-age-matched normal fetuses, using cine phase-contrast MRI. Oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) was measured in the major vessels of 57 fetuses with CHD and 40 controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, we found lower combined ventricular output in fetuses with single-ventricle physiology, with the lowest being observed in fetuses with severe forms of Ebstein's anomaly. Obstructive lesions of the left or right heart were associated with increased flow across the contralateral side. Pulmonary blood flow was reduced in fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly, while those with Ebstein's anomaly and tricuspid atresia had reduced umbilical flow. Flow in the superior vena cava was elevated in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries, normal in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart, tetralogy of Fallot or tricuspid atresia and reduced in fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly. Umbilical vein SaO2 was reduced in fetuses with hypoplastic left heart or tetralogy of Fallot. Ascending aorta and superior vena cava SaO2 were reduced in nearly all CHD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Fetuses with cyanotic CHD exhibit profound changes in the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport, which result in changes in cerebral, pulmonary and placental blood flow and oxygenation. These alterations of fetal circulatory physiology may influence the neonatal course and help account for abnormalities of prenatal growth and development that have been described in newborns with cyanotic CHD. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J F P van Amerom
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D Marini
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Portnoy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - F-T Lee
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - B S Saini
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J M Lim
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Aguet
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Jaeggi
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J C Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C K Macgowan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S P Miller
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G Huang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Seed
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Shinar S, Blaser S, Chitayat D, Selvanathan T, Chau V, Shannon P, Agrawal S, Ryan G, Pruthi V, Miller SP, Krishnan P, Van Mieghem T. Long-term postnatal outcome of fetuses with prenatally suspected septo-optic dysplasia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:371-377. [PMID: 32196785 PMCID: PMC7496228 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by varying combinations of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia and abnormal cavum septi pellucidi. It is suspected on prenatal imaging when there is non-visualization or hypoplasia of the septal leaflets. Long-term postnatal outcomes of fetuses with prenatally suspected SOD have been documented poorly. The aims of this study were to describe the natural history of deficient septal leaflets, to quantify the incidence of postnatally confirmed SOD and to document the visual, endocrine and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of these infants. METHODS This was an observational retrospective study of all fetuses with prenatal imaging showing isolated septal agenesis, assessed at a single tertiary center over an 11-year period. Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes and pre- and postnatal imaging findings were reviewed. Neonatal evaluations or fetal autopsy reports were assessed for confirmation of SOD. Ophthalmologic, endocrine, genetic and long-term developmental evaluations were assessed. Imaging findings and outcome were compared between infants with and those without postnatally confirmed SOD. RESULTS Of 214 fetuses presenting with septal absence on prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 18 (8.4%) were classified as having suspected isolated septal agenesis suspicious for SOD. Uniform prenatal MRI findings in cases with suspected SOD included remnants of the leaflets of the cavum septi pellucidi, fused forniceal columns, normal olfactory bulbs and tracts and a normal optic chiasm. Twelve fetuses were liveborn and five (27.8%) had postnatally confirmed SOD. Only two of these five fetuses had additional prenatal imaging features (pituitary cyst, microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia) supporting a diagnosis of SOD. The other three confirmed SOD cases had no predictive prenatal or postnatal imaging findings that reliably differentiated them from cases without confirmed SOD. Visual and endocrine impairments were present in two (40%) and four (80%) cases with confirmed SOD, respectively. In those with visual and/or endocrine impairment, developmental delay (median age at follow-up, 2.5 (interquartile range, 2.5-7.0) years) was common (80%) and mostly severe. Neonates with isolated septal agenesis and a lack of visual or endocrine abnormalities to confirm SOD had normal development. CONCLUSIONS Only a quarter of fetuses with isolated septal agenesis suggestive of SOD will have postnatal confirmation of the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations of SOD are variable, but neurodevelopmental delay may be more prevalent than thought formerly. © 2020 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shinar
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - S. Blaser
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical ImagingUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - D. Chitayat
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - T. Selvanathan
- Department of PaediatricsHospital for Sick Children and University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - V. Chau
- Department of PaediatricsHospital for Sick Children and University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - P. Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - S. Agrawal
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - G. Ryan
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - V. Pruthi
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of PaediatricsHospital for Sick Children and University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - P. Krishnan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical ImagingUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - T. Van Mieghem
- Ontario Fetal Centre, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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Id-Lahoucine S, Casellas J, Fonseca P, Miglior F, Sargolzaei M, Brito LF, Miller SP, Schenkel FS, Asselstine VH, Chesnais JP, Lohuis M, Medrano JF, Cánovas A. 24 Unravelling Genomic Regions with Transmission Ratio Distortion: Identification of Candidate Lethal Alleles in Cattle. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Casellas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - F Miglior
- Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M Sargolzaei
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L F Brito
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - F S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - V H Asselstine
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - J F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - A Cánovas
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Fonseca PADS, Id-Lahoucine S, Casellas J, Miglior F, Reverter A, Fortes MR, Nguyen LT, Porto-Neto LR, Sargolzaei M, Brito LF, Miller SP, Schenkel FS, Lohuis M, Medrano JF, Canovas A. 25 Functional Characterization of Genes Mapped in Transmission Ratio Distortion Regions of the Bovine Genome Affecting Reproduction. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Id-Lahoucine
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Casellas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Miglior
- Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - M R Fortes
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, Australia
| | - L T Nguyen
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - M Sargolzaei
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L F Brito
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - F S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - J F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - A Canovas
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Kuehn LA, Miller SP, Retallick KJ, Moser DW. 172 Comparison of genomic-enhanced EPD systems using an external phenotypic database. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li C, Chen L, Vinsky M, Crowley J, Miller SP, Plastow G, Basarab J, Stothard P. 0322 Genomic prediction for feed efficiency traits based on 50K and imputed high density SNP genotypes in multiple breed populations of Canadian beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller SP, Dowling S, Munro JC, Montanholi YR, Webster JR, Johnson PL. 1674 Relationship between infrared thermography measures and feed efficiency in New Zealand sheep. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abo-Ismail MK, Khorshidi R, Akanno EC, Crowley J, Miller SP, Fleming A, Basarab J, Li C, Stothard P, Plastow G. 0359 Understanding the genetic archticture of Hays Converter Cattle. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miller SP, Lu D, Brauning R, Hickey SM, Hyndman D, Cullen N, Clarke SM. P5023 Searching imputed sequence for mutations influencing fatty acid composition of beef fat. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ventura R, Larmer S, Schenkel FS, Miller SP, Sullivan P. Genomic clustering helps to improve prediction in a multibreed population. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1844-56. [PMID: 27285682 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic prediction for crossbred beef cattle has shown limited results using low- to moderate-density SNP panels. The relationship between the training and validation populations, as well as the size of the reference population, affects the prediction accuracy for genomic selection. Rotational crossbreeding systems require the usage of crossbred animals as sires and dams of future generations, so crossbred animals require accurate evaluation. Here, a novel method for grouping of purebred and crossbred animals (based exclusively on genotypes) for genomic selection was investigated. Clustering of animals to investigate the genetic similarity among different groups was performed using several genomic relationship criteria between individuals. Hierarchical clusters based on average-link criteria (computed as the mean distance between elements of each subcluster) were formed. The accuracy of genomic prediction was assessed using 1,500 bulls genotyped for 54,609 markers. Estimated breeding values based on all available phenotypic records for birth weight, weaning gain, postweaning gain, and yearling gain were calculated using BLUP methodologies and deregressed to ensure unbiased comparisons could be made across populations. A 5-fold validation technique was used to calculate direct genomic values for all genotyped bulls; the addition of unrelated animals in the reference population was also investigated. We demonstrate a decrease in genomic selection accuracy after including animals from disconnected clusters. A method to improve genomic selection for crossbred and purebred animals by clustering animals based on their genotype is suggested. Unlike traditional approaches for genomic selection with a fixed reference population, genomic prediction using clusters (GPC) chooses the best reference population for better accuracy of genomic prediction of crossbred and purebred animals using clustering methods based on genotypes. An overall average gain in accuracy of 1.30% was noted over all scenarios across all traits investigated when the GPC approach was implemented. Further investigation is required to assess this difference in accuracy when a larger genotyped population is available, especially for the comparison of groups with higher genetic dissimilarity, such as those found in industry-wide across-breed genetic evaluations.
