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Prakash G, Chandankhede U, Nadkarni S, Pal M, Arora A, Gujela A, Bakshi G. The Belly-Up technique for pericaval nodal dissection in RPLND - Saving caval resections and reconstructions. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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2
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Parada G, Yu Y, Riley W, Lojovich S, Tshikudi D, Ling Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ling L, Yang Y, Nadkarni S, Nabzdyk C, Zhao X. Ultrathin and Robust Hydrogel Coatings on Cardiovascular Medical Devices to Mitigate Thromboembolic and Infectious Complications. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001116. [PMID: 32940970 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic and infectious complications stemming from the use of cardiovascular medical devices are still common and result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is no strategy to date that effectively addresses both challenges at the same time. Various surface modification strategies (e.g., silver, heparin, and liquid-impregnated surfaces) are proposed yet each has several limitations and shortcomings. Here, it is shown that the incorporation of an ultrathin and mechanically robust hydrogel layer reduces bacterial adhesion to medical-grade tubing by 95%. It is additionally demonstrated, through a combination of in vitro and in vivo tests, that the hydrogel layer significantly reduces the formation and adhesion of blood clots to the tubing without affecting the blood's intrinsic clotting ability. The adhesion of clots to the tubing walls is reduced by over 90% (in vitro model), which results in an ≈60% increase in the device occlusion time (time before closure due to clot formation) in an in vivo porcine model. The advantageous properties of this passive coating make it a promising surface material candidate for medical devices interfacing with blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Parada
- Chemical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - William Riley
- Perfusion Services Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Sarah Lojovich
- Perfusion Services Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Diane Tshikudi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Qing Ling
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Yefang Zhang
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Lei Ling
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Seemantini Nadkarni
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Christoph Nabzdyk
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Rochester MN 55902 USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Otsuka K, Villiger M, van Zandvoort L, Neleman T, Karanasos A, Dijkstra J, Regar E, Nadkarni S, Daemen J, Bouma B. POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES OF VASCULAR TISSUE RESPONSE FOLLOWING DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Otsuka K, Villiger M, van Zandvoort L, Neleman T, Karanasos A, Dijkstra J, Nadkarni S, Regar E, Daemen J, Bouma B. FIBROUS CAP COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE OR CHRONIC CORONARY SYNDROMES: INSIGHTS FROM INTRAVASCULAR POLARIMETRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)30667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Stephenson E, Coe D, Nadkarni S, Cheung KCP, Lota AS, Savvatis K, Prasad SK, Mohiddin SA, Marelli-Berg FM. P4527c-Met as a novel T-cell marker in patients with acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Stephenson
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Biochemical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Coe
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Biochemical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Nadkarni
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Biochemical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - K C P Cheung
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Biochemical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - A S Lota
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Savvatis
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S K Prasad
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S A Mohiddin
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - F M Marelli-Berg
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Biochemical Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pei
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Seemantini Nadkarni
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane (QUT), QLD 4001, Australia.
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Nadkarni S, Dalli J, Hollywood J, Mason JC, Dasgupta B, Perretti M. 15. Neutrophils in GCA. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Villiger M, Zhang EZ, Nadkarni S, Oh WY, Bouma BE, Vakoc BJ. Artifacts in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography caused by polarization mode dispersion. Opt Lett 2013; 38:923-5. [PMID: 23503261 PMCID: PMC3657722 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) severely degrades images of biological tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. It adds a bias to the local retardation value that can be spatially confined, resulting in regions of seemingly high sample birefringence that are purely artificial. Here, we demonstrate and analyze this effect, both experimentally and with numerical simulations, and show that artifacts can be avoided by limiting the system PMD to less than the system axial resolution. Even then, spatial averaging over a dimension larger than that characteristic of speckle is required to remove a PMD-induced bias of the local retardation values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Tearney GJ, Regar E, Akasaka T, Adriaenssens T, Barlis P, Bezerra HG, Bouma B, Bruining N, Cho JM, Chowdhary S, Costa MA, de Silva R, Dijkstra J, Di Mario C, Dudek D, Dudeck D, Falk E, Falk E, Feldman MD, Fitzgerald P, Garcia-Garcia HM, Garcia H, Gonzalo N, Granada JF, Guagliumi G, Holm NR, Honda Y, Ikeno