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Dai Z, Pi Q, Liu Y, Hu L, Li B, Zhang B, Wang Y, Jiang M, Qi X, Li W, Gui S, Llaca V, Fengler K, Thatcher S, Li Z, Liu X, Fan X, Lai Z. ZmWAK02 encoding an RD-WAK protein confers maize resistance against gray leaf spot. New Phytol 2024; 241:1780-1793. [PMID: 38058244 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Gray leaf spot (GLS) caused by Cercospora zeina or C. zeae-maydis is a major maize disease throughout the world. Although more than 100 QTLs resistant against GLS have been identified, very few of them have been cloned. Here, we identified a major resistance QTL against GLS, qRglsSB, explaining 58.42% phenotypic variation in SB12×SA101 BC1 F1 population. By fine-mapping, it was narrowed down into a 928 kb region. By using transgenic lines, mutants and complementation lines, it was confirmed that the ZmWAK02 gene, encoding an RD wall-associated kinase, is the responsible gene in qRglsSB resistant against GLS. The introgression of the ZmWAK02 gene into hybrid lines significantly improves their grain yield in the presence of GLS pressure and does not reduce their grain yield in the absence of GLS. In summary, we cloned a gene, ZmWAK02, conferring large effect of GLS resistance and confirmed its great value in maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianyu Pi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingchen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518000, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 110161, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 110161, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 110161, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | - Ziwei Li
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, 678699, Ruili, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institue of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Zhibing Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518000, Shenzhen, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
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Jiao S, Mamidi S, Chamberlin MA, Beatty M, Thatcher S, Simcox KD, Maina F, Wang-Nan H, Johal GS, Heetland L, Marla SR, Meeley RB, Schmutz J, Morris GP, Multani DS. Parallel tuning of semi-dwarfism via differential splicing of Brachytic1 in commercial maize and smallholder sorghum. New Phytol 2023; 240:1930-1943. [PMID: 37737036 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the current genomic era, the search and deployment of new semi-dwarf alleles have continued to develop better plant types in all cereals. We characterized an agronomically optimal semi-dwarf mutation in Zea mays L. and a parallel polymorphism in Sorghum bicolor L. We cloned the maize brachytic1 (br1-Mu) allele by a modified PCR-based Sequence Amplified Insertion Flanking Fragment (SAIFF) approach. Histology and RNA-Seq elucidated the mechanism of semi-dwarfism. GWAS linked a sorghum plant height QTL with the Br1 homolog by resequencing a West African sorghum landraces panel. The semi-dwarf br1-Mu allele encodes an MYB transcription factor78 that positively regulates stalk cell elongation by interacting with the polar auxin pathway. Semi-dwarfism is due to differential splicing and low functional Br1 wild-type transcript expression. The sorghum ortholog, SbBr1, co-segregates with the major plant height QTL qHT7.1 and is alternatively spliced. The high frequency of the Sbbr1 allele in African landraces suggests that African smallholder farmers used the semi-dwarf allele to improve plant height in sorghum long before efforts to introduce Green Revolution-style varieties in the 1960s. Surprisingly, variants for differential splicing of Brachytic1 were found in both commercial maize and smallholder sorghum, suggesting parallel tuning of plant architecture across these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Jiao
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Sujan Mamidi
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | | | - Mary Beatty
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Shawn Thatcher
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Kevin D Simcox
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Fanna Maina
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Hu Wang-Nan
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Gurmukh S Johal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lynn Heetland
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Sandeep R Marla
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Robert B Meeley
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Morris
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
- Soil & Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Plant Sciences Building, Fort Collins, CO, 11111, USA
| | - Dilbag S Multani
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
- Napigen Inc., 200 Powder Mill Road, Delaware Innovation Space - E500, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
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Thatcher S, Jung M, Panangipalli G, Fengler K, Sanyal A, Li B, Llaca V, Habben J. The NLRomes of Zea mays NAM founder lines and Zea luxurians display presence-absence variation, integrated domain diversity, and mobility. Mol Plant Pathol 2023; 24:742-757. [PMID: 36929631 PMCID: PMC10257044 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause significant crop loss worldwide, and new resistance genes deployed to combat diseases can be overcome quickly. Understanding the existing resistance gene diversity within the germplasm of major crops, such as maize, is crucial for the development of new disease-resistant varieties. We analysed the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) of 26 recently sequenced diverse founder lines from the maize nested association mapping (NAM) population and compared them to the R gene complement present in a wild relative of maize, Zea luxurians. We found that NLRs in both species contain a large diversity of atypical integrated domains, including many domains that have not previously been found in the NLRs of other species. Additionally, the single Z. luxurians genome was found to have greater integrated atypical domain diversity than all 26 NAM founder lines combined, indicating that this species may represent a rich source of novel resistance genes. NLRs were also found to have very high sequence diversity and presence-absence variation among the NAM founder lines, with a large NLR cluster on Chr10 representing a diversity hotspot. Additionally, NLRs were shown to be mobile within maize genomes, with several putative interchromosomal translocations identified.