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Dias RS, Montanholi YR, Lopez S, Smith B, Miller SP, France J. Utilization of macrominerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct feed efficiencies. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5413-5421. [PMID: 27108170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate utilization of dietary minerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct residual feed intakes (RFI). Feed intake, body weight (BW), and body composition traits were recorded in 36 crossbred heifers over a period of 37 wk, starting shortly after weaning at 8.3 (0.10; standard deviation) mo of age with an average BW of 276 (7.8) kg. Both BW and body composition were monitored regularly throughout the study, whereas individual feed intake was assessed during the last 84 d of the trial. Data recorded were used to calculate RFI for each heifer. Heifers were ranked based on RFI and assigned to high (n=14) or low (n=10) RFI groups. After the RFI study, 24 selected heifers [age 18.2 (0.14) mo; 87.5 (4.74) d in gestation; 497 (8.5) kg of BW] were used in an indirect digestibility trial (lignin as internal marker). Heifers were fed a ration containing corn silage, haylage, and a mineral premix in which Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, and Co were provided in the diet according to National Research Council requirements of pregnant replacement heifers. The digestibility trial lasted 1 wk, during which samples of feces were gathered twice daily, and blood and liver biopsy samples were collected on the last day. We noted no significant differences between low- and high-RFI heifers in dry matter digestibility. Apparent absorption of Cu, Zn, and Mn was increased in heifers with low RFI, and apparent absorption of Co tended to be greater for these animals. Concentrations of macrominerals and trace elements in serum of pregnant heifers were similar for both groups except for Se, which was increased in the serum of low-RFI heifers. Liver concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn did not differ between low- and high-RFI heifers. In conclusion, whereas improved absorption of some trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co) and increased Se serum concentration appear to be associated with superior feed efficiency in pregnant heifers, further studies are needed to investigate the causality of such relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Dias
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Y R Montanholi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro B2N 5E3, NS, Canada
| | - S Lopez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (IGM) CSIC-Universidad de León, Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain.
| | - B Smith
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Monsanto, Headingley, R3T 6E3, MB, Canada
| | - S P Miller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Limited, Mosgiel, 9053 New Zealand
| | - J France
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
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Lu D, Akanno EC, Crowley JJ, Schenkel F, Li H, De Pauw M, Moore SS, Wang Z, Li C, Stothard P, Plastow G, Miller SP, Basarab JA. Accuracy of genomic predictions for feed efficiency traits of beef cattle using 50K and imputed HD genotypes1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1342-53. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Lu
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Post Box 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - E. C. Akanno
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J. J. Crowley
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian Beef Breeds Council, Calgary, AB T2E 7H7, Canada
| | - F. Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - H. Li
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M. De Pauw
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S. S. Moore
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Z. Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C. Li
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - P. Stothard
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G. Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S. P. Miller
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Post Box 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. A. Basarab
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Lacombe Research Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada
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Khansefid M, Pryce JE, Bolormaa S, Miller SP, Wang Z, Li C, Goddard ME. Estimation of genomic breeding values for residual feed intake in a multibreed cattle population. J Anim Sci 2015; 92:3270-83. [PMID: 25074450 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of the efficiency of animals in feed utilization. The accuracies of GEBV for RFI could be improved by increasing the size of the reference population. Combining RFI records of different breeds is a way to do that. The aims of this study were to 1) develop a method for calculating GEBV in a multibreed population and 2) improve the accuracies of GEBV by using SNP associated with RFI. An alternative method for calculating accuracies of GEBV using genomic BLUP (GBLUP) equations is also described and compared to cross-validation tests. The dataset included RFI records and 606,096 SNP genotypes for 5,614 Bos taurus animals including 842 Holstein heifers and 2,009 Australian and 2,763 Canadian beef cattle. A range of models were tested for combining genotype and phenotype information from different breeds and the best model included an overall effect of each SNP, an effect of each SNP specific to a breed, and a small residual polygenic effect defined by the pedigree. In this model, the Holsteins and some Angus cattle were combined into 1 "breed class" because they were the only cattle measured for RFI at an early age (6-9 mo of age) and were fed a similar diet. The average empirical accuracy (0.31), estimated by calculating the correlation between GEBV and actual phenotypes divided by the square root of estimated heritability in 5-fold cross-validation tests, was near to that expected using the GBLUP equations (0.34). The average empirical and expected accuracies were 0.30 and 0.31, respectively, when the GEBV were estimated for each breed separately. Therefore, the across-breed reference population increased the accuracy of GEBV slightly, although the gain was greater for breeds with smaller number of individuals in the reference population (0.08 in Murray Grey and 0.11 in Hereford for empirical accuracy). In a second approach, SNP that were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with RFI in the beef cattle genomewide association studies were used to create an auxiliary genomic relationship matrix for estimating GEBV in Holstein heifers. The empirical (and expected) accuracy of GEBV within Holsteins increased from 0.33 (0.35) to 0.39 (0.36) and improved even more to 0.43 (0.50) when using a multibreed reference population. Therefore, a multibreed reference population is a useful resource to find SNP with a greater than average association with RFI in 1 breed and use them to estimate GEBV in another breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khansefid
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J E Pryce
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - S Bolormaa
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - S P Miller
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W0, Canada Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - Z Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - C Li
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M E Goddard
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Duerden EG, Foong J, Chau V, Branson H, Poskitt KJ, Grunau RE, Synnes A, Zwicker JG, Miller SP. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics in Preterm-Born Neonates Predicts Cognitive and Motor Outcomes at 18 Months. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1565-71. [PMID: 25929880 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome is common in children born preterm. Early sensitive predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome such as MR imaging are needed. Tract-based spatial statistics, a diffusion MR imaging analysis method, performed at term-equivalent age (40 weeks) is a promising predictor of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born very preterm. We sought to determine the association of tract-based spatial statistics findings before term-equivalent age with neurodevelopmental outcome at 18-months corrected age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of 180 neonates (born at 24-32-weeks' gestation) enrolled, 153 had DTI acquired early at 32 weeks' postmenstrual age and 105 had DTI acquired later at 39.6 weeks' postmenstrual age. Voxelwise statistics were calculated by performing tract-based spatial statistics on DTI that was aligned to age-appropriate templates. At 18-month corrected age, 166 neonates underwent neurodevelopmental assessment by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd ed, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, 2nd ed. RESULTS Tract-based spatial statistics analysis applied to early-acquired scans (postmenstrual age of 30-33 weeks) indicated a limited significant positive association between motor skills and axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity values in the corpus callosum, internal and external/extreme capsules, and midbrain (P < .05, corrected). In contrast, for term scans (postmenstrual age of 37-41 weeks), tract-based spatial statistics analysis showed a significant relationship between both motor and cognitive scores with fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts (P < .05, corrected). Tract-based spatial statistics in a limited subset of neonates (n = 22) scanned at <30 weeks did not significantly predict neurodevelopmental outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The strength of the association between fractional anisotropy values and neurodevelopmental outcome scores increased from early-to-late-acquired scans in preterm-born neonates, consistent with brain dysmaturation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Duerden
