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Lee HD, Woo SJ, Kim S, Kim J, Zhou H, Han SJ, Jang KY, Kim DH, Park J, Yoo S, Lee TW. Valley-centre tandem perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat Nanotechnol 2024; 19:624-631. [PMID: 38228805 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising new light source for displays. The development roadmap for commercializing PeLEDs should include a tandem device structure, specifically by stacking a thin nanocrystal PeLED unit and an organic light-emitting diode unit, which can achieve a vivid and efficient tandem display; however, simply combining light-emitting diodes with different characteristics does not guarantee both narrowband emission and high efficiency, as it may cause a broadened electroluminescence spectra and a charge imbalance. Here, by conducting optical simulations of the hybrid tandem (h-tandem) PeLED, we have discovered a crucial optical microcavity structure known as the h-tandem valley, which enables the h-tandem PeLED to emit light with a narrow bandwidth. Specifically, the centre structure of the h-tandem valley (we call it valley-centre tandem) demonstrates near-perfect charge balance and optimal microcavity effects. As a result, the h-tandem PeLED achieves a high external quantum efficiency of 37.0% and high colour purity with a narrow full-width at half-maximum of 27.3 nm (versus 64.5 nm in organic light-emitting diodes) along with a fast on-off response. These findings offer a new strategy to overcome the limitations of nanocrystal-based PeLEDs, providing valuable optical and electrical guidelines for integrating different types of light-emitting device into practical display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Dong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Je Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yeon Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- SN Display Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kim HS, Lee SH, Yoo S, Adachi C. Understanding of complex spin up-conversion processes in charge-transfer-type organic molecules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2267. [PMID: 38480706 PMCID: PMC10937997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress made over the past decade in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules as a material paradigm for enhancing the performance of organic light-emitting diodes, the underlying spin-flip mechanism in these charge-transfer (CT)-type molecular systems remains an enigma, even since its initial report in 2012. While the initial and final electronic states involved in spin-flip between the lowest singlet and lowest triplet excited states are well understood, the exact dynamic processes and the role of intermediate high-lying triplet (T) states are still not fully comprehended. In this context, we propose a comprehensive model to describe the spin-flip processes applicable for a typical CT-type molecule, revealing the origin of the high-lying T state in a partial molecular framework in CT-type molecules. This work provides experimental and theoretical insights into the understanding of intersystem crossing for CT-type molecules, facilitating more precise control over spin-flip rates and thus advancing toward developing the next-generation platform for purely organic luminescent candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Suk Kim
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Choi D, Kwon H, Lee H, Lee KM, Park Y, Moon H, Yoo S. Organic Phototransistor with Light-Induced Contact Modulation and Sensitivity Enhancement Using a C 60/C 70:TAPC Hybrid Channel. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:58673-58682. [PMID: 38051232 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic phototransistors (OPTs) are attracting a significant degree of interest as devices that have the potential to play multiple roles, including light sensing, signal amplification, and switching for addressing when they are used for matrix arrays. However, it has been challenging to realize OPTs that can perform all of these roles simultaneously at a sufficient performance level because the channel materials with high carrier mobility often exhibit relatively low photoabsorption. In this work, we propose OPTs with a hybrid bilayer channel consisting of a neat C60 layer and a bulk-heterojunction layer of C70 and 1,1-bis(4-bis(4-methyl-phenyl)-amino-phenyl)-cyclohexane (TAPC) as a possible solution to this issue. While the C60 layer serves as the main carrier-transporting layer with high mobility, the C70:TAPC layer operates as a photoactive layer wherein the photogenerated carriers provide photoinduced contact modulation that leads to a significant enhancement in photosensitivity. With the optimal design maximizing the absorption, the proposed hybrid-channel OPTs show a responsivity of ca. 180 A/W, which is 4.5 times higher than that of the control OPT with a C70:TAPC single channel. The operation mechanism and the origin for the improvement are verified by an in-depth analysis of the photoinduced modulation of the channel and contact resistances of the OPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukyun Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggido 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Haechang Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Myung Lee
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsup Park
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanul Moon
- Department of Semiconductor & Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Sim JH, Kwon J, Chae H, Kim SB, Cho H, Lee W, Kim SH, Byun CW, Hahn S, Park DH, Yoo S. OLED catheters for inner-body phototherapy: A case of type 2 diabetes mellitus improved via duodenal photobiomodulation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh8619. [PMID: 37656783 PMCID: PMC10854432 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapeutics has shown promise in treating various diseases without surgical or drug interventions. However, it is challenging to use it in inner-body applications due to the limited light penetration depth through the skin. Therefore, we propose an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) catheter as an effective photobiomodulation (PBM) platform useful for tubular organs such as duodenums. A fully encapsulated highly flexible OLED is mounted over a round columnar structure, producing axially uniform illumination without local hotspots. The biocompatible and airtight OLED catheter can operate in aqueous environments for extended periods, meeting the essential requirements for inner-body medical applications. In a diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model, the red OLED catheter delivering 798 mJ of energy is shown to reduce hyperglycemia and insulin resistance compared to the sham group. Results are further supported by the subdued liver fibrosis, illustrating the immense potential of the OLED-catheter-based internal PBM for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other diseases yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Sim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kwon
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwook Chae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Cho
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Won Byun
- Reality Display Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangin Hahn
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Park C, Shin J, Kim S, Lee S, Park J, Park J, Park S, Yoo S, Jang MS. Fast and rigorous optical simulation of periodically corrugated light-emitting diodes based on a diffraction matrix method. Opt Express 2023; 31:20410-20423. [PMID: 37381436 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the light extraction efficiency has been widely studied for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Among many light-extraction approaches proposed so far, adding a corrugation layer has been considered a promising solution for its simplicity and high effectiveness. While the working principle of periodically corrugated OLEDs can be qualitatively explained by the diffraction theory, dipolar emission inside the OLED structure makes its quantitative analysis challenging, making one rely on finite-element electromagnetic simulations that could require huge computing resources. Here, we demonstrate a new simulation method, named the diffraction matrix method (DMM), that can accurately predict the optical characteristics of periodically corrugated OLEDs while achieving calculation speed that is a few orders of magnitude faster. Our method decomposes the light emitted by a dipolar emitter into plane waves with different wavevectors and tracks the diffraction behavior of waves using diffraction matrices. Calculated optical parameters show a quantitative agreement with those predicted by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Furthermore, the developed method possesses a unique advantage over the conventional approaches that it naturally evaluates the wavevector-dependent power dissipation of a dipole and is thus capable of identifying the loss channels inside OLEDs in a quantitative manner.