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Thatcher S, Leonard A, Lauer M, Panangipalli G, Norman B, Hou Z, Llaca V, Hu WN, Qi X, Jaqueth J, Severns D, Whitaker D, Wilson B, Tabor G, Li B. The northern corn leaf blight resistance gene Ht1 encodes an nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat immune receptor. Mol Plant Pathol 2023; 24:758-767. [PMID: 36180934 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Northern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum, is a major disease of maize. The first major locus conferring resistance to E. turcicum race 0, Ht1, was identified over 50 years ago, but the underlying gene has remained unknown. We employed a map-based cloning strategy to identify the Ht1 causal gene, which was found to be a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene, which we named PH4GP-Ht1. Transgenic testing confirmed that introducing the native PH4GP-Ht1 sequence to a susceptible maize variety resulted in resistance to E. turcicum race 0. A survey of the maize nested association mapping genomes revealed that susceptible Ht1 alleles had very low to no expression of the gene. Overexpression of the susceptible B73 allele, however, did not result in resistant plants, indicating that sequence variations may underlie the difference between resistant and susceptible phenotypes. Modelling of the PH4GP-Ht1 protein indicated that it has structural homology to the Arabidopsis NLR resistance gene ZAR1, and probably forms a similar homopentamer structure following activation. RNA sequencing data from an infection time course revealed that 1 week after inoculation there was a threefold reduction in fungal biomass in the PH4GP-Ht1 transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants. Furthermore, PH4GP-Ht1 transgenics had significantly more inoculation-responsive differentially expressed genes than wild-type plants, with enrichment seen in genes associated with both defence and photosynthesis. These results demonstrate that the NLR PH4GP-Ht1 is the causal gene underlying Ht1, which represents a different mode of action compared to the previously reported wall-associated kinase northern corn leaf blight resistance gene Htn1/Ht2/Ht3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Thatcher
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - April Leonard
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - Marianna Lauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
- Oxford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Bret Norman
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - Zhenglin Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor Llaca
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - Wang-Nan Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
- Kissimmee, Florida, USA
| | - Xiuli Qi
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - Jennifer Jaqueth
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - Dina Severns
- Department of Seed Product Development, Corteva Agriscience, Windfall, Indiana, USA
| | - David Whitaker
- Department of Seed Product Development, Corteva Agriscience, New Holland, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bill Wilson
- Department of Seed Product Development, Corteva Agriscience, Windfall, Indiana, USA
| | - Girma Tabor
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
| | - Bailin Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA
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Deng C, Leonard A, Cahill J, Lv M, Li Y, Thatcher S, Li X, Zhao X, Du W, Li Z, Li H, Llaca V, Fengler K, Marshall L, Harris C, Tabor G, Li Z, Tian Z, Yang Q, Chen Y, Tang J, Wang X, Hao J, Yan J, Lai Z, Fei X, Song W, Lai J, Zhang X, Shu G, Wang Y, Chang Y, Zhu W, Xiong W, Sun J, Li B, Ding J. The RppC-AvrRppC NLR-effector interaction mediates the resistance to southern corn rust in maize. Mol Plant 2022; 15:904-912. [PMID: 35032688 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Southern corn rust (SCR), caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora, is a major threat to maize production worldwide. Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of SCR. Here, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of RppC, which encodes an NLR-type immune receptor and is responsible for a major SCR resistance quantitative trait locus. Furthermore, we identified the corresponding avirulence effector, AvrRppC, which is secreted by P. polysora and triggers RppC-mediated resistance. Allelic variation of AvrRppC directly determines the effectiveness of RppC-mediated resistance, indicating that monitoring of AvrRppC variants in the field can guide the rational deployment of RppC-containing hybrids in maize production. Currently, RppC is the most frequently deployed SCR resistance gene in China, and a better understanding of its mode of action is critical for extending its durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Deng
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | | | | | - Meng Lv
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | - Xueying Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenjie Du
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huimin Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Girma Tabor
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xintao Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junjie Hao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhibing Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohong Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, 56237 Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Guoping Shu
- Center of Biotechnology, Beijing Lantron Seed, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Center of Biotechnology, Beijing Lantron Seed, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Weiling Zhu
- Henan Dingyou Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, 56237 Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Bailin Li
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA.