- From the Department of Paediatrics (E.G.D., J.F., V.C., H.B., S.P.M.), Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Foong
- From the Department of Paediatrics (E.G.D., J.F., V.C., H.B., S.P.M.), Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Chau
- Department of Pediatrics (V.C., K.J.P., R.E.G., A.S., J.G.Z., S.P.M.), University of British Columbia, BC Children's and Women's Hospitals, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H Branson
- From the Department of Paediatrics (E.G.D., J.F., V.C., H.B., S.P.M.), Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K J Poskitt
- Department of Pediatrics (V.C., K.J.P., R.E.G., A.S., J.G.Z., S.P.M.), University of British Columbia, BC Children's and Women's Hospitals, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R E Grunau
- Department of Pediatrics (V.C., K.J.P., R.E.G., A.S., J.G.Z., S.P.M.), University of British Columbia, BC Children's and Women's Hospitals, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Synnes
- Department of Pediatrics (V.C., K.J.P., R.E.G., A.S., J.G.Z., S.P.M.), University of British Columbia, BC Children's and Women's Hospitals, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J G Zwicker
- Department of Pediatrics (V.C., K.J.P., R.E.G., A.S., J.G.Z., S.P.M.), University of British Columbia, BC Children's and Women's Hospitals, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (J.G.Z.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S P Miller
- From the Department of Paediatrics (E.G.D., J.F., V.C., H.B., S.P.M.), Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Pediatrics (V.C., K.J.P., R.E.G., A.S., J.G.Z., S.P.M.), University of British Columbia, BC Children's and Women's Hospitals, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wood KM, Montanholi YR, Fitzsimmons CF, Miller SP, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Characterization and evaluation of residual feed intake measured in mid- to late-gestation mature beef cows and relationships with circulating serum metabolites and linear body measurements. Can J Anim Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2013-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Wood
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Y. R. Montanholi
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada B2N 5E3
| | - C. F. Fitzsimmons
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2C8
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2C8
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B. W. McBride
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - K. C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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17
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Dias RS, López S, Montanholi YR, Smith B, Haas LS, Miller SP, France J. A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary copper, molybdenum, and sulfur on plasma and liver copper, weight gain, and feed conversion in growing-finishing cattle. J Anim Sci 2014; 91:5714-23. [PMID: 24265326 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The minerals Cu, Mo, and S are essential for metabolic functions related to cattle health and performance. The interaction between Cu, Mo, and S can determine the utilization of each mineral, in particular Cu, by ruminants. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary Cu, Mo, and S and their interactions on plasma and liver Cu, ADG, and G:F in growing-finishing cattle. Data were collated from 12 published studies. The model with the best fit to data indicated plasma Cu was positively affected by dietary Cu (P < 0.01) and negatively affected by both dietary Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01). Another model also indicated that plasma Cu concentration is positively related to Cu:Mo ratio in the diet (P < 0.01). Dietary Cu had a positive effect on liver Cu (P < 0.01), whereas Mo showed a negative effect (P < 0.05), and no effect of dietary S on liver Cu was observed (P > 0.05). Average daily gain was negatively affected by dietary Mo (P < 0.05) and S (P < 0.01) and positively affected by Cu:Mo ratio (P < 0.01), likely because an increased Cu:Mo ratio minimizes the antagonistic effect of Mo on Cu. The feed conversion ratio was negatively affected by Mo (P < 0.05) and S (P < 0.01), whereas effects of the Cu:Mo ratio and dietary Cu were not significant (P > 0.05). The interaction between S and Mo affected (P < 0.01) G:F, which was likely related to a positive response with the proper balance between these minerals. In conclusion, dietary Cu, Mo, and S and the Cu:Mo ratio caused changes in plasma Cu. Only dietary Mo and S led to a negative response in the performance of growing-finishing cattle, whereas the diet Cu:Mo ratio has a linear and quadratic effect on ADG. Nutritionists and producers need to consider with caution the supplementation of growing-finishing cattle diets with Mo and S because of their potentially adverse effects on animal performance. An appropriate Cu:Mo ratio is desirable to minimize the effects of an impaired supply of Mo on Cu metabolism and ADG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Dias
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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18
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Khansefid M, Pryce JE, Bolormaa S, Miller SP, Wang Z, Li C, Goddard ME. Title: Estimation of genomic breeding values for residual feed intake in a multi-breed cattle population. J Anim Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Akanno EC, Plastow G, Woodward BW, Bauck S, Okut H, Wu XL, Sun C, Aalhus JL, Moore SS, Miller SP, Wang Z, Basarab JA. Reliability of molecular breeding values for Warner-Bratzler shear force and carcass traits of beef cattle – An independent validation study1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2896-904. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. C. Akanno
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G. Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - S. Bauck
- GeneSeek, 4665 Innovation Drive, Suite 120, Lincoln, NE
| | - H. Okut
- Department of Animal Science, Biometry and Genetic Branch, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - X-L. Wu
- Department of Dairy Science, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - C. Sun
- National Association of Animal Breeders, Columbia, MO
| | - J. L. Aalhus
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - S. S. Moore
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - S. P. Miller
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Z. Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J. A. Basarab
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Lacombe Research Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada
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20
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D'Arienzo PD, Duerden EG, Chau V, Thompson A, Belanger S, Poskitt KJ, Grunau RE, Synnes A, Miller SP, Moore AM. 1: Very Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Sepsis Demonstrate Slower Brain Metabolic Development. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Ventura RV, Lu D, Schenkel FS, Wang Z, Li C, Miller SP. Impact of reference population on accuracy of imputation from 6K to 50K single nucleotide polymorphism chips in purebred and crossbreed beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1433-44. [PMID: 24663187 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping with lower density but lower cost panels enables more animals to be genotyped for genomic selection. Imputation enables the determination of missing SNP genotypes in animals genotyped with a low-density panel by using information from a reference population genotyped with a higher density panel, which should increase accuracy of genomic EBV. In this study, population imputation, using linkage disequilibrium among markers, was implemented using the software BEAGLE, FIMPUTE 2.2, and IMPUTE2 in a multibreed, crossbred taurine beef cattle population genotyped with the Illumina SNP50. Different combinations of reference populations and imputed animals were defined based on breed composition. Number of animals (n = 250 to 4,932) and the presence of closer relatives in the reference population (only for Angus animals) were investigated. The overall average imputation accuracy for purebred animals ranged from 94.20 to 97.93% using FIMPUTE, from 95.35 to 98.31% using IMPUTE2, and from 90.02 to 96.38% when BEAGLE software was used. Imputation accuracy of crossbred animals ranged from 54.15 to 97.53% (FIMPUTE), from 57.04 to 97.46% (IMPUTE2), and from 54.35 to 95.64% (BEAGLE). Higher imputation accuracies were obtained when closer relatives along with the breed composition of imputed animals was well represented in the reference population. Within breed imputation from 6K to 50K did not improve when an additional purebred population was added to the reference population. FIMPUTE reduced the run time by 13 to 52 times compared to BEAGLE and 51 to 108 times compared to IMPUTE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Ventura
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1 Canada
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22
