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Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory. Science 2023; 382:679-683. [PMID: 37943897 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth.
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Epidemiology of cancers among older adults in India: findings from the National Cancer Registry Programme. Public Health 2023; 223:230-239. [PMID: 37683494 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the epidemiology, clinical extent of disease at diagnosis and treatment modalities of cancer among older adults (aged 60 years and older) in India. STUDY DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the National Cancer Registry Programme, which includes 28 Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) and 96 Hospital-Based Cancer Registries (HBCRs). METHODS PBCR data were used to estimate the incidence in terms of crude rate (CR), age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR), age-specific rate (ASpR) and cumulative risk. Trends in the AAR were calculated with the Annual Percentage Change (APC) using join-point regression. HBCR data were used to describe the clinical extent of the disease at diagnosis and the treatment modalities. RESULTS There is a wide heterogeneity across the country for the incidence of cancer and for the leading cancer sites among older adults. Males had a higher incidence rate compared to females in the majority of the registries. Aizawl had the highest AARs among both genders (males: 1388.8; females: 1033.0). Females had the highest ASpR at 65-69 years (482.8), whereas for males it was above 75 years (710.4). Cervical, stomach and oesophageal cancers were on the decline. The incidence of cancer among older adults was estimated to increase by 13.5% in 2025 as compared to 2020. CONCLUSION The increasing cancer incidence among older adults in India poses a huge burden on the health system. There is a need to increase their participation in clinical trials, advocating comprehensive geriatric assessment and strengthening geriatric oncology within programs addressing older adult's care to deal with the rising cancer burden on the health system borne by them.
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Predictors of Early Mortality after Lung Transplantation for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: A UNOS Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Validation of the TNM-8 AJCC classification for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers in patients undergoing trans-oral robotic surgery. J Robot Surg 2023:10.1007/s11701-023-01524-y. [PMID: 36780056 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with some oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). HPV-OPSCC have better survival outcomes compared to HPV negative tumours. The new TNM-8 AJCC staging (2018) is based on ICON-S data with 98% of patients treated with primary chemoradiation. To validate the TNM-8 AJCC classification in HPV-OPSCC treated primarily with surgery (trans-oral robotic surgery or open). There were 102 patients with HPV-OPSCC treated between July 2009 and December 2014 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. The median age was 57 years (range: 38-83) and mostly males (84.5%). 27.2% were active smokers and 50.5% reformed smokers. Early T-stage cancer in 72.8%. Primary treatment was surgery & adjuvant therapy (70%) while primary chemoradiation (30%). Survival analyses were performed for the 7th and 8th AJCC systems. The reclassification to the AJCC 8th edition staging system resulted in a change of 54 patients from stage 4 to stages 1 and 2. This was mainly an effect of changes with N2a and N2b nodal disease being reclassified to N1. Survival outcomes were comparable with the ICON-S data. The new TNM-8 classification is, therefore, validated in a cohort treated, predominantly, with primary surgery and adjuvant therapy.
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Characterising cause of death among people treated for drug-susceptible TB in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:78-80. [PMID: 36853129 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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NRG/RTOG 1112: Randomized Phase III Study of Sorafenib vs. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Followed by Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (NCT01730937). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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IDENTIFYING SOCIAL FACTORS THAT MAY LIMIT EARLY DISCHARGE IN LOW-RISK ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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655 Respiratory cell-type affinity and absolute cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression in the primate airway upon nebulization of KB407. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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SOC-V-09 Development of quantitative adverse outcome pathways to address the effects of PFAS on cholesterol metabolism. Benchmarking with human epidemiological data and comparison with threshold values. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives as Hole-Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cell. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5079-5088. [PMID: 35916604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over a couple of decades perovskite solar cells have become a highly promising photovoltaic technology. Choosing a dopant-free Hole-Transporting Material (HTM) that offers protection to a perovskite layer from oxidation is one of the viable strategies while addressing the stability of perovskite solar cell. In this line of interest, tetrathiafulvale (TTF) derivatives have shown promise in the past. However, studies that focus on small-molecule TTF derivatives as potential HTM options are scarce. The present study is an attempt to explore the applicability of a few TTF derivatives as HTM in a perovskite solar cell. Here four TTF derivatives, namely, TTF-1 (experimentally reported in a previous study), TTF-2, DBTTF1, and TMTSF1, were studied through electronic structure calculations. The properties concerning HTM, such as impact of adsorption on molecular structure, absorption spectra, distribution of frontier molecular orbitals, interaction energy between TTF derivative and MAPbI3 surface, and charge transfer at an interface, were analyzed. Results show that TTF-2 has the expected energy-level alignment, transparency in the visible range of solar spectrum, and good charge-injection ability at the interface with a perovskite layer. Hence, TTF-2 could be a potential hole-transporting material for a perovskite solar cell, and it can perform better than TTF-1.
