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Pibida L, Bergeron DE, Collins SM, Ivanov P, Cessna JT, Fitzgerald RP, Mewburn-Crook J, Zimmerman BE, King L. Absolute emission intensities of the gamma rays from the decay of 224Ra and 212Pb progenies and the half-life of the 212 Pb decay. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111171. [PMID: 38181577 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Absolute gamma-ray emission intensities for 36 characteristic gamma rays from the decay of 224Ra, 212Pb, and their progeny were determined by measuring sources calibrated for activity by means of primary methods based on well-defined high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors at both NIST and NPL. Results from the two laboratories agree with recent data evaluations, except for gamma rays with low emission intensities. The decay schemes have been re-balanced based on the new results. In addition, the half-life for 212Pb was measured using several HPGe detectors, ionization chambers, and a well-type NaI(Tl) detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - D E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - J T Cessna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - R P Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - J Mewburn-Crook
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - B E Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - L King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
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2
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Ramirez NC, Collins SM. A new determination of the 68Ga half-life and evaluation of literature data. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 203:111103. [PMID: 37977103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistencies within the 68Ga half-life dataset have been repeatedly identified in nuclear decay data evaluations performed over the past decade. In this paper, a half-life has been determined using ionisation chambers measurements and HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry (T1/2 = 67.783(27) min). The current literature has been reviewed and possible causes of discrepancy have been identified, such as neglected contaminant effects, robustness of analysis, and underestimation of systematic effects. This could lead to a significant improvement of the half-life in future evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Ramirez
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, UK.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
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3
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Collins SM, Köster U, Robinson AP, Ivanov P, Cocolios TE, Russell B, Fenwick AJ, Bernerd C, Stegemann S, Johnston K, Gerami AM, Chrysalidis K, Mohamud H, Ramirez N, Bhaisare A, Mewburn-Crook J, Cullen DM, Pietras B, Pells S, Dockx K, Stucki N, Regan PH. Determination of the Terbium-152 half-life from mass-separated samples from CERN-ISOLDE and assessment of the radionuclide purity. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 202:111044. [PMID: 37797447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Terbium-152 is one of four terbium radioisotopes that together form a potential theranostic toolbox for the personalised treatment of tumours. As 152 Tb decay by positron emission it can be utilised for diagnostics by positron emission tomography. For use in radiopharmaceuticals and for activity measurements by an activity calibrator a high radionuclide purity of the material and an accurate and precise knowledge of the half-life is required. Mass-separation and radiochemical purification provide a production route of high purity 152Tb. In the current work, two mass-separated samples from the CERN-ISOLDE facility have been assayed at the National Physical Laboratory to investigate the radionuclide purity. These samples have been used to perform four measurements of the half-life by three independent techniques: high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry, ionisation chamber measurements and liquid scintillation counting. From the four measurement campaigns a half-life of 17.8784(95) h has been determined. The reported half-life shows a significant difference to the currently evaluated half-life (ζ-score = 3.77), with a relative difference of 2.2 % and an order of magnitude improvement in the precision. This work also shows that under controlled conditions the combination of mass-separation and radiochemical separation can provide high-purity 152Tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - U Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - A P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - C Bernerd
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - S Stegemann
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Johnston
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A M Gerami
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - K Chrysalidis
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - H Mohamud
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - N Ramirez
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A Bhaisare
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - J Mewburn-Crook
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - D M Cullen
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - B Pietras
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Pells
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Dockx
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Stucki
- HEPIA, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Pommé S, Veale MC, Pooley DE, Van Assche F, Falksohn F, Collins SM. Analysis of a neutron-induced conversion electron spectrum of gadolinium. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 197:110828. [PMID: 37126950 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A 100-nm-thick gadolinium layer deposited on a pixelated silicon sensor was activated in a neutron field to measure the internal conversion electron (ICE) spectrum generated by neutron capture products of 155Gd and 157Gd. The experiment was performed at the ISIS neutron and muon facility, using a bespoke version of the HEXITEC spectroscopic imaging camera. Signals originating from internal conversion electrons, Auger electrons, x rays and gamma rays up to 150 keV were identified. The ICE spectrum has an energy resolution of 1.8-1.9 keV at 72 keV and shows peaks from the K, L, M, N+ ICEs of the 79.51 keV and 88.967 keV 2+-0+ gamma transitions from the first excited states in 158Gd and 156Gd, respectively, as well as the K ICEs of the 4+-2+ transitions at 181.931 keV and 199.213 keV from the respective second excited states. Spectrum analysis was performed using a convolution of a Gaussian with exponential functions at the low and high energy side as the peak shaping function. Relative ICE intensities were derived from the fitted peak areas and compared with internal conversion coefficient (ICC) values calculated from the BrIcc database. Relative to the dominant L shell contribution, the K ICE intensity conforms to BrIcc and the M, N, O+ ICE intensities are somewhat higher than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium.
| | - M C Veale
- Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (STFC), Oxfordshire, UK
| | - D E Pooley
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (STFC), Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - F Falksohn
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
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Kraimi N, Philip V, Zhang H, Lu J, De Palma G, Verdu EF, McCoy KD, Hapfelmeier S, Macpherson AJ, Chirdo F, Surette M, Liu F, Collins SM, Bercik P. A8 MICROBIAL ACTIVATION OF INTESTINAL DENDRITIC CELLS IS CRITICAL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NORMAL BEHAVIOR. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991164 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota affects brain development and its function. It is well known that compared with conventional mice (SPF), germ-free (GF) mice display higher exploratory behavior, which normalizes after bacterial colonization. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and first critical steps initiating microbiota-gut-brain communication, which lead to establishment of normal behavior.
Purpose
To investigate the role of immune system in the establishment of normal behavior after bacterial colonization.
Method
We assessed behavior in GF mice before and after colonization with SPF microbiota, Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) or the single bacterial strain E. coli JM83, and compared them to SPF mice, using the light-dark preference and tail suspension tests. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-Fos expression were measured by immunofluorescence in the hippocampus and amygdala. Colonic and brain gene expression were assessed using a NanoString technology. The immunodeficient MyD88-/- Ticam1- and SCID mice were used to study the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems. To demonstrate the role of the dendritic cells (DCs), we measured behavior before and after mono-colonization with E. coli JM83 in GF mice treated with cosalane and fingolimod, that inhibit DCs activation and migration, respectively. Brain levels of CD11b, CD11c and CD103 as DCs markers was assessed by immunofluorescence.
Result(s)
Compared to SPF mice, GF mice showed higher exploratory and less depressive-like behavior. The ex-germ-free mice colonized with ASF microbiota, or mono-colonized with E. coli JM83 showed similar normalization of behavior as those colonized with SPF microbiota. Mono-colonization with E. coli reduced both BDNF and c-fos levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. While colonization of GF SCID mice induced same change in behavior as in wild-type mice, GF MyD88-/-Ticam1-/- mice did not alter their behavior. Mono-colonization affected multiple genes in the colon and the brain, associated with innate immunity and neural plasticity. Treatment with both cosalane and fingolimod prevented behavioral changes after colonization, which was paralleled by absence of CD11b+CD103+CD11c+ cells in the brain, otherwise found in high numbers in control mono-colonized mice and absent in germ-free mice.
Conclusion(s)
The innate immune system, through activation and migration of intestinal dendritic cells into the brain, initiates the neuro-immune signaling within the gut-brain axis and leads to normalization of behavior after bacterial colonization. Our findings may impact several psychiatric conditions, in which altered innate immune signaling has been implicated.
Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below
CIHR, Other
Please indicate your source of funding;
Balsam Family Foundation
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kraimi
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - V Philip
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - H Zhang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - G De Palma
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - E F Verdu
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - K D McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital , Bern , Switzerland
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - S Hapfelmeier
- University of Bern, Institute for Infectious Diseases , Bern , Switzerland
| | - A J Macpherson
- Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital , Bern , Switzerland
| | - F Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunologicos y Fisiopatologicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET) , La Plata , Argentina
| | - M Surette
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - F Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton
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Rabbia V, De Palma G, Lu J, Verdu E, Armstrong H, Collins SM, Anglin R, Surette M, Bercik P. A229 GUT MICROBIOTA PROFILES, DIET AND SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AS PREDICTORS OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a debilitating chronic condition with a lifetime prevalence of 4–7% worldwide. Both diet and gut microbiota have been previously associated with anxiety.
Aims
To investigate whether bacterial taxa and/or nutrients associate with GAD, and whether they differ from those of healthy controls (HC).
Methods
Patients with GAD (n=82) and matched HC (n=97) were assessed by validated questionnaires for anxiety (DASS-21), gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (Rome III, Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia), and dietary profiles by the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies. We quantified several blood and stool biomarkers, including inflammatory and neuroactive metabolites, as well as short-chain fatty acids. Stool microbiota profiles were assessed by16S rRNA gene sequencing through Illumina. The data was then analyzed following the pipelines of dada2 and by multiple factor analysis (MFA), mean comparisons, correlation, LEfSe and XGBoost using R software (v.1.2.1335). Multiple comparison results were corrected allowing 5% of FDR.
