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Ho CS, Hoad K, Cooke BR, Andersen T, Graham P, van den Berg SAA, Hartmann MF, Lo CWS, Loh TP, de Rijke YB, van Zelst BD, Wudy SA, Zakaria R, Greaves RF. Ensuring quality in 17OHP mass spectrometry measurement: an international study assessing isomeric steroid interference. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:911-918. [PMID: 38063179 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interference from isomeric steroids is a potential cause of disparity between mass spectrometry-based 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) results. We aimed to assess the proficiency of mass spectrometry laboratories to report 17OHP in the presence of known isomeric steroids. METHODS A series of five samples were prepared using a previously demonstrated commutable approach. These samples included a control (spiked to 15.0 nmol/L 17OHP) and four challenge samples further enriched with equimolar concentrations of 17OHP isomers (11α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11β-hydroxyprogesterone, 16α-hydroxyprogesterone or 21-hydroxyprogesterone). These samples were distributed to 38 participating laboratories that reported serum 17OHP results using mass spectrometry in two external quality assurance programs. The result for each challenge sample was compared to the control sample submitted by each participant. RESULTS Twenty-six laboratories (68 % of distribution) across three continents returned results. Twenty-five laboratories used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and one used gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure 17OHP. The all-method median of the control sample was 14.3 nmol/L, ranging from 12.4 to 17.6 nmol/L. One laboratory had results that approached the lower limit of tolerance (minus 17.7 % of the control sample), suggesting the isomeric steroid caused an irregular result. CONCLUSIONS Most participating laboratories demonstrated their ability to reliably measure 17OHP in the presence of the four clinically relevant isomeric steroids. The performance of the 12 (32 %) laboratories that did not engage in this activity remains unclear. We recommend that all laboratories offering LC-MS/MS analysis of 17OHP in serum, plasma, or dried bloodspots determine that the isomeric steroids are appropriately separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kirsten Hoad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brian R Cooke
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Peter Graham
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sjoerd A A van den Berg
- Department Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit of the Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clara W S Lo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand D van Zelst
- Department Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit of the Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rosita Zakaria
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Suresh S, Freedman A, Adams M, Hirsch E, Ernst LM. Placental histology for targeted risk assessment of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:452.e1-452.e11. [PMID: 37751829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous preterm birth significantly increases the risk for a recurrent preterm birth. Only a few identifiable clinical risk factors can be referenced in counseling for recurrent preterm birth. Furthermore, treatment using progesterone supplementation has not consistently prevented preterm birth among high-risk patients, but it may be effective in a subset of those patients. Placental pathology from a previous pregnancy may be used to predict which patients will experience a recurrent preterm birth or to identify a subset of patients more likely to respond to treatment with antenatal progesterone. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine if histologic patterns are associated with recurrent preterm birth among patients with an index spontaneous preterm birth. A secondary objective was to determine if placental histologic types and/or progesterone receptor density in the decidua are associated with the response to progesterone supplementation with intramuscular 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study at a single institution of women with singleton pregnancies with an index spontaneous preterm birth and a subsequent birth within the same hospital system between 2009 and 2019. Patients were included if placental pathology was available for the index spontaneous preterm birth. A logistic regression was used to determine if there were independent associations between 4 histologic types (acute inflammation, maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, chronic inflammation) and recurrent preterm birth. For the secondary endpoint, 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate response was defined as prolonging gestation by >3 weeks beyond the gestational age at delivery in the index pregnancy. Patients who delivered <3 weeks beyond the gestational age in the index pregnancy but at ≥39 weeks' gestation were excluded. A logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between placental histology and 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate response. Sensitivity analyses were completed using only patients with an index birth <36 weeks' gestation, and then excluding those with medically indicated preterm birth in a subsequent pregnancy. A nested case-control immunohistochemical study was done among 20 patients with a subsequent term birth and 20 patients with a subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. The percentage of cells in the maternal decidua positive for progesterone receptors was correlated with the subsequent pregnancy outcome. RESULTS A total of 352 patients were included. Acute inflammation was the most common histologic type seen among patients with spontaneous preterm birth (44.1%), followed by chronic inflammation (40.9%) and maternal vascular malperfusion (31.3%). No histologic type was independently associated with recurrent preterm birth. A total of 155 patients received 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in a second pregnancy. Low-grade acute inflammation was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate response. Low-grade maternal vascular malperfusion among those with an index pregnancy delivered at <36 weeks' gestation was significantly associated with a more than 4 times increased likelihood of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate response when excluding those with a subsequent iatrogenic preterm birth. Progesterone receptor staining was not associated with recurrent preterm birth. CONCLUSION Although acute inflammation was prevalent among spontaneous preterm births, more than half of the spontaneous preterm births were not associated with acute inflammation. Low-grade acute inflammation was associated with a significantly decreased response to 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate supplementation. Low-grade maternal vascular malperfusion was associated with a 4-fold increased likelihood of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate response among those with index deliveries <36 weeks' gestation. Further work is needed to determine if placental pathologic examination can be used to target treatment in subsequent pregnancies to prevent recurrent preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Suresh
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL.