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Wood KM, Awda BJ, Fitzsimmons C, Miller SP, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Influence of pregnancy in mid-to-late gestation on circulating metabolites, visceral organ mass, and abundance of proteins relating to energy metabolism in mature beef cows1,2. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5775-84. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Wood
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - B. J. Awda
- College of Applied Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - C. Fitzsimmons
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - B. W. McBride
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - K. C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050
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23
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Montanholi YR, Lam S, Peripolli V, Vander Voort G, Miller SP. Short Communication: Associations between chemical composition and physical properties of milk and colostrum with feed efficiency in beef cows. Can J Anim Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2013-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Montanholi, Y. R., Lam, S., Peripolli, V., Vander Voort, G. and Miller, S. P. 2013. Short Communication: Associations between chemical composition and physical properties of milk and colostrum with feed efficiency in beef cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 487–492. Lactogenesis is an energetically demanding process influencing efficiency of feed utilization. Individual energetic expenditure variation may exist in this process and could be accessed through the properties of milk and colostrum in beef cows. Properties of both secretions were analyzed for fat, protein, and lactose contents. Freezing point and somatic cell count were determined in milk and specific gravity and total solids in colostrum. Associations between feed efficiency and milk freezing point, milk lactose content, and colostrum specific gravity were noticed. This link between milk and colostrum properties with feed efficiency could be considered for the improvement of feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. R. Montanholi
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - S. Lam
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - V. Peripolli
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil, 91540-000
| | - G. Vander Voort
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - S. P. Miller
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
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24
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Dias RS, Lopez S, Montanholi YR, Smith B, Haas LS, Miller SP, France J. A metaanalysis of the effects of dietary copper, molybdenum, and sulfur on plasma and liver copper, weight gain, and feed conversion in growing-finishing cattle. J Anim Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Jamrozik J, McGrath S, Kemp RA, Miller SP. Estimates of genetic parameters for stayability to consecutive calvings of Canadian Simmentals by random regression models1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3634-43. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jamrozik
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S. McGrath
- RAK Genetic Consulting Ltd., Lethbridge, AB T1K 6A9, Canada
| | - R. A. Kemp
- RAK Genetic Consulting Ltd., Lethbridge, AB T1K 6A9, Canada
| | - S. P. Miller
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Wood KM, Awda BJ, Fitzsimmons C, Miller SP, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Effect of moderate dietary restriction on visceral organ weight, hepatic oxygen consumption, and metabolic proteins associated with energy balance in mature pregnant beef cows. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4245-55. [PMID: 23893975 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-two nonlactating multiparous pregnant beef cows (639 ± 68 kg) were used to investigate the effect of dietary restriction on the abundance of selected proteins regulating cellular energy metabolism. Cows were fed at either 85% (n = 11; LOW) or 140% (n = 11; HIGH) of total NE requirements. The diet consisted of a haylage-based total mixed ration containing 20% wheat straw. Cows were slaughtered by block (predicted date of parturition), beginning 83 d after the initiation of dietary treatments and every week thereafter for 6 wk, such that each block was slaughtered at approximately 250 d of gestation. Tissue samples from liver, kidney, sternomandibularis muscle, ruminal papilli (ventral sac), pancreas, and small intestinal muscosa were collected at slaughter and snap frozen in liquid N2. Western blots were conducted to quantify abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ATP synthase, ubiquitin, and Na/K+ ATPase for all tissues; PPARγ, PPARγ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α), and 5´-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the activated form phosphorylated-AMPK (pAMPK) for liver, muscle, and rumen; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for liver and kidney; and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) for liver. Statistical analysis was conducted using Proc Mixed in SAS and included the fixed effects of dietary treatment, cow age, block, and the random effect of pen. Dietary treatments resulted in cows fed HIGH having greater (P ≤ 0.04) ADG and final BW than cows fed LOW. Abundance of ubiquitin in muscle was greater (P = 0.009) in cows fed LOW, and PCG-1 α in liver was greater (P = 0.03) in cows fed HIGH. Hepatic O2 consumption was greater in HIGH (P ≤ 0.04). Feed intake can influence the abundance of important metabolic proteins and suggest that protein degradation may increase in muscle from moderately nutrient restricted cows and that energy metabolism in liver increases in cows fed above NE requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Wood
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W0, Canada
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27
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Abo-Ismail MK, Kelly MJ, Squires EJ, Swanson KC, Bauck S, Miller SP. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in digestive and metabolic processes associated with feed efficiency and performance traits in beef cattle1,2. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2512-29. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Abo-Ismail
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W0
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - M. J. Kelly
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W0
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - E. J. Squires
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W0
| | - K. C. Swanson
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W0
- Animal Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108-6050
| | - S. Bauck
- GeneSeek, 4665 Innovation Drive, Suite 120, Lincoln, NE 68521
| | - S. P. Miller
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W0
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28
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Basarab JA, Beauchemin KA, Baron VS, Ominski KH, Guan LL, Miller SP, Crowley JJ. Reducing GHG emissions through genetic improvement for feed efficiency: effects on economically important traits and enteric methane production. Animal 2013; 7 Suppl 2:303-15. [PMID: 23739472 PMCID: PMC3691002 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection for residual feed intake (RFI) is an indirect approach for reducing enteric methane (CH4) emissions in beef and dairy cattle. RFI is moderately heritable (0.26 to 0.43), moderately repeatable across diets (0.33 to 0.67) and independent of body size and production, and when adjusted for off-test ultrasound backfat thickness (RFI fat) is also independent of body fatness in growing animals. It is highly dependent on accurate measurement of individual animal feed intake. Within-animal repeatability of feed intake is moderate (0.29 to 0.49) with distinctive diurnal patterns associated with cattle type, diet and genotype, necessitating the recording of feed intake for at least 35 days. In addition, direct measurement of enteric CH4 production will likely be more variable and expensive than measuring feed intake and if conducted should be expressed as CH4 production (g/animal per day) adjusted for body size, growth, body composition and dry matter intake (DMI) or as residual CH4 production. A further disadvantage of a direct CH4 phenotype is that the relationships of enteric CH4 production on other economically important traits are largely unknown. Selection for low RFI fat (efficient, -RFI fat) will result in cattle that consume less dry matter (DMI) and have an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with high RFI fat cattle (inefficient; +RFI fat). Few antagonistic effects have been reported for the relationships of RFI fat on carcass and meat quality, fertility, cow lifetime productivity and adaptability to stress or extensive grazing conditions. Low RFI fat cattle also produce 15% to 25% less enteric CH4 than +RFI fat cattle, since DMI is positively related to enteric methane (CH4) production. In addition, lower DMI and feeding duration and frequency, and a different rumen bacterial profile that improves rumen fermentation in -RFI fat cattle may favor a 1% to 2% improvement in dry matter and CP digestibility compared with +RFI fat cattle. Rate of genetic change using this approach is expected to improve feed efficiency and reduce enteric CH4 emissions from cattle by 0.75% to 1.0% per year at equal levels of body size, growth and body fatness compared with cattle not selected for RFI fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Basarab
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada.