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465 GEM-3: phase 3 safety and immunogenicity results of beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC), an investigational, topical gene therapy for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Correction: Cross validated serum small extracellular vesicle microRNAs for the detection of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:282. [PMID: 35733203 PMCID: PMC9215024 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Sonologists during the Pre-COVID-19 and Present COVID-19 Era: a Survey and Review of Best Practices. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2022. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2022.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Engineering: HALF-TRUTH: GRAFT CRYOPRESERVATION DOES NOT IMPACT ENGRAFTMENT AFTER ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANT (ALLO-HCT)-A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM INDIA. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lung Transplant for Patients with COVID-19 Bridged with VV ECMO: Initial Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [PMCID: PMC8988694 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV ECMO) has been used extensively for respiratory failure refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation (MV) and rescue maneuvers. However, the worldwide experience with COVID-19 patients undergoing lung transplant (LTx) with pre-LTx VV ECMO support is limited. Therefore, we sought to report our institution's early experience with COVID-19 patients who underwent LTx after VV ECMO. Methods We retrospectively identified 5 COVID-19 patients who underwent LTx after VV ECMO support. Patients were required to have a negative nasopharyngeal swab and a negative bronchoalveolar lavage for COVID-19 prior to LTx listing. We analyzed preoperative and operative characteristics, details of VV ECMO support and early post-transplant outcomes. Results The mean age of our cohort was 50 years (range 39-57 years) and all patients were male. Mean recipient BMI was 30 (range 22-37). Mean duration of VV ECMO pre-Ltx was 60 days (range 44-72 days). At the time of the LTx operation, 60% (3/5) of patients were on VV ECMO, 20% (1/5) were on mechanical ventilation (MV), and 20% (1/5) were on supplemental oxygen only. Preoperatively, 80% (4/5) had acute kidney injury and 20% (2/5) were on dialysis. LTx was performed via clamshell approach with intraoperative venoaterial ECMO support in all cases. For 60% (3/5) patients, VV ECMO support was continued after LTx and discontinued on postoperative days 0, 1 and 6, respectively. All-cause mortality was 40% (2/5), related to sepsis and multi-organ failure, and both deaths occurred an average of 115 days post-LTx. Mean length of stay for surviving patients was 59 days (range 22-117). In the first 3 months postop-LTx, grade A2 acute cellular rejection was noted in 2 patients, A1 in 2 patients, and antibody-mediated rejection in 1 patient. Conclusion Our early experience with LTx for COVID-19 patients supported with VV ECMO support is notable for 1) prolonged VV-ECMO duration and significant morbidity pre-LTx, and 2) early mortalities related to sepsis and multiple organ failure. These data highlight a uniquely complex patient population that carries high risk of multi-organ failure and other comorbidities dictating careful selection for transplant.
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Modified fullerenes as acceptors in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells - a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27468-27476. [PMID: 34870653 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04402h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, electronic structure calculations were used to provide strategies for designing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-fullerene-derivative-based donor-acceptor materials for use in high-efficiency bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs). The work systematically analyses the impact of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents on the opto-electronic properties of the fullerene structures. Parameters relating to the absorption spectra, orbital distributions, and energy ordering of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), the interactions between P3HT and the fullerene derivatives, and charge transfer across the interface were investigated. We found that substitution with the electron-withdrawing group NO2 enhances the electronic coupling between the fullerene and P3HT; however, it reduces the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the OSC through lowering the LUMO energy level. Furthermore, the results show that substitution with an electron-withdrawing group (NO2) and electron-donating group (OCH3) can improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OSC, since this slightly improves the photon absorption abilities and charge transfer coupling at the interface without overly compromising VOC relative to PC61BM. Our study shows that alkyl chain modification in the PC61BM acceptor is a promising strategy for improving the performances of OSCs.