| | - Alexa Freedman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Marci Adams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda M Ernst
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Director of Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
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Fonseca HAR, Bittencourt CR, Monteiro AM, Fonseca FA, Sanches LR, Ferreira CEDS, Neto AMF, Gidlund M, Izar MC. Immunometabolic and Vascular Health Responses among High Endurance Trained Subjects. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:245-252. [PMID: 37793434 DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of high endurance training on vascular health parameters and immune-endocrine responses against modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. This observational, cross-sectional study included high endurance-trained and healthy non-trained subjects. Vascular ultrasound was used to assess vascular health parameters based on carotid intima-media thickness and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, autoantibody isotypes anti-oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and anti-apolipoprotein B (ApoB-D) peptide. Plasma levels of the corticosterone and 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone hormones were analyzed by mass spectrometry. This study enrolled 96 subjects, of whom 44 were high endurance trained and 52 were healthy non-trained individuals. Smaller carotid intima-media thickness values were observed in the high-endurance trained than in the healthy non-trained males, while no differences were observed between female groups. Flow-mediated dilation measurements did not differ by training or sex. The humoral immune responses to IgG anti-oxLDL and IgM anti-ApoB-D autoantibodies showed an isotype imbalance between the high-endurance trained and the non-trained groups. Immunoendocrine parameters showed inverse correlations between 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness measurements. Direct correlations were found between IL-10 concentrations and flow-mediated dilation measurements. Chronic high-endurance exercise modulates immune-endocrine and vascular health parameters, in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique A R Fonseca
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Celia Regina Bittencourt
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Moreira Monteiro
- Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Antonio Fonseca
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Magnus Gidlund
- Department of Immunology, Institute Biomedical Science IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Izar
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Technology in Complex Fluids, Physics Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang J, Sun Y, Deng Q, Wang X, Cai W, Chen Y. A novel MAMLD1 variant in a newborn with hypospadias and elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:171-178. [PMID: 37996649 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disorders of sex development (DSD) have complex pathogenesis, and evidence suggests an association between MAMLD1 defects and DSD. MAMLD1 is expressed in gonadal tissues and affected males exhibit hypospadias, steroid hormone abnormalities, or gonadal underdevelopment. We performed genetic testing on a newborn patient with severe hypospadias and an elevation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OH) for the diagnosis of DSD. METHODS Genetic testing of the proband and parents was conducted using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. The identified variant was transfected into HEK293T cells to assess mutant protein expression using western blot (WB) and into steroidogenic NCI-H295R cells to assess MAMLD1 and CYP17A1 transcript levels using qPCR. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to construct a structural model and analyze potential biological implications. RESULTS A novel heterozygous variant was identified in the proband's MAMLD1, NM_005491.5: c.1619_1637del (p.Gln540Alafs*72), inherited from the mother. In transfected cells, the wild-type and mutant proteins were 86.2 and 68.3 kDa, respectively, indicating the formation of a truncated protein. While MAMLD1 transcription was not affected, CYP17A1 transcription levels decreased with the variant compared to wild-type, suggesting an impact on the transactivation of CYP17A1. The truncated protein exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, owing to the absence of the C-terminal structural portion, resulting in a looser protein structure. CONCLUSION Severe hypospadias in the proband may be attributed to a novel MAMLD1 variant, whereas the 17α-OH elevation might be related to interference with CYP17A1 transcriptional activation. This study expands the spectrum of MAMLD1 variants and underscores the critical role of genetic testing in the diagnosis of DSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Wangjiang Road & No.39, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yafeng Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Wangjiang Road & No.39, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Wangjiang Road & No.39, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Wangjiang Road & No.39, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjuan Cai
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Wangjiang Road & No.39, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Wangjiang Road & No.39, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Koren I, Weintrob N, Kebesch R, Majdoub H, Stein N, Naor S, Segev-Becker A. Genotype-Specific Cortisol Reserve in a Cohort of Subjects With Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NCCAH). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:852-857. [PMID: 37715965 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent guidelines suggest that patients with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) stop glucocorticoid therapy after achieving adult height. However, these guidelines do not differentiate between NCCAH genotype groups. OBJECTIVE Compare ACTH-stimulated cortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels, and the rate of partial cortisol insufficiency in subjects with NCCAH carrying one mild and one severe (mild/severe) mutation vs subjects with biallelic mild (mild/mild) mutations. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of the medical records of 122 patients who presented with postnatal virilization and were diagnosed with NCCAH. Patients underwent standard intravenous 0.25 mg/m2 ACTH stimulation testing. Those with stimulated 17OHP level ≥40 nmol/L were screened for the 9 most frequent CYP21A2 gene mutations followed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. A stimulated cortisol level below 500 nmol/L was defined as partial cortisol deficiency. RESULTS Patients were subdivided into 3 genotype groups: 77 carried the mild/mild genotype, mainly homozygous for p.V281L mutation; 29 were compound heterozygous for mild/severe mutation, mainly p.V281L/p.I2Splice, and 16 were heterozygous for p.V281L, and were excluded from statistical evaluation. Stimulated cortisol levels were significantly lower in the mild/severe than in the mild/mild group (mean ± SD, 480 ± 90 vs 570 ± 125 nmol/L, P < .001). The mild/severe group exhibited a significantly higher rate of partial cortisol insufficiency (21/28, 75% vs 28/71, 39%, P = .004). Peak 17OHP was significantly higher in the mild/severe group (198 ± 92 vs 118 ± 50 nmol/L, P < .001). CONCLUSION The high rate of partial adrenal insufficiency in the mild/severe group underscores the need to carefully consider the value of glucocorticoid therapy cessation and the importance of stress coverage in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Koren
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa 3436212, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Naomi Weintrob
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Rebekka Kebesch
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Hussein Majdoub
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Nili Stein
- Statistics Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Shulamit Naor
- Endocrine laboratory, Clalit Health Services, Haifa 3688847, Israel
| | - Anat Segev-Becker
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Тюльпаков МА, Нагаева ЕВ, Калинченко НЮ, Безлепкина ОБ. [A promising approach for therapy control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Problems of Endocrinology]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 2024; 69:102-108. [PMID: 38311999 PMCID: PMC10848187 DOI: 10.14341/probl13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders requiring lifelong glucocorticoid replacement (GC) therapy. Lack of GC therapy leads to precocious puberty in boys, heterosexual development in girls, accelerated bone maturation and short final height in both sexes. In adolescence, the lack of GC therapy is the cause of menstrual disorders in girls and the development of TART in boys, as a result reducing the reproductive potential in both sexes. On the other hand, an overdose of GC leads to drug-induced Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome. In order to select adequate doses of GC in childhood and adolescence, multiple determinations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone in blood plasma, and thus multiple venous blood sampling are required. The blood sampling requires specially trained medical staff and can effect on the results due to stress reaction especially in young patients. Hence, the development and implementation of a non-invasive method for determining the steroid profile is extremely important in monitoring GC therapy in children. In addition, the currently used immunofluorescence assay cannot determine other adrenal steroids, has a high variation due to the «cross-reaction» of steroids that are similar in structure, which inflates the results. Unlike immunofluorescence assay, liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is more preferable method, since it is more specific and accurate. In this literature review, saliva presented as an alternative substrate and the non-invasive method for determining the steroid profile. This method can solve the above disadvantages, simplify and make more accurate the selection of GC therapy in patients with CAH, which is especially important in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. А. Тюльпаков