Results
Using MFA to analyze all variables, we identified 3 clusters: one mainly composed of HC (n=99, 91% HC, GI symptoms in 25% of subjects), a second mixed cluster (n=30, 80% GAD, GI symptoms in 80%) and a third cluster mainly composed of GAD patients (n=50, 98% GAD, GI symptoms in 86%). When focusing only on the HCs of cluster 1 (n=90) and GADs of cluster 3 (n=49), we found higher GI symptoms, body mass index, serum C-reactive protein and stool calprotectin levels (adj. p=1.3x10-9, 0.001, 0.017 and 0.017, respectively) and lower concentrations of propionate, butyrate and acetate in GAD compared to HC. GADs also reported overall lower caloric intake (kJ/day; adj. p=1.7x10-4) in the food frequency questionnaire. Fibre (g/day) was the macronutrient most negatively associated with anxiety scores (R=-0.44; adj. p=4.2x10-5). Bacteroides was the only bacterial taxon significantly associated with GAD, as well as with anxiety scores (R=0.31, adj. p=0.003). Interestingly, Bacteroides/fiber ratio was strongly correlated to anxiety scores (R=0.58, adj. p=2.7x10-09). Furthermore, demographic, biomarkers and bacterial taxa data were predictive of the patients’ disease state with 92.8% accuracy. The features that aid the model to predict disease state were Bacteroides/fiber ratio, GI symptoms and stool acetate levels.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that most GAD patients differ in dietary and microbiota profiles from HCs, and that the Bacteroides/fiber ratio, stool acetate and GI symptoms might be good predictors of disease state. Furthermore, these data strongly support the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in genesis of psychiatric diseases, and they will inform mechanistic studies in gnotobiotic mouse models.
Funding Agencies
NIH
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rabbia
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - R Anglin
- Psychiatry and Medicine (Gastroenterology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Surette
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Pujo J, De Palma G, Lu J, Collins SM, Bercik P. A13 GUT MICROBIOTA MODULATES CGRP PRODUCTION BY DRG NEURONS IN FEMALE MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abdominal pain is a common complaint in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of gut function, including visceral sensitivity. Germ-free (GF) mice have been shown to display visceral hypersensitivity, which normalizes after colonization. Thus, gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of gut nociception but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Aims
To investigate the role of gut microbiota in abdominal pain.
Methods
Method: Adult female and male conventionally raised (SPF) or GF mice were used. Their visceral sensitivity was assessed by visceromotor responses to colorectal distension, at baseline (vehicle: Tween 80 10%, Ethanol 10%, saline 80%) and after intracolonic administration of a TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (30 μg), or a mixture of G-protein coupled receptors agonists (GPCR: bradykinin, histamine and serotonin; 30 μg). Neuronal excitability of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons was assessed by calcium imaging using a fluorescent probe Fluo-4 (1 mM) after stimulation with capsaicin (12.5 nM, 125 nM and 1250 nM) or GPCR agonists (0.3 μM, 3 μM and 30 μM). The neuronal production of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in response to capsaicin (1250 nM) or GPCR agonists (30 μM) was measured by ELISA.
Results
At baseline, GF male mice exhibited higher responses to colorectal distension compared to SPF males, while SPF and GF females displayed similar visceral sensitivity. In contrast, both intracolonic capsaicin and GPCR agonists increased visceral sensitivity in GF females compared to SPF females, while responses were comparable in male groups.
DRG neuronal activation after stimulation with capsaicin or GPCR agonists was similar in SPF and GF mice of both sexes. While stimulated production of SP by DRG neurons was similar in SPF and GF mice, regardless of sex, the production of CGRP in response to GPCR agonists was higher in GF female than SPF female mice.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that visceral sensitivity in vivo differs according to the gut microbiota status, sex and the activation of TRPV1 and GPCR pathways. At the level of DRG neurons, the absence of gut microbiota does not affect the neuronal activation or production of SP. However, GPCR agonists-stimulated release of CGRP is higher in GF female compared to SPF female mice. All together, our data demonstrate that the gut microbiota modulates visceral sensitivity by regulating the production of CGRP in the sensory neurons, especially in female mice. Further mechanistic studies are needed to investigate the role of gut microbiota in visceral sensitivity.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pujo
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Saqib Z, BAI X, De Palma G, Hynes A, Surette M, Bercik P, Collins SM. A6 MECHANISMS UNDERLYING GUT DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING C. DIFFICILE INFECTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859195 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recent evidence suggests an increasing prevalence of gut dysfunction following C. difficile infection (CDI). The accompanying prolonged antibiotic (AB) exposure likely contributes to chronic gut dysfunction and our ability to induce gut dysfunction in germ free (GF) mice colonized with microbiota from a patient with severe slow transit post CDI (PCDI) supports this notion (10.1093/jcag/gwz047.117). Furthermore, we were able to restore gut function following fecal microbial transfer from healthy murine donors. Our studies have implicated a role for macrophages in the destruction of the Interstitial Cell of Cajal (ICC) network underlying slow colonic transit in the humanized mouse model. These findings prompted us to evaluate microbiota-directed therapy in normalising gut function in this model.
Aims
1)To investigate whether dietary psyllium rescues the development of slow colonic transit (SCT) through modulating host function via microbiota mediated immune mechanisms; and 2)To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of psyllium
Methods
GF mice were colonized with either microbiota from the PCDI patient or healthy control (HC) for 3 weeks following which PCDI mice were treated with either a control diet or a 15% psyllium diet (PSY). Colonic motility was assessed before and after the diet intervention using the bead expulsion test. Stool samples were collected for microbial profiling, and short and branched-chain fatty acids (SCFA/BCFA) analysis. Colonic muscle layers encompassing myenteric plexus (MP) were collected for gene expression analysis and to evaluate activated macrophages and ICC degeneration using immunohistochemistry.
Results
Microbiota from a PCDI patient induced a SCT phenotype in GF mice (n=13) as compared to mice colonized with HC microbiota (p=0.0002). Psyllium rescued this SCT phenotype in mice (PCDI(n=7) vs.PSY(n=6):p=0.0014). The psyllium-induced rescue was accompanied by normalization of the ICC network and morphological alterations in infiltrating macrophages. This was supported by changes in immune-related gene expression in the MP including CD11b, NOS, Myd88, Mapk1 and NF-κB. Additionally, bacterial composition was different between PCDI and PSY group (p=0.003). SCFAs like acetic and propionic acid were increased, while BCFA like isobutyric and isovaleric acid were decreased following PSY treatment. These alterations in SCFA/BCFA were supported by fluctuations in specific bacteria like Butyricimonas, Phascolarctobacterium and Allistipes.
Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that chronic gut dysfunction following CDI and AB exposure is microbiota-driven. Furthermore, microbiota-directed therapy using psyllium could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to normalize gut function via microbiota-mediated restoration of immune homeostasis in these patients.