| | - Junqiang Ding
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Singh S, Nuyts S, Doline R, Satti S, Schwartz M, Thatcher S, Chen Y, Katz S, Garg M, Wagemans J, Specenier P, Wittekindt C, Lee L, Reifler J, Sonis S, Emanuel M, Cilli F, Joslyn A, Wade J. Severe oral mucositis (SOM) mitigation by genetically modified lactococcus lactis bacteria (LLB) producing human trefoil factor 1 (hTFF1; AG013) in patients being treated with concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) for oral and oropharyngeal cancers (OCOPC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz252.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Danilevskaya ON, Yu G, Meng X, Xu J, Stephenson E, Estrada S, Chilakamarri S, Zastrow‐Hayes G, Thatcher S. Developmental and transcriptional responses of maize to drought stress under field conditions. Plant Direct 2019; 3:e00129. [PMID: 31245774 PMCID: PMC6589525 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a common abiotic stress which significantly limits global crop productivity. Maize is an important staple crop and its yield is determined by successful development of the female inflorescence, the ear. We investigated drought stress responses across several developmental stages of the maize B73 inbred line under field conditions. Drought suppressed plant growth, but had little impact on progression through developmental stages. While ear growth was suppressed by drought, the process of spikelet initiation was not significantly affected. Tassel growth was reduced to a lesser extent compared to the observed reduction in ear growth under stress. Parallel RNA-seq profiling of leaves, ears, and tassels at several developmental stages revealed tissue-specific differences in response to drought stress. High temperature fluctuation was an additional environmental factor that also likely influenced gene expression patterns in the field. Drought induced significant transcriptional changes in leaves and ears but only minor changes in the tassel. Additionally, more genes were drought responsive in ears compared to leaves over the course of drought treatment. Genes that control DNA replication, cell cycle, and cell division were significantly down-regulated in stressed ears, which was consistent with inhibition of ear growth under drought. Inflorescence meristem genes were affected by drought to a lesser degree which was consistent with the minimal impact of drought on spikelet initiation. In contrast, genes that are involved in floret and ovule development were sensitive to stress, which is consistent with the detrimental effect of drought on gynoecium development and kernel set.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - GongXin Yu
- Iowa Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | | | - John Xu
- Indigo AgricultureCharlestownMassachusetts
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Larian N, Thatcher S, Ensor M, Cassis L. Pyocyanin, a Pathogen-Associated Ligand of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Septic Cachexia. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Xiao Y, Thatcher S, Wang M, Wang T, Beatty M, Zastrow-Hayes G, Li L, Li J, Li B, Yang X. Transcriptome analysis of near-isogenic lines provides molecular insights into starch biosynthesis in maize kernel. J Integr Plant Biol 2016; 58:713-23. [PMID: 26676690 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the major component in maize kernels, providing a stable carbohydrate source for humans and livestock as well as raw material for the biofuel industry. Increasing maize kernel starch content will help meet industry demands and has the potential to increase overall yields. We developed a pair of maize near-isogenic lines (NILs) with different alleles for a starch quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3 (qHS3), resulting in different kernel starch content. To investigate the candidate genes for qHS3 and elucidate their effects on starch metabolism, RNA-Seq was performed for the developing kernels of the NILs at 14 and 21 d after pollination (DAP). Analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data identified 76 genes with nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and 384 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the introgressed fragment, including a hexokinase gene, ZmHXK3a, which catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and may play a key role in starch metabolism. The expression pattern of all DEGs in starch metabolism shows that altered expression of the candidate genes for qHS3 promoted starch synthesis, with positive consequences for kernel starch content. These results expand the current understanding of starch biosynthesis and accumulation in maize kernels and provide potential candidate genes to increase starch content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingni Xiao
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shawn Thatcher
- DuPont Pioneer, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA
| | - Min Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agricultural and Forest University, Yang Ling 712100, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | | | - Lin Li
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bailin Li