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Е. В. Нагаева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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Matemanosak P, Peeyananjarassri K, Suwanrath C, Wattanakumtornkul S, Klangsin S, Thiangphak E, Kanjanapradit K. Ovarian steroid cell tumor (not otherwise specified) with subsequent spontaneous pregnancy after tumor removal: a case report and literature review. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2186138. [PMID: 36878245 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2186138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid cell tumors not otherwise specified are rare sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary that may produce various steroids and are associated with hirsutism and virilization. We report a rare case of ovarian steroid cell tumor with subsequent spontaneous pregnancy after tumor removal. A 31-year-old woman presented with secondary amenorrhea, hirsutism, and inability to conceive. Clinical and diagnostic evaluations revealed a left adnexal mass and elevated serum total testosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone levels. She underwent a left salpingo-oophorectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a steroid cell tumor not otherwise specified. Her serum total testosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone normalized one month after surgery. Her menses resumed spontaneously one month after the operation. She spontaneously conceived 12 months after the surgery. The patient had an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivered a healthy male infant. In addition, we reviewed the literature on steroid cell tumors not otherwise specified with subsequent spontaneous pregnancies after surgery and data regarding pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phawat Matemanosak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Krantarat Peeyananjarassri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Chitkasaem Suwanrath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Saranya Wattanakumtornkul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Satit Klangsin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Ekasak Thiangphak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Kanet Kanjanapradit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Gusmano C, Garofalo V, Aversa A, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Predictive role of 17α-hydroxy-progesterone serum levels of response to follicle-stimulating hormone in patients with abnormal sperm parameters. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1193-1202. [PMID: 37748551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the possible role of serum 17α-hydroxy-progesterone (17αOH-P) levels in predicting favorable responses to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) administration in patients with normal serum FSH levels and idiopathic abnormal sperm parameters. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING University-affiliated fertility center. PATIENTS Fifty patients with oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and/or teratozoospermia and normal serum levels of gonadotropins and total testosterone (TT). INTERVENTION Treatment with exogenous FSH is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 150 IU 3 times a week for 3 consecutive months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Luteinizing hormone levels, FSH levels, TT levels, 17αOH-P levels, testicular volume, conventional sperm parameters, and seminal spermatid concentration were evaluated before and after therapy. To evaluate the predictive role of pretreatment serum 17αOH-P levels on FSH responsiveness, the doubling of sperm concentration at the end of the FSH administration was considered a positive outcome. RESULTS After therapy, patients showed a significant increase in sperm concentration, total sperm count (TSC), progressive motility, percentage of normal forms, FSH levels, TT levels, and testicular volume. There was a negative correlation between pretreatment 17αOH-P levels and the posttreatment increase in sperm concentration, TSC, progressive motility, and normal morphology, and a positive correlation with the posttreatment increase in spermatids. Predictive analysis showed that 17αOH-P levels (<1.18 ng/mL) foretold a doubling of sperm concentration with a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 73.3%, and of TSC with a sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 81.48%. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that pretreatment serum levels of 17αOH-P, a marker of steroidogenic function, appear to be able to predict the success of subcutaneous administration of exogenous FSH in terms of spermatogenesis improvement. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that 17αOH-P levels (<1.18 ng/mL) predict a doubling of sperm concentration and TSC after exogenous FSH administration to patients with idiopathic abnormal sperm parameters and normal gonadotropin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Gusmano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Garofalo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ng JL, Lim EM, Zhang R, Beilby JP, Watts GF, Brown SJ, Stuckey BGA. Serum 21-Deoxycortisol for Diagnosis of Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Women With Androgen Excess. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1560-e1570. [PMID: 37358001 PMCID: PMC10655544 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) requires exclusion before diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Increasing use of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) necessitates revision of immunoassay-based criteria for NCCAH. Measurement of 21-deoxycortisol (21DF) may simplify the diagnosis of heterozygosity (HTZ), the presence of 1 affected CYP21A2 allele, which currently relies on complex molecular studies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine LC-MS/MS-specific criteria for NCCAH and HTZ and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 21DF and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP). METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 99 hyperandrogenic females was performed. We identified females who had undergone both a synacthen stimulation test (SST) and CYP21A2 genotyping from 2010 to 2017, and prospectively recruited females referred for an SST to investigate hyperandrogenic symptoms from 2017 to 2021. Steroids were compared between genetically confirmed NCCAH, HTZ, and PCOS. Optimal 17OHP and 21DF thresholds for HTZ and NCCAH were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Basal 17OHP, stimulated 17OHP, and 21DF were measured in 99, 85, and 42 participants, respectively. Optimal thresholds for NCCAH were 3.0 nmol/L and 20.7 nmol/L for basal and stimulated 17OHP, respectively. Basal and stimulated 21DF thresholds of 0.31 nmol/L and 13.3 nmol/L provided 100% sensitivity with specificities of 96.8% and 100% for NCCAH, respectively. Diagnostic thresholds for HTZ of 8.0 nmol/L, 1.0 nmol/L, and 13.6 for stimulated 17OHP, 21DF, and the ratio (21DF + 17OHP)/cortisol each provided 100% sensitivity with specificities of 80.4%, 90.5%, and 85.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION LC-MS/MS-specific 17OHP thresholds for NCCAH are lower than those based on immunoassay. LC-MS/MS-quantified 17OHP and 21DF accurately discriminate HTZ and NCCAH from PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ng
- Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ee Mun Lim
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Chemical Pathology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, , Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Rui Zhang
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Chemical Pathology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Cardiometabolic Service, Departments of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, , Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Bronwyn G A Stuckey
- Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, , Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Affan M, Ilyas E. Discontinuation Of Long-Established Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate; Call For Awareness And Drug-Substitutes: A Letter To The Editor. J PAK MED ASSOC 2023; 73:2332. [PMID: 38013584 DOI: 10.47391/jpma.9960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Madam,
17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a synthetic progestin medication used to prevent preterm birth in pregnant women with a prior history of preterm birth. The drug has been used worldwide, including in Pakistan (local brand names Gravibinan and Proluton) for the prevention of PTBs and recurrent miscarriages. The drug is potent, cost-effective and readily available as IM injections. The FDA approved drug in 2011 after the Meis trial, which was regarded as a game-changer. [1] But many subsequent trials showed that the drug did not significantly lowered the risks of preterm births.
The PROLONG study, much larger than the Meis trial, that was conducted in association with the FDA between 2009 and 2018 as a confirmatory trial showed practice-changing results that 17 OHPC did not significantly reduce the risk of PTB and neonatal morbidity, hence not confirming treatment efficacy. [2] The FDA ultimately in 2023 issued a statement recalling Makena (17-OHPC) and its generics from the market stating that the drug had no significant role in reducing the risk of PTBs and has potential risks to the offspring in the long term. [3] A study by C. Murphy et. al published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology showed an increased risk of prostate, colorectal and pediatric brain cancer in offspring exposed to 17 OHPC especially during the first trimester. [4]
Micronized progesterones (locally available as Progefik and U-Progest) on the contrary, are chemically similar to human progesterone and are therefore regarded as ‘body-identical’. They are administered orally or vaginally and have similar effects as 17-OHPC in the prevention of PTB. A comparative study in India by Shambhavi et.al was one of the various studies to show that no significant difference in the two medications for the prevention of PTB and neonatal morbidity. [5] Micronized progesterone has largely gained popularity in recent years and has replaced 17-OHPC in preventing PTBs especially in women with short cervix.