Funding Agencies
W. Garfield Weston Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Saqib
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - X BAI
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Hynes
- Medicine, McMaster University, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - M Surette
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Kraimi N, De Palma G, Lu J, Bowdish D, Verdu E, Sibille E, Prevot T, Collins SM, Bercik P. A14 THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA CONTRIBUTES TO AGE-RELATED MEMORY DECLINE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859314 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related deterioration of cognitive function and memory capacity occur in both humans and rodents. For example, significant memory deficits have been reported in conventionally raised (SPF) old mice compared to conventionally raised young mice submitted to a spatial memory task (Prevot et al., 2019, Mol Neuropsychiatry 5, 84–97). Microbiota-to-brain signaling is now well established in mice and humans, but the extent to which it influences age-associated memory decline is unknown. Aims Our study examines whether the intestinal microbiota contributes to age-associated changes in brain function. We address the specific hypothesis that age-associated cognitive decline is attenuated in the absence of the intestinal microbiota. Methods We assessed anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior, locomotor activity and spatial memory performance in young germ-free (GF) mice (2–3 months of age, n=24) and senescent GF mice (13–27 months old, n=22) maintained in axenic conditions, and compared them to conventionally raised (SPF) mice of the same age. Anxiety-like behavior, locomotor activity and depressive-like behavior were measured using the light-dark preference, open-field, and tail suspension tests. We also used the Y-maze test based on a spontaneous alternation task to assess cognition, with the alternation rate as a proxy of spatial working memory. The age-associated inflammation was assessed with IL-6 cytokine plasma concentrations measured by ELISA. Results Anxiety-like behavior and depressive-like behavior did not change with the age regardless of the microbial status. However, old SPF mice traveled less distance (866.8 cm) than young SPF mice (1375 cm, p < 0.01) in the open-field. Similarly, old GF mice also traveled less distance (458.9 cm) than young GF mice (875.7 cm, p < 0.0001). In contrast to old SPF mice, old GF mice did not show memory impairment in the spatial memory task. Indeed, old SPF mice displayed lower alternation rate of 58.3%, compared to that found in young SPF mice (76.9%, p < 0.05) while both old and young GF mice had an identical alternation rate of 73.3% ( p > 0.05). In addition, IL-6 plasma levels revealed that old GF mice did not show signs of age-associated inflammation that was evident in old SPF mice (3.68 vs. 13.93 pg/ml, p < 0.05). Conclusions We conclude that the absence of age-related memory deficit in old germ-free mice is consistent with a role for the microbiota in age-related cognitive decline, likely mediated via the immune system, as suggested by the absence of age-associated inflammation in germ-free mice. We propose that novel microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies may prevent or delay the cognitive decline of aging. Funding Agencies CIHRBalsam Family Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kraimi
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Bowdish
- McMaster University Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Sibille
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Prevot
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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10
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Mohan V, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Nardelli A, Borojevic R, De Palma G, Collins SM, Bercik P. A51 ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE EPISODIC NATURE OF SYMPTOMS IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859364 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex functional gastrointestinal disorder with likely heterogenous pathophysiology, multiple symptoms, and comorbidities. Growing evidence shows that the gut microbiota composition and function are altered in IBS patients. However, identifying the critical drivers of clinical expression remains challenging due to the episodic occurrence of IBS symptoms, the inherent variability in composition of gut microbiota across individuals, and high sensitivity of gut microbiota to dietary and environmental cues. Aims To identify whether changes in gut microbiota composition accompany or, predict the occurrence of symptoms. Methods 28 IBS patients (IBS-D n=20, IBS-C n=8) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were followed longitudinally for 25 weeks, collecting stool samples, and recording their symptoms weekly. Stool microbiota profiles were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina platform. The sequences were preprocessed, filtered, and annotated using DADA2 and phyloseq pipelines; statistical analyses were performed using FactomineR and microbiomeanalyst packages in R. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Multifactorial analysis of clinical data classified 950 samples in 6 clusters. Distribution of samples among the clusters was based on Bristol stool scale defining symptomatic periods (scores <3 and >4 indicating abnormal stool) and asymptomatic periods (scores 3 or 4), with several gut and mood symptoms varying significantly between the two categories. IBS-D patients, but not IBS-C patients presented with changes in symptoms severity, such as pain, diarrhea, constipation, and anxiety during the symptomatic periods. Depression scores were, however, higher in IBS-C compared to IBS-D patients. In contrast, immune makers such as fecal b-defensin-2 and calprotectin were higher during asymptomatic periods in IBS-D, but not in IBS-C patients. Bacterial diversity profiles differed among IBS patients (IBS-D and IBS-C) and HC, namely Shannon index and Bray-Curtis distance, but they did not change significantly between the symptomatic and asymptomatic periods within each subtype. Despite this, several bacterial taxa unique to each cluster were identified using linear mixed models. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the need to study patterns of co-occurrence of IBS symptoms and their severity during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods to better understand the role of identified bacterial taxa in the symptom generation. Identifying their temporal changes and cross-feeding patterns in individual patients will shed light on the underlying mechanistic role of gut microbiota in IBS, which might be otherwise obscured by group generalizations. Funding Agencies CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - A Nardelli
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Borojevic
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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11
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Balart MT, Russell L, Narula N, Bajaj G, Chauhan U, Khan KJ, Marwaha AN, Ching E, Biro J, Halder S, Tse F, Marshall JK, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Bercik P, Verdu EF, Leontiadis GI, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. Declining Use of Corticosteroids for Crohn's Disease Has Implications for Study Recruitment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021; 4:214-221. [PMID: 34617003 PMCID: PMC8489529 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids (CS) have been used extensively to induce remission in Crohn’s disease (CD); however, they are associated with severe side effects. We hypothesized that the administration of an exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) formula to CS would lead to increased CD remission rates and to decreased CS-related adverse events. We proposed to undertake a pilot study comparing EEN and CS therapy to CS alone to assess decrease symptoms and inflammatory markers over 6 weeks. Aim The overall aim was to assess study feasibility based on recruitment rates and acceptability of treatment in arms involving EEN Methods The pilot study intended to recruit 100 adult patients with active CD who had been prescribed CS to induce remission as part of their care. The patients were randomized to one of three arms: (i) standard-dose CS; (ii) standard-dose CS plus EEN (Modulen 1.5 kcal); or (iii) short-course CS plus EEN. Results A total of 2009 CD patients attending gastroenterology clinics were screened from October 2018 to November 2019. Prednisone was prescribed to only 6.8% (27/399) of patients with active CD attending outpatient clinics. Of the remaining 372 patients with active CD, 34.8% (139/399) started or escalated immunosuppressant or biologics, 49.6% (198/399) underwent further investigation and 8.8% (35/399) were offered an alternative treatment (e.g., antibiotics, surgery or investigational agents in clinical trials). Only three patients were enrolled in the study (recruitment rate 11%; 3/27), and the study was terminated for poor recruitment. Conclusion The apparent decline in use of CS for treatment of CD has implications for CS use as an entry criterion for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Balart
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Russell
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - N Narula
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G Bajaj
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Brampton Endoscopy Centre, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - U Chauhan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K J Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Ching
- GI Health Centre, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - J Biro
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Halder
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - F Tse
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J K Marshall
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G I Leontiadis
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Kraimi N, De Palma G, Lu J, Bowdish D, Verdu E, Sibille E, Prevot T, Collins SM, Bercik P. A238 ABSENCE OF AGE-RELATED MEMORY DECLINE IN GERM-FREE MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Age-associated deterioration of cognitive function and memory capacity occur in a variety of mammals, from humans to rodents. For example, significant memory deficits have been reported in conventionally raised (SPF) old mice compared to conventionally raised young mice submitted to a spatial memory task (Prevot et al., Mol Neuropsychiatry 2019). Microbiota to brain signaling is now well established in mice, but the extent to which this influences age-related memory decline is unknown.
Aims
Our project aims to determine whether the intestinal microbiota contributes to age-related changes in brain function. We address the hypothesis that age-related cognitive decline is attenuated in the absence of the intestinal microbiota.
Methods
We studied locomotor behavior and spatial memory performance in young germ-free (GF) mice (2–3 months of age, n=24) and senescent GF mice (13–27 months old, n=22) maintained in axenic conditions, and compared them to conventionally raised (SPF) mice. We used the Y-maze test based on a spontaneous alternations task to assess cognition, with alternation rate as a proxy of spatial working memory performance. The locomotor activity was measured using the open-field test.
Results
GF old mice traveled less distance (458.9 cm) than GF young mice (875.7 cm, p < 0.001) but these differences in locomotor activity did not influence spatial memory performance. Indeed, both GF old and GF young mice had an identical alternation rate of 73.3% (p > 0.05). This contrasted with the memory impairment found in old SPF mice that displayed lower alternation rate of 58.3%, compared to that found in young SPF mice (76.2%, p = 0.13).
Conclusions
We conclude that the absence of age-related memory decline in germ-free mice is consistent with a role for the microbiota in the cognitive decline associated with aging, likely through action on the immune system, well documented in SPF mice (Thevaranjan et al., Cell Host & Microbe 2017). We propose that novel microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies may delay or prevent the cognitive decline of aging.
Funding Agencies
CIHRBalsam Family Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kraimi
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Bowdish
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Sibille
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Prevot
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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13
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Pujo J, De Palma G, Lu J, Collins SM, Bercik P. A9 DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA NEURONAL RESPONSES AND SUBSTANCE P PRODUCTION ARE HIGHER IN MALE MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abdominal pain is a common complaint in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of gut function, including visceral sensitivity. Germ-free (GF) mice have been shown to display visceral hypersensitivity, which normalizes after colonization. Sex also appears to play a key role in visceral sensitivity, as women report more abdominal pain than men. Thus, both gut bacteria and sex are important in the regulation of gut nociception, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Aims
To investigate the role of gut microbiota and sex in abdominal pain.
Methods
We used primary cultures of sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of female and male conventionally raised (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice (7–18 weeks old). To study the visceral afferent activity in vitro, calcium mobilization in DRG sensory neurons was measured by inverted fluorescence microscope using a fluorescent calcium probe Fluo-4 (1mM). Two parameters were considered i) the percentage of responding neurons ii) the intensity of the neuronal response. First, DRG sensory neurons were stimulated by a TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (12.5nM, 125nM and 1.25µM) or by a mixture of G-protein coupled receptors agonist (GPCR: bradykinin, histamine and serotonin; 1µM, 10µM and 100µM). We next measured the neuronal production of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two neuropeptides associated with nociception, in response to capsaicin (1.25µM) or GPCR agonists (100µM) by ELISA and EIA, respectively.