F, Kawasaki M, Kochman J, Koltowski L, Kubo T, Kume T, Kyono H, Lam CCS, Lamouche G, Lee DP, Leon MB, Maehara A, Manfrini O, Mintz GS, Mizuno K, Morel MA, Nadkarni S, Okura H, Otake H, Pietrasik A, Prati F, Räber L, Radu MD, Rieber J, Riga M, Rollins A, Rosenberg M, Sirbu V, Serruys PWJC, Shimada K, Shinke T, Shite J, Siegel E, Sonoda S, Sonada S, Suter M, Takarada S, Tanaka A, Terashima M, Thim T, Troels T, Uemura S, Ughi GJ, van Beusekom HMM, van der Steen AFW, van Es GA, van Es GA, van Soest G, Virmani R, Waxman S, Weissman NJ, Weisz G. Consensus standards for acquisition, measurement, and reporting of intravascular optical coherence tomography studies: a report from the International Working Group for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Standardization and Validation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:1058-72. [PMID: 22421299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1289] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this document is to make the output of the International Working Group for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IWG-IVOCT) Standardization and Validation available to medical and scientific communities, through a peer-reviewed publication, in the interest of improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atherosclerosis, including coronary artery disease. BACKGROUND Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is a catheter-based modality that acquires images at a resolution of ~10 μm, enabling visualization of blood vessel wall microstructure in vivo at an unprecedented level of detail. IVOCT devices are now commercially available worldwide, there is an active user base, and the interest in using this technology is growing. Incorporation of IVOCT in research and daily clinical practice can be facilitated by the development of uniform terminology and consensus-based standards on use of the technology, interpretation of the images, and reporting of IVOCT results. METHODS The IWG-IVOCT, comprising more than 260 academic and industry members from Asia, Europe, and the United States, formed in 2008 and convened on the topic of IVOCT standardization through a series of 9 national and international meetings. RESULTS Knowledge and recommendations from this group on key areas within the IVOCT field were assembled to generate this consensus document, authored by the Writing Committee, composed of academicians who have participated in meetings and/or writing of the text. CONCLUSIONS This document may be broadly used as a standard reference regarding the current state of the IVOCT imaging modality, intended for researchers and clinicians who use IVOCT and analyze IVOCT data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo J Tearney
- The Massachusetts General Hospital and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Fornazzari L, Castle T, Nadkarni S, Ambrose M, Miranda D, Apanasiewicz N, Phillips F. Preservation of episodic musical memory in a pianist with Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2006; 66:610-1. [PMID: 16505330 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000198242.13411.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Fornazzari
- Multilingual Multicultural Memory Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Chan R, Chau A, Karl W, Nadkarni S, Khalil A, Iftimia N, Shishkov M, Tearney G, Kaazempur-Mofrad M, Bouma B. OCT-based arterial elastography: robust estimation exploiting tissue biomechanics. Opt Express 2004; 12:4558-72. [PMID: 19484007 DOI: 10.1364/opex.12.004558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel multi-resolution variational framework for vascular optical coherence elastography (OCE). This method exploits prior information about arterial wall biomechanics to produce robust estimates of tissue velocity and strain, reducing the sensitivity of conventional tracking methods to both noise- and strain-induced signal decorrelation. The velocity and strain estimation performance of this new estimator is demonstrated in simulated OCT image sequences and in benchtop OCT scanning of a vascular tissue sample.
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12
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Nadkarni S, Brown PW, van Beek EJ, Collins MC. Herniography: a prospective, randomized study between midline and left iliac fossa puncture techniques. Clin Radiol 2001; 56:389-92. [PMID: 11384137 DOI: 10.1053/crad.2000.0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether an optimal site of injection exists for herniography. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized study of 93 consecutive patients who were referred for herniography over a period of 9 months. Patients underwent either a left iliac fossa (LIF) or midline puncture. Parameters assessed included initial adequate needle placement, complications, pain scores and body mass index (BMI). The groups were compared using Chi-squared test for categorical data, Student's t-test for continuous data and the Mann-WhitneyU-test for skewed data, withP < 0.05 considered statistically significant RESULTS Four complications were encountered (4%), and these were equally distributed between the two groups. Adequate initial positioning of the needle was similar in both groups. The volume of local anaesthetic used was correlated with discomfort using a pain scale: a volume of >6 ml resulted in significantly more pain. More frequent initial adequate needle placement was observed in thin patients (BMI < 45 kg/m(2)) with experienced operators. Conversely, increased body mass index resulted in more difficult needle placement. CONCLUSION Herniography is a safe procedure with few complications. There was no significant difference comparing the midline and LIF approaches.Nadkarni, S.et al. (2001). Clinical Radiology56, 389-392.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadkarni
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, U.K
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sargeant
- Continuing Medical Education, Clinical Research Centre , Halifax, NS, Canada.