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A Randomized Trial of Radiotherapy vs. Trans-Oral Surgery for Treatment De-Escalation in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ORATOR2). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Meta-Analysis of Definitive Photon and Particle Irradiation for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A comparative investigation on the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical by the natural antioxidants (+) catechin and (-) epicatechin. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Charge Transport and Optical Absorption Properties of Dibenzocoronene Tetracarboxdiimide Based Liquid Crystalline Molecules: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3852-3862. [PMID: 33938734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structure, optical absorption, and charge transport properties of dibenzocoronene tetracarboxdiimide (DCDI) based molecules were studied using electronic structure calculations. Based on the optimized neutral, cationic, and anionic geometries the ionized state properties, such as ionization potential, electron affinity, hole extraction potential, electron extraction potentials, and reorganization energy, were calculated. On the basis of the ground state geometry of the studied molecules, the absorption spectra were calculated using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method at the PBE0/def-TZVP level of theory. It has been observed that the substitution of different functional groups significantly alters the absorption spectra of DCDI. The methoxy- (OCH3-) substituted DCDI molecule has a maximum absorption wavelength of 529 nm. The charge transport parameters, such as the charge transfer integral, spatial overlap integral, and the site energy, are calculated directly from the Kohn-Sham matrix elements. The reorganization energy for the presence of excess positive and negative charges and the charge transfer rate calculated from Marcus' theory were used to find the mobility of charge carriers. The computed results show that the mobility of charge carriers is strongly influenced by the functional groups present on the DCDI molecule. The effect of intermolecular structural fluctuations on charge transport properties was studied through molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations based on the polaron hopping mechanism. The calculated charge carrier mobility shows that the cyano- (CN-) substituted DCDI molecules are having n-type semiconducting property while, methoxy- (OCH3-) and thiol- (SH-) substituted DCDI molecules exhibit ambipolar semiconducting properties.
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169 First-in-human safety and mechanism of action (MOA) analyses of repeatedly dosed in vivo gene delivery for directed human type III collagen (COL3) expression in aesthetics. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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155 Assessment of safety in repeat dosing of an in vivo topical gene therapy for the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) in a phase I/II trial. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Management of Positive Prospective Cross Matches in Lung Transplant Recipients: Outcomes from a Single-Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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A hyperacute immune map of ischaemic stroke patients reveals alterations to circulating innate and adaptive cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 203:458-471. [PMID: 33205448 PMCID: PMC7874838 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic immune changes following ischaemic stroke are associated with increased susceptibility to infection and poor patient outcome due to their role in exacerbating the ischaemic injury and long-term disability. Alterations to the abundance or function of almost all components of the immune system post-stroke have been identified, including lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. However, subsequent infections have often confounded the identification of stroke-specific effects. Global understanding of very early changes to systemic immunity is critical to identify immune targets to improve clinical outcome. To this end, we performed a small, prospective, observational study in stroke patients with immunophenotyping at a hyperacute time point (< 3 h) to explore early changes to circulating immune cells. We report, for the first time, decreased frequencies of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1), haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), unswitched memory B cells and terminally differentiated effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA). We also observed concomitant alterations to human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR), CD64 and CD14 expression in distinct myeloid subsets and a rapid activation of CD4+ T cells based on CD69 expression. The CD69+ CD4+ T cell phenotype inversely correlated with stroke severity and was associated with naive and central memory T (TCM) cells. Our findings highlight early changes in both the innate and adaptive immune compartments for further investigation as they could have implications the development of post-stroke infection and poorer patient outcomes.