Results
The percentage of neurons responding to capsaicin and GPCR agonists was similar in male and female SPF and GF mice. However, the intensity of the neuronal response was higher in SPF male compared to SPF female in response to capsaicin (125nM: p=0.0336; 1.25µM: p=0.033) but not to GPCR agonists. Neuronal activation was similar in GF and SPF mice of both sexes after administration of capsaicin or GPCR agonists. Furthermore, substance P and CGRP production by sensory neurons induced by capsaicin or GPCR agonists was similar in SPF and GF mice, regardless of sex. However, while the response to capsaicin was similar, the GPCR agonists-induced production of substance P was higher in SPF male mice compared to SPF females (p=0.003). The GPCR agonists-induced production of CGRP was similar in SPF male and female mice.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that at the level of DRG neurons, the absence of gut microbiota does not predispose to visceral hypersensitivity. The intensity of DRG neuronal responses to capsaicin and the GPCR agonists-induced production of substance P are higher in male compared to female mice, in contrast to previously published studies in various models of acute and chronic pain. Further studies are thus needed to investigate the role of sex in visceral sensitivity.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pujo
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Braysher E, Russell B, Collins SM, van Es EM, Shearman R, Molin FD, Read D, Anagnostakis M, Arndt R, Bednár A, Bituh T, Bolivar JP, Cobb J, Dehbi N, Di Pasquale S, Gascó C, Gilligan C, Jovanovič P, Lawton A, Lees AMJ, Lencsés A, Mitchell L, Mitsios I, Petrinec B, Rawcliffe J, Shyti M, Suárez-Navarro JA, Suursoo S, Tóth-Bodrogi E, Vaasma T, Verheyen L, Westmoreland J, de With G. Development of a reference material for analysing naturally occurring radioactive material from the steel industry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1141:221-229. [PMID: 33248656 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of naturally occurring radionuclides in blast furnace slag, a by-product of the steel industry, is required for compliance with building regulations where it is often used as an ingredient in cement. A matrix reference blast furnace slag material has been developed to support traceability in these measurements. Raw material provided by a commercial producer underwent stability and homogeneity testing, as well as characterisation of matrix constituents, to provide a final candidate reference material. The radionuclide content was then determined during a comparison exercise that included 23 laboratories from 14 countries. Participants determined the activity per unit mass for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using a range of techniques. The consensus values obtained from the power-moderated mean of the reported participant results were used as indicative activity per unit mass values for the three radionuclides: A0(226Ra) = 106.3 (34) Bq·kg-1, A0(232Th) = 130.0 (48) Bq·kg-1 and A0(40K) = 161 (11) Bq·kg-1 (where the number in parentheses is the numerical value of the combined standard uncertainty referred to the corresponding last digits of the quoted result). This exercise helps to address the current shortage of NORM industry reference materials, putting in place infrastructure for production of further reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Braysher
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - B Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - E M van Es
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - F Dal Molin
- CEFAS, Lowestoft, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - D Read
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - M Anagnostakis
- Nuclear Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - R Arndt
- IAF-Radioökologie GmbH, Wilhelm-Rönsch-Straße 9, 01454, Radeberg, Germany
| | - A Bednár
- RadiÖko Ltd., H-8200, Veszprém, Wartha Vince Str. 1/2, Hungary
| | - T Bituh
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J P Bolivar
- University of Huelva, Department of Integrated Sciences, Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), Campus El Carmen, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - J Cobb
- Jacobs, Renaissance Centre, 601 Faraday Street, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6GN, UK
| | - N Dehbi
- ASTERALIS (VEOLIA NUCLEAR SOLUTIONS), 556 Chemin de L'Islon, 38670, Chasse sur Rhone, France
| | - S Di Pasquale
- Institute for Radioelements (IRE) - Radioactivity Measurement Laboratory, Avenue de L'Espérance,1, 6220, Fleurus, Belgium
| | - C Gascó
- CIEMAT, Avda de La Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P Jovanovič
- ZVD D.o.o., Chengdujska Street 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Lawton
- UK National Nuclear Laboratory, NNL Preston, Springfields, Salwick, Lancashire, PR4 0XJ, UK
| | - A M J Lees
- Cavendish Nuclear Ltd, Greeson Court, Westlakes Science & Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria, CA24 3HZ, UK
| | - A Lencsés
- Nuclear Power Plant Paks, Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, 7030, Paks, Kurcsatov Str. 1/D, Hungary
| | - L Mitchell
- Public Health England, Centre Chemical Radiation and Environmental Hazards, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - I Mitsios
- Nuclear Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - B Petrinec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Rawcliffe
- UK National Nuclear Laboratory, NNL Preston, Springfields, Salwick, Lancashire, PR4 0XJ, UK
| | - M Shyti
- Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Tirana, Th. Filipeu, Qesarake, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - S Suursoo
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W.Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Tóth-Bodrogi
- Department of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, Bio- Environmental- and Chemical-engineering Research and Development Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Egyetem Str. 10., H-8210, Veszprém, POB 1158, Hungary
| | - T Vaasma
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, W.Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Verheyen
- SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - G de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group, Utrechtseweg 310 - B50-West, 6812, AR ARNHEM, Netherlands
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15
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Noejovich CV, Miranda PM, Collins SM, Verdu E, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A22 ADVERSE EARLY LIFE EVENTS ARE COMMON IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL AND ORGANIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stressful events in childhood have been associated with the development of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in adulthood, especially irritable bowel syndrome. The influence of early life adverse events in patients with common organic disorders, such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has been poorly investigated.
Aims
To evaluate the frequency of early life adverse events in patients with organic and functional gastrointestinal disorders compared to healthy controls.
Methods
Adult patients with an established diagnosis of IBS (Rome IV criteria), celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) attending a tertiary medical center, as well as healthy volunteers were interviewed by a psychologist. Early life adverse events were assessed during the semi-structured interview using a modified version of the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire. Number of early life events and the presence of GI and extraintestinal symptoms based on a 10-point Likert scale were quantified. Data are presented as Median (IQR) and n (%). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate.
Results
Sixty-eight patients (18 IBS, 28 celiac, 22 IBD) and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Patients with IBS, celiac disease and IBD had increased number of early life events compared with healthy controls (6.5 (4.8–8.3), 5.0 (3.0–9.0), 6.0 (4–8.3) vs 2.0 (1.0–4.0) respectively, p<0.0001). Patients reported a higher number of mental disorders in their mothers (IBS p=0.01; celiac disease p=0.01; IBD p=0.001) and increased number of close family member abusing alcohol or drugs during their childhood (IBS p=0.01; celiac p=0.02; IBD p=0.02) compared to healthy controls. History of sexual abuse was higher in patients with IBS (p=0.01), while history of verbal abuse was higher in patients celiac disease and IBD (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively) compared to healthy controls. The number of early life adverse events was strongly correlated with number of GI (r= 0.91; p=0.01) and extra-intestinal (r=0.87; p=0.02) symptoms, but not with symptoms severity. Most patients with IBS (83.3%), celiac disease (89.3%) and IBD (85.7%) reported stressful events before the onset of their disease.
Conclusions
Adverse events in childhood are frequent in patients with chronic GI disorders, both of functional and organic origin. Furthermore, stressful events often precede their diagnosis. These data strongly suggest that better psychosocial assessment in patients with chronic GI disorders is needed to improve their overall management.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Noejovich
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P M Miranda
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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16
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Hanuschak J, Louis-Auguste MP, De Palma G, Verdu E, Anglin R, Surette M, Collins SM, Bercik P. A50 TRANSFER OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE TO GNOTOBIOTIC MICE DEPENDS ON MICROBIAL FEATURES SPECIFIC TO INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 4.4% of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this disorder. Recent studies in both humans and rodents have suggested that the intestinal microbiota may play a role in depression. Altered microbiota composition has been found in a subset of MDD patients. Preclinical studies have suggested that fecal microbiota transplant using pooled MDD patient samples can induce depressive-like behaviour in rodents. We have previously shown that the use of different microbiota donors with irritable bowel syndrome results in the induction of different phenotypes in recipient mice. Thus, we have hypothesized that pooling microbiota samples abrogates features that are unique to individual donors.
Aims
(1) Investigate whether the transfer of individual MDD patient microbiota can induce depressive-like behaviour in germ-free (GF) mice
(2) Identify features of individual MDD patient microbiota that are associated with the depressive-like phenotype
Methods
GF NIH Swiss mice of both sexes (min. n=10 per group, total n=110) were colonized with either fecal microbiota from a single donor, MDD patient (MDD1-4) or matched healthy control (HC1-4), or pooled fecal microbiota from MDD1-4 or HC1-4. Mouse behaviour was assessed, using the open field test, three chamber sociability assay, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. Stool samples were collected throughout the experiment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results
Mice colonized with microbiota from patient MDD1 exhibited depressive-like behaviour, as assessed by the sucrose preference test and sociability assay, when compared to mice colonized with HC1 microbiota. This was not true for mice colonized with individual microbiota from the other three patients (MDD2-4) or with pooled MDD microbiota. Comparative analysis of the 16S data revealed a significant difference in Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity between MDD1 microbiota and pooled MDD microbiota. Four bacterial species were found to be significantly associated with the depressive-like phenotype in mice: Bacteroides acidifaciens, Bacteroides ovatus, unclassified species of Phascolarctobacterium (Veillonellacae family), and Eggerthella lenta. The relative abundances of these species did not differ significantly between the two pooled groups.
Conclusions
Microbiota from some, but not all, MDD patients can induce a depressive-like phenotype in GF mice. The ability to induce depressive-like behaviour in GF mice is lost when microbiota from multiple patients is pooled. Specific bacterial species may be responsible for the successful transfer of the depressive-like phenotype to mice.