17-OHPC is still being widely prescribed in Pakistan. Efforts should be made to spread awareness among the healthcare practitioners regarding the disapproval by FDA for continued use of 17-OHPC. Pakistan’s Drug Regulation Authority needs to act accordingly regarding the continued approval of the drug in the country and spread awareness about its substitutes with better potency and reduced risks. Moreover, continued research about the efficacy of other progesterones administered to reduce PTBs and their potential risk factors in the long run is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Affan
- Third Year MBBS Student, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Ilyas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Syed Medical College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Frey HA, Finneran MM, Hade EM, Waickman C, Lynch CD, Iams JD, Landon MB. A Comparison of Vaginal and Intramuscular Progesterone for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:1695-1703. [PMID: 34905780 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether vaginal progesterone is noninferior to 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP-C) in the prevention of recurrent preterm birth (PTB). STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included singleton pregnancies among women with a history of spontaneous PTB who received prenatal care at a single tertiary center from 2011 to 2016. Pregnancies were excluded if progesterone was not initiated prior to 24 weeks or the fetus had a major congenital anomaly. The primary outcome was PTB <37 weeks. A priori, noninferiority was to be established if the upper bound of the adjusted two-sided 90% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in PTB fell below 9%. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to carefully control for confounding associated with choice of treatment and PTB. Adjusted differences in PTB proportions were estimated via IPTW regression, with standard errors adjustment for multiple pregnancies per woman. Secondary outcomes included PTB <34 and <28 weeks, spontaneous PTB, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and gestational age at delivery. RESULTS Among 858 pregnancies, 41% (n = 353) received vaginal progesterone and 59% (n = 505) were given 17OHP-C. Vaginal progesterone use was more common later in the study period, and among women who established prenatal care later, had prior PTBs at later gestational ages, and whose race/ethnicity was neither non-Hispanic white nor non-Hispanic Black. Vaginal progesterone did not meet noninferiority criteria compared with 17-OHPC in examining PTB <37 weeks, with an IPTW adjusted difference of 3.4% (90% CI: -3.5, 10.3). For secondary outcomes, IPTW adjusted differences between treatment groups were generally small and CIs were wide. CONCLUSION We could not conclude noninferiority of vaginal progesterone to 17OHP-C; however, women and providers may be willing to accept a larger difference (>9%) when considering the cost and availability of vaginal progesterone versus 17OHP-C. A well-designed randomized trial is needed. KEY POINTS · Vaginal progesterone is not noninferior to 17OHP-C.. · PTB risk may be 10% higher with vaginal progesterone.. · Associations did not differ based on obesity status..
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Frey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew M Finneran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Erinn M Hade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Colleen Waickman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Courtney D Lynch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay D Iams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark B Landon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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Newfield RS, Sarafoglou K, Fechner PY, Nokoff NJ, Auchus RJ, Vogiatzi MG, Jeha GS, Giri N, Roberts E, Sturgeon J, Chan JL, Farber RH. Crinecerfont, a CRF1 Receptor Antagonist, Lowers Adrenal Androgens in Adolescents With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2871-2878. [PMID: 37216921 PMCID: PMC10583973 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crinecerfont, a corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce elevated adrenal androgens and precursors in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cortisol deficiency and androgen excess due to elevated adrenocorticotropin. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of crinecerfont in adolescents with 21OHD CAH. METHODS This was an open-label, phase 2 study (NCT04045145) at 4 centers in the United States. Participants were males and females, 14 to 17 years of age, with classic 21OHD CAH. Crinecerfont was administered orally (50 mg twice daily) for 14 consecutive days with morning and evening meals. The main outcomes were change from baseline to day 14 in circulating concentrations of ACTH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), androstenedione, and testosterone. RESULTS 8 participants (3 males, 5 females) were enrolled; median age was 15 years and 88% were Caucasian/White. After 14 days of crinecerfont, median percent reductions from baseline to day 14 were as follows: ACTH, -57%; 17OHP, -69%; and androstenedione, -58%. In female participants, 60% (3/5) had ≥50% reduction from baseline in testosterone. CONCLUSION Adolescents with classic 21OHD CAH had substantial reductions in adrenal androgens and androgen precursors after 14 days of oral crinecerfont administration. These results are consistent with a study of crinecerfont in adults with classic 21OHD CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron S Newfield
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Patricia Y Fechner
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Natalie J Nokoff
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria G Vogiatzi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George S Jeha
- Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Nagdeep Giri
- Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Eiry Roberts
- Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | | | - Jean L Chan
- Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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Liu E, Luo H, Zhou K, Zhang Y. Clinical analysis of 78 patients with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:871-882. [PMID: 36773044 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-06946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) as well as the relationship between the gene mutations and endocrine hormones. In addition, the relationship between different basal 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels and patients' glucolipid metabolism, hormone levels, pregnancy, and treatment outcomes were examined. METHODS Clinical data of 78 females with NC21OHD from January 2012 to July 2022 in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis was based on the 17OHP level combined with clinical manifestations, imaging, and other endocrine hormones and the cytochrome P450 c21, steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) gene. RESULTS The age at diagnosis of the 78 patients was 29.1 ± 4.2 years; 83.3% (65/78) of the patients had menstrual abnormalities, 70 patients were of childbearing age, and 97.1% (68/70) had a history of infertility with a median time of infertility of 3.6 years. Moreover, 71.8% (56/78) of the patients had polycystic ovaries, 26.9% (21/78) had hyperandrogenemia manifestations on physical examination, 66.7% (52/78) had adrenal hyperplasia, 32.1% (25/78) had combined dyslipidemia, and 41.0% (32/78) had combined insulin resistance. Pathogenic mutations were detected in 78.2% (61/78) of the patients with both CYP21A2 alleles; 14.1% (11/78) of the patients had only one allele and 7.7% (6/78) had no pathogenic mutations. The levels of total testosterone (TT), progesterone (P) (0 min, 30 min), and 17-OHP (0 min, 30 min, 60 min) in the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test varied between the groups. Furthermore, patients with NC21OHD were divided into 17OHP < 2 ng/ml, 2 ng/ml < 17OHP < 10 ng/ml, and 17OHP ≥ 10 ng/ml groups according to their different basal 17OHP levels. The 17OHP ≥ 10 ng/ml group had significantly higher TT, FT4, basal and post-stimulation progesterone, and 17OHP, net value added of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (△17OHP), net value added of 17-hydroxyprogesterone/net value added of cortisol ratio (△17OHP/△F), the incidence of adrenal hyperplasia, and number of gene mutations compared to those of the 17OHP < 2 ng/ml group (P < 0.05). NC21OHD infertile patients who received low-dose glucocorticoids showed a significant increase in pregnancy and live birth rates, and a significant decrease in miscarriage rate (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Comprehensive analysis is important as NCCAH diagnoses may be false positive or false negative based on clinical characteristics, hormone levels, and gene detection. Females with NC21OHD showed varying degrees of fertility decline; thus, low doses of glucocorticoid treatment for infertile females with NC21OHD can improve fertility and fertility outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengcong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailv Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Rivero MJ, Ory J, Diaz P, Thirumavalavan N, Han S, Reis IM, Ramasamy R. Comparison of Hematocrit Change in Testosterone-deficient Men Treated With Intranasal Testosterone Gel vs Intramuscular Testosterone Cypionate: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Urol 2023; 210:162-170. [PMID: 37126399 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000003487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our primary aim was to compare changes in hematocrit in testosterone-deficient men treated with intranasal testosterone gel vs intramuscular testosterone cypionate. MATERIALS AND METHODS This 2-arm, open-label, randomized trial recruited men with