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Kim HS, Cheon HJ, Lee D, Lee W, Kim J, Kim YH, Yoo S. Toward highly efficient deep-blue OLEDs: Tailoring the multiresonance-induced TADF molecules for suppressed excimer formation and near-unity horizontal dipole ratio. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf1388. [PMID: 37256963 PMCID: PMC10413681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Boron-based compounds exhibiting a multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence are regarded promising as a narrowband blue emitter desired for efficient displays with wide color gamut. However, their planar nature makes them prone to concentration-induced excimer formation that broadens the emission spectrum, making it hard to increase the emitter concentration without raising CIE y coordinate. To overcome this bottleneck, we here propose o-Tol-ν-DABNA-Me, wherein sterically hindered peripheral phenyl groups are introduced to reduce intermolecular interactions, leading to excimer formation and thus making the pure narrowband emission character far less sensitive to concentration. With this approach, we demonstrate deep-blue OLEDs with y of 0.12 and full width at half maximum of 18 nm, with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ca. 33%. Adopting a hyperfluorescent architecture, the OLED performance is further enhanced to EQE of 35.4%, with mitigated efficiency roll-off, illustrating the immense potential of the proposed method for energy-efficient deep-blue OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Suk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Cheon
- Department of Chemistry and RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yoo S, Garg E, Elliott LT, Hung RJ, Halevy AR, Brooks JD, Bull SB, Gagnon F, Greenwood C, Lawless JF, Paterson AD, Sun L, Zawati MH, Lerner-Ellis J, Abraham R, Birol I, Bourque G, Garant JM, Gosselin C, Li J, Whitney J, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Herbrick JA, Lorenti M, Reuter MS, Adeoye OO, Liu S, Allen U, Bernier FP, Biggs CM, Cheung AM, Cowan J, Herridge M, Maslove DM, Modi BP, Mooser V, Morris SK, Ostrowski M, Parekh RS, Pfeffer G, Suchowersky O, Taher J, Upton J, Warren RL, Yeung R, Aziz N, Turvey SE, Knoppers BM, Lathrop M, Jones S, Scherer SW, Strug LJ. HostSeq: a Canadian whole genome sequencing and clinical data resource. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:26. [PMID: 37131148 PMCID: PMC10152008 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HostSeq was launched in April 2020 as a national initiative to integrate whole genome sequencing data from 10,000 Canadians infected with SARS-CoV-2 with clinical information related to their disease experience. The mandate of HostSeq is to support the Canadian and international research communities in their efforts to understand the risk factors for disease and associated health outcomes and support the development of interventions such as vaccines and therapeutics. HostSeq is a collaboration among 13 independent epidemiological studies of SARS-CoV-2 across five provinces in Canada. Aggregated data collected by HostSeq are made available to the public through two data portals: a phenotype portal showing summaries of major variables and their distributions, and a variant search portal enabling queries in a genomic region. Individual-level data is available to the global research community for health research through a Data Access Agreement and Data Access Compliance Office approval. Here we provide an overview of the collective project design along with summary level information for HostSeq. We highlight several statistical considerations for researchers using the HostSeq platform regarding data aggregation, sampling mechanism, covariate adjustment, and X chromosome analysis. In addition to serving as a rich data source, the diversity of study designs, sample sizes, and research objectives among the participating studies provides unique opportunities for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoo
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Garg
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - L T Elliott
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - R J Hung
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A R Halevy
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J D Brooks
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S B Bull
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Gagnon
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cmt Greenwood
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J F Lawless
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - A D Paterson
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Sun
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Lerner-Ellis
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rjs Abraham
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - I Birol
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G Bourque
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J-M Garant
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Gosselin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Li
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Whitney
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - J-A Herbrick
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Lorenti
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M S Reuter
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - O O Adeoye
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Liu
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - U Allen
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F P Bernier
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C M Biggs
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A M Cheung
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Cowan
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Herridge
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - B P Modi
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - V Mooser
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S K Morris
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Ostrowski
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R S Parekh
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Pfeffer
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - J Taher
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Upton
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R L Warren
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rsm Yeung
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Aziz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S E Turvey
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - M Lathrop
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sjm Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S W Scherer
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L J Strug
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lynch A, Jeewa A, Maurich A, Mazwi M, Jean-St-Michel E, Zaulan O, Floh A, Yoo S, Langanecha B, Honjo O. A Report of the First Pediatric Total Artificial Heart Implant in Canada. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Lee HJ, Yoo S, Hong JK, Ahn JS, Lee E, Moon H, Koo S, Kim T, Park J, Yoon IY. The effect of proto-type wearable light-emitting devices on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy adults: a 4-week randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:342-347. [PMID: 36418536 PMCID: PMC9684875 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people in modern society have insufficient exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) sunlight, which may lead to vitamin D deficiency. We aimed to investigate the effect of a proto-type wearable light-emitting diode (LED) device emitting UVB light on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. METHODS A total of 136 healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive either an active device emitting UVB light with a peak wavelength of 285 nm (n = 64) or a sham device emitting visible light (n = 72). All participants wore the device for a total of two minutes, one minute on each forearm, every day for 4 weeks. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were assessed at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks of intervention, and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels from baseline after two (0.25 ± 3.10 ng/mL vs. -1.07 ± 2.68 ng/mL, p = 0.009) and 4 weeks of intervention (0.75 ± 3.98 ng/mL vs. -1.75 ± 3.04 ng/mL, p < 0.001). In the experimental group, the dropout rate due to mild, self-limiting adverse skin reactions was 11.8% (9/76). The mean total 25-hydroxyvitamin D production after UVB exposure was estimated at 0.031 ng/mL per 1 cm2 of skin area. CONCLUSIONS A prototype wearable LED UVB device was effective for improving 25-hydroxyvitamin D status. The development of a safer wearable LED device for phototherapy may provide a novel daily, at-home option for vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Joo Lee
- Department of Public Medical Service, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jun Seok Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanul Moon
- Department of Semiconductor & Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhyoung Koo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kim
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeok Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Chung D, Lee J, Yoo S, Choo M, Cho M, Son H, Jeong H. Effect of EphA2 silencing on inhibiting the progression of non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model of renal cell carcinoma. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Yang D, Murr C, Yoo S, O'Neill L, Catalano S, Blitzblau R, McDuff S, Yin F, Wu Q, Sheng Y. Prospective Clinical Integration of AI Based Treatment Planning Tool for Whole Breast Radiation Therapy (WBRT): A Single Institution's Three-Year Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Chung D, Lee J, Yoo S, Choo M, Cho M, Son H, Jeong H. Role of neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio in predicting non-complete response at 3 months evaluation after BCG induction in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Park Y, Lee K, Park J, Bae JB, Kim SS, Kim DW, Woo SJ, Yoo S, Kim KW. Optimal flickering light stimulation for entraining gamma rhythms in older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15550. [PMID: 36114215 PMCID: PMC9481621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, optimal parameters of flickering light stimulation (FLS) for gamma entrainment may change in the eyes and brain. We investigated the optimal FLS parameters for gamma entrainment in 35 cognitively normal old adults by comparing event-related synchronization (ERS) and spectral Granger causality (sGC) of entrained gamma rhythms between different luminance intensities, colors, and flickering frequencies of FLSs. ERS entrained by 700 cd/m2 FLS and 32 Hz or 34 Hz FLSs was stronger than that entrained by 400 cd/m2 at Pz (p < 0.01) and 38 Hz or 40 Hz FLSs, respectively, at both Pz (p < 0.05) and Fz (p < 0.01). Parieto-occipital-to-frontotemporal connectivities of gamma rhythm entrained by 700 cd/m2 FLS and 32 Hz or 34 Hz FLSs were also stronger than those entrained by 400 cd/m2 at Pz (p < 0.01) and 38 Hz or 40 Hz FLSs, respectively (p < 0.001). ERS and parieto-occipital-to-frontotemporal connectivities of entrained gamma rhythms did not show significant difference between white and red lights. Adverse effects were comparable between different parameters. In older adults, 700 cd/m2 FLS at 32 Hz or 34 Hz can entrain a strong gamma rhythm in the whole brain with tolerable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseung Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghee Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeok Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Christensen R, Harikumar V, Dirr M, Anvery N, Brieva J, Yoo S, Alam M. 244 Risk factors for post-operative surgical site infections: A case-control study. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Sim JH, Chae H, Kim SB, Yoo S. Simple and practical methods for utilizing parylene C film based on vertical deposition and laser patterning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9506. [PMID: 35681067 PMCID: PMC9184507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose two novel methods to effectively utilize parylene C films. First, we demonstrate a vertical deposition method capable of depositing a parylene C film of the same thickness on both sides of a sample. Through this method, we have formed parylene C films with a thickness of 4 μm on both sides of the sample with a thickness deviation of less than 2.5%. Further optical verification indicates that parylene C films formed by this method have a very uniform thickness distribution on each side of the surfaces. Second, we propose a debris-tolerant laser patterning method as a mask-less means to fabricate self-supporting ultrathin parylene C films. This method does not involve any photolithography and entails a simple and rapid process that can be performed using only a few materials with excellent biocompatibility. It is demonstrated that patterned parylene C films exhibit a high degree of surface uniformity and have various geometrical shapes so that they can be used for substrates of highly flexible and/or stretchable devices. Finally, we use both of the proposed methods to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and waterproof-packaged bifacial blue LED modules to illustrate their potential in emerging applications that would benefit from such versatile form factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Sim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwook Chae