- DuPont Pioneer, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Stockmann C, Rogatcheva M, Harrel B, Vaughn M, Crisp R, Poritz M, Thatcher S, Korgenski EK, Barney T, Daly J, Pavia AT. How well does physician selection of microbiologic tests identify Clostridium difficile and other pathogens in paediatric diarrhoea? Insights using multiplex PCR-based detection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:179.e9-15. [PMID: 25599941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the aetiologic yield of standard-of-care microbiologic testing ordered by physicians with that of a multiplex PCR platform. Stool specimens obtained from children and young adults with gastrointestinal illness were evaluated by standard laboratory methods and a developmental version of the FilmArray Gastrointestinal (GI) Diagnostic System (FilmArray GI Panel), a rapid multiplex PCR platform that detects 23 bacterial, viral and protozoal agents. Results were classified according to the microbiologic tests requested by the treating physician. A median of three (range 1-10) microbiologic tests were performed by the clinical laboratory during 378 unique diarrhoeal episodes. A potential aetiologic agent was identified in 46% of stool specimens by standard laboratory methods and in 65% of specimens tested using the FilmArray GI Panel (p < 0.001). For those patients who only had Clostridium difficile testing requested, an alternative pathogen was identified in 29% of cases with the FilmArray GI Panel. Notably, 11 (12%) cases of norovirus were identified among children who only had testing for Clostridium difficile ordered. Among those who had C. difficile testing ordered in combination with other tests, an additional pathogen was identified in 57% of stool specimens with the FilmArray GI Panel. For patients who had no C. difficile testing performed, the FilmArray GI Panel identified a pathogen in 63% of cases, including C. difficile in 8%. Physician-specified laboratory testing may miss important diarrhoeal pathogens. Additionally, standard laboratory testing is likely to underestimate co-infections with multiple infectious diarrhoeagenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stockmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - M Rogatcheva
- BioFire Diagnostics Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - B Harrel
- BioFire Diagnostics Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Vaughn
- BioFire Diagnostics Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Crisp
- BioFire Diagnostics Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Poritz
- BioFire Diagnostics Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Thatcher
- BioFire Diagnostics Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - E K Korgenski
- Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T Barney
- Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J Daly
- Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A T Pavia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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11
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Black J, Dykes A, Thatcher S, Brown D, Bryda E, Wright G. FRET analysis of actin–myosin interaction in contracting rat aortic smooth muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:327-36. [DOI: 10.1139/y09-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the interaction of smooth muscle myosin with α-actin and β-actin isoforms during the contraction of A7r5 smooth muscle cells and rat aortic smooth muscle. The techniques of confocal microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis were utilized in examining A7r5 cells and rat aortic rings contracted with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Visual evaluation of confocal images of A7r5 smooth muscle cells contracted by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate indicated significant disassociation of myosin from α-actin but not β-actin. Whole-cell FRET analysis confirmed these observations (α-actin–myosin –67%, β-actin–myosin –2%). Time course studies further showed that α-actin–myosin complex increased significantly (40%) within 1.5 min after the addition of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and then declined as contraction progressed. FRET analysis of rat aortic rings at different intervals of contraction indicated significant increases in α-actin–myosin at the initiation (79%) and plateau (67%) in force development, but not during the intermediate period of slowly developing tension (–4%). By comparison, β-actin–myosin complex was unchanged except during slow force development, in which the association was significantly decreased (–30%). Similar to that of α-actin–myosin, Alexa 488 – phalloidin staining fluorescence indicated increased tissue F-actin content at the initiation (21%) and plateau (62%) in force. FRET images indicated the development of thickened cables and patches of α-actin–myosin in tissue throughout the interval of contraction. The results provide direct evidence of dynamic remodeling of the contractile protein during vascular smooth muscle contraction and suggest that FRET analysis may be a powerful tool for assessment of tissue protein–protein associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Black
- The Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - A. Dykes
- The Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - S. Thatcher
- The Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - D. Brown
- The Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - E.C. Bryda
- The Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - G.L. Wright
- The Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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12
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Brown D, Dykes A, Black J, Thatcher S, Fultz ME, Wright GL. Differential actin isoform reorganization in the contracting A7r5 cell. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:867-75. [PMID: 17111031 DOI: 10.1139/y06-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the reorganization of alpha- and beta-actin in the contracting A7r5 smooth muscle cell. The remodeling of these actin variants was markedly different in response to increasing concentrations of phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu). At the lowest concentrations (< or =10(-7) mol/L), cells showed an approximately 70% loss in alpha-actin stress fibers with robust transport of this isoform to podosomes. By comparison, beta-actin remained in stress fibers in cells stimulated at low concentrations (< or =10(-7) mol/L) of PDBu. However, at high concentrations (> or =10(-6)mol/L) approximately 50% of cells showed transport of beta-actin to podosomes. Consistent with these findings, staining with phalloidin indicated a significant decrease in the whole-cell content of F-actin with PDBu treatment. However, staining with DNase I indicated no change in the cellular content of G-actin, suggesting reduced access of phalloidin to tightly packed actin in the podosome core. Inhibition of protein kinase C (staurosporine, bisindolymaleimide) blocked PDBu-induced (5 x 10(-8) mol/L) loss in alpha-actin stress fibers or reversed podosome formation with re-establishment of alpha-actin stress fibers. By comparison, these inhibitors caused partial loss of beta-actin stress fibers. The results support our earlier conclusion of independent remodeling of alpha- and beta-actin cytoskeletal structure and suggest that the regulation of these structures is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brown