testosterone deficiency at the University of Miami between August 2020 and October 2022. Men with 2 total testosterone levels <350 ng/dL and hypogonadal symptoms, aged 18-75 years were randomly assigned to receive either intranasal testosterone gel 11 mg 3 times daily or intramuscular testosterone cypionate 200 mg every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was change in hematocrit after 4 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum testosterone, estradiol, prostate-specific antigen, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and the 6-item International Index of Erectile Function. RESULTS Of the 81 men randomized, 54 completed treatment (intranasal n=23; intramuscular n=31). The mean age was 47.5 vs 49.5 years, with mean baseline testosterone of 244.6 vs 240.7 ng/dL and mean hematocrit of 44.4% vs 42.7% in intranasal vs intramuscular groups, respectively. Men who received intramuscular injections had a significant increase after 4 months of treatment in mean hematocrit from 42.7% to 46.6% (P < .0001), but there was no significant change in men who received intranasal gel (P = .233). Men in both groups experienced significantly increased serum testosterone levels throughout the study period, though a larger increase was seen in men treated with intramuscular injections (mean change 511 vs 283, P = .025). Men who received injections also experienced an increase in estradiol (mean change 22.9, P < .001), decrease in 17-hydroxyprogesterone (mean change -39.8, P < .0001), and increase in the 6-item International Index of Erectile Function score (mean change 4.8, P = .015); men treated with intranasal gel experienced no such changes. Prostate-specific antigen levels were stable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal testosterone gel does not appear to significantly affect hematocrit levels. Men who wish to avoid polycythemia or changes in estradiol or 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels may benefit from short-acting testosterone therapy formulations such as intranasal gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco-Jose Rivero
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jesse Ory
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Parris Diaz
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nannan Thirumavalavan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sunwoo Han
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Isildinha M Reis
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Caritis SN, Costantine MM, Clark S, Stika CS, Kiley JW, Metz TD, Chauhan SP, Venkataramanan R. Relationship between plasma concentration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and gestational age at preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100980. [PMID: 37100349 PMCID: PMC10330330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate is unclear as trials have provided conflicting results. With the absence of fundamental pharmacologic studies addressing dosing or the relationship between drug concentration and gestational age at delivery, the effectiveness of the medication cannot be evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and preterm birth rates and gestational age at preterm delivery and to assess the safety of the 500-mg dose. STUDY DESIGN This study recruited 2 cohorts with previous spontaneous preterm birth; 1 cohort (n=143) was randomly assigned to either 250-mg or 500-mg 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, and the other cohort (n=16) was receiving the 250-mg dose for routine care. Steady-state trough plasma concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate obtained at 26 to 30 weeks of gestation were correlated to dose, spontaneous preterm birth rates, and measures of gestational length. Furthermore, maternal and neonatal safety outcomes were evaluated according to dose. RESULTS There was a dose proportional increase in trough plasma concentrations with the 250-mg (median, 8.6 ng/m; n=66) and 500-mg (median, 16.2 ng/mL; n=55) doses. In 116 compliant participants with blood samples, drug concentration was not related to the spontaneous preterm birth rate (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.08). However, there was a significant relationship between drug concentration and both the interval from the first administration to delivery (interval A: coefficient, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.00-2.23; P=.05) and the interval from the 26- to 30-week blood draw to delivery (interval B: coefficient, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-2.87; P=.02). The spontaneous preterm birth rate or measures of gestational length were not related to dose. Postenrollment cerclage adversely affected all pharmacodynamic assessments because it was a powerful predictor of spontaneous preterm birth (odds ratio, 4.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-13.19; P=.021) and both measures of gestational length (interval A [coefficient, -14.9; 95% confidence interval, -26.3 to -3.4; P=.011] and interval B [coefficient, -15.9; 95% confidence interval, -25.8 to -5.9; P=.002]). Initial cervical length was significantly related to the risk of postenrollment cerclage (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.92; P=.001). Maternal and neonatal safety outcomes were similar in both dosing groups. CONCLUSION In this pharmacodynamic study, trough plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate concentrations were significantly associated with gestational age at preterm birth but not with the preterm birth rate. Postenrollment cerclage was a powerful predictor of spontaneous preterm birth rate and gestational length. Initial cervical length predicted the risk of postenrollment cerclage. Adverse events were similar with the 500-mg and 250-mg doses of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve N Caritis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Caritis).
| | - Maged M Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX (Drs Costantine and Clark); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (Drs Costantine and Clark)
| | - Shannon Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX (Drs Costantine and Clark); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (Drs Costantine and Clark)
| | - Catherine S Stika
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Drs Stika and Kiley)
| | - Jessica W Kiley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Drs Stika and Kiley)
| | - Torri D Metz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah (Dr Metz)
| | - Suneet P Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (Dr Chauhan)
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA (Dr Venkataramanan)
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16
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Conlon TA, Hawkes CP, Brady JJ, Loeber JG, Murphy N. International Newborn Screening Practices for the Early Detection of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 97:113-125. [PMID: 37231960 DOI: 10.1159/000530754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newborn screening (NBS) programmes vary internationally in their approach to screening. Guidelines for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) screening recommend the use of two-tier testing and gestational age cutoffs to minimise false-positive results. The aims of this study were to describe (1) the approaches; (2) protocols used; and (3) available outcomes for CAH screening internationally. METHODS All members of the International Society for Neonatal Screening were asked to describe their CAH NBS protocols, with an emphasis on the use of second-tier testing, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) cutoffs, and gestational age and birth weight adjustments. If available, screening outcomes were requested. RESULTS Representatives from 23 screening programmes provided data. Most (n = 14; 61%) recommend sampling at 48-72 h of life. Fourteen (61%) use single-tier testing and 9 have a two-tier testing protocol. Gestational age cutoffs are used in 10 programmes, birth weight cutoffs in 3, and a combination of both in 9. One programme does not use either method of adjusting 17OHP cutoffs. Case definition of a positive test and the response to a positive test differed between programmes. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated significant variation across all aspects of NBS for CAH, including timing, the use of single versus two-tier testing and cutoff interpretation. Collaboration between international screening programmes and implementation of new techniques to improve screen efficacy will facilitate ongoing expansion and quality improvement in CAH NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Conlon
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin P Hawkes
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer J Brady
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Gerard Loeber
- Office of the International Society for Neonatal Screening, Maarssen, The Netherlands
| | - Nuala Murphy
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Lo CWS, Hoad K, Loh TP, van den Berg S, Cooke BR, Greaves RF, Hartmann MF, Wudy SA, Ho CS. Endogenous isobaric interference on serum 17 hydroxyprogesterone by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:e64-e66. [PMID: 36457285 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wai Shan Lo
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Kirsten Hoad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sjoerd van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian R Cooke
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit of the Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology at the Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit of the Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology at the Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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18