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Regulation of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)-Dependent Metabolism in Mammals by p53. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:801-807. [PMID: 33040724 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factor p53 is a master regulator of energy metabolism. Energy metabolism strongly depends on thiamine (vitamin B1) and/or its natural derivatives. Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), which is a major thiamine derivative, affects p53 binding to DNA. In order to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of thiamine-dependent metabolism by p53, we assessed putative p53-binding sites near transcription starting points in genes coding for transporters and enzymes, whose function is associated with thiamine and/or its derivatives. The predictions were validated by studying cell metabolic response to the p53 inducer cisplatin. Expression of p53 and its known target, p21, has been evaluated in cisplatin-treated and control human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells that possess functional p53 pathway. We also investigated the activity of enzymes involved in the thiamine-dependent energy metabolism. Along with upregulating the expression of p53 and p21, cisplatin affected the activities of metabolic enzymes, whose genes were predicted as carrying the p53-binding sites. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase GDH2 isoenzyme strongly decreased, while the activities of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and malic enzymes, as well as the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex at its endogenous ThDP level, were elevated. Simultaneously, the activities of NAD+-dependent IDH, mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, and two malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, whose genes were not predicted to have the p53-binding sequences near the transcription starting points, were upregulated by cisplatin. The p53-dependent regulation of the assayed metabolic enzymes correlated with induction of p21 by p53 rather than induction of p53 itself.
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The influence of the shape and configuration of sensitizer molecules on the efficiency of DSSCs: a theoretical insight. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5556-5567. [PMID: 35423080 PMCID: PMC8694715 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensitizer is an active component of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology, which is highly influential for the performance of DSSCs. The present study attempts to investigate the relationship between the shape of the sensitizer molecule and efficiency of DSSCs. Specifically, 17 different structures were investigated, and classified into four categories based on the shape of the dye molecule, namely L-shaped (linear), V-shaped, X-shaped and Y-shaped, and into two different categories based on the donor moiety. The five of studied structures contained a triphenylamine (TPA) donor moiety, and twelve structures contained carbazole (CAR) donor moiety. Parameters related to the performance of DSSCs such as absorption spectra, intramolecular charge transfer indices, frontier molecular orbitals, light harvesting efficiency, excited-state lifetime, exciton binding energy, electrostatic potential, charge transfer and electron injection ability were studied using results obtained from electronic structure calculations. The analysis of these various parameters showed that the linear-shaped and V-shaped sensitizers possess better photon absorption ability, and the V-shaped structure is best suited shape for applications in high performance DSSCs. Numerous studies have reported that the shape of a sensitizer matters for DSSC performance, while the present study investigates why and how it matters.![]()
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Students Perception of their Educational Environment in a Medical College in India- A Survey using DREEM Questionnaire. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/50157.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Educational plays an important role in the achievement of student’s academic success. Understanding the perception of students towards their educational environment helps to identify the lacunae in the curriculum and make the changes accordingly. Aim: To assess the perceptions of the students towards medical education using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire as a tool. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done at NRI Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, from September 2020 to December 2020. A total of 414 students participated in the study. The DREEM questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire consists of five components with 50 statements assessed on five-point Likert scale (0-4). Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. Independent t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for comparing the groups. Results: Out of 600 students, 414 filled in the forms and submitted them (response rate was 69%). 266 (64.2%) were female and 148 (35.8%) were males. Age of the students ranged from 17 to 25 years with mean age 22.64±2.62 years. The mean DREEM score of study population was 130±6.7/200 which indicated a more positive than negative perception of learning. Subscale scores for student’s perception of learning, perceptions of teachers, academic self-perceptions, perceptions of atmosphere and social self-perceptions were 30.9±2.4, 28.9±1.5, 22.4±3.1, 30.8±2.3 and 16.9±1.7 respectively. Conclusion: There was a positive perception of students towards their educational environment. Strong areas were student’s confidence, teacher’s knowledge, and curricular relevance. Weak areas were identified as the inability to provide constructive criticism by teachers, the teachers were authoritarian and necessary steps can be taken for the improvement.