Funding Agencies
NIH
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Anglin
- Psychiatry and Medicine (Gastroenterology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Surette
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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17
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Rabbia V, De Palma G, Lu J, Verdu E, Collins SM, Anglin R, Surette M, Bercik P. A261 MICROBIOTA PROFILES OF PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISODERS DIFFER FROM THOSE OF HEALTHY CONTROLS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mental disorders are the leading cause of disabilities worldwide, with depression and anxiety among the most common ones, affecting up to 1/3 of the worldwide population at least once in their lifetime. In both preclinical models and clinical studies, gut microbiota has been associated with altered behavior and anxiety or depression, respectively.
Aims
To investigate 1) whether the microbial profiles of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression disorder (MDD) differ from those of healthy controls (HC), and 2) whether specific bacterial taxa associate with GAD or MDD.
Methods
118 patients with primary GAD (n=82, 83.3 % female) or MDD (n=36, 62.9 % female) and 99 matched HC (66.6 % female) were recruited through the Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre. Anxiety, depression and stress levels were assessed by DASS-21 questionnaire. Stool samples were collected anaerobically and analysed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing through Illumina technique. The data was divided in 4 groups: 1) mental health disorder (MHD) combining GAD and MDD, 2) GAD, 3) MDD, and 4) HC. The data was analyzed following the pipelines of dada2 and QIIME2. RandomForest plugin for QIIME2 was used to investigate predictive characteristics of MHD, GAD or MDD microbiota. SPSS software v.23 was used to perform Spearman correlations and logistic regressions between microbial taxa and clinical scores.
Results
The mean anxiety score was 16.2 (severe anxiety) for GAD patients and 9.8 (moderate anxiety) for MDD patients; the mean depression score was 19.2 (moderate depression) for MDD patients and 16.0 (moderate depression) for GAD patients, while healthy controls averaged only 1.5 (normal anxiety) and 1.7 (normal depression) for anxiety and depression, respectively. The microbiota profile of the MHD group was predictive of the patients’ disease state with an 83.3% accuracy. In particular, increased relative abundance of Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides spp. and decreased relative abundance of Dialister spp. (Veilonellaceae), Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, were predictive of MHD. Neither the GAD or MDD group microbiota profiles alone were accurate in the prediction of the patients’ disease state. There was a positive correlation between the relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and a negative correlation between the relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto spp. and Sutterella, and the clinical scores of combined MDH and HC groups.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that patients with mental health disorders have different microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. We have identified specific bacterial signatures that will inform mechanistic studies in gnotobiotic mouse models to investigate further the role of microbiome in mental disorders.
Funding Agencies
NIH
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rabbia
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Mcmaster Unviersity, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - R Anglin
- Psychiatry and Medicine (Gastroenterology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Surette
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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18
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Bai X, De Palma G, Lu J, Collins SM, Bercik P. A118 GUT MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION FROM A PATIENT WITH SEVERE CONSTIPATION INDUCED CHANGES IN COLONIC FUNCTION AND STRUCTUR OF GNOTOBIOTIC MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota play a key role in gastrointestinal (GI) tract function. We have previously shown that fecal microbiota transplantation diarrhea predominant IBS patients into germ-free mice induces faster GI transit, increased permeability and innate immune activation. However, it is unknown whether gut dysfunction is induced by microbiota from patients with chronic constipation.
Aims
Here, we investigated the role of the intestinal microbiota in the expression of severe slow transit constipation in a patient with previous C difficile infection and extensive antibiotic exposure.
Methods
Germ-free (GF) mice (14 weeks old) were gavaged with diluted fecal content from the patient with constipation (PA) or a sex and age-matched healthy control (HC). 12 weeks later, we assessed gut motility and GI transit using videofluoroscopy and a bead expulsion test.. We then investigated intestinal and colonic smooth muscle isometric contraction in vitro using electric field stimulation (EFS), and acetylcholine (Ach) release was assessed by superfusion using [3H] choline. Histological changes were evaluated by H&E and immunohistochemistry.
Results
Mice with PA microbiota had faster whole GI transit (score 18.9 ± 0.9 (N=9) than mice with HC microbiota (15.4 ± 1.0, N=10, p=0.032), with markers located mainly in the distal small bowel and cecum. However, bead expulsion from the colon was significantly longer in PA mice (420.8 s ± 124.6 s, N=9) than in HC mice (82.6 s ± 20.0 s, N=10, p=0.026). This delayed colonic transit was likely due to colonic retroperistalsis visualized videofluoroscopically by retrograde flow of barium in the right colon of PA mice. There was no difference between the two groups in small intestinal or colonic tissues in Ach release or contractility induced by carbachol or KCl,. EFS caused transient biphasic relaxation and contraction in small intestine and colon, with the colonic contraction being stronger in the PA group. Microscopic tissue analysis showed disruption of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) network and increased lymphocyte infiltration in colonic mucosa and submucosa in PA mice.
Conclusions
These results indicate that the microbiota is a driver of delayed colonic transit in a patient whose constipation started following extensive antibiotic exposure for C. difficile infection. The observed dysmotility pattern was not due to lower muscle contractility but likely caused by immune mediated changes in the ICC network.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bai
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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19
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Saqib Z, De Palma G, Lu J, Bercik P, Collins SM. A43 β-DEFENSINS AS MARKERS OF INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS: THE NATURE OF CHANGES IN β-DEFENSINS IS DEPENDENT ON THE PROCESS UNDERLYING THE INDUCTION OF DYSBIOSIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dysbiosis may be defined as a change in the microbial composition or function that results in altered host function. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides, are part of innate immunity, and are important in host defense and maintaining homeostasis. Dysbiosis is a putative mechanism underlying the expression of many functional GI disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) for which no biomarkers exist. Previous studies have revealed increased β-defensin (β-Def) levels in IBS patients, most likely due to changes in the microbiota.
Aims
We examined the hypotheses that: 1) Changes in β-Def are dependent on the manner in which dysbiosis is induced, and that 2) the direction of the change in β-Def depends on how dysbiosis was induced.
Methods
We used 4 models of experimentally induced dysbiosis to determine changes in fecal β-Def and to characterize the microbiota composition before and during the induction of dysbiosis. We used: 1) an antimicrobial cocktail (AC) in water; 2) a high-fat/ high-sugar diet (HFHSD); 3) a high salt diet (HSD) that we previously showed to induce a pro-inflammatory microbiota; and 4) mild restraint stress (MRS). All studies were performed in C57/BL6 mice except studies using MRS that were performed in NIH Swiss mice. In the AC or dietary studies, we employed a one-week intervention preceded by one-week baseline and recovery periods. In MRS studies, mice comparisons were made between a control and a stressed group. Stool samples were collected every 24 hours and were assayed for fecal β-Def levels analysis by an ELISA and microbial composition by 16S gene profiling.
Results
Exposure to AC or dietary change, but not MRS, resulted in significant decreases in fecal β-Def. Additionally, bacterial composition and diversity profiles were different in all mice except MRS mice (control vs. MRS males: p=0.414; control vs. MRS females: p=0.96). In contrast, mice exposed to the HSD revealed a significant increase in β-Def during treatment compared to baseline in both males (p=0.025) and females (p= 0.0019). The AC mice showed the largest changes and significant correlations between changes in β-Def levels and bacterial diversity (males: p=0.013, r=0.6; females: p=0.007, r=0.6) and richness (males: p=0.0008, r=0.70; females: p=0.003, r=0.62). However, no significant correlations were found between specific bacteria and β-Def levels in the HFHSD group.
Conclusions
We conclude that directional changes in fecal β-Def levels are dependent on the manner in which dysbiosis is induced. The use of β-Def as a biomarker requires comparisons with baseline levels obtained during remission in order to identify dysbiosis presence in microbiota-associated chronic GI conditions like IBS. Such an approach will identify patient subgroups that may benefit from microbiota-directed therapies.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Saqib
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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20
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Constante M, De Palma G, Lu J, Jury J, Collins SM, Bercik P, Verdu E. A53 SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII CNCM I-745 IMPROVES ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND RESCUES DYSMOTILITY IN A HUMANIZED MOUSE MODEL OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH CO-MORBID ANXIETY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common conditions seen by gastroenterologists for which there is no effective cure. The pathophysiology of IBS is multifactorial and poorly understood, but the condition is characterized by chronic abdominal pain accompanied by altered bowel habits in the absence of an underlying structural abnormality. IBS is frequently associated with psychiatric co-morbidities such as anxiety and depression and has been considered a disorder of gut-brain communication. We previously developed a humanized mouse model of IBS with co-morbid anxiety (IBS+A) by colonizing germ-free mice with fecal microbiota of IBS+A patients.
Aims
To test the therapeutic potential of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. bou) in preventing the transfer of the IBS+A phenotype and investigated underlying mechanisms.
Methods
Germ-free Swiss-Webster mice were colonized with fecal microbiota from an IBS+A patient or from a healthy subject (controls) and after three weeks they were gavaged daily for two weeks with 3g/kg/day of the probiotic S. bou (Biocodex–France) or water. Behavior, intestinal motility and permeability were assessed at sacrifice. Potential mechanisms were assessed by microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing, gene expression by Nanostring Counter Gene Expression and indole quantification by absorption using Kovak’s reagent.