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29
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Awda BJ, Miller SP, Montanholi YR, Voort GV, Caldwell T, Buhr MM, Swanson KC. The relationship between feed efficiency traits and fertility in young beef bulls. Can J Anim Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Awda, B. J., Miller, S. P., Montanholi, Y. R., Vander Voort, G., Caldwell, T., Buhr, M. M. and Swanson, K. C. 2013. The relationship between feed efficiency traits and fertility in young beef bulls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 185–192. Great efforts have been taken in recent years for improving feed efficiency in beef cattle. Despite there being several studies on biological factors associated with this trait, little is known about the potential relationships between fertility and feed efficiency in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between feed efficiency traits and bull fertility traits [sperm motility, viability and scrotal circumference (SC)]. From a total of 328 crossbred beef bulls that were subjected to a performance test (112 d in each of 6 yr), SC was measured and semen collected from 110 bulls using the electroejaculation method (average age±SE=417±2.5 d). Sperm were extended, cooled, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Two residual feed intake (RFI) measures were considered with different prediction models for dry matter intake (DMI), RFIKoch included size and growth rate and RFIbkft included the additional adjustment for backfat thickness (BKFT). Sperm viability, motility and progressive motility of the 10 bulls with the greatest RFIKoch (Hi-RFIKoch) were greater than those of the 10 bulls with the lowest RFIKoch (Lo-RFIKoch; P<0.05, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). Sperm motility (P<0.01), progressive motility and SC (P<0.05) of the 10 bulls with the greatest RFIbkft (Hi-RFIbkft) were greater than those of the 10 bulls with the lowest RFIbkft (Lo-RFIbkft). In summary, these data indicate that young beef bulls with greater feed efficiency have decreased sperm motility, sperm viability and SC, which is an undesirable effect of selection for improved feed efficiency that needs to be addressed through multiple trait selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Awda
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Y. R. Montanholi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - G. Vander Voort
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - T. Caldwell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - M. M. Buhr
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
| | - K. C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108-6050, USA
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Wong DST, Poskitt KJ, Chau V, Miller SP, Roland E, Hill A, Tam EWY. Brain injury patterns in hypoglycemia in neonatal encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1456-61. [PMID: 23436054 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Low glucose values are often seen in term infants with NE, including HIE, yet the contribution of hypoglycemia to the pattern of neurologic injury remains unclear. We hypothesized that MR features of neonatal hypoglycemia could be detected, superimposed on the predominant HIE injury pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS Term neonates (n = 179) with NE were prospectively imaged with day-3 MR studies and had glucose data available for review. The predominant imaging pattern of HIE was recorded as watershed, basal ganglia, total, focal-multifocal, or no injury. Radiologic hypoglycemia was diagnosed on the basis of selective edema in the posterior white matter, pulvinar, and anterior medial thalamic nuclei. Clinical charts were reviewed for evidence of NE, HIE, and hypoglycemia (<46 mg/dL). RESULTS The predominant pattern of HIE injury imaged included 17 watershed, 25 basal ganglia, 10 total, 42 focal-multifocal, and 85 cases of no injury. A radiologic diagnosis of hypoglycemia was made in 34 cases. Compared with laboratory-confirmed hypoglycemia, MR findings had a positive predictive value of 82% and negative predictive value of 78%. Sixty (34%) neonates had clinical hypoglycemia before MR imaging. Adjusting for 5-minute Apgar scores and umbilical artery pH with logistic regression, clinical hypoglycemia was associated with a 17.6-fold higher odds of MR imaging identification (P < .001). Selective posterior white matter and pulvinar edema were most predictive of clinical hypoglycemia, and no injury (36%) or a watershed (32%) pattern of injury was seen more often in severe hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS In term infants with NE and hypoglycemia, specific imaging features for both hypoglycemia and hypoxia-ischemia can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S T Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Salim H, Wood KM, Abo-Ismail MK, McEwen PL, Mandell IB, Miller SP, Cant JP, Swanson KC. Influence of feeding increasing levels of dry corn distillers grains plus solubles in whole corn grain-based finishing diets on total tract digestion, nutrient balance, and excretion in beef steers1,2. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:4441-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hey RN, Kleinrock MC, Miller SP, Atwater TM, Searle RC. Sea Beam/Deep-Tow Investigation of an active oceanic propagating rift system, Galapagos 95.5°W. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb091ib03p03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Macdonald KC, Miller SP, Huestis SP, Spiess FN. Three-dimensional modeling of a magnetic reversal boundary from inversion of deep-tow measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb085ib07p03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McGregor EM, Campbell CP, Miller SP, Purslow PP, Mandell IB. Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle. Can J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
McGregor, E M., Campbell, C. P., Miller, S. P., Purslow, P. P. and Mandell, I. B. 2012. Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 327–341. The effects of nutritional management regimen and breed on growth performance, carcass attributes, and meat quality were evaluated in 68 British (BRIT) and Continental (CONT) crossbred steers, managed on one of three nutritional regimens: (1) ad libitum access to a 77% corn diet (ALGRAIN), (2) limit feeding initially of the 77% corn diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFGRAIN), and (3) limit feeding initially of a 90% haylage diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFHAYL). Nutritional regimen by breed interactions (P<0.02) were present for average daily gain, dry matter intake (DMI), gain to feed, and shear force. LFHAYL regimen decreased gains to a greater extent for BRIT steers than CONT steers managed on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Feed intakes were similar across nutritional regimens for CONT steers, while DMI was depressed in BRIT on LFHAYL as compared with steers started on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Gain to feed was greater in BRIT cattle on LFGRAIN vs. ALGRAIN, while gain to feed was similar in CONT started on grain (ALGRAIN, LFGRAIN). Shear force was lower for beef from LFHAYL BRIT vs. beef from BRIT on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN, while the converse was true for CONT. Limit feeding of a high-energy diet may be appropriate for cattle of British background to reduce feed input costs, while ensuring tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. McGregor
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - C. P. Campbell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - P. P. Purslow
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - I. B. Mandell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Wang Z, Colazo MG, Basarab JA, Goonewardene LA, Ambrose DJ, Marques E, Plastow G, Miller SP, Moore SS. Impact of selection for residual feed intake on breeding soundness and reproductive performance of bulls on pasture-based multisire mating1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2963-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - M. G. Colazo
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton T6H 5T6, Canadda
| | - J. A. Basarab
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - L. A. Goonewardene
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2C8, Canada
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton T6H 5T6, Canadda
| | - D. J. Ambrose
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2C8, Canada
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton T6H 5T6, Canadda
| | - E. Marques
- Beefbooster Inc., Calgary, Alberta T1Y 5E4, Canada
| | - G. Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - S. P. Miller
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S. S. Moore
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2C8, Canada
