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Minderman M, Lantermans HC, Grüneberg LJ, Cillessen SAGM, Bende RJ, van Noesel CJM, Kersten MJ, Pals ST, Spaargaren M. MALT1-dependent cleavage of CYLD promotes NF-κB signaling and growth of aggressive B-cell receptor-dependent lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 36922488 PMCID: PMC10017792 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The paracaspase mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) is a protease and scaffold protein essential in propagating B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling to NF-κB. The deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis (CYLD) is a recently discovered MALT1 target that can negatively regulate NF-κB activation. Here, we show that low expression of CYLD is associated with inferior prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients, and that chronic BCR signaling propagates MALT1-mediated cleavage and, consequently, inactivation and rapid proteasomal degradation of CYLD. Ectopic overexpression of WT CYLD or a MALT1-cleavage resistant mutant of CYLD reduced phosphorylation of IκBα, repressed transcription of canonical NF-κB target genes and impaired growth of BCR-dependent lymphoma cell lines. Furthermore, silencing of CYLD expression rendered BCR-dependent lymphoma cell lines less sensitive to inhibition of NF-κΒ signaling and cell proliferation by BCR pathway inhibitors, e.g., the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, indicating that these effects are partially mediated by CYLD. Taken together, our findings identify an important role for MALT1-mediated CYLD cleavage in BCR signaling, NF-κB activation and cell proliferation, which provides novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical potential of inhibitors of MALT1 and ubiquitination enzymes as promising therapeutics for DLBCL, MCL and potentially other B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Minderman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, Target & Therapy Discovery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hildo C Lantermans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, Target & Therapy Discovery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie J Grüneberg
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, Target & Therapy Discovery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia A G M Cillessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard J Bende
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, Target & Therapy Discovery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, Target & Therapy Discovery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, Target & Therapy Discovery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, Target & Therapy Discovery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Schouten RD, Vessies DCL, Bosch LJW, Barlo NP, van Lindert ASR, Cillessen SAGM, van den Broek D, van den Heuvel MM, Monkhorst K. Clinical Utility of Plasma-Based Comprehensive Molecular Profiling in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00450. [PMID: 34632253 PMCID: PMC8277301 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive molecular profiling (CMP) plays an essential role in clinical decision making in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis provides possibilities for molecular tumor profiling. In this study, we aim to explore the additional value of centralized ctDNA profiling next to current standard-of-care protocolled tissue-based molecular profiling (SoC-TMP) in the primary diagnostic setting of mNSCLC in the Netherlands. METHODS Pretreatment plasma samples from 209 patients with confirmed mNSCLC were analyzed retrospectively using the NGS AVENIO ctDNA Targeted Kit (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) and compared with paired prospective pretreatment tissue-based molecular profiling from patient records. The AVENIO panel is designed to detect single-nucleotide variants, copy-number variations, insertions or deletions, and tyrosine kinase fusion in 17 genes. RESULTS Potentially targetable drivers were detected with SoC-TMP alone in 34.4% of patients. Addition of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential-corrected, plasma-based CMP increased this to 39.7% (P < .001). Concordance between SoC-TMP and plasma-CMP was 86.6% for potentially targetable drivers. Clinical sensitivity of plasma-CMP was 75.2% for any oncogenic driver. Specificity and positive predictive value were more than 90% for all oncogenic drivers. CONCLUSION Plasma-CMP is a reliable tool in the primary diagnostic setting, although it cannot fully replace SoC-TMP. Complementary profiling by combined SoC-TMP and plasma-CMP increased the proportion of patients who are eligible for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Monkhorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam,
the Netherlands
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3