Results
IBS+A colonized mice developed 25% faster gastrointestinal transit (P<0.05) and had a 3-fold longer latency time in the step-down test (P<0.001), indicative of anxiety-like behaviour compared with controls. S. bou normalized gastrointestinal transit (P<0.05) and shortened by 50% the step-down latency (P<0.01), compared to water-treated mice. Microbiota of IBS+A colonized mice had higher abundance of Unc. Erysipelotrichaceae and Unc. Coriobacteriaceae, and lower abundance of Oscillospira, Weissela, and Fructubacillus. S. bou treatment prevented these changes and the microbiota was similar to controls. Predicted function analysis in S. bou treated mice suggested higher number of genes implicated in indole biosynthesis (P<0.05) and S. bou increased indole levels by 20% in vitro. Finally, Trpv1, a gene implicated in visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, was increased by 2-fold in IBS+A colonized mice compared with controls (P<0.001), and this was reverted by 20% (P<0.05) by S. bou treatment.
Conclusions
Our data indicate that Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 supplementation improves the intestinal and behavioral phonotype that is induced by IBS+A microbiota in mice. Putative mechanisms include regulation of indole production by bacteria and regulation of host Trpv1 gene expression. The results prompt investigation of S. bou in IBS patients with co-morbid anxiety.
Funding Agencies
Biocodex – Gentilly – France
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Jury
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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21
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Pujo J, De Palma G, Lu J, Collins SM, Bercik P. A122 THE INFLUENCE OF SEX AND THE GUT MICROBIOTA ON VISCERAL PAIN SENSITIVITY IN MICE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abdominal pain is a common complaint in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Its treatment is of limited efficacy as the pathophysiology is largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of gut function, including visceral sensitivity. Germ-free (GF) mice have been shown to have altered pain signaling, which normalizes after colonization. Sex also appears to play a key role in visceral sensitivity, as abdominal pain is diagnosed predominantly in female patients. Thus, both gut bacteria and sex are important in the regulation of gut nociception, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Aims
To investigate the role of gut microbiota and sex in abdominal pain.
Methods
We used primary cultures of sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of female and male conventional mice (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice, age 7–18 weeks. To study the visceral afferent activity in vitro, calcium mobilization in DRG sensory neurons was measured by inverted fluorescence microscope using a fluorescent calcium probe Fluo-4 (1mM). Two parameters were considered: i) percentage of responding neurons and ii) intensity of neuronal response. First, DRG sensory neurons were stimulated by a TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (12.5nM, 125nM and 1.25µM) or by an agonist mix of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR: bradykinin, histamine and serotonin; 1µM, 10µM and 100µM). We next cultured Escherichia coli JM83 (E. coli) and Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aer) overnight in LB and LDMIIG medium, respectively. Bacterial supernatant of 1010 CFU/mL was diluted to 1% in Krebs Ringer solution to treat DRG neurons from GF/SPF mice and calcium mobilization was measured.
Results
The percentage of neurons responding to capsaicin and GPCR agonist was similar in SPF male and SPF female. In contrast, the intensity of the neuronal response was higher in SPF male compared to SPF female mice in response to capsaicin (125nM p<0.035 and 1.25µM p<0.038) but not in response to GPCR. The same trend was observed in GF mice. Neuronal activation induced by capsaicin or GPCR agonist was similar in SPF and GF mice. While bacterial supernatant from E. coli did not affect the activity of sensory neurons, the bacterial supernatant from E. aer induced changes in calcium mobilization in DRG neurons.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that at the level of DRG neurons from healthy mice, female sex and the absence of gut microbiota do not predispose to visceral hypersensitivity. In fact, the intensity of neuronal responses to capsaicin appear to be higher in DRGs from male mice. Furthermore, we show that metabolites from certain bacteria can activate sensory neurons. Thus, further studies are needed to investigate the role of gut microbiota and sex in visceral sensitivity
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pujo
- Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Gastroenterology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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22
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Collins SM, Shearman R, Ivanov P, Regan PH. The impact of high-energy tailing in high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry on the activity determination of 224Ra using the 241.0 keV emission. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 157:109021. [PMID: 31889679 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High-energy tailing is an often-overlooked component in high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry when performing the non-linear least squares fit of a full-energy peak. This component comes from the incomplete restoration of the baseline prior to the next pulse being processed and therefore is an issue of increased count rates. In the current work, the impact of this oversight is shown through the dynamics and decay characteristics of 224Ra and its radioactive decay progeny. Multiple measurements of two samples, separated from the decay progeny and at differing activities, have been made. The results of full-energy peak fitting of the convoluted 238.6 keV and 241.0 keV full-energy peaks with and without the high energy tailing component are presented. Trends in the observed activity that approximate the ingrowth of 212Pb have been observed where no high-energy tailing component is used, with maximum relative differences of 2% and 5% determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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23
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Ali Santoro MC, Anagnostakis MJ, Boshkova T, Camacho A, Iljadica MCF, Collins SM, Perez RD, Delgado JU, Đurašavić M, Duch MA, Elvira VH, Gomes RS, Gudelis A, Gurau D, Hurtado Bermudez S, Idoeta R, Jevremović A, Kandić A, Korun M, Karfopolous K, Laubenstein M, Long S, Margineanu RM, Mitsios I, Mulas D, Nikolić JK, Pantelica A, Medina VP, Pibida L, Potiriadis C, Silva RL, Siri S, Šešlak B, Verheyen L, Vodenik B, Vukanac I, Wiedner H, Zorko B. Determining the probability of locating peaks using computerized peak-location methods in gamma-ray spectra as a function of the relative peak-area uncertainty. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 155:108920. [PMID: 31622844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The probabilities of locating peaks with a high relative peak-area uncertainty were determined empirically with nine types of peak-location software used in laboratories engaged in gamma-ray spectrometry measurements. It was found that it is not possible to locate peaks with a probability of 0.95, when they have a relative peak-area uncertainty in excess of 50%. Locating peaks at these relatively high peak-area uncertainties with a probability greater than 0.95 is only possible in the library-driven mode, where the peak positions are supposed a-priori. The deficiencies of the library-driven mode and the possibilities to improve the probabilities of locating peaks are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ali Santoro
- División Radioquimica Básica y Datos Nucleares, Departamento Quimica Nuclear, Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica, Argentina
| | - M J Anagnostakis
- Nuclear Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - T Boshkova
- Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridsky University of Sofia, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Camacho
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Institut de Tecniques Energetiques, Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Fornaciari Iljadica
- División Radioquimica Básica y Datos Nucleares, Departamento Quimica Nuclear, Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica, Argentina
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - R Diaz Perez
- CITIUS, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J U Delgado
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes - LNMRI, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria - IRD / CNEN, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - M Đurašavić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M A Duch
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Institut de Tecniques Energetiques, Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V H Elvira
- Laboratorio de Metrologia de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - R S Gomes
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes - LNMRI, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria - IRD / CNEN, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - A Gudelis
- Center for Physical Sciences End Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, Vilnus, Lithuania
| | - D Gurau
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, RO-0077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Hurtado Bermudez
- CITIUS, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Idoeta
- Esquela de Ingenieria de Bilbao, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Jevremović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Kandić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Korun
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - K Karfopolous
- Greek Atomic Energy Commission, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - M Laubenstein
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via G. Acitelli 22, I-67100, Assergi (AQ), Italy
| | - S Long
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, 619 Lower Plenty Road, Yallambie, 3085, Australia
| | - R M Margineanu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, RO-0077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - I Mitsios
- Nuclear Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - D Mulas
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Institut de Tecniques Energetiques, Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J K Nikolić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiation and Environmental Protection, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Pantelica
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului St., POB MG-6, RO-0077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V Peyres Medina
- Laboratorio de Metrologia de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau DR, MS8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - C Potiriadis
- Greek Atomic Energy Commission, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - R L Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes - LNMRI, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria - IRD / CNEN, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - S Siri
- División Radioquimica Básica y Datos Nucleares, Departamento Quimica Nuclear, Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica, Argentina
| | - B Šešlak
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Verheyen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - B Vodenik
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Vukanac
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiation and Environmental Protection, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - H Wiedner
- BEV - Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen, Physikalisch-technischer Prüfdienst, Arltgasse 35, 1160, Wien, Austria
| | - B Zorko
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Bobin C, Bouchard J, Chisté V, Collins SM, Dryák P, Fenwick A, Keightley J, Lépy MC, Lourenço V, Robinson AP, Sochorová J, Šolc J, Thiam C. Activity measurements and determination of nuclear decay data of 166Ho in the MRTDosimetry project. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108826. [PMID: 31525708 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Holmium-166 is a high-energy β--emitter radionuclide (~ 1.8 MeV) with a short half-life (~26.8h) that offers great potential as an alternative to 90Y for the treatment of liver cancer based on radioembolization. The possibility of quantitative Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging of the main γ-ray emission at 80.6 keV, in addition to strong paramagnetic properties suitable for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), complement this therapeutic potential. The present paper describes the measurements carried out in three European radionuclide metrology laboratories for primary standardization of 166Ho and new determinations of X- and γ-ray photon-emission intensities in the framework of the European EMPIR project MRTDosimetry. New half-life measurements were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bobin
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - J Bouchard
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V Chisté
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Dryák
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - J Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - M-C Lépy
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - V Lourenço
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Sochorová
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Šolc
- Czech Metrology Institute, Okruzni 31, 638 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - C Thiam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, (LNE-LNHB), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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25
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BAI X, De Palma G, Bercik P, Lu J, Collins SM. A59 EXPLORING THE ROLE OF MICROBIOTA IN GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X BAI
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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26
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Noejovich CV, Verdu E, Armstrong D, Moayyedi P, Collins SM, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A149 EARLY LIFE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE ARE COMMON AND ASSOCIATE WITH SEVERITY OF CONSTIPATION IN ADULTHOOD. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C V Noejovich
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Moayyedi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute-McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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27
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Thrasher D, Bercik P, Collins SM, De Palma G, Surette M, Lu J, Verdu E, Anglin R. A32 THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA AND TRACE AMINES IN A MURINE MODEL OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Thrasher
- Medical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Surette
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Anglin
- Psychiatry and Medicine (Gastroenterology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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28
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CAMINERO FERNANDEZ A, McCarville J, Zevallos V, Pigrau M, Xuechen Y, Jury J, Galipeau HJ, Casqueiro J, Murray JA, Collins SM, Alaedini A, Bercik P, Schuppan D, Verdu E. A49 LACTOBACILLI DEGRADE WHEAT AMYLASE TRYPSIN INHIBITORS (ATI) TO AMELIORATE GUT DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY IMMUNOGENIC WHEAT PROTEINS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V Zevallos
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Pigrau
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Jury
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - H J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - J a Murray
- Gastroenterology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Schuppan
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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29
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Shimbori C, De Palma G, Lu J, Verdu E, Collins SM, Reed DE, Vanner S, Bercik P. A50 MICROBIOTA-MAST CELL INTERACTIONS IN A HUMANIZED MOUSE MODEL OF IBS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Shimbori
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D E Reed
- Queens University, Kignston, ON, Canada
| | - S Vanner
- Queens University, Kignston, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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30
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Collins SM, Keightley JD, Ivanov P, Arinc A, Fenwick AJ, Pearce AK. The potential radio-immunotherapeutic α-emitter 227Th – part II: Absolute γ-ray emission intensities from the excited levels of 223Ra. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 145:251-257. [PMID: 30686576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.