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Abstract
Hour-level persistent luminescence is realized with carbon dots embedded in cyanuric acid, the composition of which is easily obtained by the microwave-assisted heating of carbon dots and urea. By forming donor-acceptor blends, the proposed composition yields intermediate states with long lifetimes, providing a rare-earth-metal-free route to ultralong persistent luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjin Song
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangin Hahn
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yoo S, Kim S, Kim J. T078 Evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter access HS-TNI: 99th Percentile upper reference limits according to age and sex in the Korean population. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Jain N, Sharma R, Mahesh S, Moghe D, Snaith HJ, Yoo S, Kabra D. Role of Electronic States and Their Coupling on Radiative Losses of Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60279-60287. [PMID: 34881882 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Voltage losses (ΔVOC) are a crucial limitation for the performance of excitonic organic solar cells (OSCs) and can be estimated by two approaches─the radiative limit and the Marcus charge-transfer (MCT) model. In this work, we show that combining the radiative limit and MCT models for voltage loss calculations provides useful insights into the physics of emerging efficient OSCs. We studied nine different donor-acceptor systems, wherein the power conversion efficiency ranges from 4.4 to 14.1% and ΔVOC varies from 0.55 to 0.95 V. For these state-of-the-art devices, we calculated the ΔVOC using the radiative limit and the MCT model. Furthermore, we combined both models to derive new insights on the origin of radiative voltage losses (ΔVrad) in OSCs. We quantified the contribution in ΔVrad due to the bulk intramolecular (S1) disorder and interfacial intermolecular (CT) disorder by revisiting the spectral regions of interest for OSCs. Our findings are in agreement with the expected relationship of VOC with Urbach energy (EU), which suggests that the low EU is beneficial for reduced losses. However, unprecedentedly, we also identify a universal, almost linear relationship between the interfacial disorder (λ) and ΔVrad. We believe that these results can be exploited by the organic photovoltaic (OPV) community for the design of new molecules and a combination of donor-acceptors to further improve OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Jain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ramakant Sharma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Suhas Mahesh
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Dhanashree Moghe
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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19
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Park SK, Park DN, Kim YW, Yoo S, Kim WH, Lim YJ, Park JS, Jun JK, Kim JT. Colloid coload versus crystalloid coload to prevent maternal hypotension in women receiving prophylactic phenylephrine infusion during caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Obstet Anesth 2021; 49:103246. [PMID: 35012809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2021.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal fluid strategy to prevent maternal hypotension during caesarean delivery remains unclear. This study aim was to compare the incidence of post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension in women receiving either colloid or crystalloid coload in the setting of prophylactic phenylephrine infusion during caesarean delivery. METHODS Healthy mothers undergoing elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia were randomised to receive a rapid intravenous coload with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 10 mL/kg (colloid group) or balanced crystalloid solution (Plasma Solution A) 10 mL/kg (crystalloid group) during spinal anaesthesia. All women had a prophylactic phenylephrine infusion initiated at 25 μg/min immediately after the subarachnoid block and titrated to systolic blood pressure using a standardised protocol. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypotension (systolic blood pressure <80% of baseline) until delivery. RESULTS The incidence of hypotension was 50% in the colloid group and 62% in the crystalloid group (absolute difference, -12% [95% CI -33% to 9%]; relative risk, 0.8 [95% CI 0.56 to 1.14]; P=0.314). No significant difference between groups was found in the number of hypotensive episodes (median 0.5 [IQR 0 to 1] vs 1 [0 to 2], P=0.132) or phenylephrine dose (675 [IQR 425 to 975] μg vs 750 [625 to 950] μg, P=0.109). The incidence of severe hypotension, symptomatic hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, and the neonatal outcomes were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS This study found no benefit of colloid coload compared with crystalloid coload for preventing maternal hypotension in the presence of prophylactic phenylephrine infusion during caesarean delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-K Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-N Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-W Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W H Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Jun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-T Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Choi DK, Kim DH, Lee CM, Hafeez H, Sarker S, Yang JS, Chae HJ, Jeong GW, Choi DH, Kim TW, Yoo S, Song J, Ma BS, Kim TS, Kim CH, Lee HJ, Lee JW, Kim D, Bae TS, Yu SM, Kang YC, Park J, Kim KH, Sujak M, Song M, Kim CS, Ryu SY. Author Correction: Highly efficient, heat dissipating, stretchable organic light-emitting diodes based on a MoO 3/Au/MoO 3 electrode with encapsulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7355. [PMID: 34916506 PMCID: PMC8677734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Keun Choi
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Hafeez
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subrata Sarker
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Su Yang
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ju Chae
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Woo Jeong
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Choi
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kim
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinouk Song
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Soo Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Analysis & Researcher Division, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yu
- Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Analysis & Researcher Division, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sujak
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Kim
- Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Yoon Ryu
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea. .,E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Park Y, Lee K, Kim S, Kim D, Park J, Yoo S, Kim KW. Optimal parameters for propagating gamma brain waves using flickering lights in human. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.054823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeseung Park
- Seoul National University Seoul Republic of South Korea
| | - Kanghee Lee
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of South Korea
| | - Sang‐Su Kim
- Chonnam National University Yeosu Republic of South Korea
| | - Do‐Won Kim
- Chonnam National University Yeosu Republic of South Korea
| | - Jaehyeok Park
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of South Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of South Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of South Korea
- National Institute of Dementia Seongnam Republic of South Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of South Korea
- Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences Seoul Republic of South Korea
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22
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Lee YH, Lee W, Lee T, Lee D, Jung J, Yoo S, Lee MH. Blue TADF Emitters Based on B-Heterotriangulene Acceptors for Highly Efficient OLEDs with Reduced Efficiency Roll-Off. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:45778-45788. [PMID: 34519475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of robust boron acceptors plays a key role in the development of boron-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for the realization of efficient and stable blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we report a set of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-type blue TADF compounds (1-3) comprising triply bridged triarylboryl acceptors, the so-called B-heterotriangulenes, which differ depending on the identity of one of the bridging groups: methylene (1), dimethylmethylene (2), or oxo (3). The X-ray crystal structures of 2 and 3 reveal a highly twisted D-A connectivity and a completely planar geometry for the B-heterotriangulene rings. All compounds exhibit blue emissions with the unitary photoluminescence quantum yields and small singlet-triplet energy splitting (<0.1 eV) in their doped host films. The compounds exhibit a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC ≈ 106 s-1) with short-lived delayed fluorescence (τd ≈ 2 μs), which is found to be promoted by the strong spin-orbit coupling between the local triplet excited state (3LE, T2) and singlet (S1) states. Using compounds 1-3 as the emitters, highly efficient blue TADF-OLEDs are realized. The devices based on the emitters with B-heterotriangulenes exhibit better performances than the device incorporating a singly bridged reference emitter over the whole luminance range. Notably, the device based on the fully dimethylmethylene-bridged emitter (2) achieves the highest maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.2% and the lowest efficiency roll-off, maintaining a high EQE value of 21.2% at 1000 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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23
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Cho H, Song J, Shin JW, Moon J, Kwon BH, Lee JI, Yoo S, Cho NS. Identification of a multi-stack structure of graphene electrodes doped layer-by-layer with benzimidazole and its implication for the design of optoelectronic devices. Opt Express 2021; 29:23131-23141. [PMID: 34614583 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of benzimidazole (BI)-doped layer-by-layer graphene differ significantly from those of intrinsic graphene. Our study based on transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling reveals that such a difference stems from its peculiar stratified geometry formed in situ during the doping process. This work presents an effective thickness and optical constants that can treat these multi-stacked BI-doped graphene electrodes as a single equivalent medium. For verification, the efficiency and angular emission spectra of organic light-emitting diodes with the BI-doped graphene electrode are modeled with the proposed method, and we demonstrate that the calculation matches experimental results in a much narrower margin than that based on the optical properties of undoped graphene.