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Tschaidse L, Reisch N, Arlt W, Brac de la Perriere A, Linden Hirschberg A, Juul A, Mallappa A, Merke DP, Newell-Price JDC, Perry CG, Prete A, Rees DA, Stikkelbroeck NMML, Touraine PA, Coope H, Porter J, Ross RJM, Quinkler M. Modified-release hydrocortisone is associated with lower plasma renin activity in patients with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:6991929. [PMID: 36654495 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poorly controlled salt-wasting (SW) congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients often require high 9α-fluorocortisol doses as they show high levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), which is a mineralocorticoid (MC)-receptor antagonist. DESIGN We investigated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with SW-CAH receiving twice daily modified-release hydrocortisone (MR-HC, Efmody) compared with standard glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. METHODS Data were analyzed from the 6-month, phase 3 study of MR-HC (n = 42) versus standard GC therapy (n = 41). MC replacement therapy remained unchanged throughout the study. Blood pressure, serum potassium, serum sodium, plasma renin activity (PRA), and serum 17OHP and androstenedione concentrations were analyzed at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. RESULTS The median serum 17OHP in the morning was significantly lower on MR-HC compared with standard GC at 24 weeks (2.5 nmol L-1 (IQR 8.3) versus 10.5 nmol L-1 (IQR 55.2), P = .001). PRA decreased significantly from baseline to 24 weeks in patients on MR-HC (0.83 ng L-1 s-1 (IQR 1.0) to 0.48 ng L-1 s-1 (IQR 0.61), P = .012) but not in patients on standard GC (0.53 ng L-1 s-1 (IQR 0.66) to 0.52 ng L-1 s-1 (IQR 0.78), P = .613). Serum sodium concentrations increased from baseline to 24 weeks in patients on MR-HC (138.8 ± 1.9 mmol L-1 to 139.3 ± 1.8 mmol L-1, P = .047), but remained unchanged on standard GC (139.8 ± 1.6 mmol L-1 to 139.3 ± 1.9 mmol L-1, P = .135). No significant changes were seen in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum potassium levels. CONCLUSION 6 months of MR-HC therapy decreased PRA and increased sodium levels indicating a greater agonist action of the 9α-fluorocortisol dose, which may be due to the decreased levels of the MC-receptor antagonist 17OHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Tschaidse
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Reisch
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aude Brac de la Perriere
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement hospitalier Est, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Angelica Linden Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashwini Mallappa
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Deborah P Merke
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Colin G Perry
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Prete
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Aled Rees
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippe A Touraine
- University Hospitals Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Center for Rare Endocrine and Gynecological Disorders, Paris, France
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Watanabe K, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Hashimoto A, Konishi K, Ishige N, Yajima H, Sutani A, Nakatani H, Gau M, Takasawa K, Tajima T, Hasegawa T, Morio T, Kashimada K. The High Relevance of 21-Deoxycortisol, (Androstenedione + 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone)/Cortisol, and 11-Deoxycortisol/17α-Hydroxyprogesterone for Newborn Screening of 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3341-3352. [PMID: 36071550 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There are limited reports on the detailed examination of steroid profiles for setting algorithms for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) screening by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). OBJECTIVE We aimed to define an algorithm for newborn screening of 21OHD by LC-MS/MS, measuring a total of 2077 dried blood spot samples in Tokyo. METHODS Five steroids (17α-hydroxyprogesterone [17αOHP], 21-deoxycortisol [21DOF], 11-deoxycortisol [11DOF], androstenedione [4AD], and cortisol [F]) were included in the panel of LC-MS/MS. Samples from 2 cohorts were assayed: Cohort A, 63 "screening positive" neonates who were referred to an endocrinologist (n = 26 with 21OHD; n = 37 false-positive; obtained from 2015 to 2020); and Cohort B, samples (n = 2014) with 17αOHP values in the 97th percentile or above, in the first-tier test with 17αOHP ELISA from 2020 to 2021. RESULTS Analysis of Cohort A revealed that the 3 indexes 21DOF, 11DOF/17αOHP, and (4AD + 17αOHP)/F had higher area under the curve (AUC) values (0.999, 0.997, 0.989, respectively), while the 17αOHP AUC was lower (0.970). Accordingly, in addition to 17αOHP, the 3 markers were included for defining the screening algorithm. The assay of Cohort B revealed that the new algorithm gave 92% of predicted positive predictive value without false-negative cases. We also determined the reference values for the 5 steroids at 4 to 7 days after birth, according to sex and gestational age (GA), revealing extremely low levels of 21DOF at any GA irrespective of sex differences. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the high relevance of 21DOF, (4AD + 17αOHP)/F, and 11DOF/17αOHP, rather than 17αOHP, for 21OHD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsumi Tsuji-Hosokawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hashimoto
- Tokyo Health Service Association, Newborn Screening, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Konishi
- Tokyo Health Service Association, Newborn Screening, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ishige
- Tokyo Health Service Association, Newborn Screening, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Yajima
- Tokyo Health Service Association, Newborn Screening, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akito Sutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hisae Nakatani
- Tokyo Health Service Association, Newborn Screening, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Gau
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Tokyo Health Service Association, Newborn Screening, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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20
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Conner MG, Vwalika B, Freeman BL, Sebastião YV, Mabula-Bwalya CM, Cole SR, Stringer EM, Kasaro MP, Stringer JSA, Price JT. Effect of weekly 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on small for gestational age among pregnant women with HIV in Zambia. AIDS 2022; 36:2079-2081. [PMID: 36305188 PMCID: PMC9624437 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The IPOP trial demonstrated a reduced risk of severe small for gestational age among infants born to women with HIV who received weekly intramuscular 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. This secondary analysis examined the 17P treatment effect in subgroups of maternal BMI, parity, timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and ART regimen. We found that 17P was more effective among nulliparous women, women who started ART before pregnancy, and those taking protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn G Conner
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Bethany L Freeman
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuri V Sebastião
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Cole
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Stringer
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S A Stringer
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joan T Price
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Lawrence N, Bacila I, Dawson J, Bryce J, Ali SR, van den Akker ELT, Bachega TASS, Baronio F, Birkebæk NH, Bonfig W, van der Grinten HC, Costa EC, de Vries L, Elsedfy H, Güven A, Hannema S, Iotova V, van der Kamp HJ, Clemente M, Lichiardopol CR, Milenkovic T, Neumann U, Nordenström A, Poyrazoğlu Ş, Probst‐Scheidegger U, De Sanctis L, Tadokoro‐Cuccaro R, Thankamony A, Vieites A, Yavaş Z, Faisal Ahmed S, Krone N. Analysis of therapy monitoring in the International Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Registry. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:551-561. [PMID: 35781728 PMCID: PMC9796837 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) requires exogenous steroid replacement. Treatment is commonly monitored by measuring 17-OH progesterone (17OHP) and androstenedione (D4). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using real-world data to evaluate 17OHP and D4 in relation to hydrocortisone (HC) dose in CAH patients treated in 14 countries. PATIENTS Pseudonymized data from children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) recorded in the International CAH Registry. MEASUREMENTS Assessments between January 2000 and October 2020 in patients prescribed HC were reviewed to summarise biomarkers 17OHP and D4 and HC dose. Longitudinal assessment of measures was carried out using linear mixed-effects models (LMEM). RESULTS Cohort of 345 patients, 52.2% female, median age 4.3 years (interquartile range: 3.1-9.2) were taking a median 11.3 mg/m2 /day (8.6-14.4) of HC. Median 17OHP was 35.7 nmol/l (3.0-104.0). Median D4 under 12 years was 0 nmol/L (0-2.0) and above 12 years was 10.5 nmol/L (3.9-21.0). There were significant differences in biomarker values between centres (p < 0.05). Correlation between D4 and 17OHP was good in multiple regression with age (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.29). In longitudinal assessment, 17OHP levels did not change with age, whereas D4 levels increased with age (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.08). Neither biomarker varied directly with dose or weight (p > 0.05). Multivariate LMEM showed HC dose decreasing by 1.0 mg/m2 /day for every 1 point increase in weight standard deviation score. DISCUSSION Registry data show large variability in 17OHP and D4 between centres. 17OHP correlates with D4 well when accounting for age. Prescribed HC dose per body surface area decreased with weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Lawrence