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14
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Abstract
The effectiveness of a modified Gallie technique versus Magerl and Seeman transarticular screw fixation was compared in the management of 27 patients with symptomatic atlantoaxial instability. Twelve patients were treated using a modified Gallie technique and postoperative halo vest immobilization. Atlantoaxial arthrodesis occurred in seven (58%) patients, stable fibrous union occurred in one patient, and pseudarthrosis with recurrent instability developed in four (33%) patients. Average followup was 6.9 years. All 15 patients treated using Magerl and Seeman transarticular screw fixation and postoperative soft collar immobilization had atlantoaxial arthrodesis develop. Average duration of followup was 4 years. One patient sustained vertebral artery injury during preparation for screw placement. Magerl and Seeman transarticular screw fixation provides stability and more reliably produces atlantoaxial arthrodesis than the Gallie technique provides in patients with atlantoaxial instability without the need for rigid postoperative bracing. Potential for vertebral artery exists despite apparent accurate screw placement. To ensure that safe transarticular screw placement is possible, preoperative fine cut axial computed tomography with reconstructions is required to assess vertebral artery position and C2 isthmus anatomy. A proportion of patients have anatomy unsuitable for screw placement. Traditional wiring techniques are indicated in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Farey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Nadkarni S, Allen LC. Comparison of the Ames, Randox and Roche methods with the Synermed method for the determination of serum iron concentrations on nondialysis and dialysis specimens. Clin Biochem 1998; 31:89-94. [PMID: 9622771 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(97)00173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the Ames, Randox, Roche, and Synermed methods for the measurement of serum iron and to investigate patterns of possibly discrepant results in dialysis patients. METHODS Assays were performed on the Cobas Fara II analyzer. Precision and accuracy studies were conducted; recovery studies were done by adding pooled serum from dialysis patients to an assayed human serum-based control. Patient comparisons included over 150 nondialysis patients and 30 dialysis patients. RESULTS For the Ames, Randox, Roche and Synermed methods, the between-run precision was less than 2.80% with the normal aqueous iron standard; 2.00, 2.70, 0.80, and 2.00% for the four methods with the high serum iron control, respectively, and less than 2.30% with the serum pool. Using a pooled serum from dialysis patients, between-run precision was higher with all four methods. With an abnormal assayed human serum-based control, accuracy was over 98% for the four methods. Recoveries were 121% for the Ames and Randox methods and 104-105% for the Roche and Synermed methods. Accuracy as assessed with Murex EQAS specimens ranged from 71 to 80%, 71 to 96%, 98 to 99.5%, and 42 to 50% for the four methods, respectively. For comparisons of the Ames, Randox, and Roche methods with the Synermed method, difference analyses revealed biases (SD) for nondialysis patients of 1.9 (2.7), 1.5 (3.3), and 1.8 (2.2) mumol/L, respectively; and for dialysis patients of 8.2 (13.3), 5.1 (5.4), and 1.4 (1.7) mumol/L. Standard linear regression analyses and correlation coefficients are also provided. CONCLUSIONS The Roche method was slightly more precise than the other methods. Using an abnormal assayed serum-based control, all methods showed good accuracy. Recovery studies with pooled serum from dialysis patients showed interferences with the Ames and Randox methods and good recovery with the Roche and Synermed methods. With the bovine serum-based Murex samples, all but the Roche method yielded some low results; the Synermed method has been reported to suffer from matrix problems with bovine serum albumin. Based on recovery studies and difference analyses, the Ames and Randox methods revealed discrepancies in iron results for samples from dialysis patients. The Roche and Synermed methods appeared to be suitable for measurement of serum iron in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadkarni
- Department of laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Diamandis EP, Nadkarni S, Bhaumik B, Abdelrahman A, Melegos DN, Borchert G, Black MH, Alonso M, Salas A, de los Toyos JR, Sampedro A, López-Otín C. Immunofluorometric assay of pepsinogen C and preliminary clinical applications. Clin Chem 1997; 43:1365-71. [PMID: 9267315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed mouse monoclonal antibodies (Abs) against pepsinogen C with highly purified antigen isolated from gastric mucosa. The Abs were used to construct a two-site sandwich-type assay for pepsinogen C with time-resolved fluorometry as a detection technique. The assay has a detection limit of 0.1 microgram/L and is precise (within-run and day-to-day CVs < 11%). We used this assay to measure pepsinogen C in seminal plasma, breast cyst fluid, amniotic fluid, male and female serum, serum from patients with prostate cancer, urine, breast tumor cytosolic extracts, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid. Highest pepsinogen C concentrations were in seminal plasma, followed by breast cyst fluid and amniotic fluid. We found no correlation between prostate-specific antigen concentrations and concentrations of pepsinogen C in serum of prostate cancer patients, and concluded that this marker is not useful for either diagnosing or monitoring prostatic carcinoma. The availability of a highly sensitive, reliable, and convenient method for quantifying pepsinogen C will allow investigations into the possible diagnostic value of this analyte in various clinical conditions, including benign breast diseases, breast cancer, fertility, and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Diamandis
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada.