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24
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Choi DK, Kim DH, Lee CM, Hafeez H, Sarker S, Yang JS, Chae HJ, Jeong GW, Choi DH, Kim TW, Yoo S, Song J, Ma BS, Kim TS, Kim CH, Lee HJ, Lee JW, Kim D, Bae TS, Yu SM, Kang YC, Park J, Kim KH, Sujak M, Song M, Kim CS, Ryu SY. Highly efficient, heat dissipating, stretchable organic light-emitting diodes based on a MoO 3/Au/MoO 3 electrode with encapsulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2864. [PMID: 34001906 PMCID: PMC8128878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretchable organic light-emitting diodes are ubiquitous in the rapidly developing wearable display technology. However, low efficiency and poor mechanical stability inhibit their commercial applications owing to the restrictions generated by strain. Here, we demonstrate the exceptional performance of a transparent (molybdenum-trioxide/gold/molybdenum-trioxide) electrode for buckled, twistable, and geometrically stretchable organic light-emitting diodes under 2-dimensional random area strain with invariant color coordinates. The devices are fabricated on a thin optical-adhesive/elastomer with a small mechanical bending strain and water-proofed by optical-adhesive encapsulation in a sandwiched structure. The heat dissipation mechanism of the thin optical-adhesive substrate, thin elastomer-based devices or silicon dioxide nanoparticles reduces triplet-triplet annihilation, providing consistent performance at high exciton density, compared with thick elastomer and a glass substrate. The performance is enhanced by the nanoparticles in the optical-adhesive for light out-coupling and improved heat dissipation. A high current efficiency of ~82.4 cd/A and an external quantum efficiency of ~22.3% are achieved with minimum efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Keun Choi
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Hafeez
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Subrata Sarker
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Su Yang
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ju Chae
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Woo Jeong
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Choi
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinouk Song
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Soo Ma
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- grid.410885.00000 0000 9149 5707Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Analysis & Researcher Division, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yu
- grid.410885.00000 0000 9149 5707Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Analysis & Researcher Division, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Cheol Kang
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyun Park
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sujak
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- grid.410902.e0000 0004 1770 8726Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Kim
- grid.410902.e0000 0004 1770 8726Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Ryu
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678E-ICT–Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
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Patel A, Kong R, Sato T, Yoo S, Sinha A, Powell C, Zhu J, Watanabe H. FP12.11 Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analyses Distinguishes Transcriptional Activity of c-Myc and L-Myc in Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Acharya A, Agarwal R, Baker M, Baudry J, Bhowmik D, Boehm S, Byler KG, Chen S, Coates L, Cooper C, Demerdash O, Daidone I, Eblen J, Ellingson S, Forli S, Glaser J, Gumbart JC, Gunnels J, Hernandez O, Irle S, Kneller D, Kovalevsky A, Larkin J, Lawrence T, LeGrand S, Liu SH, Mitchell J, Park G, Parks J, Pavlova A, Petridis L, Poole D, Pouchard L, Ramanathan A, Rogers D, Santos-Martins D, Scheinberg A, Sedova A, Shen Y, Smith J, Smith M, Soto C, Tsaris A, Thavappiragasam M, Tillack A, Vermaas J, Vuong V, Yin J, Yoo S, Zahran M, Zanetti-Polzi L. Supercomputer-Based Ensemble Docking Drug Discovery Pipeline with Application to Covid-19. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:5832-5852. [PMID: 33326239 PMCID: PMC7754786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a supercomputer-driven pipeline for in silico drug discovery using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) and ensemble docking. Ensemble docking makes use of MD results by docking compound databases into representative protein binding-site conformations, thus taking into account the dynamic properties of the binding sites. We also describe preliminary results obtained for 24 systems involving eight proteins of the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. The MD involves temperature replica exchange enhanced sampling, making use of massively parallel supercomputing to quickly sample the configurational space of protein drug targets. Using the Summit supercomputer at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, more than 1 ms of enhanced sampling MD can be generated per day. We have ensemble docked repurposing databases to 10 configurations of each of the 24 SARS-CoV-2 systems using AutoDock Vina. Comparison to experiment demonstrates remarkably high hit rates for the top scoring tranches of compounds identified by our ensemble approach. We also demonstrate that, using Autodock-GPU on Summit, it is possible to perform exhaustive docking of one billion compounds in under 24 h. Finally, we discuss preliminary results and planned improvements to the pipeline, including the use of quantum mechanical (QM), machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) methods to cluster MD trajectories and rescore docking poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Acharya
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - R. Agarwal
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - M. Baker
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - J. Baudry
- The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Biological Sciences. 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - D. Bhowmik
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - S. Boehm
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - K. G. Byler
- The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Biological Sciences. 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - S.Y. Chen
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - L. Coates
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - C.J. Cooper
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - O. Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - I. Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, I-67010 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - J.D. Eblen
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - S. Ellingson
- University of Kentucky, Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington KY, 40536, USA
| | - S. Forli
- Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - J. Glaser
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - J. C. Gumbart
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - J. Gunnels
- HPC Engineering, Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - O. Hernandez
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - S. Irle
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - D.W. Kneller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - A. Kovalevsky
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - J. Larkin
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - T.J. Lawrence
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - S. LeGrand
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - S.-H. Liu
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - J.C. Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - G. Park
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - J.M. Parks
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - A. Pavlova
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - L. Petridis
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - D. Poole
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - L. Pouchard
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A. Ramanathan
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Lab, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - D. Rogers
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | | | | | - A. Sedova
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Y. Shen
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - J.C. Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - M.D. Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830, USA
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - C. Soto
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A. Tsaris
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | | | | | - J.V. Vermaas
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - V.Q. Vuong
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J. Yin
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - S. Yoo
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - M. Zahran
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Kim G, Ma KY, Park M, Kim M, Jeon J, Song J, Barrios-Vargas JE, Sato Y, Lin YC, Suenaga K, Roche S, Yoo S, Sohn BH, Jeon S, Shin HS. Blue emission at atomically sharp 1D heterojunctions between graphene and h-BN. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5359. [PMID: 33097718 PMCID: PMC7585426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically sharp heterojunctions in lateral two-dimensional heterostructures can provide the narrowest one-dimensional functionalities driven by unusual interfacial electronic states. For instance, the highly controlled growth of patchworks of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) would be a potential platform to explore unknown electronic, thermal, spin or optoelectronic property. However, to date, the possible emergence of physical properties and functionalities monitored by the interfaces between metallic graphene and insulating h-BN remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a blue emitting atomic-resolved heterojunction between graphene and h-BN. Such emission is tentatively attributed to localized energy states formed at the disordered boundaries of h-BN and graphene. The weak blue emission at the heterojunctions in simple in-plane heterostructures of h-BN and graphene can be enhanced by increasing the density of the interface in graphene quantum dots array embedded in the h-BN monolayer. This work suggests that the narrowest, atomically resolved heterojunctions of in-plane two-dimensional heterostructures provides a future playground for optoelectronics. Here, the authors explore the blue photoluminescence signal arising from the interface between graphene and h-BN arranged in in-plane heterostructures, and fabricate a blue light emitting device utilizing the heterojunction as the emitting layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yeol Ma