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Irina Bacila
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- Institute of Work Psychology, Management SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- School of Health and Related Research, University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Jillian Bryce
- Office for Rare ConditionsRoyal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
- Office for Rare ConditionsRoyal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Salma R. Ali
- Office for Rare ConditionsRoyal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
- Office for Rare ConditionsRoyal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
- Developmental Endocrinology Research GroupUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Erica L. T. van den Akker
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Children's HospitalErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tânia A. S. S. Bachega
- Hormones and Molecular Genetics Laboratory LIM 42, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Federico Baronio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, Endo‐ERN Center for Rare Endocrine DiseasesS. Orsola‐Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | | | - Walter Bonfig
- Department of PediatricsTechnical University MunichMunichGermany
- Department of PediatricsKlinikum Wels‐GrieskirchenWelsAustria
| | - Hedi C. van der Grinten
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenthe Netherlands
- Amalia Children's HospitalRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Eduardo C. Costa
- Pediatric Surgery ServiceHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Liat de Vries
- Institute for Diabetes and EndocrinologySchneider's Children Medical Center of IsraelPetah‐TikvahIsrael
| | - Heba Elsedfy
- Pediatrics DepartmentAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Ayla Güven
- Baskent University Istanbul HospitalPediatric EndocrinologyIstanbulTurkey
| | - Sabine Hannema
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of PaediatricsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of PaediatricsMedical University of VarnaVarnaBulgaria
| | - Hetty J. van der Kamp
- Pediatric Endocrinology Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - María Clemente
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'HebronCIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIIIBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Tatjana Milenkovic
- Department of EndocrinologyInstitute for Mother and Child Healthcare of Serbia “Dr Vukan Čupić”BelgradeSerbia
| | - Uta Neumann
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charite‐UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | - Ana Nordenström
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Astrid Lindgren Children HospitalKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Şukran Poyrazoğlu
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Paediatric Endocrinology UnitIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Luisa De Sanctis
- Paediatric EndocrinologyRegina Margherita Children's HospitalTorinoItaly
- Department of Public Sciences and PediatricsUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Rieko Tadokoro‐Cuccaro
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Ajay Thankamony
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Ana Vieites
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas (CEDIE‐CONICET), Hospital de Niños Ricardo GutiérrezBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Zehra Yavaş
- Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Syed Faisal Ahmed
- Office for Rare ConditionsRoyal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
- Office for Rare ConditionsRoyal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
- Developmental Endocrinology Research GroupUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Nils Krone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
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22
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Sezer S, Bal C, Kalem AK, Kayaaslan B, Eser F, Hasanoglu İ, Akıncı E, Güner R, Erel Ö, Yılmaz G. COVID-19 patients with altered steroid hormone levels are more likely to have higher disease severity. Endocrine 2022; 78:373-379. [PMID: 35907083 PMCID: PMC9362412 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the correlations between the severity of the disease and serum steroid levels by analyzing the serum steroid levels in COVID-19 patients with different levels of disease progression and the control group. METHODS Morning serum Aldosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, Androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Corticosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Estrone, Estradiol, Progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, Cortisol, Corticosterone, Androsterone, Pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 21-deoxycortisol levels were measured in 153 consecutive patients were grouped as mild, moderate, and severe based on the WHO COVID-19 disease severity classification and the control group. Steroid hormone levels were analyzed at once with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS In our study, nearly all steroids were statistically significantly higher in the patients' group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Also, DHEA was an independent indicator of the disease severity with COVID-19 CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that the alteration in steroid hormone levels was correlated with disease severity. Also, steroid hormone levels should be followed up during COVID-19 disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Sezer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ceylan Bal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kaya Kalem
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bircan Kayaaslan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Eser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İmran Hasanoglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esragül Akıncı
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahmet Güner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Liang D, Han M, Xu L, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Yin J, Yang J, Liu Y. Rare combination of simple virilizing form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Graves' disease and 47, XXX in a woman: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31443. [PMID: 36316845 PMCID: PMC9622681 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Coexistence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Graves' disease and 47, XXX is rare. We report a case of a 25-year-old woman presented with masculine appearance, hirsutism and enlarged clitoris. Lab tests showed elevated serum 17 hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone. Gene test revealed heterozygous gene mutation in CYP21A2:NM_000500:exon4:c.518 T > A, NM_000500:exon8:c.C1024T. Karyotype analysis showed 47, XXX. After prednisone replacement and antithyroid therapy, she got a normal menstruation and normal level of testosterone. These findings demonstrate that patients with abnormal chromosome are likely to combine 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), thus karyotyping test should not be neglected for those who have been already diagnosed as 21-OHD. Additionally, chromosomal abnormality such as 47, XXX and Turner syndrome had susceptibility to develop autoimmune thyroid disease because a gene on X chromosome may be responsible for the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease. Moreover, both 21-OHD and Graves' disease (GD) can lead to high level of testosterone, thus we should keep in mind to test chromosome and thyroid function in 21-OHD patients to avoid misdiagnose or missed diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of simple virilizing (SV) 21-OHD patient combined with 47, XXX and Graves disease. PATIENT CONCERNS A 24-years-old female of Han ethnicity was admitted to the endocrinology department complaining of absence of menses for half a year. The patient didn't noticed her enlarged clitoris until she was 17 years old. Her menarche was 16 years old and the final height was 163 centimeter. She was diagnosed with GD 2 months before admission to our hospital due to palpitation, heat intolerance, muscle weakness. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with SV 21-OHD, Graves disease and 47, XXX. INTERVENTIONS At first, the patient was given 10 mg methimazole twice a day as well as 5 mg predisone in the morning and 2.5 mg in the evening. After a year of regular medication and reexamination, she got a regular menstruation and thyroid function and now is taking 2.5 mg prednisone twice a day. OUTCOMES The patient got a regular menstruation and thyroid function. Laboratory results showed: testosterone declined to 0.1nmol/L (0.1-1.67nmol/L) and 17 hydroxyprogesterone get back to normal level: 1.01ng/ml (0.30-2.34ng/mL). However, her enlarged clitoris has not narrowed. LESSONS Patients with abnormal chromosome are likely to combine 21-OHD, thus karyotyping test should not be neglected for those who have been already diagnosed as 21-OHD. Additionally, chromosomal abnormality such as 47, XXX and Turner syndrome had susceptibility to develop autoimmune thyroid disease because a gene on X chromosome may be responsible for the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disease. Moreover, both 21-OHD and GD can lead to high level of testosterone, thus we should keep in mind to test chromosome and thyroid function in 21-OHD patients to avoid misdiagnose or missed diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SV 21-OHD patient combined with 47, XXX and Graves disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Minmin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linxin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhong Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- * Correspondence: Yunfeng Liu, Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Jiefang Road 85, Taiyuan 030000, China (e-mail: )