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Nadkarni S, Mookerjea S. Relationship between plasmin-trypsin-inhibitory and sialyltransferase activities. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1994; 109:465-71. [PMID: 7553356 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that the measurable soluble sialyltransferase (STase) activity released into the medium during the incubation of rat jejunal slices was dependent upon the presence of a heparin-binding fraction (HBF) from heat-inactivated serum or a trypsin-binding protein (TBP) isolated from HBF. Both HBF and TBP were able to inhibit trypsin and plasmin. The measurement of galactosyltransferase (GTase) activity which was also released in incubations was not dependent on HBF or TBP. The present study is directed towards further exploring the relationship between STase activity and protease inhibitory activity. Heat-inactivated serum from turpentine-treated rats (HTS), had higher plasmin-trypsin-inhibitory (HTS) activities compared to heat-inactivated serum from control rats (HCS). When HTS was used to supplement jejunal incubations, there was a 25-40% increase in the measurable STase activity in the incubation medium compared to similar incubations carried out in buffer alone. In contrast, with HCS the increase was 10-15%. During incubations with hepatocytes, STase activity detected in the incubation medium was increased with the incubation buffer was supplemented with HTS compared to incubations supplemented with HCS. Serum antiproteolytic activity was higher in turpentine rats compared to controls. Incubation of serum at 37 degrees C led to a progressive decrease in plasmin-trypsin-inhibitory and STase activities. TBP a plasmin and trypsin inhibitor was able to prevent the decrease in STase activity. Overall, serum STase activity was higher in the turpentine treated rats. In contrast, GTPase activity in serum as well as that detected in the medium during jejunal and hepatocyte incubations was not dependent on protease inhibitory activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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18
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Bhatavdekar J, Patel D, Trivedi C, Dave R, Nadkarni S, Karelia N, Vora H, Ghosh M, Patel S, Suthar T, Doctor S, Balar D. Hormones in male-patients with advanced esophageal-carcinoma. Oncol Rep 1994; 1:255-257. [PMID: 21607349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones are believed to play a dominant role as promoters in the growth and development of hormone-dependent cancers. Much less is known about the circulating hormones in male patients with oesophageal cancer. This lack of attention led us to evaluate the role of peptide and steroid hormones (by RIA) in male patients with oesophageal cancer (n=49). Blood samples of patients were collected pretherapeutically and data was compared with age matched controls (n=25). In this retrospective study, significantly high levels of FSH (P<0.02), LH (P<0.001) and prolactin (P<0.001) were observed with concomitant low levels of estradiol (P<0.001), DHEA-S (P<0.02) and testosterone (P<0.001) in patients when compared with respective controls. The patients when grouped according to anatomical site and histological type of the tumor, intergroup variation was not observed in these hormones. From our, study, it seems that hormonal imbalance or altered ratio of peptide and steroid hormones might be playing a significant role in the development and/or progression of oesophageal carcinoma in men.