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyuk Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinouk Song
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yuta Sato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Stephan Roche
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeok Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Low Dimensional Carbon Material Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Sharma R, Jain N, Lee H, Kabra D, Yoo S. Comprehensive and Comparative Analysis of Photoinduced Charge Generation, Recombination Kinetics, and Energy Losses in Fullerene and Nonfullerene Acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:45083-45091. [PMID: 32900181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a unique comprehensive and comparative analysis of photoinduced charge generation, recombination kinetics, and energy losses has been carried out to study the effect of different fullerene-based acceptors (FBAs) and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). For this, different FBAs, specifically ICBA, PC60BM, and PC70BM, and NFAs, namely, ITIC, IT-4F, and IEICO-4F, were employed independently along with a particular donor polymer, PBDB-T, to fabricate bulk heterojunction OSCs and their performances have been compared. This donor molecule is known to give similar power conversion efficiency (PCE) with FBAs and NFAs and hence is ideal for comparative studies. The origin of the higher PCE of NFA-based OSCs vs FBA-based OSCs is analyzed in terms of spectral coverage, charge generation, recombination, and energy loss. It is found that the energy loss (ΔEloss) is ∼0.8 to 1 eV for FBA-based OSCs, while it is 0.5-0.7 eV for NFA-based OSCs. Interestingly, for the PBDB-T:IEICO-4F-based system, energy losses due to charge generation (ΔECT) are ∼0 eV and therefore this system has minimum ΔEloss among all of the studied devices. Providing a systematic, comprehensive, and comparative outlook, our study may further be extended to new upcoming NFA systems and beyond the donor system used in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakant Sharma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakul Jain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kabra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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29
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Rajakannu P, Kim HS, Lee W, Kumar A, Lee MH, Yoo S. Naphthalene Benzimidazole Based Neutral Ir(III) Emitters for Deep Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12461-12470. [PMID: 32852204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rigid naphthalene benzimidazole (NBI) based ligands (L1 and L2) are synthesized and utilized to make deep red phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes ([Ir(NBI)2(PyPzCF3)] (1) and [Ir(DPANBI)2(PyPzCF3)] (2)). Complexes 1 and 2 are prepared from the reaction of L1/L2 with the aid of ancillary ligands (PyPzCF3, 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine) in a two step method. The complexes are characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods, as well as X-ray diffraction for 1. These complexes show a strong emission in the range of 635-700 nm that extends up to the near-infrared region (800 nm). The introduction of the diphenylamino (DPA) donor group on the naphthalene unit leads to a further red-shift in the emission. The complexes exhibit radiative quantum efficiency (ΦPL) of 0.27-0.29 in poly(methylmethacrylate) film and relatively short phosphorescence decay lifetimes (τ = 1.1-3.5 μs). The structural, electronic, and optical properties are investigated with the support of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT calculations. The calculation results indicate that the lowest-lying triplet (T1) excited state of 1 has a mixed metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) and ligand-centered (3LC) character, while 2 shows a dominant 3LC character. Deep red-emitting organic light-emitting diodes fabricated using 1 as a dopant display a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.9% with the CIE color coordinates of (0.690, 0.294), with an emission centered at 644 and 700 nm. Similarly, the emitter 2 also shows a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.9% with emissions at 657 and 722 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Rajakannu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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30
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Song J, Lee H, Jeong EG, Choi KC, Yoo S. Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Pushing Toward the Limits and Beyond. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1907539. [PMID: 32142190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are established as a mainstream light source for display applications and can now be found in a plethora of consumer electronic devices used daily. This success can be attributed to the rich luminescent properties of organic materials, but efficiency enhancement made over the last few decades has also played a significant role in making OLEDs a practically viable technology. This report summarizes the efforts made so far to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OLEDs and discusses what should further be done to push toward the ultimate efficiency that can be offered by OLEDs. The study indicates that EQE close to 58% and 80% can be within reach without and with additional light extraction structures, respectively, with an optimal combination of cavity engineering, low-index transport layers, and horizontal dipole orientation. In addition, recent endeavors to identify possible applications of OLEDs beyond displays are presented with emphasis on their potential in wearable healthcare, such as OLED-based pulse oximetry as well as phototherapeutic applications based on body-attachable flexible OLED patches. OLEDs with fabric-like form factors and washable encapsulation strategies are also introduced as technologies essential to the success of OLED-based wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinouk Song
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gyo Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Moser BA, Steinhardt RC, Escalante-Buendia Y, Boltz DA, Barker KM, Cassaidy BJ, Rosenberger MG, Yoo S, McGonnigal BG, Esser-Kahn AP. Increased vaccine tolerability and protection via NF-κB modulation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz8700. [PMID: 32917696 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Improving adjuvant responses is a promising pathway to develop vaccines against some pathogens (e.g., HIV or dengue). One challenge in adjuvant development is modulating the inflammatory response, which can cause excess side effects, while maintaining immune activation and protection. No approved adjuvants yet have the capability to independently modulate inflammation and protection. Here, we demonstrate a method to limit inflammation while retaining and often increasing the protective responses. To accomplish this goal, we combined a partial selective nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) inhibitor with several current adjuvants. The resulting vaccines reduce systemic inflammation and boost protective responses. In an influenza challenge model, we demonstrate that this approach enhances protection. This method was tested across a broad range of adjuvants and antigens. We anticipate these studies will lead to an alternative approach to vaccine formulation design that may prove broadly applicable to a wide range of adjuvants and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Moser
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R C Steinhardt
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Y Escalante-Buendia
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D A Boltz
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, IIT Research Institute, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10W. 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - K M Barker
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, IIT Research Institute, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10W. 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - B J Cassaidy
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M G Rosenberger
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - S Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - B G McGonnigal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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32
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Shin CH, Huseynova G, Kim E, Lee J, Yoo S, Choi Y, Lee JH. Random Al 2O 3 nanoparticle-based polymer composite films as outcoupling layers for flexible organic light-emitting diodes. Opt Express 2020; 28:26170-26179. [PMID: 32906893 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Random Al2O3 nanoparticle-based polymer composite films are investigated as external scattering layers to enhance light extraction from flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). We found that the size and concentration of the nanoparticles (NPs) in the polymer film play a crucial role in improving light extraction. It turned out that their increase has a favorable impact on the light output of the devices, as the high concentration of the NPs leads to the formation of large nanoparticle clusters, which, in turn, yield pore-containing films. As a result, light extraction efficiency of the flexible OLEDs on PEN substrates was enhanced by a factor of 1.65 by the incorporation of the scattering layer, with the highest Al2O3 NP concentration of 99 wt%. This outcome is attributed to the reduction of the waveguide mode and total internal reflection at the substrate/air interface induced by the randomly distributed NPs in the flexible scattering layer. Our work demonstrates an efficient, solution-processable, and low-cost light-outcoupling structure for large-area and flexible OLED applications.
