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Petryakov SV, Kmiec MM, Ubert CS, Kassey VB, Schaner PE, Kuppusamy P. Surface dielectric resonator for in vivo EPR measurements. J Magn Reson 2024; 362:107690. [PMID: 38692250 PMCID: PMC11102834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This research report describes a novel surface dielectric resonator (SDR) with a flexible connector for in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Contrary to the conventional cavity or surface loop-gap resonators, the newly developed SDR is constructed from a ceramic dielectric material, and it is tuned to operate at the L-band frequency band (1.15 GHz) in continuous-wave mode. The SDR is designed to be critically coupled and capable of working with both very lossy samples, such as biological tissues, and non-lossy materials. The SDR was characterized using electromagnetic field simulations, assessed for sensitivity with a B1 field-perturbation method, and validated with tissue phantoms using EPR measurements. The results showed remarkably higher sensitivity in lossy tissue phantoms than the previously reported multisegment surface-loop resonators. The new SDR can provide potential new insights for advancements in the application of in vivo EPR spectroscopy for biological measurements, including clinical oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Petryakov
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Maciej M Kmiec
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Conner S Ubert
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Victor B Kassey
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Philip E Schaner
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Applied Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology and Applied Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Schaner PE, Williams BB, Chen EY, Pettus JR, Schreiber WA, Kmiec MM, Jarvis LA, Pastel DA, Zuurbier RA, DiFlorio-Alexander RM, Paydarfar JA, Gosselin BJ, Barth RJ, Rosenkranz KM, Petryakov SV, Hou H, Tse D, Pletnev A, Flood AB, Wood VA, Hebert KA, Mosher RE, Demidenko E, Swartz HM, Kuppusamy P. First-In-Human Study in Cancer Patients Establishing the Feasibility of Oxygen Measurements in Tumors Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance With the OxyChip. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743256. [PMID: 34660306 PMCID: PMC8517507 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overall objective of this clinical study was to validate an implantable oxygen sensor, called the 'OxyChip', as a clinically feasible technology that would allow individualized tumor-oxygen assessments in cancer patients prior to and during hypoxia-modification interventions such as hyperoxygen breathing. METHODS Patients with any solid tumor at ≤3-cm depth from the skin-surface scheduled to undergo surgical resection (with or without neoadjuvant therapy) were considered eligible for the study. The OxyChip was implanted in the tumor and subsequently removed during standard-of-care surgery. Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) at the implant location was assessed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. RESULTS Twenty-three cancer patients underwent OxyChip implantation in their tumors. Six patients received neoadjuvant therapy while the OxyChip was implanted. Median implant duration was 30 days (range 4-128 days). Forty-five successful oxygen measurements were made in 15 patients. Baseline pO2 values were variable with overall median 15.7 mmHg (range 0.6-73.1 mmHg); 33% of the values were below 10 mmHg. After hyperoxygenation, the overall median pO2 was 31.8 mmHg (range 1.5-144.6 mmHg). In 83% of the measurements, there was a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) response to hyperoxygenation. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of baseline pO2 and response to hyperoxygenation using EPR oximetry with the OxyChip is clinically feasible in a variety of tumor types. Tumor oxygen at baseline differed significantly among patients. Although most tumors responded to a hyperoxygenation intervention, some were non-responders. These data demonstrated the need for individualized assessment of tumor oxygenation in the context of planned hyperoxygenation interventions to optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E. Schaner
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Eunice Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Jason R. Pettus
- Department of Pathology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Wilson A. Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Maciej M. Kmiec
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Lesley A. Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - David A. Pastel
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Zuurbier
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Roberta M. DiFlorio-Alexander
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Joseph A. Paydarfar
- Department of Surgery, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Benoit J. Gosselin
- Department of Surgery, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Richard J. Barth
- Department of Surgery, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kari M. Rosenkranz
- Department of Surgery, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Sergey V. Petryakov
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Huagang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Dan Tse
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Alexandre Pletnev
- Department of Chemistry, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Victoria A. Wood
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kendra A. Hebert
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Robyn E. Mosher
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Harold M. Swartz