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Nadkarni S, Mookerjea S. Role of antiproteolytic heparin-binding serum protein(s) in modulating the levels of sialyl- and galactosyltransferase activity released during the incubation of rat jejunal slices. Int J Biochem 1993; 25:731-8. [PMID: 8349015 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(93)90361-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
1. Sialyltransferase released into the medium during the incubation of rat jejunal slices in serum-free buffer, was susceptible to proteolytic degradation. Heat inactivated horse serum or its antiproteolytic heparin-binding fraction was found to be necessary in determining the activity of sialyltransferase released (Nadkarni et al., 1991). 2. In the present study, we have shown that heat inactivated rat serum (HRS) or its antiproteolytic heparin-binding fraction (HBF) had a role in determining the sialyltransferase activity released during jejunal slice incubations. 3. Galactosyltransferase was also released during incubations, but was not proteolytically degraded and the presence of HRS or HBF in incubations did not alter the levels of galactosyltransferase activity released. 4. Trypsin activity in serum-free incubation medium was higher compared to medium containing HRS. 5. Addition of serum-free medium obtained from 4 hr incubations of the jejunal slices, to medium obtained from parallel incubations done in the presence of HRS, caused inhibition of sialyl- but not galactosyltransferase activity. 6. In jejunal homogenates stored at -20 degrees C, sialyltransferase activity was decreased during 0-45 days of storage, whereas galactosyltransferase activity remained fairly stable for upto 56 days. 7. Inclusion of HRS or HBF in homogenates resulted in higher sialyl- but not galactosyltransferase activity compared to serum-free homogenate samples. 8. The results suggest that HRS or its antiproteolytic heparin-binding proteins have a role in determining the sialyltransferase activity released from the jejunal slices. In contrast galactosyltransferase released was not susceptible to proteolysis, and HRS or HBF was not required to express its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Nadkarni S, Hunt D, Ratnam S, Nagpurkar A, Mookerjea S. Heparin-binding serum protein(s) is required for the protection of sialyltransferase released during the incubation of rat jejunal slices. Biochem J 1991; 280 ( Pt 3):687-93. [PMID: 1764033 PMCID: PMC1130508 DOI: 10.1042/bj2800687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of rat jejunal slices in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) required the presence of heat-inactivated horse serum (HHS) in order to show time-dependent release of sialyltransferase into the medium. Sialyltransferase activity could not be detected in the medium when KRB alone or KRB supplemented with either albumin or glycerol was used in the incubations. The viability of the jejunal slices for up to 4 h of incubation was determined by studying the incorporation of glucosamine and leucine into acid-insoluble proteins. Supplementation of KRB with HHS had no beneficial effect on the rate of incorporation of leucine and glucosamine into proteins. KRB medium obtained after different periods of incubation contained higher trypsin-like activity than KRB medium containing HHS. Various antiproteases present as supplements to KRB resulted in the release of sialyltransferase activity from the jejunal slices. Among these antiproteases, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) was the most effective. Also, HHS added to KRB immediately following incubation resulted in partial restoration of sialyltransferase activity in the medium, suggesting the presence of anti-proteolytic factors in HHS. The addition of increasing concentrations of heparin to incubations containing HHS caused a decrease in the medium sialyltransferase activity. The heparin-binding fraction (HBF) from HHS, when added to incubations, was able to protect the sialyltransferase released into medium. However, HHS depleted of its heparin-binding fraction by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography was unable to protect the sialyltransferase. HBF was separated into high- and low-molecular-mass fractions (fractions A and B respectively) by gel-filtration chromatography. The capacity to protect the released sialyltransferase was contained in fraction B. Fraction A contained multiple bands on SDS/PAGE and did not protect the enzyme. Fraction B contained a major protein band on the gel which corresponded to the migration of a similar band in human alpha 1-PI. HBF as well as fraction B isolated from HHS showed anti-trypsin-like activity. The results presented indicate that HHS contains a heparin-binding protein(s) similar to human alpha 1-PI which plays a role in the protection of sialyltransferase released from jejunal slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Mookerjea S, Hunt D, Nadkarni S, Ratnam S, Collins-Francis J, Nagpurkar A. Regulation of sialyltransferase activity in intestinal segments of rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1990; 27:446-51. [PMID: 2102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A differential distribution of sialyltransferase (ST) in different regions of intestine has been shown. Jejunum and ileum homogenates from rats showed almost exclusive presence of alpha-2-3 ST (to Gal in Gal beta-1-4GlcNAc and/or to Gal in Gal beta-1-3GalNAc). In contrast, colon homogenates showed the presence of both alpha-2-3 ST (as above) and alpha-2-6 ST. Incubation of intestinal slices in presence of heat-inactivated horse serum (HHS) showed a time- and temperature-dependent secretion of soluble ST into the medium. Both jejunum and ileum slices showed high rates of secretion of alpha-2-3 