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Cross validated serum small extracellular vesicle microRNAs for the detection of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:280. [PMID: 32650803 PMCID: PMC7350687 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage because the disease often causes minimal symptoms other than metastasis to neck lymph nodes. Better tools are required to assist with the early detection of OPSCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are potential biomarkers for early head and neck squamous cell cancer diagnosis, prognosis, recurrence, and presence of metastatic disease. However, there is no widespread agreement on a panel of miRNAs with clinically meaningful utility for head and neck squamous cell cancers. This could be due to variations in the collection, storage, pre-processing, and isolation of RNA, but several reports have indicated that the selection and reproducibility of biomarkers has been widely affected by the methods used for data analysis. The primary analysis issues appear to be model overfitting and the incorrect application of statistical techniques. The purpose of this study was to develop a robust statistical approach to identify a miRNA signature that can distinguish controls and patients with inflammatory disease from patients with human papilloma virus positive (HPV +) OPSCC. METHODS Small extracellular vesicles were harvested from the serum of 20 control patients, 20 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), and 40 patients with locally advanced HPV + OPSCC. MicroRNAs were purified, and expression profiled on OpenArray™. A novel cross validation method, using lasso regression, was developed to stabilise selection of miRNAs for inclusion in a prediction model. The method, named StaVarSel (for Stable Variable Selection), was used to derive a diagnostic biomarker signature. RESULTS A standard cross validation approach was unable to produce a biomarker signature with good cross validated predictive capacity. In contrast, StaVarSel produced a regression model containing 11 miRNA ratios with potential clinical utility. Sample permutations indicated that the estimated cross validated prediction accuracy of the 11-miR-ratio model was not due to chance alone. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel method, StaVarSel, that was able to identify a panel of miRNAs, present in small extracellular vesicles derived from blood serum, that robustly cross validated as a biomarker for the detection of HPV + OPSCC. This approach could be used to derive diagnostic biomarkers of other head and neck cancers.
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305 In vivo correction of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) by direct cutaneous COL7A1 gene replacement: Results of a phase 1-2 trial. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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263 First in human use of a novel in vivo gene therapy for the treatment of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: Results of a phase I/II placebo controlled trial. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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P-130 Short course pelvic radiotherapy for localized and oligometastatic rectal adenocarcinoma: The Mayo Clinic experience. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Impact of Synthesis Technique on Lanthanum Doped Copper Oxide Nanocrystals, an Alternative Counter Electrode for Pt-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 20:4023-4034. [PMID: 31968417 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ascendancy of a counter electrode (C.E) in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has an unrivaled impact on the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell, where the Pt-based C.E has set up a phenomenal benchmark against its counterparts. Due to the high cost of such noble metals, an operative and a much cost effective replacement were greatly in demand to gratify this need. To address this issue, monoclinic lanthanum doped copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by solution combustion and co-precipitation techniques respectively as they possess highly superior optoelectronic, catalytic and charge transfer properties. The effect of incorporating lanthanum (La) ions and the variation of synthesis technique on their structural, optical, photo-thermal and morphological properties are empirically investigated by XRD, FTIR, TEM, UV-Vis, Raman and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS). The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the formation of La-doped CuO nanoparticles. The finger-print vibrational modes of the as-synthesized samples are confirmed by the FTIR spectra. The required optical properties of the as-synthesized nanocrystals were confirmed using UV-Vis absorption spectra, from which the bandgap was determined by Kubelka-Munk plot. The Raman modes were determined using Raman spectra, further a multi-phonon band was revealed, which was formed due to the plasmon-phonon coupling. The photothermal phenomenon was revealed using the photoacoustic spectra. The morphological investigation by TEM found the change in the morphology of the material as the synthesis route is varied. The power conversion efficiency results unveiled that the combustion-derived C.E posted a promising efficiency (η) of 0.20% and the co-precipitation derived C.E posted an efficiency of 0.02%. Overall results suggest that the combustion derived La doped CuO nanostructures exhibited substantive properties with deeper implication and also stood out to be a viable, cost-effective and self-exemplifying replacement for Pt as C.E in DSSC's.
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Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Floor of the Mouth: An Unusual Diagnosis in a Rare Location. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020; 10:238-242. [PMID: 32855949 PMCID: PMC7433960 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_171_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor, mostly involving the parotid and submandibular glands. Minor salivary gland involvement is even rarer, palate being the most common site. Other reported sites are upper lip, sinonasal tract, and buccal mucosa. Here, we report a case of CXPA in an unusual location, the floor of the mouth.