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Peters GJ, van Gemert FPA, Kathmann I, Reddy G, Cillessen SAGM, Jansen G. Schedule-Dependent Synergy Between the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Belinostat and the Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Pralatrexate in T-and B-cell Lymphoma Cells in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577215. [PMID: 33163492 PMCID: PMC7581941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pralatrexate (Folotyn; PLX) and belinostat (Beleodaq; BLS) are registered for the treatment of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and are being considered for other lymphomas. In this study we investigated whether BLS had the ability to potentiate the cytotoxicity of PLX. A panel of lymphoma cell lines was used for the combination studies: the B-cell SUDHL-4, SUDHL-5, HT, Jeko-1 and T-cell Karpas-299 and Hut-78. Uptake of PLX was mediated by the reduced folate carrier (RFC). PLX showed a 6-fold better RFC substrate affinity compared to methotrexate, and 2-fold better than levoleucovorin (l-LV). Sensitivity expressed as the concentration that resulted in 50% growth inhibition (IC50) after 72 hr exposure to PLX varied from 2.8 to 20 nM and for BLS from 72 to 233 nM, independent of the background of the cell lines. The interaction between BLS and PLX was studied using the median-drug effect analysis. At a fixed molar ratio between the drugs based on the IC50 concentration the average combination index (CI) for all cell lines showed additivity (CI: around 1.0). In three selected cell lines (SUDHL-4, SUDHL-5, and HT) sequential exposure (24 h pretreatment with BLS, followed by 48 h to PLX + BLS), did not improve interaction (CI: 0.9–1.4). As an alternative approach a non-fixed ratio was used by exposing SUDHL-4, SUDHL-5, and HT cells to IC25 concentrations of either BLS or PLX in combination with the other drug. Exposure to IC25 of PLX did not decrease the IC50 for BLS (CI from 0.6–1.2), but exposure to IC25 of BLS markedly increased PLX sensitivity (low CIs from 0.40 to 0.66). Mechanistic studies focused on induction of apoptosis, and showed cleavage of predominantly caspase-9 in HT and SUDHL-4 cells for both drugs at their IC50s, being similar in the combination setting. Moreover, at these concentrations, the drugs were shown to confer an S-phase arrest. In conclusion, the combination of PLX and BLS showed additivity in various lymphoma cell lines, with a schedule-dependent synergism in B-cell lymphoma. Based on these data, proficient inhibition of HDAC activity by BLS holds promise in sensitization of tumor cells to PLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Frank P A van Gemert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ietje Kathmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guru Reddy
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Saskia A G M Cillessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bontkes HJ, Jordanova ES, Nijeboer P, Neefjes-Borst EA, Cillessen SAGM, Hayat A, Mulder CJ, Bouma G, von Blomberg BM, de Gruijl TD. High myeloid-derived suppressor cell frequencies in the duodenum are associated with enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma and its precursor lesions. Br J Haematol 2016; 178:988-991. [PMID: 27341082 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hetty J Bontkes
- Pathology, VU University Medical Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Petula Nijeboer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Amjad Hayat
- Haematology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chris J Mulder
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Bouma
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Cillessen SAGM, Hijmering NJ, Moesbergen LM, Vos W, Verbrugge SE, Jansen G, Visser OJ, Oudejans JJ, Meijer CJLM. ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma is sensitive to bortezomib through Noxa upregulation and release of Bax from Bcl-2. Haematologica 2015; 100:e365-8. [PMID: 25975837 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.118828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura M Moesbergen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Wim Vos
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Otto J Visser
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Joost J Oudejans
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Department of Pathology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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6
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de Baaij LR, Berkhof J, van de Water JMW, Sieniawski MK, Radersma M, Verbeek WHM, Visser OJ, Oudejans JJ, Meijer CJLM, Mulder CJJ, Lennard AL, Cillessen SAGM. A New and Validated Clinical Prognostic Model (EPI) for Enteropathy-Associated T-cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3013-9. [PMID: 25779949 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a poor, though variable prognosis. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the prognostic index for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PIT) have limited predictive value for outcome of EATL. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic model for EATL, which can identify high-risk patients who need more aggressive therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This retrospective multicenter study was based on 92 patients and included 45 patients diagnosed with EATL between 1999 and 2009 from the Netherlands and 47 patients from England and Scotland, diagnosed with EATL between 1994 and 1998. A new EATL prognostic index (EPI) was constructed using the RPART (recursive partitioning and regression trees) procedure. Validation was performed applying the bootstrap method. RESULTS Three risk groups were distinguished (P < 0.0001): a high-risk group, characterized by the presence of B-symptoms [median overall survival (OS) of 2 months]; an intermediate-risk group, comprising patients without B-symptoms and an IPI score ≥ 2 (7 months); and a low-risk group, representing patients without B-symptoms and an IPI score of 0 to 1 (34 months). Internal validation showed stability of statistical significance and prognostic discrimination. In contrast with the IPI and PIT, the EPI better classified patients in risk groups according to their clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our new, validated, prognostic model EPI accurately predicts survival outcome in EATL and may be used for patient selection for new therapeutic strategies and evaluation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R de Baaij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M W van de Water