ST. Colon slices, though rich in alpha-2-6 ST, secreted only alpha-2-3 ST. Colchicine, an anti-mitotic drug, injected into rats caused about 10-fold increase of the serum ST level. Jejunum slices from colchicine-treated rats showed an increased secretion of alpha-2-6 ST, suggesting that intestine undergoes a change in the expression of normal secretion of alpha-2-3 ST to a secretion of alpha-2-6 ST. The secretion of ST from incubated intestinal slices was inhibited by heparin. Certain protein factors (anti-proteases) in HHS bind to heparin-sepharose column and these protein factors are responsible for causing the secretion of ST into the medium. It has also been found that a supernatant fraction of the colon homogenate activated ST. Gel chromatography on HPLC produced 3-4 protein fractions from the colon cytosol and one of this fraction bearing high molecular weight proteins produced the maximum activation of ST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mookerjea
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Abstract
Plasma theophylline and caffeine levels were measured in neonates receiving aminophylline for apnoea. Significant levels of caffeine were present in neonates with high plasma theophylline levels and particularly in those children who had been on theophylline for 6 days, or more. Caffeine levels in plasma decreased slowly compared to theophylline. Tachycardia did not occur in any infants even at theophylline values greater than 20 mg/L. For theophylline concentrations above 10 mg/L there was no relationship between heart rate and drug level. Heart rate alone cannot be used to predict toxic drug levels, and high drug levels will not necessarily cause tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadkarni
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
Two cases of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis are presented with detailed accounts of the clinical, histopathological and histochemical changes in the brain. In one of them, neurochemical analysis of the brain was found to be essentially normal. Despite the pathological and histochemical similarity in these two cases, the clinical forms were quite distinct. The clinical patterns are attributed to differences in the topography of neuronal involvement. The pathogenesis of this extremely rare form of neurolipidosis is discussed with reference to recent literature.
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Kesavan PC, Nadkarni S. Modification of the radiosensitivity of barley seed by post-treatment with caffein. IV. Effect of the moisture content of seed and storage temperature after irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1977; 31:185-90. [PMID: 300722 DOI: 10.1080/09553007714550201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen-dependent damage which develops in barley seeds with approximately 7-8 per cent moisture content disappears after post-irradiation storage in vacuo for 48 hours at 40 degrees C and for 24 hours at 50 degrees C. When the diration of storage at 40 degrees C is extended to 384 hours, oxygen-independent damage becomes potentiated. There is oxygen-dependent damage in seeds of approximately 13.3 per cent moisture content and after the seeds have been stored in vacuo at 50 degrees C, the oxygen-dependent damage begins to increase by 168 hours, and it is very significantly potentiated by 192 hours. Under these circumstances, caffeine acts as a radioprotector only as long as the precursors of oxic damage are present in the seeds. Once these sites are lost, caffeine acts only as a radiosensitizer. The oxygen-independent damage which increases with storage at high temperature is further potentiated by caffeine.
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Nadkarni S, Kesavan PC. Modification of the radiosensitivity of barley seed by post-treatment with caffeine. Kinetics of decay of caffeine-reactive oxygen-sensitive sites. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1975; 27:569-76. [PMID: 1081083 DOI: 10.1080/09553007514550601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In dry barley seeds (3-1 per cent moisture content), the maximal level of oxic damage (class III damage) is reached within the first 40 min of post-hydration in oxygenated water at 5 +/- 1 degrees C. The decay of the gamma-ray-induced oxygen-sensitive sites requires, however, about 120 min. The mechanisms leading to partial protection against the class III damage are initiated when caffeine is present during the first 30 min of oxygenated post-hydration. If added after 30 min of oxygenated hydration, caffeine has no protective action. For the potentiation of an oxygen-independent component of damage, caffeine has to be present during the first 240 min of oxygen-free hydration. These observations involving a physiologically inert system raise questions regarding physico-chemical vis-a-vis biochemical mechanisms of caffeine effect on irradiated systems and these have been briefly discussed.
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Malik R, Malik TK, Audi PS, Kamat J, Nadkarni S. Nonfunctioning adrenocortical carcinoma. Int Surg 1970; 54:341-4. [PMID: 5473854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Chen CY, Le Fèvre RJW, Chakravarti KK, Nayak UG, Bhattacharyya SC, Balakrishnan VK, Razdan RK, Kertes AS, Lloyd PJ, Reader JA, Smith PWG, Boden N, Feeney J, Sutcliffe LH, Ferrier RJ, Overend WG, Ryan AE, Dale J, Coulon R, El Khadem H, Rahman MMA, Birch G, Bird CW, Knox JH, Turner JMC, Ganorkar MC, Stiddard MHB, Taylor DAH, Nadkarni S, Williams NR, Jackson AH, Smith AE, McKechnie J, Payne DS, Sim W, Feast WJ, Stephens R. Notes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9650003473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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