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer patients affected by a novel coronavirus. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.05.27.20115303. [PMID: 32511470 PMCID: PMC7265691 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.27.20115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients with COVID-19 disease have been reported to have double the case fatality rate of the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and MedRxiv was done for studies on cancer patients with COVID-19. Pooled proportions were calculated for categorical variables. Odds ratio and forest plots were constructed for both primary and secondary outcomes. The random-effects model was used to account for heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS This systematic review of 31 studies and meta-analysis of 181,323 patients from 26 studies involving 23,736 cancer patients is the largest meta-analysis to the best of our knowledge assessing outcomes in cancer patients affected by COVID-19. Our meta-analysis shows that cancer patients with COVID-19 have a higher likelihood of death (odds ratio, OR 2.54), which was largely driven by mortality among patients in China. Cancer patients were more likely to be intubated, although ICU admission rates were not statistically significant. Among cancer subtypes, the mortality was highest in hematological malignancies (OR 2.43) followed by lung cancer (OR 1.8). There was no association between receipt of a particular type of oncologic therapy and mortality. Our study showed that cancer patients affected by COVID-19 are a decade older than the normal population and have a higher proportion of co-morbidities. There was insufficient data to assess the association of COVID-directed therapy and survival outcomes in cancer patients. Despite the heterogeneity of studies and inconsistencies in reported variables and outcomes, these data could guide clinical practice and oncologic care during this unprecedented global health pandemic. CONCLUSION Cancer patients with COVID-19 disease are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity. A more nuanced understanding of the interaction between cancer-directed therapies and COVID-19-directed therapies is needed. This will require uniform prospective recording of data, possibly in multi-institutional registry databases.
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Theoretical investigation on the structure and antioxidant activity of (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin – a comparative study. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1745917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Masquerading verrucous carcinoma: A pathologist's & surgeon's dilemma. Indian J Med Res 2020; 152:S189-S190. [PMID: 35345199 PMCID: PMC8257139 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2292_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Investigation on Elastic, Magnetic, Optical and Electrical Impedance Properties of Dysprosium Doped Nickel Ferrite Nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 19:8020-8035. [PMID: 31196323 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth dysprosium (Dy) doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via economically viable co-precipitation technique and studied for its elastic, structural, magnetic and electrical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis shows the formation of cubic spinel phase with a slight inclination in the cell parameters with respect to the concentration of dopant convivial. The crystallite size and strain of the nanoparticles were determined using Scherrer formula and the Williamson-Hall (W-H) technique. In addition, the theoretical parameters viz., cation distribution, bond length, oxygen positional parameters, etc., have been embrasured. The strength and types of interionic bonds in the nano ferrites were determined utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared spectral analysis. The magnetic properties were analysed using vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature, it was found that as the dopant concentration increases, the coercivity and magnetic saturation decreases. This result is partially explained by the bridge networking of Dy3+-Fe3+ ions which is equated by Fe2+- Fe3+ ion interaction. This paper deals with the itinerant electron model to determine the distribution of cations by magnetization analysis. The optical properties of the samples were studied utilizing UV-Vis spectral analysis and the optical band gap was evaluated from Kubelka-Munk plot. Electrical impedance was analysed as a function of frequencies at room temperature. This analysis depicts the dielectric constant and loss factor tends to decline with applied frequency and AC conductivity elicits its semiconducting characteristic by obeying Jonscher's law.
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To Study the Factors Affecting the Disease and Functional Outcome in Patients of Cyanotic Heart Disease. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Malignant Transformation of Hypertrophic Lichen Planus in a Young Pregnant Woman: A Case Report. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2019; 19:388-390. [PMID: 31625436 DOI: 10.1177/1534734619881584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report a case of hypertrophic lichen planus transforming into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a 24-year-old Indian woman at 34 weeks of gestational age. We hypothesize that immunologic alterations during pregnancy could transform a long-standing hypertrophic lichen planus into cutaneous neoplasm.
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Phase II study of olaparib in previously treated advanced solid tumours with homologous recombination repair mutation (HRRm) or homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD): LYNK-002. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz239.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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OS12.4 In vivo dynamics and targeting of vessel co-option in glioma. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz126.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Gliomas comprise heterogeneous malignant glial and stromal cells. While blood vessel co-option is a potential mechanism to escape anti-angiogenic therapy, the relevance of glial phenotype in this process is unclear.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Here, we intravitally study preclinical syngenetic models of glioma as well as patient-derived cells transplanted orthotopically. Moreover, we profoundly confirm our preclinical results with histological studies on patient specimens.