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Park M, Kim HS, Yoon H, Kim J, Lee S, Yoo S, Jeon S. Controllable Singlet-Triplet Energy Splitting of Graphene Quantum Dots through Oxidation: From Phosphorescence to TADF. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000936. [PMID: 32537946 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived afterglow emissions, such as room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), are beneficial in the fields of displays, bioimaging, and data security. However, it is challenging to realize a single material that simultaneously exhibits both RTP and TADF properties with their relative strengths varied in a controlled manner. Herein, a new design approach is reported to control singlet-triplet energy splitting (∆EST ) in graphene quantum dots (GQD)/graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) by varying the ratio of oxygenated carbon to sp2 carbon (γOC ). It is demonstrated that ∆EST decreases from 0.365 to 0.123 eV as γOC increases from 4.63% to 59.6%, which in turn induces a dramatic transition from RTP to TADF. Matrix-assisted stabilization of triplet excited states provides ultralong lifetimes to both RTP and TADF. Embedded in boron oxynitride, the low oxidized (4.63%) GQD exhibits an RTP lifetime (τT avg ) of 783 ms, and the highly oxidized (59.6%) GOQD exhibits a TADF lifetime (τDF avg ) of 125 ms. Furthermore, the long-lived RTP and TADF materials enable the first demonstration of anticounterfeiting and multilevel information security using GQD. These results will open up a new approach to the engineering of singlet-triplet splitting in GQD for controlled realization of smart multimodal afterglow materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukki Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Acharya A, Agarwal R, Baker M, Baudry J, Bhowmik D, Boehm S, Byler KG, Coates L, Chen SY, Cooper CJ, Demerdash O, Daidone I, Eblen JD, Ellingson S, Forli S, Glaser J, Gumbart JC, Gunnels J, Hernandez O, Irle S, Larkin J, Lawrence TJ, LeGrand S, Liu SH, Mitchell JC, Park G, Parks JM, Pavlova A, Petridis L, Poole D, Pouchard L, Ramanathan A, Rogers D, Santos-Martins D, Scheinberg A, Sedova A, Shen S, Smith JC, Smith MD, Soto C, Tsaris A, Thavappiragasam M, Tillack AF, Vermaas JV, Vuong VQ, Yin J, Yoo S, Zahran M, Zanetti-Polzi L. Supercomputer-Based Ensemble Docking Drug Discovery Pipeline with Application to Covid-19. ChemRxiv 2020:12725465. [PMID: 33200117 PMCID: PMC7668744 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.12725465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a supercomputer-driven pipeline for in-silico drug discovery using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) and ensemble docking. We also describe preliminary results obtained for 23 systems involving eight protein targets of the proteome of SARS CoV-2. THe MD performed is temperature replica-exchange enhanced sampling, making use of the massively parallel supercomputing on the SUMMIT supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with which more than 1ms of enhanced sampling MD can be generated per day. We have ensemble docked repurposing databases to ten configurations of each of the 23 SARS CoV-2 systems using AutoDock Vina. We also demonstrate that using Autodock-GPU on SUMMIT, it is possible to perform exhaustive docking of one billion compounds in under 24 hours. Finally, we discuss preliminary results and planned improvements to the pipeline, including the use of quantum mechanical (QM), machine learning, and AI methods to cluster MD trajectories and rescore docking poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Acharya
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - R Agarwal
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - M Baker
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - J Baudry
- The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Biological Sciences. 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899
| | - D Bhowmik
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - S Boehm
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - K G Byler
- The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Biological Sciences. 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899
| | - L Coates
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - S Y Chen
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - C J Cooper
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - O Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - I Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67010 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J D Eblen
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - S Ellingson
- University of Kentucky, Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, UK Medical Center MN 150, Lexington KY, 40536
| | - S Forli
- Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - J Glaser
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - J C Gumbart
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - J Gunnels
- HPC Engineering, Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA 98121
| | - O Hernandez
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - S Irle
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - J Larkin
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95051
| | - T J Lawrence
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - S LeGrand
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95051
| | - S-H Liu
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - J C Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - G Park
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - J M Parks
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - A Pavlova
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - L Petridis
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - D Poole
- NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA 95051
| | - L Pouchard
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - A Ramanathan
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Lab, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - D Rogers
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | | | | | - A Sedova
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - S Shen
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - J C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - M D Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37830
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, 309 Ken and Blaire Mossman Bldg. 1311 Cumberland Avenue Knoxville, TN, 37996
| | - C Soto
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - A Tsaris
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | | | | | - J V Vermaas
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - V Q Vuong
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - J Yin
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - S Yoo
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - M Zahran
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, NY 11201
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Mubarok H, Lee W, Lee T, Jung J, Yoo S, Lee MH. Impact of Boron Acceptors on the TADF Properties of Ortho-Donor-Appended Triarylboron Emitters. Front Chem 2020; 8:538. [PMID: 32714897 PMCID: PMC7344311 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the impact of boron acceptors on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties of ortho-donor-appended triarylboron compounds. Different boryl acceptor moieties, such as 9-boraanthryl (1), 10H-phenoxaboryl (2), and dimesitylboryl (BMes2, 3) groups have been introduced into an ortho donor (D)–acceptor (A) backbone structure containing a 9,9-diphenylacridine (DPAC) donor. X-ray crystal diffraction and NMR spectroscopy evidence the presence of steric congestion around the boron atom along with a highly twisted D–A structure. A short contact of 2.906 Å between the N and B atoms, which is indicative of an N → B nonbonding electronic interaction, is observed in the crystal structure of 2. All compounds are highly emissive (PLQYs = 90–99%) and display strong TADF properties in both solution and solid state. The fluorescence bands of cyclic boryl-containing 1 and 2 are substantially blue-shifted compared to that of BMes2-containing 3. In particular, the PL emission bandwidths of 1 and 2 are narrower than that of 3. High-efficiency TADF-OLEDs are realized using 1–3 as emitters. Among them, the devices based on the cyclic boryl emitters exhibit pure blue electroluminescence (EL) and narrower EL bands than the device with 3. Furthermore, the device fabricated with emitter 1 achieves a high external quantum efficiency of 25.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Mubarok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taehwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
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Yoo S, Oh S, Yun J, Kwon O, Suh J, Park J, Choo M, Cho M, Jeong H, Won S, Son H. Optimal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level for decreasing benign prostatic hyperplasia in men not taking statin medication: A historical cohort study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Suh J, Koh Y, Yoo S, Kwon O, Park J, Choo M, Cho S, Cho M, Son H, Jeong H. Development and validation of ensemble machine-learning based web-embedded decision supporting tool for prostate biopsy. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Suh J, Lee J, Yoo S, Park J, Son H, Jeong H, Kim S, Paick J, Cho M. Restoration of cavernosal veno-occlusive function through chronic administration of both a JNK inhibitor and a LIMK2 inhibitor in a rat model of cavernosal nerve injury: A comparison with a PDE5 inhibitor. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Ahn S, Han TH, Maleski K, Song J, Kim YH, Park MH, Zhou H, Yoo S, Gogotsi Y, Lee TW. A 2D Titanium Carbide MXene Flexible Electrode for High-Efficiency Light-Emitting Diodes. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000919. [PMID: 32350958 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although several transparent conducting materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conducting polymers have been intensively explored as flexible electrodes in optoelectronic devices, their insufficient electrical conductivity, low work function, and complicated electrode fabrication processes have limited their practical use. Herein, a 2D titanium carbide (Ti3 C2 ) MXene film with transparent conducting electrode (TCE) properties, including high electrical conductivity (≈11 670 S cm-1 ) and high work function (≈5.1 eV), which are achieved by combining a simple solution processing with modulation of surface composition, is described. A chemical neutralization strategy of a conducting-polymer hole-injection layer is used to prevent detrimental surface oxidation and resulting degradation of the electrode film. Use of the MXene electrode in an organic light-emitting diode leads to a current efficiency of ≈102.0 cd A-1 and an external quantum efficiency of ≈28.5% ph/el, which agree well with the theoretical maximum values from optical simulations. The results demonstrate the strong potential of MXene as a solution-processable electrode in optoelectronic devices and provide a guideline for use of MXenes as TCEs in low-cost flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeong Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathleen Maleski
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jinouk Song
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Bermel P, Saive R, Jäger K, Yoo S. Feature issue introduction: Optical Devices and Materials for Solar Energy and Solid-state Lighting (PVLED) 2019. Opt Express 2020; 28:16027-16029. [PMID: 32549434 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This special feature issue of Optics Express highlights contributions from authors who presented their latest research in the Optical Devices and Materials for Solar Energy and Solid-state Lighting (PVLED) topical meeting of the OSA Advanced Photonics Congress, held in Burlingame, California, from 29 July - August 1, 2019. This feature issue is comprised of nine contributed papers, expanding upon their respective conference proceedings to cover timely research topics applying optics and photonics to solar energy and solid-state lighting.