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Case LA, Wood BJ, Miller SP. The investigation of ultrasound technology to measure breast muscle depth as a correlated trait to breast meat yield in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3410-7. [PMID: 22665648 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound measurements of muscle depth were analyzed to determine if these traits could be used to increase the rate of genetic gain in breast meat yield (BMY). Two measurements of breast depth, one taken horizontally across both breast lobes and one parallel to the keel, were captured using ultrasound. Heritabilities of muscle depth traits ranged from 0.35 to 0.70. These values were greater than heritabilities of conformation scores, which ranged from 0.25 to 0.47 within sex and line. The ultrasound traits also showed strong genetic correlations to BMY, ranging from 0.43 to 0.75, indicating that selection, using ultrasound depth as a correlated information source, could result in improved BMY. Including each ultrasound trait in a linear regression model predicting BMY increased the proportion of variation explained by the models by 0.08 to 0.17, relative to using conformation score as the only in vivo estimate. Based on results from a simulated turkey breeding program with selection pressure only on BMY, the ultrasound measures could increase the accuracy of a selection index for BMY by 0.02 to 0.16. As a result, ultrasound technology has the potential to improve the rate of genetic gain in BMY in a breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Case
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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von Dadelszen P, Lim KI, Dwinnell S, Magee LA, Carleton BC, Gruslin A, Lee B, Liston RM, Miller SP, Rurak D, Sherlock RL, Skoll MA, Wareing MM, Baker PN. Reversed umbilical arterial end diastolic flow, sildenafil treatment and early stillbirths. BJOG 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic parameters for production, survival, and structural fitness traits recorded in pedigreed turkey sire and dam parental lines from a nucleus breeding program were estimated with multiple-trait animal models. Survival and conformation traits were scored in binary terms of health, where 0 = died or affected, and 1 = survived or healthy. Walking ability at 20 wk was subjectively scored from 1 (poor) to 6 (excellent). Body weights and egg production displayed moderate heritability (h(2) = 0.18 to 0.35). Early survival (to 3 wk) displayed low heritability (h(2) = 0.02 and 0.04 for the dam and sire lines, respectively). Late survival (3 to 23 wk) and longevity (age at death or cull) had low to moderate heritability (h(2) = 0.12 to 0.14). Walking ability had moderate heritability (h(2) = 0.26, 0.25). Leg structure health displayed low heritability (h(2) = 0.08), as did hip structure, foot, and skin health (h(2) ≤ 0.02). Crop health displayed moderate heritability (h(2) = 0.12). Walking ability, hip and leg structures, footpad, and breast skin health had negative genetic correlations with BW (r(G) = -0.50 to -0.23). Egg production had moderate positive genetic correlation with late survival (r(G) = 0.61). Genetic correlations between early and late survival were close to zero (r(G) = 0.10 and 0.03 for the dam and sire lines, respectively). Walking ability had high positive genetic correlations with late survival, longevity, hip structure, and leg structure in both lines (r(G) = 0.51 to 0.91). These genetic parameters indicate that unchecked selection for growth could decrease survival, walking ability, and hip, leg, footpad, and skin health in turkeys. However, index selection should be effective at improving fitness, survival, and growth simultaneously in commercial turkey lines. Walking ability should be a good indicator trait for selection to improve overall late survival and hip and leg health in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Quinton
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada.
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von Dadelszen P, Dwinnell S, Magee LA, Carleton BC, Gruslin A, Lee B, Lim KI, Liston RM, Miller SP, Rurak D, Sherlock RL, Skoll MA, Wareing MM, Baker PN. Sildenafil citrate therapy for severe early-onset intrauterine growth restriction. BJOG 2011; 118:624-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Block AJ, McQuillen PS, Chau V, Glass H, Poskitt KJ, Barkovich AJ, Esch M, Soulikias W, Azakie A, Campbell A, Miller SP. Clinically silent preoperative brain injuries do not worsen with surgery in neonates with congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:550-7. [PMID: 20434174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preoperative brain injury, particularly stroke and white matter injury, is common in neonates with congenital heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of hemorrhage or extension of preoperative brain injury with cardiac surgery. METHODS This dual-center prospective cohort study recruited 92 term neonates, 62 with transposition of the great arteries and 30 with single ventricle physiology, from 2 tertiary referral centers. Neonates underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after cardiac surgery. RESULTS Brain injury was identified in 40 (43%) neonates on the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan (median 5 days after birth): stroke in 23, white matter injury in 21, and intraventricular hemorrhage in 7. None of the brain lesions presented clinically with overt signs or seizures. Preoperative brain injury was associated with balloon atrial septostomy (P = .003) and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (P = .007); in a multivariable model, only the effect of balloon atrial septostomy remained significant when adjusting for lowest arterial oxygen saturation. On postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 78 neonates (median 21 days after birth), none of the preoperative lesions showed evidence of extension or hemorrhagic transformation (0/40 [95% confidence interval: 0%-7%]). The presence of preoperative brain injury was not a significant risk factor for acquiring new injury on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (P = .8). CONCLUSIONS Clinically silent brain injuries identified preoperatively in neonates with congenital heart disease, including stroke, have a low risk of progression with surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass and should therefore not delay clinically indicated cardiac surgery. In this multicenter cohort, balloon atrial septostomy remains an important risk factor for preoperative brain injury, particularly stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Block
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Case LA, Miller SP, Wood BJ. Determination of the optimum slaughter weight to maximize gross profit in a turkey production system. Can J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A deterministic model was used to optimize turkey slaughter weight based on a profit equation that described the commercial grower and processing divisions of an integrated company. The objective was to determine optimum slaughter weights for toms and hens using both a heavy and super heavy strain, to maximize gross margin of the system. Sensitivity of optimum slaughter weight in response to feed cost and breast meat price was also considered. Higher margins could be achieved with toms and super heavy strain birds. This indicated that larger birds, from a heavier weight strain or toms within a strain, could be more efficient and profitable given the assumed production values. Results were based on the assumed market conditions, and changes in the costs or turkey component values (i.e., breast meat) could result in a shift in the optimal turkey strain to use. Increased feed cost results in a lower optimum slaughter weight and decreased margin. Optimum slaughter weight and profit increased with higher breast meat values. Increasing the profit of an integrated company can be accomplished by targeting slaughter to an optimum weight.Key words: Turkey, body weight, production efficiency, breast meat, feed efficiency