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michal K Sieniawski
- Hematological Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marijn Radersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wieke H M Verbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Otto J Visser
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost J Oudejans
- Department of Pathology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne L Lennard
- Hematological Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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7
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Snellenberg S, Cillessen SAGM, Van Criekinge W, Bosch L, Meijer CJLM, Snijders PJF, Steenbergen RDM. Methylation-mediated repression of PRDM14 contributes to apoptosis evasion in HPV-positive cancers. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2611-8. [PMID: 25233927 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter methylation of the transcription factor PRDM14 (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ domain containing 14) represents a highly frequent event in human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical cancers and cancer precursor lesions. Here, we aimed to assess the functional consequences of PRDM14 promoter methylation in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. PRDM14 promoter methylation, expression and consequences of ectopic PRDM14 expression were studied in HPV16-positive cervical and oral cancer cell lines (SiHa, CaSki and 93VU147T), human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293T) cells and primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFK). PRDM14 mRNA expression was restricted to HEK293T and HFK cells, and could be upregulated in SiHa cells upon DNA methylation inhibition. Ectopic expression of PRDM14 in SiHa, CaSki and 93VU147T cells resulted in significantly more apoptotic cells, as measured by annexin V labelling, compared to HEK293T and HFK cells. MRNA profiling of 41 apoptosis regulators identified NOXA and PUMA as candidate target genes involved in PRDM14-mediated apoptosis induction. Full-length PRDM14 transactivated both NOXA and PUMA promoters. Transactivation was abolished upon deletion of the PRDM14 DNA binding domain. This suggests that NOXA and PUMA expression is directly regulated by PRDM14, which in case of NOXA was linked to a consensus PRDM14 binding motif in the promoter region. Taken together, these results suggest that PRDM14 acts as a regulator of NOXA and PUMA-mediated apoptosis induction, thereby providing evidence for a tumour suppressive role in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. The contribution of methylation-mediated gene silencing of PRDM14 to apoptosis evasion in HPV-positive cancer cells offers novel therapeutic options for HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Snellenberg
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Saskia A G M Cillessen
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Wim Van Criekinge
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and BioBix, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leontien Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Peter J F Snijders
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
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8
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Sipkens JA, Hahn N, van den Brand CS, Meischl C, Cillessen SAGM, Smith DEC, Juffermans LJM, Musters RJP, Roos D, Jakobs C, Blom HJ, Smulders YM, Krijnen PAJ, Stehouwer CDA, Rauwerda JA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM. Homocysteine-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells coincides with nuclear NOX2 and peri-nuclear NOX4 activity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:341-52. [PMID: 22038300 PMCID: PMC3825580 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of endothelial cells related to homocysteine (Hcy) has been reported in several studies. In this study, we evaluated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing signaling pathways contribute to Hcy-induced apoptosis induction, with specific emphasis on NADPH oxidases. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with 0.01–2.5 mM Hcy. We determined the effect of Hcy on caspase-3 activity, annexin V positivity, intracellular NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and p47phox expression and localization, nuclear nitrotyrosine accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Hcy induced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis; this effect was concentration dependent and maximal after 6-h exposure to 2.5 mM Hcy. It was accompanied by a significant increase in ΔΨm. Cysteine was inactive on these parameters excluding a reactive thiol group effect. Hcy induced an increase in cellular NOX2, p47phox, and NOX4, but not that of NOX1. 