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Cust AE, Badcock C, Smith J, Thomas NE, Haydu LE, Armstrong BK, Law MH, Thompson JF, Kanetsky PA, Begg CB, Shi Y, Kricker A, Orlow I, Sharma A, Yoo S, Leong SF, Berwick M, Ollila DW, Lo S. A risk prediction model for the development of subsequent primary melanoma in a population-based cohort. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1148-1157. [PMID: 31520533 PMCID: PMC7069770 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines for follow-up of patients with melanoma are based on limited evidence. OBJECTIVES To guide skin surveillance, we developed a risk prediction model for subsequent primary melanomas, using demographic, phenotypical, histopathological, sun exposure and genomic risk factors. METHODS Using Cox regression frailty models, we analysed data for 2613 primary melanomas from 1266 patients recruited to the population-based Genes, Environment and Melanoma study in New South Wales, Australia, with a median of 14 years' follow-up via the cancer registry. Discrimination and calibration were assessed. RESULTS The median time to diagnosis of a subsequent primary melanoma decreased with each new primary melanoma. The final model included 12 risk factors. Harrell's C-statistic was 0·73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·68-0·77], 0·65 (95% CI 0·62-0·68) and 0·65 (95% CI 0·61-0·69) for predicting second, third and fourth primary melanomas, respectively. The risk of a subsequent primary melanoma was 4·75 times higher (95% CI 3·87-5·82) for the highest vs. the lowest quintile of the risk score. The mean absolute risk of a subsequent primary melanoma within 5 years was 8·0 ± SD 4.1% after the first primary melanoma, and 46·8 ± 15·0% after the second, but varied substantially by risk score. CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing a subsequent primary melanoma varies considerably between individuals and is particularly high for those with two or more primary melanomas. The risk prediction model and its associated nomograms enable estimation of the absolute risk of subsequent primary melanoma, on the basis of on an individual's risk factors, and can be used to tailor surveillance intensity, communicate risk and provide patient education. What's already known about this topic? Current guidelines for the frequency and length of follow-up to detect new primary melanomas in patients with one or more previous primary melanomas are based on limited evidence. People with one or more primary melanomas have, on average, a higher risk of developing another primary invasive melanoma, compared with the general population, but an accurate way of estimating individual risk is needed. What does this study add? We provide a comprehensive risk prediction model for subsequent primary melanomas, using data from 1266 participants with melanoma (2613 primary melanomas), over a median 14 years' follow-up. The model includes 12 risk factors comprising demographic, phenotypical, histopathological and genomic factors, and sun exposure. It enables estimation of the absolute risk of subsequent primary melanomas, and can be used to tailor surveillance intensity, communicate individual risk and provide patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Cust
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Badcock
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Smith
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - N E Thomas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
| | - L E Haydu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - B K Armstrong
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - C B Begg
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, U.S.A
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, U.S.A
| | - A Kricker
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - I Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - S Yoo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - S F Leong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - M Berwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, U.S.A
| | - D W Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
| | - S Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Oh YS, Lee J, Choi DY, Lee H, Kang K, Yoo S, Park I, Sung HJ. Selective multi-nanosoldering for fabrication of advanced solution-processed micro/nanoscale metal grid structures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6782. [PMID: 32321964 PMCID: PMC7176656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processed metal grid transparent conductors with low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance and good mechanical flexibility have great potential for use in flexible optoelectronic devices. However, there are still remaining challenges to improve optoelectrical properties and electromechanical stability of the metallic structures due to random loose packings of nanoparticles and the existence of many pores. Here we introduce a selective multi-nanosoldering method to generate robust metallic layers on the thin metal grid structures (< a thickness of 200 nm), which are generated via self-pining assisted direct inking of silver ions. The selective multi-nanosoldering leads to lowering the sheet resistance of the metal grid transparent conductors, while keeping the optical transmittance constant. Also, it reinforces the electromechanical stability of flexible metal grid transparent conductors against a small bending radius or a repeated loading. Finally, organic light-emitting diodes based on the flexible metal grid transparent conductors are demonstrated. Our approach can open a new route to enhance the functionality of metallic structures fabricated using a variety of solution-processed metal patterning methods for next-generation optoelectronic and micro/nanoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - J Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - D Y Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - H Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - K Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - S Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - I Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - H J Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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Lee GH, Moon H, Kim H, Lee GH, Kwon W, Yoo S, Myung D, Yun SH, Bao Z, Hahn SK. Multifunctional materials for implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices. Nat Rev Mater 2020; 5:149-165. [PMID: 32728478 PMCID: PMC7388681 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Numerous light-based diagnostic and therapeutic devices are routinely used in the clinic. These devices have a familiar look as items plugged in the wall or placed at patients' bedsides, but recently, many new ideas have been proposed for the realization of implantable or wearable functional devices. Many advances are being fuelled by the development of multifunctional materials for photonic healthcare devices. However, the finite depth of light penetration in the body is still a serious constraint for their clinical applications. In this Review, we discuss the basic concepts and some examples of state-of-the-art implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. First, we describe emerging multifunctional materials critical to the advent of next-generation implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices and discuss the path for their clinical translation. Then, we examine implantable photonic healthcare devices in terms of their properties and diagnostic and therapeutic functions. We next describe exemplary cases of noninvasive, wearable photonic healthcare devices across different anatomical applications. Finally, we discuss the future research directions for the field, in particular regarding mobile healthcare and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Hui Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Geon-Hui Lee, Hanul Moon, Hyemin Kim
| | - Hanul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
- These authors contributed equally: Geon-Hui Lee, Hanul Moon, Hyemin Kim
| | - Hyemin Kim
- PHI Biomed Co., Seoul, South Korea
- These authors contributed equally: Geon-Hui Lee, Hanul Moon, Hyemin Kim
| | - Gae Hwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - David Myung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- PHI Biomed Co., Seoul, South Korea
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Park H, Oh DS, Lee KJ, Jung DY, Lee S, Yoo S, Choi SY. Flexible and Transparent Thin-Film Transistors Based on Two-Dimensional Materials for Active-Matrix Display. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:4749-4754. [PMID: 31896251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted significant attention because of their outstanding electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics. Because all of the conducting (graphene), semiconducting (molybdenum disulfide, MoS2), and insulating (hexagonal boron nitride, h-BN) components can be constructed from 2D materials, thin-film transistors based on 2D materials (2D TFTs) have been developed. However, scaling-up is necessary for these technologies to go beyond their initial implementation using the mechanical exfoliation method. Furthermore, it would be beneficial to find a method to realize high flexibility and/or transparency to their full potential. In this study, large-scale, flexible, and transparent 2D TFTs are developed and demonstrated as a backplane in active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLEDs). With the optical chemical vapor deposition of the 2D materials, flexible (bending radius < 1 mm) and transparent (transmittance > 70%) TFTs with high electrical performances (mobility ≈ 10 cm2 V-1 s-1, on/off current ratio > 106) can be achieved. Furthermore, 2D TFTs are integrated into OLEDs by connecting the source electrode of the TFT to the anode of the OLED via a single graphene film, thus demonstrating pixel-by-pixel driving through a 2D TFT array in an active-matrix configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Park