| | - J D Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A Arinc
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A K Pearce
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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31
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Collins SM, Keightley JD, Ivanov P, Arinc A, Jerome SM, Fenwick AJ, Pearce AK. The potential radio-immunotherapeutic α-emitter 227Th - part I: Standardisation via primary liquid scintillation techniques and decay progeny ingrowth measurements. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 145:240-250. [PMID: 30583971 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Thorium-227 is a potential therapeutic radionuclide for applications in targeted α-radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of various types of cancer. To provide nuclear medicine departments involved in Phase I clinical trials traceability to the SI unit of radioactivity (Bq), a standardisation of a radiochemically pure 227Th aqueous solution has been performed at the National Physical Laboratory. This was achieved via two primary liquid scintillation (LS) techniques -4π(LS)-γ digital coincidence counting (DCC) and 4π LS counting. These absolute techniques were supported by the indirect determination of the 227Th activity via the measurement of the ingrowth and decay rate of the decay progeny by both ionisations chambers and high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. The results of the primary techniques were found to be consistent, both with each other (zeta score = 1.1) and to the decay progeny ingrowth measurements. An activity per unit mass of 20.726 (51) kBq g-1 was determined for the solution. A procedure has been developed that provided an effective separation of the 227Th from its decay progeny, which was shown by the effective time zero of the 227Th-223Ra nuclear chronometer measured by HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.
| | - J D Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A Arinc
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - S M Jerome
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A K Pearce
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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32
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Ignatova E, Ge Y, Nardelli AI, Calo NC, Borojevic R, Collins SM, Sanchez MIP, Verdu E, Bercik P. A281 EFFECT OF A GLUTEN FREE DIET ON SYMPTOMS IN IBS PATIENTS STRATIFIED BY ANTIGLIADIN ANTIBODIES. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Ignatova
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Y Ge
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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33
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Seiler C, Avila C, Khana R, Springer E, James C, Armstrong D, Marshall J, Collins SM, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P. A67 RAPID REDUCTION IN ANXIETY SCORES IN IBD PATIENTS AFTER INFLIXIMAB INFUSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN KYNURENINE/TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Seiler
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C Avila
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R Khana
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Springer
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C James
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Marshall
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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34
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Serkis V, De Palma G, Cocciolillo S, Pigrau M, Lu J, Verdu E, Bercik P, Collins SM. A263 IBS-D MICROBIOTA INDUCES GUT-BRAIN DYSFUNCTION BY DISRUPTING INTESTINAL NEURAL AND IMMUNE PATHWAYS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Serkis
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - M Pigrau
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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35
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Shimbori C, De Palma G, Reed DE, Pigrau M, Lu J, Zhang Y, YU Y, Jimenez-Vargas N, Sessenwein J, Lopez Lopez CD, Jaramillo Polanco JO, Verdu E, Collins SM, Lomax AE, Beyak MJ, Vanner S, Bercik P. A20 GUT MICROBIOTA-DIET INTERACTION ALTER INTESTINAL MAST CELL NUMBERS AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE HUMANIZED IBS MOUSE MODEL. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Shimbori
- Medicine, McMaster University, HAMILTON, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D E Reed
- GIDRU Wing, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Pigrau
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Y Zhang
- GIDRU, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Y YU
- GIDRU, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Sessenwein
- Neuroscience, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - C D Lopez Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - E Verdu
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - A E Lomax
- Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M J Beyak
- Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - S Vanner
- GIDRU, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Medicine, McMaster University, HAMILTON, ON, Canada
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36
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Cocciolillo S, De Palma G, Pigrau M, Lu J, Bercik P, Collins SM. A294 ROLE OF MACROPHAGE IN GUT MICROBIOTA-BRAIN SIGNALING. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Cocciolillo
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Pigrau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Lu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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37
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Noejovich CV, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Verdu E, Armstrong D, Collins SM, Bercik P. A297 FREQUENT ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH IBS AND ORGANIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C V Noejovich
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M I Pinto-Sanchez
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - E Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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38
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Tank JL, Martí E, Riis T, Schiller D, Reisinger AJ, Dodds WK, Whiles MR, Ashkenas LR, Bowden WB, Collins SM, Crenshaw CL, Crowl TA, Griffiths NA, Grimm NB, Hamilton SK, Johnson SL, McDowell WH, Norman BM, Rosi EJ, Simon KS, Thomas SA, Webster JR. Partitioning assimilatory nitrogen uptake in streams: an analysis of stable isotope tracer additions across continents. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46656 USA
| | - E. Martí
- Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC) 17300 Blanes Catalonia Spain
| | - T. Riis
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ole Worms Alle 1 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - D. Schiller
- Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - A. J. Reisinger
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA
| | - W. K. Dodds
- Division of Biology Kansas State University 106 Ackert Hall Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - M. R. Whiles
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois 62901 USA
| | - L. R. Ashkenas
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - W. B. Bowden
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont 303D Aiken Center Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - S. M. Collins
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - C. L. Crenshaw
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - T. A. Crowl
- Department of Biology Southeast Environmental Research Center Florida International University Miami Florida 33199 USA
| | - N. A. Griffiths
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - N. B. Grimm
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - S. K. Hamilton
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan 49060 USA
| | - S. L. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - W. H. McDowell
- Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA
| | - B. M. Norman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - E. J. Rosi
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA
| | - K. S. Simon
- School of Environment University of Auckland P.O. Box 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - S. A. Thomas
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska 403 Hardin Hall Lincoln Nebraska 68583 USA
| | - J. R. Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg Virginia 24601 USA
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39
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Collins SM, Leary RK, Midgley PA, Tovey R, Benning M, Schönlieb CB, Rez P, Treacy MMJ. Entropic Comparison of Atomic-Resolution Electron Tomography of Crystals and Amorphous Materials. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:166101. [PMID: 29099194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.166101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography bears promise for widespread determination of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in solids. However, it remains unclear whether methods successful for crystals are optimal for amorphous solids. Here, we explore the relative difficulty encountered in atomic-resolution tomography of crystalline and amorphous nanoparticles. We define an informational entropy to reveal the inherent importance of low-entropy zone-axis projections in the reconstruction of crystals. In turn, we propose considerations for optimal sampling for tomography of ordered and disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - R K Leary
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - P A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - R Tovey
- DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - M Benning
- DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - C-B Schönlieb
- DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - P Rez
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - M M J Treacy
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Collins SM, Shearman R, Keightley JD, Regan PH. Investigation of γ-γ coincidence counting using the National Nuclear Array (NANA) as a primary standard. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 134:290-296. [PMID: 28843735 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The National Physical Laboratory has recently been in the process of commissioning a multi-detector γ ray array - the National Nuclear Array (NANA). In this study we have sought to exploit the NANA and the excellent timing characteristics of its intrinsic LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detectors for use as a primary standardisation system. For this initial investigation, the absolute standardisation of 60Co has been performed by the γ-γ coincidence technique using NANA and the result compared to the established 4π(LS)-γ Digital Coincidence Counting (DCC) system. The effect of the angular correlation of the stretched E2 transitions emitted from the 4+→2+→0 states of 60Ni on the activity determined by NANA was observed between the pairs of detectors. Corrections for these angular correlations were derived through Monte Carlo simulations. An activity per unit mass by NANA of 330.8 (10) kBqg-1 for the 60Co solution was determined. There was no significant statistical difference between the results of NANA and the 4π(LS)-γ DCC, with a relative difference of 0.04% observed. This study shows that NANA can be used as a primary standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J D Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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41
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Bruggeman M, Collins SM, Done L, Đurašević M, Duch MA, Gudelis A, Hyža M, Jevremović A, Kandić A, Korun M, Ilie S, Lee JM, Lee KB, Luca A, Margineanu RM, Pantelica A, Serrano I, Šešlak B, Tugulan LC, Verheyen L, Vodenik B, Vukanac I, Zeng Z, Zorko B. Systematic influences on the areas of peaks in gamma-ray spectra that have a large statistical uncertainty. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 134:51-55. [PMID: 28673731 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A method is presented for calculating the expected number of counts in peaks that have a large relative peak-area uncertainty and appear in measured gamma-ray spectra. The method was applied to calculations of the correction factors for peaks occurring in the spectra of radon daughters. It was shown that the factors used for correcting the calculated peak areas to their expected values decrease with an increasing relative peak-area uncertainty. The accuracy of taking the systematic influence inducing the correction factors into account is given by the dispersion of the correction factors corresponding to specific peaks. It was shown that the highest accuracy is obtained in the peak analyses with the GammaVision and Gamma-W software.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bruggeman
- Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Kernenergie, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - L Done
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului Street, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Đurašević
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M A Duch
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Institut de Tècniques Energetiques, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gudelis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, Vilnus, Lithuania
| | - M Hyža
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - A Jevremović
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Kandić
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Korun
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - S Ilie
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului Street, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - A Luca
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului Street, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R M Margineanu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului Street, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - A Pantelica
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului Street, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - I Serrano
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Institut de Tècniques Energetiques, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Šešlak
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L C Tugulan
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Research and Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN_HH), 30 Reactorului Street, POB MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - L Verheyen
- Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Kernenergie, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - B Vodenik
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Vukanac
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Z Zeng
- Tsinghua University, Department of Engineering Physics, Beijing, PR China
| | - B Zorko
- "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ivanov PI, Collins SM, van Es EM, García-Miranda M, Jerome SM, Russell BC. Evaluation of the separation and purification of 227Th from its decay progeny by anion exchange and extraction chromatography. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 124:100-105. [PMID: 28363158 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thorium-227 is currently undergoing evaluation as a potential radionuclide for targeted cancer therapy, and as such a high chemical purity of the material is required. To establish a reliable procedure for radiochemical isolation of 227Th from the parent 227Ac and decay progeny, which includes the radiotherapeutic 223Ra, the performance of three different separation schemes based on ion-exchange and extraction chromatography have been evaluated. The results suggest that both ion exchange and extraction chromatographic techniques can be successfully used for the separation of 227Th from its decay progeny, however extraction chromatographic resins demonstrate favourable performance in terms of Th recovery and purification from radionuclide impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - E M van Es
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; Chemistry Department, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - M García-Miranda
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - S M Jerome
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - B C Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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43
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Gilhooley E, Feighery C, Collins SM. Hydroxychloroquine prescribing and monitoring practices among Irish dermatologists and rheumatologists. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:831-832. [PMID: 27868183 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Gilhooley
- Department of Dermatology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - C Feighery
- Department of Dermatology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - S M Collins
- Department of Dermatology, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Ireland
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Pommé S, Collins SM, Harms A, Jerome SM. Fundamental uncertainty equations for nuclear dating applied to the 140Ba- 140La and 227Th- 223Ra chronometers. J Environ Radioact 2016; 162-163:358-370. [PMID: 27348041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Basic equations for age dating through activity ratio measurements are presented and applied to nuclear chronometers based on parent-daughter decay. Uncertainty propagation formulae are derived which relate the relative uncertainty on the half-lives and measured activity ratios with the relative uncertainty on the calculated time of a nuclear event. Particular attention is paid to the case of relatively short-lived radionuclides for which the change in decay rate during the measurement is non-negligible. Mathematical solutions are presented to correct the perceived activity ratio and adapt the uncertainty propagation formulae to complete the uncertainty budget. The formulae have been applied to 140Ba-140La chronometry, which is particularly useful for dating a nuclear explosion through measurement of the produced activity ratio of 140La and 140Ba in a finite time interval. They were also applied to the 227Th-223Ra parent-daughter pair produced for therapeutic use. The impact of inaccuracies in the nuclear decay data on the performance of these nuclear chronometers is shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 OLW, UK
| | - A Harms
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 OLW, UK
| | - S M Jerome
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 OLW, UK
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45
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Abstract
The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic abdominal symptom complex occurring in a bowel devoid of discernible relevant pathology. There is growing interest in the role of the intestinal microbiota as a basis for the intestinal and possibly behavioral manifestations of this condition. Molecular-based microbial profiling has revealed compositional changes in the microbiota of at least a subset of IBS patients but the data are often conflicting and no microbial signature for this condition has yet been defined. Animal studies in which a previously stable intestinal microbiota is perturbed, by antibiotics or dietary change, results in alterations in intestinal function reminiscent of that seen in IBS patients. These include visceral sensitivity to painful stimuli, altered motility and intestinal barrier function as well as immune activation, and low-grade inflammation. More recent studies have shown that perturbation of the microbial composition of the gut alters brain chemistry and behavior. In a step toward establishing a causal link between an altar microbiota and gut-brain manifestations of IBS, colonization of germ-free mice with microbiota from IBS patients results in an IBS-like phenotype, including alterations and behavior if the donor exhibited psychiatric comorbidity, such as high levels of anxiety. This model provides an opportunity for exploring the mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions relevant to the pathogenesis of IBS and for developing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- The Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Centre, The Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Lorusso G, Shearman R, Regan PH, Judge SM, Bell S, Collins SM, Larijani C, Ivanov P, Jerome SM, Keightley JD, Lalkovski S, Pearce AK, Podolyak Z. Development of the NPL gamma-ray spectrometer NANA for traceable nuclear decay and structure studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:507-511. [PMID: 26795270 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a brief report on the progress towards the construction of the National Nuclear Array (NANA), a gamma-ray coincidence spectrometer for discrete-line nuclear structure and decay measurements. The proposed spectrometer will combine a gamma-ray energy resolution of approximately 3% at 1MeV with sub-nanosecond timing discrimination between successive gamma rays in mutually coincident decay cascades. We also review a number of recent measurements using coincidence fast-timing gamma-ray spectroscopy for nuclear structure studies, which have helped to inform the design criteria for the NANA spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lorusso
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - S M Judge
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - S Bell
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - C Larijani
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - S M Jerome
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - J D Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - S Lalkovski
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - A K Pearce
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Zs Podolyak
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
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48
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Aitken-Smith PM, Collins SM. Measurement of the (211)Pb half-life using recoil atoms from (219)Rn decay. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 110:59-63. [PMID: 26773817 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The radioactive half-life of (211)Pb was measured, by α-particle counting of samples of radiochemically pure (211)Pb in equilibrium with its α-emitting progeny, (211)Bi and (211)Po. The samples were prepared by the collection of (215)Po recoil atoms from the decay of the (219)Rn decay progeny produced from a (223)Ra sample onto stainless steel discs. The radioactive decay of the (211)Pb was measured utilising a 2π proportional counter operating on the α plateau. A half-life of 36.164 (13)min was determined, which is in agreement with currently available literature. A full uncertainty budget is presented. A recommended half-life of T1/2((211)Pb)=36.161 (17)min has been evaluated from the current literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Aitken-Smith
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
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Collins SM, Harms AV, Regan PH. Half-life determination of the ground state decay of ¹¹¹Ag. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 108:143-147. [PMID: 26720263 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The radioactive decay half-life of the β(-)-emitter (111)Ag has been measured using decay transitions identified using a high purity germanium γ-ray spectrometer. The time series of measurements of the net peak areas of the 96.8 keV, 245.4 keV and 342.1 keV γ-ray emissions following the β(-) decay of (111)Ag were made over approximately 23 days, i.e. ~3 half-life periods. The measured half-life of the ground state decay of (111)Ag was determined as 7.423 (13) days which is consistent with the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) recommended half-life of 7.45 (1) days at k=2. Utilising all available experimental half-life values, a revised recommended half-life of 7.452 (12) days has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - A V Harms
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Abstract
A new determination of the (109)Cd half-life was made by a time series of measurements of an aqueous sample using a re-entrant type ionisation chamber. The measurement campaign covered a period of 6 years or approximately 4.7 half-lives of (109)Cd. The resulting value of 462.1 (3) days is in good agreement with the recently published values of 462.29 (30) days and 462.3 (8) days. This new half-life determination will allow evaluators to specify a recommended value of the (109)Cd half-life making it more accurate and precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - K M Ferreira
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
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