3D digital imaging microscopy followed by image deconvolution analysis showed nuclear accumulation of NOX2 and p47phox in endothelial cells exposed to Hcy, but not in control cells, which coincided with accumulation of nuclear nitrotyrosine residues. Furthermore, Hcy enhanced peri-nuclear localization of NOX4 coinciding with accumulation of peri-nuclear nitrotyrosine residues, a reflection of local ROS production. p47phox was also increased in the peri-nuclear region. The Hcy-induced increase in caspase-3 activity was prevented by DPI and apocynin, suggesting involvement of NOX activity. The data presented in this article reveal accumulation of nuclear NOX2 and peri-nuclear NOX4 accumulation as potential source of ROS production in Hcy-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Sipkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Room 0E46, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Belt EJT, Stockmann HBAC, Delis-van Diemen PM, Bril H, Tijssen M, van Essen HF, Heymans MW, Beliën JAM, Carvalho B, Cillessen SAGM, Meijer GA. Expression of apoptosis regulating proteins identifies stage II and III colon cancer patients with high risk of recurrence. J Surg Oncol 2013; 109:255-65. [PMID: 24249458 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Deregulation of apoptosis related genes may be associated with poor outcome in cancer. Aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of expression levels of apoptosis related proteins in stage II and III colon cancer. METHODS From tumor samples of 386 stage II and III colon cancer patients, DNA was isolated and tissue microarrays were constructed. Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X, BAX, XIAP, Fas, FasL and c-FLIP was evaluated and PCR-based microsatellite instability analysis was performed. RESULTS High FasL expressing tumors were associated with high disease recurrence rates in stage II colon cancer patients overall, as was low Bcl-X expression in microsatellite stable stage II patients. In stage II patients, a multivariable model based on FasL and Bcl-XL expression revealed a significant association with disease free survival (DFS). In stage III colon cancer patients, low Bcl-2, low BAX and low Fas expression levels were associated with worse outcome. In these patients a multivariable model based on angioinvasion and Bcl-2, Fas and FasL expression was significantly associated with DFS. CONCLUSIONS Stage II patients with low Bcl-X and high FasL protein expression levels and stage III patients with low Fas, high FasL and low Bcl-2 expression could be considered as high risk for disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Turksma AW, Bontkes HJ, Ruizendaal JJ, Scholten KBJ, Akershoek J, Rampersad S, Moesbergen LM, Cillessen SAGM, Santegoets SJAM, de Gruijl TD, Leemans CR, Meijer CJLM, Hooijberg E. Exploring dendritic cell based vaccines targeting survivin for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. J Transl Med 2013; 11:152. [PMID: 23787039 PMCID: PMC3695847 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New treatment modalities are needed for the treatment of cancers of the head and neck region (HNSCC). Survivin is important for the survival and proliferation of tumor cells and may therefore provide a target for immunotherapy. Here we focused on the ex vivo presence and in vitro induction of survivin specific T cells. Methods Tetramer staining and ELIspot assays were used to document the presence of survivin specific T cells in patient derived material, and to monitor the presence and persistence of survivin specific T cells after repeated in vitro stimulation with autologous dendritic cells. Results Ex vivo analysis showed the presence of survivin-specific T cells in the peripheral blood (by tetramer analysis) and in the draining lymph node (by ELIspot analysis) in a HNSCC and a locally advanced breast cancer patient respectively. However, we were unable to maintain isolated survivin specific T cells for prolonged periods of time. For the in vitro generation of survivin specific T cells, monocyte derived DC were electroporated with mRNA encoding full length survivin or a survivin mini-gene together with either IL21 or IL12 mRNA. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining of dendritic cell cytospin preparations confirmed translation of the full length survivin protein. After repeated stimulation we observed an increase, followed by a decrease, of the number of survivin specific T cells. FACS sorted or limiting dilution cloned survivin specific T cells could not be maintained on feeder mix for prolonged periods of time. Protein expression analysis subsequently showed that activated, but not resting T cells contain survivin protein. Conclusions Here we have shown that survivin specific T cells can be detected ex vivo in patient derived material. Furthermore, survivin specific T cells can be induced in vitro using autologous dendritic cells with enforced expression of survivin and cytokines. However, we were unable to maintain enriched or cloned survivin specific T cells for prolonged periods of time. Endogenous expression of survivin in activated T cells and subsequent fratricide killing might explain our in vitro observations. We therefore conclude that survivin, although it is a universal tumor antigen, might not be the ideal target for immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies W Turksma