- Department of Physiology, The Joan Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
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13
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Barnes M, Mansfield R, Thatcher S. THE SELECTION OF AN ION PAIRING REAGENT FOR DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING A STABILITY-INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR CROMOLYN SODIUM AND ITS KNOWN IMPURITIES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Thatcher
- a Lilly Research Laboratories , Lilly Corporate Center , Division of Eli Lilly & Co. , Indianapolis, IN, 46285, U.S.A
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14
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Mansfield R, Huang J, Thatcher S, Miller RB, Davis CW. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CROMOLYN SODIUM AND ITS RELATED SUBSTANCES IN CROMOLYN SODIUM DRUG SUBSTANCE AND CROMOLYN SODIUM INHALATION SOLUTION, 1.0%. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes, or the remote effects of cancer on the nervous system, can result in significant functional impairment. One syndrome in particular, paraneoplastic subacute cerebellar degeneration (PSCD), may be severely disabling. Patients with PSCD can experience severe ataxia resulting in an inability to ambulate or perform their activities of daily living. Little has been written about the value of rehabilitation in cases of paraneoplastic syndrome. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with PSCD who experienced improvements in all functional activities after comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation. She has maintained her improved functional status after discharge; her case is testimony to the value of rehabilitation in paraneoplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sliwa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Medical School, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, IL 60611
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16
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Abstract
Incarceration and sacculation of a retroflexed gravid uterus is relatively benign, in contrast with pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn which can lead to perforation and hemorrhage. We report a case of pregnancy in an incarcerated sacculated non-communicating rudimentary horn mimicking incarceration with sacculation of a retroflexed gravid uterus. Both physical and sonographic findings were unhelpful in the differential diagnosis. Therefore, decision for laparotomy in such cases should be based on severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Nwosu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City
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17
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Shamma FN, Penzias AS, Thatcher S, DeCherney AH, Lavy G. Corpus luteum function in successful in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril 1992; 57:1107-9. [PMID: 1572481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The function of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy has been subject to some controversy. The purpose of our study was to determine the life span of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy after successful GnRH-a/hMG stimulation in IVF-ET. The study consisted of a retrospective analysis of patients after 12 successful singleton intrauterine IVF-ET cycles. Serum samples were obtained during early pregnancy beginning 14 days after hCG administration. The levels of 17 alpha-OHP, hCG, P, and E2 were measured in each sample. A significant negative correlation was noted between 17 alpha-OHP and date from hCG. The x-intercept of the regression line allowed estimation of the life span of the corpus luteum to be 72 +/- 25 days. In conclusion, in GnRH-a/hMG-stimulated IVF-ET cycles that result in a singleton pregnancy, the functional life span of the corpus luteum averages 72 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Shamma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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18
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Aitken RJ, Thatcher S, Glasier AF, Clarkson JS, Wu FC, Baird DT. Relative ability of modified versions of the hamster oocyte penetration test, incorporating hyperosmotic medium or the ionophore A23187, to predict IVF outcome. Hum Reprod 1987; 2:227-31. [PMID: 3110205 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the relationship between IVF outcome and the results obtained with two modified versions of the zona-free hamster oocyte penetration test in which the spermatozoa were pre-incubated with either hyperosmotic medium or the divalent cation ionophore A23187. When the former system was used, a poor correlation with IVF outcome was observed. Samples screened prior to IVF exhibited a 60% false negative rate (failed penetration test, successful IVF), while for those assessed concurrently with IVF, the equivalent figure was 85.7%. Addition of A23187 optimized the penetration system giving higher levels of sperm--oocyte fusion and a more accurate prediction of the capacity of the spermatozoa to fertilize human ova in vitro. With this system the false negative rate was 4.3% for screened samples and 0% for those assessed simultaneously with IVF. These results suggest that the A23187-enhanced system may be of value as a screening criterion for IVF.
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