RESULTS
We show that Olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursor-like glioma cells invade by single-cell vessel co-option and preserve the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conversely, Olig2-negative glioma cells form dense perivascular collections and promote angiogenesis and BBB breakdown, leading to innate immune cell activation. Experimentally, Olig2 promotes Wnt7b expression, a finding that correlates in human glioma profiling. Targeted Wnt7a/7b deletion or pharmacologic Wnt inhibition blocks Olig2+ glioma single-cell vessel co-option and enhances responses to temozolomide. Finally, Olig2 and Wnt7 become upregulated after anti-VEGF treatment in preclinical models and patients.
CONCLUSION
Here, we show that glioma is able to employ vessel co-option, i.e. the movement of tumor cells towards and along the pre-existing vasculature.
Glioma oligodendrocyte-like (OPCL) cells express Wnt7 that is necessary for vessel co-option and Wnt inhibitors significantly improve survival with temozolomide. Moreover, we demonstrated that anti-VEGF-treatment of glioma selects for Olig2/Wnt7+ cells
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Unbiased Drug Discovery Approaches to Identify Novel Radiosensitizers from Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) Portfolio of Drugs in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Radiotherapy vs. Trans-Oral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC): Results of a Randomized Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Harnessing the Differential Immune Signature of High Versus Low Linear Energy Transfer Protons to Elicit Potent Systemic Immune Responses in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Patient Setup Management for Pancreatic SBRT: Daily CT Based Assessment of Setup Accuracy using Vertebral Bone, Fiducial Markers, Biliary Stent, and Soft-Tissue Targeting. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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IMRT Reduces Acute Toxicity in Patients Treated with Preoperative Chemoradiation for Gastric Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Replantation in scapulothoracic avulsion amputation of the right upper limb in a 3-year-old child- A preliminary report. Indian J Plast Surg 2019; 49:279-282. [PMID: 27833298 PMCID: PMC5053008 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.191308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Replantations for major amputations of upper extremity have been widely performed. We report a unique case of successful replantation of scapulothoracic avulsion amputation in a child. In this manuscript, we discuss the various challenges faced during the procedure and chances of neural recovery.
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Development and Application of a Novel Patient-Reported Outcome Measure on QoL and Facial Aesthetics-A Study on South Indian Population. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2019; 56:1340-1352. [PMID: 31146577 DOI: 10.1177/1055665619852571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of cleft therapy has progressed from simply correcting the deformity to uplifting the patient's quality of life (QoL). At the end of comprehensive treatment, a patient with cleft lip and palate (CLP) should report with satisfactory QoL scores in all domains such as aesthetics, speech, function, and psychology. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a novel, disease-specific questionnaire designed in 2 regional languages to assess the QoL in young adult patients with CLP of South India following comprehensive treatment. METHODS A preliminary questionnaire was created from the literature review and patient interviews, considering regional sociodemographic conditions. The questionnaire was then validated by subject experts and pilot tested. The resultant tool was implemented on patients at treatment completion. Data collected were assimilated for statistical evaluation. RESULTS The questionnaire was deemed reliable (Cronbach α = .854 and test-retest reliability, κ = 0.8) and was administered to 100 young adult patients with CLP (mean age: 22 years). A large majority (83%) of the population felt more confident about themselves, with positive responses to familial relations, social interaction, and self-image. About 25% of the patients faced problems with speech regularly, while a majority of patients did not face problems with chewing and swallowing. Nearly 60% of patients were fully satisfied with their facial appearance, while others had concerns about their lip and nose aesthetics. The results were descriptive of the local population. CONCLUSIONS Most patients achieved satisfactory QoL in all domains following comprehensive multispeciality therapy. The novel tool is simple, reliable, and can be adapted to homogenous population groups.
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384 First in human use of a novel in vivo gene therapy to successfully correct recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) skin: Results of a phase 1/2 placebo controlled trial. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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