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Radiology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Kmiec MM, Hou H, Kuppusamy ML, Drews TM, Prabhat AM, Petryakov SV, Demidenko E, Schaner PE, Buckey JC, Blank A, Kuppusamy P. Application of SPOT chip for transcutaneous oximetry. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:2837-2840. [PMID: 30761605 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Kmiec
- Departments of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Huagang Hou
- Departments of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - M Lakshmi Kuppusamy
- Departments of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Thomas M Drews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Anjali M Prabhat
- Departments of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- Departments of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Philip E Schaner
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
| | - Aharon Blank
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Departments of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH.,Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH
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Kmiec MM, Hou H, Lakshmi Kuppusamy M, Drews TM, Prabhat AM, Petryakov SV, Demidenko E, Schaner PE, Buckey JC, Blank A, Kuppusamy P. Transcutaneous oxygen measurement in humans using a paramagnetic skin adhesive film. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:781-794. [PMID: 30277275 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO2 ) provides information about blood perfusion in the tissue immediately below the skin. These data are valuable in assessing wound healing problems, diagnosing peripheral vascular/arterial insufficiency, and predicting disease progression or the response to therapy. Currently, TcpO2 is primarily measured using electrochemical skin sensors, which consume oxygen and are prone to calibration errors. The goal of the present study was to develop a reliable method for TcpO2 measurement in human subjects. METHODS We have developed a novel TcpO2 oximetry method based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) principles with an oxygen-sensing skin adhesive film, named the superficial perfusion oxygen tension (SPOT) chip. The SPOT chip is a 3-mm diameter, 60-μm thick circular film composed of a stable paramagnetic oxygen sensor. The chip is covered with an oxygen-barrier material on one side and secured on the skin by a medical adhesive transfer tape to ensure that only the oxygen that diffuses through the skin surface is measured. The method quantifies TcpO2 through the linewidth of the EPR spectrum. RESULTS Repeated measurements using a cohort of 10 healthy human subjects showed that the TcpO2 measurements were robust, reliable, and reproducible. The TcpO2 values ranged from 7.8 ± 0.8 to 22.0 ± 1.0 mmHg in the volar forearm skin (N = 29) and 8.1 ± 0.3 to 23.4 ± 1.3 mmHg in the foot (N = 86). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the SPOT chip can measure TcpO2 reliably and repeatedly under ambient conditions. The SPOT chip method could potentially be used to monitor TcpO2 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Kmiec
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Huagang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - M Lakshmi Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Thomas M Drews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Anjali M Prabhat
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Philip E Schaner
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Aharon Blank
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Caston RM, Schreiber W, Hou H, Williams BB, Chen EY, Schaner PE, Jarvis LA, Flood AB, Petryakov SV, Kmiec MM, Kuppusamy P, Swartz HM. Development of the Implantable Resonator System for Clinical EPR Oximetry. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:275-283. [PMID: 28687906 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic tumors are more resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which decreases the efficacy of these common forms of treatment. We have been developing implantable paramagnetic particulates to measure oxygen in vivo using electron paramagnetic resonance. Once implanted, oxygen can be measured repeatedly and non-invasively in superficial tissues (<3 cm deep), using an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer and an external surface-loop resonator. To significantly extend the clinical applications of electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry, we developed an implantable resonator system to obtain measurements at deeper sites. This system has been used to successfully obtain oxygen measurements in animal studies for several years. We report here on recent developments needed to meet the regulatory requirements to make this technology available for clinical use. radio frequency heating is discussed and magnetic resonance compatibility testing of the device has been carried out by a Good Laboratory Practice-certified laboratory. The geometry of the implantable resonator has been modified to meet our focused goal of verifying safety and efficacy for the proposed use of intracranial measurements and also for future use in tissue sites other than the brain. We have encapsulated the device within a smooth cylindrical-shaped silicone elastomer to prevent tissues from adhering to the device and to limit perturbation of tissue during implantation and removal. We have modified the configuration for simultaneously measuring oxygen at multiple sites by developing a linear array of oxygen sensing probes, which each provide independent measurements. If positive results are obtained in additional studies which evaluate biocompatibility and chemical characterization, we believe the implantable resonator will be at a suitable stage for initial testing in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Caston
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA.