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center-Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Cillessen SAGM, Meijer CJLM, Notoya M, Ossenkoppele GJ, Oudejans JJ. Molecular targeted therapies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on apoptosis profiles. J Pathol 2010; 220:509-20. [PMID: 20087881 DOI: 10.1002/path.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is treated with chemotherapy in combination with rituximab. Despite this aggressive therapy, the disease is fatal in 30-40% of patients. Inhibition of the apoptosis signalling pathways is strongly related to response to chemotherapy and eventual clinical outcome. In order to survive, lymphoma cells depend on disruption of the apoptosis pathway by mutations in apoptosis inducing genes or by continuous expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. The development of molecules targeting these apoptosis inhibitors provides a very promising opportunity to specifically target tumour cells without toxicity to non-malignant cells in DLBCL patients. Sensitivity for most of these antagonists can be predicted based on biological markers, suggesting the possibility of pre-defining patients who will most likely benefit from these targeted therapies. Experimental therapies aimed at restoring the upstream apoptosis pathway or targeting apoptosis inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials and are expected to be effective particularly in chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL, providing hope for patients who are refractory to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A G M Cillessen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van de Water JMW, Cillessen SAGM, Visser OJ, Verbeek WHM, Meijer CJLM, Mulder CJJ. Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma and its precursor lesions. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24:43-56. [PMID: 20206108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathy Associated T-cell Lymphoma (EATL) is an intestinal tumour of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Based on morphology, immunohistochemistry and genetic profile EATL can be divided into two groups. EATL type I is a large cell lymphoma which is highly associated with Coeliac Disease (CD) and mostly presents with malabsorption, weight loss and CD-related symptoms. EATL type II consists of small to medium-sized cells and presents often with obstruction or perforation of the small bowel. This type of EATL has no known association with CD. When EATL has been diagnosed a thorough diagnostic work-up is needed. This work-up preferably includes video capsule enteroscopy (VCE), double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), computed tomography (CT) combined with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan (18F-FDG-PET scan) if possible and magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE). Nowadays, most EATL patients are treated with chemotherapy mostly preceded by resection of the tumour and followed by stem cell transplantation. Despite these therapies outcome of EATL remains very poor with a 5-year survival of 8-20%. In order to improve survival prospective multicentre trials, studying new therapies are needed. The combination of chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies and/or apoptosis inducing small molecules might be a potential treatment for EATL in the (nearby) future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda M W van de Water
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Cillessen SAGM, Hess CJ, Hooijberg E, Castricum KCM, Kortman P, Denkers F, Vos W, van de Wiel MA, Schuurhuis GJ, Ossenkoppele GJ, Meijer CJLM, Oudejans JJ. Inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway downstream of caspase-9 activation causes chemotherapy resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:7012-21. [PMID: 18056177 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibition of the apoptosis cascade is an important cause of therapy resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). In this study, we investigated possible mechanisms and expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the apoptosis pathway that may be responsible for differences in chemotherapy sensitivity between DLBCL patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-eight DLBCL patient samples were investigated for their expression levels of apoptosis-related genes using reverse transcription-multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis. Functional analysis of the intrinsic, caspase-9-mediated pathway was done using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Two DLBCL groups were identified: one with low expression levels of both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes and one group with high expression levels of these genes. DLBCL with high expression levels of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes frequently seemed to be refractory to clinical chemotherapy. Functional analysis in these latter DLBCL samples and DLBCL cell lines with comparable expression profiles revealed high levels of spontaneous caspase-9 activity without induction of apoptosis, indicating disruption of the apoptosis pathway downstream of caspase-9 activation. This disruption of the apoptosis pathway could be restored using a small-molecule XIAP antagonist. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the intrinsic, caspase-9-mediated apoptosis pathway is constitutively activated in part of chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL with concomitant downstream inhibition of the convergence apoptosis pathway and that inhibition of XIAP might be an alternative therapy for chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A G M Cillessen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Oudejans JJ, Muris JJF, Cillessen SAGM, Meijer CJLM. T-cell response in B-cell lymphomas: favorable or unfavorable? Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2514; author reply 2515-6. [PMID: 18413849 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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van Houdt IS, Muris JJ, Hesselink AT, Kramer D, Cillessen SAGM, Moesbergen LM, Vos W, Hooijberg E, Meijer CJLM, Kummer JA, Oudejans JJ. Expression of c-FLIP is primarily detected in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma and correlates with lack of caspase 8 activation. Histopathology 2007; 51:778-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sipkens JA, Krijnen PAJ, Meischl C, Cillessen SAGM, Smulders YM, Smith DEC, Giroth CPE, Spreeuwenberg MD, Musters RJP, Muller A, Jakobs C, Roos D, Stehouwer CDA, Rauwerda JA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM. Homocysteine affects cardiomyocyte viability: concentration-dependent effects on reversible flip-flop, apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis 2007; 12:1407-18. [PMID: 17440815 PMCID: PMC1914234 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHC) is thought to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease including heart failure. While numerous studies have analyzed the role of homocysteine (Hcy) in the vasculature, only a few studies investigated the role of Hcy in the heart. Therefore we have analyzed the effects of Hcy on isolated cardiomyocytes. METHODS H9c2 cells (rat cardiomyoblast cells) and adult rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with Hcy and were analyzed for cell viability. Furthermore, we determined the effects of Hcy on intracellular mediators related to cell viability in cardiomyocytes, namely NOX2, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi (m)) and ATP concentrations. RESULTS We found that incubation of H9c2 cells with 0.1 mM D,L-Hcy (= 60 microM L-Hcy) resulted in an increase of DeltaPsi (m) as well as ATP concentrations. 1.1 mM D,L-Hcy (= 460 microM L-Hcy) induced reversible flip-flop of the plasma membrane phospholipids, but not apoptosis. Incubation with 2.73 mM D,L-Hcy (= 1.18 mM L-Hcy) induced apoptosis and necrosis. This loss of cell viability was accompanied by a thread-to-grain transition of the mitochondrial reticulum, ATP depletion and nuclear NOX2 expression coinciding with ROS production as evident from the presence of nitrotyrosin residues. Notably, only at this concentration we found a significant increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine which is considered the primary culprit in HHC. CONCLUSION We found concentration-dependent effects of Hcy in cardiomyocytes, varying from induction of reversible flip-flop of the plasma membrane phospholipids, to apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Sipkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Room 0E46, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
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17
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Meischl C, Krijnen PAJ, Sipkens JA, Cillessen SAGM, Muñoz IG, Okroj M, Ramska M, Muller A, Visser CA, Musters RJP, Simonides WS, Hack CE, Roos D, Niessen HWM. Ischemia induces nuclear NOX2 expression in cardiomyocytes and subsequently activates apoptosis. Apoptosis 2007; 11:913-21. [PMID: 16544099 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-6304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In previous work we have demonstrated increased expression of NOX2 in cardiomyocytes of infarcted human hearts. In the present manuscript we investigated the functional role of NOX2 in ischemically challenged H9c2 cells, a rat cardiomyoblast cell line, and adult rat cardiomyocytes. Expression of NOX2 in H9c2 cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. In Western-blot experiments, increased NOX2 expression was detected during ischemia, which was inhibited by transcription and translation inhibitors. Surprisingly, under ischemia, in addition to an increased cytosolic expression, NOX2 was localized mainly in the nucleus of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, where it colocalized with nitrotyrosine residues and activated caspase 3. Inhibition of reactive-oxygen-species generation with the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin led to a significantly decreased induction of apoptosis as assessed by quantification of caspase-3 activity and by TUNEL analysis. These results demonstrate that NOX2 is expressed in the nucleus of cardiomyocytes during apoptosis and that it likely participates in proapoptotic signaling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of nuclear NOX2 expression and its involvement in cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meischl
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Muris JJF, Ylstra B, Cillessen SAGM, Ossenkoppele GJ, Kluin-Nelemans JC, Eijk PP, Nota B, Tijssen M, de Boer WPH, van de Wiel M, van den Ijssel PRLA, Jansen P, de Bruin PC, van Krieken JHJM, Meijer GA, Meijer CJLM, Oudejans JJ. Profiling of apoptosis genes allows for clinical stratification of primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2006; 136:38-47. [PMID: 17062006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance of lymphoma cells to apoptosis is a probable mechanism causing chemotherapy resistance and eventual fatal outcome in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). We investigated whether microarray expression profiling of apoptosis related genes predicts clinical outcome in 46 patients with primary nodal DLBCL. Unsupervised cluster analysis using genes involved in apoptosis (n = 246) resulted in three separate DLBCL groups partly overlapping with germinal centre B-lymphocytes versus activated B-cells like phenotype. One group with poor clinical outcome was characterised by high expression levels of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes involved in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. A second group, also with poor clinical outcome, was characterised by high levels of apoptosis inducing cytotoxic effector genes, possibly reflecting a cellular cytotoxic immune response. The third group showing a favourable outcome was characterised by low expression levels of genes characteristic for both other groups. Our results suggest that chemotherapy refractory DLBCL are characterised either by an intense cellular cytotoxic immune response or by constitutive activation of the intrinsic mediated apoptosis pathway with concomitant downstream inhibition of this apoptosis pathway. Consequently, strategies neutralising the function of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins might be effective as alternative treatment modality in part of chemotherapy refractory DLBCL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cluster Analysis