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Case LA, Kelly MJ, Miller SP, Wood BJ. Genotype x environment interaction as it relates to egg production in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1957-66. [PMID: 20190178 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype x environment (GxE) interactions can reduce the accuracy of a model to predict the performance of an animal and have an undesirable influence if not accounted for when estimating breeding values. Consequently, identification of these GxE is necessary when considering a turkey breeding program. Reranking based on the genetic prediction of turkey egg production, fertility, and hatchability in different seasons was indicative of a potential GxE interaction. Quantification of the GxE interactions was based on the genetic correlation estimated when traits were expressed in different seasons. Egg production was expressed as the percentage of days with an egg produced; fertility represented the proportion of hatched eggs that contained a fertile embryo; and hatchability was defined as the percentage of fertile eggs that produced a live bird. Variance components and heritability for egg production, fertility, and hatchability were estimated using ASReml. The heritability (h(2)) of egg production was calculated to be 0.32 for both lines with the phenotypic and genetic variance, 141.3 and 45.58 (percent days with egg produced)(2) and 118.3 and 38.35 (percent days with egg produced)(2) for female and male lines, respectively. The h(2) estimates for fertility were 0.08 in both lines with and of 293.3%(2) and 24.03%(2), and 576.9%(2) and 48.43%(2) for female and male lines, respectively. The hatchability h(2), and estimates were 0.09, 267.1%(2), and 24.44%(2), respectively, for the female line and 0.15, 582.2%(2), and 90.01%(2) for the male line, respectively. Based on an animal model, the variance components were used to calculate estimated breeding values for each trait. The annual fluctuation in estimated breeding values resulted in the need to evaluate egg number, fertility, and hatchability as 2 traits, summer and winter lay. The correlation between the 2 traits was less than unity (female line: r(egg production) = 0.76, r(fertility) = -0.20, r(hatchability) = 0.75 and male line: r(egg production) = 0.86, r(fertility) = 0.19, r(hatchability) = 0.68) suggesting a GxE interaction, and animals will significantly rerank in genetic predictions for these reproductive phenotypes in different seasons of lay. Egg production, fertility, and hatchability in turkeys could be considered as 2 distinct traits in an animal model based on season of lay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Case
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Wood KM, Kelly MJ, Miller SP, Mandell IB, Swanson KC. Effect of crop residues in haylage-based rations on the performance of pregnant beef cows. Can J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas09070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-one individually fed multiparous, pregnant crossbred beef cows [body weight (BW) ± SD; 730 ± 77.9 kg] were used to examine the effects of including crop residues in alfalfa/grass haylage-based rations on BW gain, fat deposition/loss and plasma metabolites. The haylage control ration (CON; n = 23) was modified to include either 40% (dry matter basis) wheat straw (WS; n = 24) or 40% corn stalklage (CS; n = 24). Cows were blocked by calving date and randomly assigned to each treatment and fed for 82 d leading up to the earliest calving date. On days 1, 40, and 82, cows were weighed, ultrasounded to measure subcutaneous backfat (BF) over the ribs, body condition scored (BCS) and plasma was collected. Calves from cows fed WS had greater (P = 0.02 ) weaning weights than cows fed CS, but did not differ (P = 0.23) from CON. CS cows had the lowest ADG (P < 0.03), lost the most body condition (P < 0.04), and had the lowest dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.001). These data indicate that diets containing crop residues can be used to dilute high-quality haylage rations for wintering beef cows; however, diets containing 40% corn stalklage used in this experiment may not be advisable, since cows lost BW and fat, and their calves had the poorest calf performance up to weaning. Key words: Beef cattle, wheat straw, winter feeding, corn stalklage, crop residues
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Mader CJ, Montanholi YR, Wang YJ, Miller SP, Mandell IB, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Relationships among measures of growth performance and efficiency with carcass traits, visceral organ mass, and pancreatic digestive enzymes in feedlot cattle1,2. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1548-57. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Berman JI, Glass HC, Miller SP, Mukherjee P, Ferriero DM, Barkovich AJ, Vigneron DB, Henry RG. Quantitative fiber tracking analysis of the optic radiation correlated with visual performance in premature newborns. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 30:120-4. [PMID: 18832665 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many prematurely born neonates have abnormalities of vision or visual processing. This study tests the hypothesis that a correlation exists between the microstructure of the optic radiation and visual performance in premature neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 36 premature neonates ranging in age from 29 to 41 weeks of gestational age (GA) at time of MR imaging. DTI fiber tracking methods were developed to delineate the optic radiations and segment the tract into anterior, middle, and posterior regions. Structural development and spatial heterogeneity in the delineated optic radiations were quantitatively assessed with diffusion tensor parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA), directionally averaged diffusivity (D(av)), parallel diffusivity (lambda(1)), and transverse diffusivity (lambda( perpendicular)). Visual maturity of the preterm neonates at the time of MR imaging was assessed with a visual fixation task. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between neonatal visual performance and the microstructure of the optic radiation. RESULTS Fractional anisotropy within the optic radiation was observed to increase with GA (P < .0001). D(av), parallel diffusivity, and transverse diffusivity within the optic radiation each decreased with GA (P < .0003, P < .02, and P < .0001, respectively). The anterior segment of the optic radiation exhibited higher FA and lower D(av), parallel diffusivity, and transverse diffusivity (P < .005 each) than within the middle and posterior segments. Optic radiation fractional anisotropy correlated significantly with scores from the visual fixation tracking assessment, independent of GA (P < .006). CONCLUSIONS This study detected a significant link between the tissue architecture of the optic radiation and visual function in premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Berman
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Schenkel FS, Miller SP, Jiang Z, Mandell IB, Ye X, Li H, Wilton JW. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the calpastatin gene with carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2008; 84:291-9. [PMID: 16424255 DOI: 10.2527/2006.842291x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpastatin (CAST) is a naturally occurring protein that inhibits the normal tenderization of meat as it ages postmortem. A SNP was identified in the CAST gene (a G to C substitution) and genotyped on crossbred commercially fed heifers (n = 163), steers (n = 226), and bulls (n = 61) from beef feedlots, and steers (n = 178) from a University of Guelph feeding trial. The association of the CAST SNP with carcass and meat quality traits was studied. Carcass traits included fat, lean, and bone yield; grade fat; LM area; and HCW. Meat quality traits included marbling grade; i.m. fat content of LM; tenderness evaluation of LM (Warner-Bratzler shear force) at 2, 7, 14, and 21 d of postmortem aging; and tenderness evaluation of semitendinosus muscle at 7 d of postmortem aging. The mixed model used in the analyses included fixed effects of CAST genotype, sex, slaughter group, and breed composition (linear covariate); sire was a random effect. For the analysis of shear force, i.m. fat content of LM was also included in the model as a linear covariate. Shear force measures were analyzed within days of postmortem aging and by repeated measures analysis. The CAST SNP allele C was more frequent (63%) in the crossbred population than allele G. The CAST SNP was associated with shear force across days of postmortem aging (P = 0.005); genotype CC yielded beef that was more tender than GG (-0.32 kg +/- 0.13), and CG had intermediate tenderness. The corresponding average allele substitution effect (G to C substitution) was also highly significant (-0.15 +/- 0.05 kg, P = 0.002). A lower percentage of unacceptably tough steaks (shear force > 5.7 kg) at 2 and 7 d postmortem was associated with an increasing number of C alleles (P < or = 0.05). At 7 d postmortem, the percentage of unacceptably tough steaks decreased by 24 and 35%, respectively, for animals carrying 1 and 2 copies of the C allele relative to animals with no C alleles. However, genotype CC had a greater fat yield (+1.44 +/- 0.56%; P = 0.037) than genotype GG, with a corresponding allele substitution effect of 0.67 +/- 0.27% (P = 0.015). Therefore, the CAST SNP allele C was associated with increased LM tenderness across days of postmortem aging and, importantly for the beef industry, had a significant reduction in the percentage of steaks rated unacceptably tough by consumers based on an assumed threshold level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Schenkel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G-2W1, Canada.