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Dong Sik Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Khang June Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Dae Yool Jung
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
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Yoo S, Suh J, Park J, Cho S, Jeong H, Son H, Oh S, Paick J, Cho M. 329 Does Preoperative Bladder Compliance Affect Long-term Functional Outcomes after Laser Prostatectomy? J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yun C, Han JW, Kang MH, Kim YH, Kim B, Yoo S. Effect of Laser-Induced Direct Micropatterning on Polymer Optoelectronic Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:47143-47152. [PMID: 31749364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed polymer devices have been studied as a low-cost alternative to the conventional vacuum-processed organic devices. However, forming a specific pattern on polymer semiconductor films without costly lithography is still challenging. Herein, we report a low-cost direct patterning method for polymer optoelectronic devices, which can successfully engrave designated patterns on the polymer semiconductor layer regardless of its size and even after device encapsulation. Irradiation of a 100 ns pulse laser forms high-resolution patterns on devices such as polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer memory devices. The biggest advantage of the proposed patterning method is that it does not produce any physical damage in the device, such as leakage current or degraded light-emitting efficiency. Analysis confirms that the laser-induced heat alters the solid or crystal structure of the polymer semiconducting layers so that the designated areas of the polymer devices can be selectively and deliberately deactivated. We demonstrate the usability of the developed laser-induced direct-patterning method on the polymer devices by engraving a digital image onto "ON-state" light-emitting devices and by generating multiple states onto a 4 × 4 matrix polymer nonvolatile memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhun Yun
- Center for Nano-Photonics Convergence Technology , Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) , Gwangju 61012 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Han
- Department of Display Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Hee Kang
- Center for Nano-Photonics Convergence Technology , Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) , Gwangju 61012 , Republic of Korea
- School of Electronics Engineering , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju 28644 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Display Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering , Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul 04312 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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47
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Yoo S, Sheng Y, Blitzblau R, Suneja G, O'Neill L, Morrison J, Catalano S, Yin F, Wu Q. Implementation of Machine Learning-Based Treatment Planning Tool for Whole Breast Radiotherapy Using Irregular Surface Compensator Technique. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Choi J, Yoon J, Kim MJ, Pak K, Lee C, Lee H, Jeong K, Ihm K, Yoo S, Cho BJ, Lee H, Im SG. Spontaneous Generation of a Molecular Thin Hydrophobic Skin Layer on a Sub-20 nm, High- k Polymer Dielectric for Extremely Stable Organic Thin-Film Transistor Operation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29113-29123. [PMID: 31333023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer dielectric materials with hydroxyl functionalities such as poly(4-vinylphenol) and poly(vinyl alcohol) have been utilized widely in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) because of their excellent insulating performance gained by hydroxyl-mediated cross-linking. However, the polar hydroxyl functionality also deleteriously affects the performance of OTFTs and significantly impairs the device stability. In this study, a sub-20 nm, high-k copolymer dielectric with hydroxyl functionality, poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether), was synthesized in the vapor phase via initiated chemical vapor deposition. The inherently dry environment offered by the vapor-phase polymer synthesis prompted the snuggling of polar hydroxyl functionalities into the bulk polymer film to form a molecular thin hydrophobic skin layer at its surface, verified by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The chemical composition of the copolymer dielectric was optimized systematically to achieve high dielectric constant (k ≈ 6.2) as well as extremely low leakage current densities (less than 3 × 10-8 A/cm2 in the range of ±2 MV/cm) even with sub-20 nm thickness, leading to one of the highest capacitance (higher than 300 nF/cm2) achieved by a single polymer dielectric to date. Exploiting the structural advantage of the cross-linked high-k polymer dielectric, high-performance OTFTs were obtained. Notably, the spontaneously formed molecular thin, hydrophobic skin layer in the copolymer film substantially suppressed the hysteresis in the transistor operation. The trap analysis also suggested the formation of bulk trap with a high energy barrier and sufficiently low trap densities at the semiconductor/dielectric interface, owing to the surface skin layer. Furthermore, the OTFTs with the -OH-containing copolymer dielectric showed an unprecedentedly excellent operational stability. No apparent OTFT degradation was observed up to 50 000 s of high constant voltage stress (corresponding to the applied electric field of 1.4 MV/cm) because of the markedly suppressed interfacial trap density by the hydrophobic skin layer, together with the current compensation by the bulk hydroxyl functionalities. We believe that the surface modification-free, one-step polymer dielectric synthetic strategy will provide a new insight into the design of polymer dielectric materials for high-performance, low-power soft electronic devices with high operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro , Nam-gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyong Pak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Haechang Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuwook Ihm
- Nano & Interface Research Team , Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jin Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering and KI for NanoCentury at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro , Nam-gu, Pohang , Gyeongbuk 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for NanoCentury , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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Cho H, Chung J, Song J, Lee J, Lee H, Lee J, Moon J, Yoo S, Cho NS. Importance of Purcell factor for optimizing structure of organic light-emitting diodes. Opt Express 2019; 27:11057-11068. [PMID: 31052956 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of spontaneous emission inside a diode structure to that in free space is called the Purcell factor (F(λ)). The structure of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has a significant influence on the spontaneous emission rate of dipole emitters. Therefore, to describe the optical properties of OLEDs, it is essential to incorporate F(λ) in the description. However, many optical studies on OLEDs continue to be conducted without considering F(λ) for simplicity's sake. Hence, in this study, using carefully designed bottom- and top-emitting OLEDs, we show that the external quantum efficiency obtained without considering F(λ) can be over- or under-estimated, and in some cases, the margin of error may be significant. We also reveal that the subtle distribution of the electroluminescence spectrum can be explained properly only by including F(λ). Both these results stipulate the importance of including F(λ) to maintain a quantitative agreement between theoretical and experimental data. Hence, the inclusion of F(λ) is important for designing OLEDs with enhanced efficiency or desired spectral characteristics.
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50
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Kim W, Hur M, Park SK, Yoo S, Lim T, Yoon H, Kim JT, Bahk JH. Comparison between general, spinal, epidural, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a network meta-analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2019; 37:5-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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