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Granzymes/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- J J F Muris
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Cillessen SAGM, Meijer CJLM, Ossenkoppele GJ, Castricum KCM, Westra AH, Niesten P, Muris JJF, Nijdam HF, van der Hem KG, Flens M, Hooijberg E, Oudejans JJ. Human soluble TRAIL/Apo2L induces apoptosis in a subpopulation of chemotherapy refractory nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, determined by a highly sensitive in vitro apoptosis assay. Br J Haematol 2006; 134:283-93. [PMID: 16848771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy in therapy-refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) is related to inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Human soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (hsTRAIL/Apo2L) induces apoptosis via the alternative, death-receptor mediated apoptosis pathway and might be an effective alternative form of therapy for these lymphomas. This study investigated whether hsTRAIL/Apo2L could actually induce apoptosis in isolated lymphoma cells of DLBCL biopsies of patients with chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL. Twelve out of a total of 22 DLBCL samples were sensitive to hsTRAIL/Apo2L. These sensitive lymphomas included seven clinically chemotherapy-refractory lymphomas. Furthermore, hsTRAIL/Apo2L induced apoptosis in DLBCL cells and in B-cell lines that showed high expression levels of inhibitors of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway: Bcl-2 and/or X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). hsTRAIL/Apo2L-sensitive lymphoma cells showed expression of the TRAIL receptors R1 and/or R2 and absence of R3 and R4. We conclude that hsTRAIL/Apo2L induced apoptosis in a subpopulation of chemotherapy-refractory nodal DLBCL and that disruption of the intrinsic apoptosis-mediated pathway and expression of Bcl-2 and XIAP did not confer resistance to hsTRAIL/Apo2L-induced apoptosis in DLBCL. Thus, based on our results, further exploration of hsTRAIL/Apo2L as an alternative treatment for patients with chemotherapy-refractory DLBCL should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A G M Cillessen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU Universrity Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Krijnen PAJ, Cillessen SAGM, Manoe R, Muller A, Visser CA, Meijer CJLM, Musters RJP, Hack CE, Aarden LA, Niessen HWM. Clusterin: a protective mediator for ischemic cardiomyocytes? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H2193-202. [PMID: 15994859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00355.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between clusterin and activated complement in human heart infarction and evaluated the effect of this protein on ischemic rat neonatal cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) and isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes as in vitro models of acute myocardial infarction. Clusterin protects cells by inhibiting complement and colocalizes with complement on jeopardized human cardiomyocytes after infarction. The distribution of clusterin and complement factor C3d was evaluated in the infarcted human heart. We also analyzed the protein expression of clusterin in ischemic H9c2 cells. The binding of endogenous and purified human clusterin on H9c2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of clusterin on the viability of ischemically challenged H9c2 cells and isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes was analyzed. In human myocardial infarcts, clusterin was found on scattered, morphologically viable cardiomyocytes within the infarcted area that were negative for complement. In H9c2 cells, clusterin was rapidly expressed after ischemia. Its expression was reduced after reperfusion. Clusterin bound to single annexin V-positive or annexin V and propidium iodide-positive H9c2 cells. Clusterin inhibited ischemia-induced death in H9c2 cells as well as in isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes in the absence of complement. We conclude that ischemia induces the upregulation of clusterin in ischemically challenged, but viable, cardiomyocytes. Our data suggest that clusterin protects cardiomyocytes against ischemic cell death via a complement-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A J Krijnen