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Huagang Hou
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Eunice Y Chen
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Philip E Schaner
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Lesley A Jarvis
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Maciej M Kmiec
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
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Schreiber W, Petryakov SV, Kmiec MM, Feldman MA, Meaney PM, Wood VA, Boyle HK, Flood AB, Williams BB, Swartz HM. FLEXIBLE, WIRELESS, INDUCTIVELY COUPLED SURFACE COIL RESONATOR FOR EPR TOOTH DOSIMETRY. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 172:87-95. [PMID: 27421470 PMCID: PMC6287419 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Managing radiation injuries following a catastrophic event where large numbers of people may have been exposed to life-threatening doses of ionizing radiation relies on the availability of biodosimetry to assess whether individuals need to be triaged for care. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) tooth dosimetry is a viable method to accurately estimate the amount of ionizing radiation to which an individual has been exposed. In the intended measurement conditions and scenario, it is essential that the measurement process be fast, straightforward and provides meaningful and accurate dose estimations for individuals in the expected measurement conditions. The sensing component of a conventional L-band EPR spectrometer used for tooth dosimetry typically consists of a surface coil resonator that is rigidly, physically attached to the coupler. This design can result in cumbersome operation, limitations in teeth geometries that may be measured and hinder the overall utility of the dosimeter. A novel surface coil resonator has been developed for the currently existing L-band (1.15 GHz) EPR tooth dosimeter for the intended use as a point of care device by minimally trained operators. This resonator development provides further utility to the dosimeter, and increases the usability of the dosimeter by non-expert operators in the intended use scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Maciej M Kmiec
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Matthew A Feldman
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Paul M Meaney
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Victoria A Wood
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Holly K Boyle
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Grinberg O, Sidabras JW, Tipikin DS, Krymov V, Mariani M, Feldman MM, Kmiec MM, Petryakov SV, Brugger S, Carr B, Schreiber W, Swarts SG, Swartz HM. Dielectric-Backed Aperture Resonators for X-Band in vivo EPR Nail Dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 172:121-126. [PMID: 27412507 PMCID: PMC5225980 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new resonator for X-band in vivo EPR nail dosimetry, the dielectric-backed aperture resonator (DAR), is developed based on rectangular TE102 geometry. This novel geometry for surface spectroscopy improves at least a factor of 20 compared to a traditional non-backed aperture resonator. Such an increase in EPR sensitivity is achieved by using a non-resonant dielectric slab, placed on the aperture inside the cavity. The dielectric slab provides an increased magnetic field at the aperture and sample, while minimizing sensitive aperture resonance conditions. This work also introduces a DAR semi-spherical (SS)-TE011 geometry. The SS-TE011 geometry is attractive due to having twice the incident magnetic field at the aperture for a fixed input power. It has been shown that DAR provides sufficient sensitivity to make biologically relevant measurements both in vitro and in vivo Although in vivo tests have shown some effects of physiological motions that suggest the necessity of a more robust finger holder, equivalent dosimetry sensitivity of approximately 1.4 Gy has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Grinberg
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason W Sidabras
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Krymov
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Michael Mariani
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Maciej M Kmiec
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Spencer Brugger
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brandon Carr
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Steven G Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Petryakov SV, Schreiber W, Kmiec MM, Williams BB, Swartz HM. Surface Dielectric Resonators for X-band EPR Spectroscopy. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 172:127-132. [PMID: 27421472 PMCID: PMC8444672 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new resonator for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which utilizes the unique resonance properties of dielectric substrates, has been developed using a single crystal of titanium dioxide. As a result of the dielectric properties of the crystal(s) chosen, this novel resonator provides the ability to make in vivo EPR spectroscopy surface measurements in the presence of lossy tissues at X-band frequencies (up to 10 GHz). A double-loop coupling device is used to transmit and receive microwave power to/from the resonator. This coupler has been developed and optimized for coupling to the resonator in the presence of lossy tissues to further enable in vivo measurements, such as in vivo EPR spectroscopy of human fingernails or teeth to measure the dose of ionizing radiation that a given individual has been exposed to. An advantage of this resonator for surface measurements is that the magnetic fields generated by the resonator are inherently shallow, which is desirable for in vivo nail dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Petryakov
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Maciej M Kmiec
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Flood AB, Williams BB, Schreiber W, Du G, Wood VA, Kmiec MM, Petryakov SV, Demidenko E, Swartz HM. Advances in in vivo EPR Tooth BIOdosimetry: Meeting the targets for initial triage following a large-scale radiation event. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 172:72-80. [PMID: 27421468 PMCID: PMC5225975 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several important recent advances in the development and evolution of in vivo Tooth Biodosimetry using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) allow its performance to meet or exceed the U.S. targeted requirements for accuracy and ease of operation and throughput in a large-scale radiation event. Ergonomically based changes to the magnet, coupled with the development of rotation of the magnet and advanced software to automate collection of data, have made it easier and faster to make a measurement. From start to finish, measurements require a total elapsed time of 5 min, with data acquisition taking place in less than 3 min. At the same time, the accuracy of the data for triage of large populations has improved, as indicated using the metrics of sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve. Applying these standards to the intended population, EPR in vivo Tooth Biodosimetry has approximately the same diagnostic accuracy as the purported 'gold standard' (dicentric chromosome assay). Other improvements include miniaturisation of the spectrometer, leading to the creation of a significantly lighter and more compact prototype that is suitable for transporting for Point of Care (POC) operation and that can be operated off a single standard power outlet. Additional advancements in the resonator, including use of a disposable sensing loop attached to the incisor tooth, have resulted in a biodosimetry method where measurements can be made quickly with a simple 5-step workflow and by people needing only a few minutes of training (which can be built into the instrument as a training video). In sum, recent advancements allow this prototype to meet or exceed the US Federal Government's recommended targets for POC biodosimetry in large-scale events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept. of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Gaixin Du
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Victoria A Wood
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Maciej M Kmiec
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sergey V Petryakov
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Eugene Demidenko
- Dept. of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems at Dartmouth, Radiology Dept., Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Dept. of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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