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Wang ZJ, Vigneron DB, Miller SP, Mukherjee P, Charlton NN, Lu Y, Barkovich AJ. Brain metabolite levels assessed by lactate-edited MR spectroscopy in premature neonates with and without pentobarbital sedation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:798-801. [PMID: 18184837 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pentobarbital is known to affect cerebral metabolism; pentobarbital sedation is, however, frequently used for MR imaging and MR spectroscopy, especially in children. Accurate assessment of the brain metabolite levels is important, particularly in neonates with suspected brain injury. We investigated whether pentobarbital sedation has any effect on the ratios of spectral metabolites lactate, N-acetylaspartate, or choline in a group of premature neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR spectroscopy was performed in 43 premature neonates, all with normal concurrent MR imaging and normal neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 months of age. Of those neonates, 14 (33%) required pentobarbital (Nembutal 1 mg/kg) sedation during MR spectroscopy; the remaining 29 neonates did not receive any sedation. Ratios of lactate, choline, and N-acetylaspartate were calculated in the basal ganglia, thalami, and corticospinal tracts and compared between those neonates with and without sedation. RESULTS Small amounts of brain lactate were detected in all of the premature neonates. The basal ganglia lactate/choline and lactate/N-acetylaspartate ratios were significantly lower, by 17% and 25% respectively, in the neonates with pentobarbital sedation compared with the age-matched neonates without sedation (P < .05). Sedation did not affect the lactate level in the thalami or the corticospinal tracts. The N-acetylaspartate/choline ratios were unaffected by pentobarbital sedation. CONCLUSION Pentobarbital sedation is associated with lower lactate/choline and lactate/N-acetylaspartate ratios in the basal ganglia of premature neonates, as determined by proton MR spectroscopy. Investigators should be aware of this phenomenon for accurate interpretation of their MR spectroscopy results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
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Bergen R, Miller SP, Wilton JW, Crews DH, Mandell IB. Genetic correlations between live yearling bull and steer carcass traits adjusted to different slaughter end points. 1. Carcass lean percentage. J Anim Sci 2007; 84:546-57. [PMID: 16478946 DOI: 10.2527/2006.843546x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied genetic relationships between age-constant live yearling beef bull growth and ultrasound traits and steer carcass traits with dissected steer carcass lean percentage adjusted to slaughter age-, HCW-, fat depth-, and marbling score-constant end points. Three measures of steer carcass lean percentage were used. Blue Tag lean percentage (BTLean) was predicted from HCW, fat depth, and LM area measurements. Ruler lean percentage (RulerLean) was predicted from carcass fat depth and LM depth and width measurements. Dissected lean percentage (DissLean) was based on dissection of the 10-11-12th rib section. Both BTLean (h2 = 0.30 to 0.44) and DissLean (h2 = 0.34 to 0.39) were more heritable than RulerLean (h2 = 0.05 to 0.14) at all end points. Genetic correlations among DissLean and RulerLean (rg = 0.61 to 0.70), DissLean and BTLean (rg = 0.56 to 0.72), and BTLean and RulerLean (rg = 0.59 to 0.90) indicated that these traits were not genetically identical. Adjusting Diss-Lean to different end points changed the magnitude, but generally not the direction, of genetic correlations with indicator traits. Ultrasound scan-age-constant live yearling bull lean percentage estimates were heritable (h2 = 0.26 to 0.42) and genetically correlated with each other (rg = 0.68 to 0.99) but had greater correlations with DissLean at slaughter age (rg = 0.24 to 0.48) and HCW (rg = 0.16 to 0.40) end points than at fat depth (rg = -0.08 to 0.13) and marbling score (rg = 0.02 to 0.11) end points. Scan-age-constant yearling bull ultrasound fat depth also had stronger correlations with DissLean at slaughter age (rg = -0.34) and HCW (rg = -0.25) than at fat depth (rg = -0.02) and marbling score (rg = -0.03) end points. Yearling bull scan-age-constant ultrasound LM area was positively correlated with DissLean at all endpoints (rg = 0.11 to 0.23). Genetic correlations between yearling bull LM method 1 width (rg = 0.38 to 0.56) and method 2 depth (rg = -0.17 to -0.38) measurements with DissLean suggested that LM shape may be a valuable addition to genetic improvement programs for carcass lean percentage at slaughter age, HCW, and fat depth constant end points. At all end points, steer carcass fat depth (rg = -0.60 to -0.64) and LM area (rg = 0.48 to 0.59) had stronger associations with DissLean than did corresponding live yearling bull measurements. Improved methods that combine live ultrasound and carcass traits would be beneficial for evaluating carcass lean percentage at fat depth or marbling score end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bergen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Bergen R, Miller SP, Wilton JW, Mandell IB. Genetic correlations between live yearling bull and steer carcass traits adjusted to different slaughter end points. 2. Carcass fat partitioning. J Anim Sci 2007; 84:558-66. [PMID: 16478947 DOI: 10.2527/2006.843558x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial carcass dissection data from 1,031 finished crossbred beef steers were used to calculate heritabilities and genetic correlations among subcutaneous, intermuscular, and body cavity fat percentage and marbling score adjusted to slaughter age-, HCW-, fat depth-, and marbling score-constant endpoints. Genetic correlations were also calculated among these fat partitions with live growth and ultrasound traits evaluated in yearling beef bulls (n = 2,172) and steer carcass measurements. Heritabilities of the different fat partitions ranged from 0.22 (marbling score-constant body cavity fat) to 0.46 (HCW-constant marbling score). Genetic correlations between subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat (rg = 0.16 to 0.32) and between intermuscular fat and body cavity fat (rg = 0.38 to 0.50) were more highly associated than subcutaneous fat and body cavity fat (rg = -0.08 to 0.05), indicating that fat depots are not under identical genetic control. Adjusting fat depots to different end points affected the magnitude but usually not the sign of the genetic correlations. Bull postweaning gain was associated with intermuscular (-0.24 to -0.35), body cavity (-0.24 to -0.29), and marbling fat (-0.24 to -0.39) in steers. Bull hip height was associated with body cavity (-0.20 to -0.29) and marbling fat (-0.20 to -0.47) in steers. Bull ultrasound fat depth was associated with subcutaneous (0.11 to 0.29), intermuscular (0.05 to 0.36), body cavity (0.27 to 0.49), and marbling fat (0.27 to 0.73) in steers. Bull ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage was associated with subcutaneous (-0.22 to -0.44) and intermuscular fat (-0.06 to 0.31) in steers. Bull ultrasound LM area was associated with body cavity (-0.25 to -0.31) and marbling fat (-0.25 to -0.30) in steers. Ultrasound LM width measurements were negatively correlated with subcutaneous fat (rg = -0.09 to -0.18), intermuscular fat (rg = -0.53 to -0.61), body cavity fat (rg = -0.63 to -0.69), and marbling score (rg = -0.75 to -0.87) at slaughter age-, HCW-, and fat depth-constant endpoints; correlations were generally lower at a marbling score-constant end point (rg = 0.07 to -0.49). Ultrasound indicator traits measured in seedstock may be useful in altering fat partitioning in commercial beef carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bergen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Bartha AI, Yap KRL, Miller SP, Jeremy RJ, Nishimoto M, Vigneron DB, Barkovich AJ, Ferriero DM. The normal neonatal brain: MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and 3D MR spectroscopy in healthy term neonates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:1015-21. [PMID: 17569948 PMCID: PMC8134140 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a lack of normative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 3D MR spectroscopy (MRS) data in the early neonatal period. We report quantitative values from a cohort of healthy term neonates to serve as baseline data for studies assessing brain development and injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen healthy term neonates (median age, 7 days) were studied with spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging, DTI, and 3D point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) MRS without sedation on a 1.5 T scanner. Average diffusivity (D(av)), fractional anisotropy (FA), eigenvalues (EV), and metabolite ratios (N-acetylaspartate [NAA]/choline, lactate/choline) were calculated by automated processing in 7 brain regions. Neurodevelopment was assessed by blinded and validated neuromotor examinations and the Bayley II test at 3 and 14 months. RESULTS Two neonates were excluded from the cohort: one had brain injury on T2-weighted imaging, and the other, who had normal MR imaging, showed mildly delayed cognition at 14 months. The mean DTI values of the remaining 14 neonates were between these ranges: D(av)=0.98-1.48 10(-3) mm(2)/s, FA=0.14-0.30, EV1=1.21-1.88, EV2=0.95-1.46, and EV3=0.77-1.24 (all x 10(-3) mm(2)/s). The NAA/choline ratio ranged between 0.58 and 0.73, and minimal lactate/choline (<0.15) could be detected in each neonate. All neonates exhibited clinically normal neuromotor status. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining high-quality quantifiable MR data in nonsedated healthy term neonates that can be used to study normal early brain development and as control data in studies of perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Bartha
- Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA
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