- VU Univ. Medical Center, Dept. of Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Oudejans JJ, Harijadi A, Cillessen SAGM, Busson P, Tan IB, Dukers DF, Vos W, Hariwiyanto B, Middeldorp J, Meijer CJLM. Absence of caspase 3 activation in neoplastic cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies predicts rapid fatal outcome. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:877-85. [PMID: 15803189 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients may result from resistance to the apoptosis-inducing effect of radio- and/or chemotherapy. Apoptosis depends on proper activation of caspase 3, resulting in cleavage of key proteins like PARP-1. To investigate whether disruption of the apoptosis pathway results in therapy-resistant tumour cells, we investigated whether absence of caspase 3 activation in tumour biopsies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients is related to poor clinical outcome. Moreover, we investigated whether absence of caspase 3 activation is related to loss of procaspase 3 expression or expression of the apoptosis regulators p53, bcl-2 and XIAP. We studied 36 Indonesian nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients without evidence of distant metastases who were treated with curative intent by radiotherapy only. Activation of caspase 3 and expression of the different markers were determined using specific antibodies. Levels of caspase 3 activation were determined by quantifying positively staining tumour cells. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived C15 and C17 tumour cells were used as control. Absence of caspase 3 activation was strongly related to a poor clinical response to radiotherapy and to a higher T and N stage, resulting in a particularly poor clinical outcome with regard to progression-free (P<0.0001) and overall survival time (P<0.0001). Absence of caspase 3 activation was significantly correlated to loss of expression of procaspase 3 (P=0.04). In nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with curative intent, absence of active caspase 3-positive neoplastic cells predicts rapid fatal outcome, and is associated with poor response to radiotherapy and high T and N stage at time of presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J Oudejans
- Department of Pathology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Muris JJF, Cillessen SAGM, Vos W, van Houdt IS, Kummer JA, van Krieken JHJM, Jiwa NM, Jansen PM, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Ossenkoppele GJ, Gundy C, Meijer CJLM, Oudejans JJ. Immunohistochemical profiling of caspase signaling pathways predicts clinical response to chemotherapy in primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2005; 105:2916-23. [PMID: 15576477 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe used biopsy specimens of primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to investigate whether the inhibition of caspase 8 and/or 9 apoptosis signaling pathways predicts clinical outcome. Expression levels of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-Flip) and numbers of active caspase 3-positive lymphoma cells were used to determine the status of the caspase 8-mediated pathway. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) were used to determine the status of the caspase 9-mediated pathway. Expression of c-Flip, XIAP, Bcl-2, and caspase 3 activity all provided prognostic information. According to these immunohistochemical parameters, inhibition of either or both caspase signaling pathways was detected in all patients. Three groups of patients were identified, one with a caspase 8 inhibition profile, one with caspase 8 and 9 inhibition profiles, and one with a caspase 9 inhibition profile. Caspase 9 inhibition was strongly associated with poor response to chemotherapy and usually with fatal outcome, whereas caspase 8 inhibition was associated with excellent clinical outcome. Thus, our data strongly suggest that inhibition of the caspase 9-mediated pathway, but not the caspase 8-mediated pathway, is a major cause for therapy resistance in patients with nodal DLBCL.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein
- Caspase 3
- Caspase 8
- Caspase 9
- Caspases/metabolism
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Treatment Outcome
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Jettie J F Muris
- Department of Clinical Pathology, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Muris JJF, Meijer CJLM, Cillessen SAGM, Vos W, Kummer JA, Bladergroen BA, Bogman MJJT, MacKenzie MA, Jiwa NM, Siegenbeek van Heukelom LH, Ossenkoppele GJ, Oudejans JJ. Prognostic significance of activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 2003; 18:589-96. [PMID: 14712286 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unpredictable, despite the identification of clinical prognostic parameters. Here, we investigated in pretreatment biopsies of 70 patients with DLBCL whether numbers of activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), as determined by the percentage of CD3-positive lymphocytes with granzyme B (GrB) expression, have similar prognostic value as found earlier in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and whether loss of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I molecules or expression of the GrB antagonist protease inhibitor 9 (PI9) may explain immune escape from CTL-mediated cell death. Independent of the International Prognostic Index (IPI), the presence of >/=15% activated CTLs was strongly associated with failure to reach complete remission, with a poor progression-free and overall survival time. Downregulation of MHC-I light- and/or heavy-chain expression was found in 41% of interpretable cases and in 19 of 56 interpretable cases PI9 expression was detected. We conclude that a high percentage of activated CTLs is a strong, IPI independent, indicator for an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with primary nodal DLBCL. Although in part of DLBCL expression of PI9 and loss of MHC-I expression was found, providing a possible immune-escape mechanism in these cases, no correlation with clinical outcome was found.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Female
- Genes, MHC Class I/physiology
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Male
- Microtubule Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Stathmin
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- J J F Muris
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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