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Nounu A, Kar SP, Relton CL, Richmond RC. Sex steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:66. [PMID: 36209141 PMCID: PMC9548139 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) has the highest cancer incidence and mortality in women worldwide. Observational epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and other sex steroid hormones with postmenopausal BC. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate this association. METHODS Genetic instruments for nine sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of UK Biobank (total testosterone (TT) N: 230,454, bioavailable testosterone (BT) N: 188,507 and SHBG N: 189,473), The United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (DHEAS N: 9722), the LIFE-Adult and LIFE-Heart cohorts (estradiol N: 2607, androstenedione N: 711, aldosterone N: 685, progesterone N: 1259 and 17-hydroxyprogesterone N: 711) and the CORtisol NETwork (CORNET) consortium (cortisol N: 25,314). Outcome GWAS summary statistics were obtained from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) for overall BC risk (N: 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls) and subtype-specific analyses. RESULTS We found that a standard deviation (SD) increase in TT, BT and estradiol increased the risk of overall BC (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.21, OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.33 and OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, respectively) and ER + BC (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12-1.27, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.40 and OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09, respectively). An SD increase in DHEAS also increased ER + BC risk (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16). Subtype-specific analyses showed similar associations with ER+ expressing subtypes: luminal A-like BC, luminal B-like BC and luminal B/HER2-negative-like BC. CONCLUSIONS TT, BT, DHEAS and estradiol increase the risk of ER+ type BCs similar to observational studies. Understanding the role of sex steroid hormones in BC risk, particularly subtype-specific risks, highlights the potential importance of attempts to modify and/or monitor hormone levels in order to prevent BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayah Nounu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Siddhartha P Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Valsamakis G, Violetis O, Chatzakis C, Triantafyllidou O, Eleftheriades M, Lambrinoudaki I, Mastorakos G, Vlahos NF. Daughters of polycystic ovary syndrome pregnancies and androgen levels in puberty: a Meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:822-830. [PMID: 36104976 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To provide an overview and critical analysis of the literature related to the circulating androgen levels of daughters of PCOS mothers during prepubertal and pubertal stage who have not yet been diagnosed with PCOS or precocious puberty. Methods: We critically considered and meta-analyzed observational studies comparing androgens concentration in daughters of PCOS mothers compared to daughters of mothers without PCOS. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus and other sources from 01/09/2021 until 01/12/2021. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The primary outcome included total testosterone levels whereas the secondary outcomes included 17a-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), androstenedione (Δ4Α) and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) levels respectively. Results: Our search yielded 1073 studies, 9 of which were included in our analysis. The results are presented differently according to pubertal stage. Pubertal daughters of PCOS mothers exhibited significantly higher total testosterone (pooled mean difference 14.95 (95%CI: 6.98 to 22.93), higher 17-OHP (pooled mean difference 0.11 (95%CI: 0.02 to 0.20) and lower SHBG levels (pooled mean difference -10.48 (95%CI: -16.46 to -4.61). Instead, prepubertal daughters of PCOS mothers presented greater SHBG levels (pooled mean difference 7.79 (95%CI: 0.03 to 15.54) compared to controls. No difference was found in Δ4Α levels in both groups. Conclusion: The onset of puberty is a critical point in the development of the disease and an early intervention may be imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Odyssefs Violetis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Chatzakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Triantafyllidou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos F Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ozdemir Dilek S, Turan I, Gurbuz F, Celiloglu C, Yuksel B. The utility of annual growth velocity standard deviation scores and measurements of biochemical parameters in long-term treatment monitoring of children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:391-397. [PMID: 35243601 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the utility of annual growth velocity (GV) standard deviation scores (SDSs) and compatibility and effectiveness of biochemical parameters in long-term treatment monitoring and management of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) in children. METHODS Fifty children with 21-OHD were included in this study, and the biochemical parameters obtained during 402 visits were retrospectively evaluated. The follow-up period was divided between two GV SDS groups (GV SDS < 2 and GV SDS ≥ 2) and compared with auxological, biochemical, and clinical findings. RESULTS Elevation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) values was observed at 193/402 visits, and both adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and total testosterone (tT) were observed at 53 of 193 (27.5%) visits. The calculated cut-off value for 17-OHP was > 4.3 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 85.48% and specificity of 37.59% in the GV SDS ≥ 2 group. In the GV SDS ≥ 2 group, the corrected final height SDS (cFH SDS) was lower, and the delta height was higher than in the GV SDS < 2 group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively). Linear regression analysis of the GV SDSs revealed that 17-OHP values and the hydrocortisone dose (mg/m2) were affected (β = 0.037, p = 0.035, and β = - 0.147, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Annual GV was critical in the final height (FH) of children with 21-OHD. However, we observed inconsistency between the biochemical parameters in the follow-ups, and there were difficulties in evaluating these markers. Therefore, annual GV SDSs and biochemical findings should be used together in patients with 21-OHD at follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semine Ozdemir Dilek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Turan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Gurbuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Can Celiloglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Yuksel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
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Rozhivanov RV, Chernova MO, Ioutsi VA, Mel’nichenko GA, Shestakova MV, Mokrysheva NG. [Features of steroidogenesis in men with hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 2022; 68:113-120. [PMID: 35841175 PMCID: PMC9762540 DOI: 10.14341/probl13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in men is associated with a high incidence of hypogonadism. Testosterone is a steroid hormone and one of the final metabolites of steroidogenesis, which causes interest in assessing the content of key steroid hormones, their precursors and metabolites in hypogonadal and eugonadal men with T2DM. AIMS AIMS: Assessment of the features of steroidogenesis in men with hypogonadism in T2DM using tandem mass spectrometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS MATERIALS AND METHODS: A full-design, cross-sectional, screening, single-center, non-interventional study included men with T2DM, who were he was treated in Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow. The study was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022. Medical history assessment, physical examination with determination of body mass index (BMI), measurement of key steroid hormones, their precursors and metabolites by isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were performed. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test for quantitative indicators and χ² with Yates’ correction for qualitative ones. Correlation analysis was performed by the Spearman correlation method. When determining the criterion of statistical significance, the Bonferroni correction was applied. RESULTS RESULTS: Patients with hypogonadism had statistically significantly more pronounced obesity compared with eugonadal men. In a comparative analysis of patients, depending on the presence of hypogonadism, there were statistically significantly lower levels of androgen precursors 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in hypogonadal men. At the same time, a positive statistically significant correlation was found between total testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. In addition, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, although to a lesser extent, but positively correlated with other androgens - androstenedione (r=0,328; p<0,001) and dehydroepiandrosterone (r=0,183; p=0,004). >< 0,001) and dehydroepiandrosterone (r=0,183; p=0,004). CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS: In this investigation the prevalence of male hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes, determined by high-precision tandem mass spectrometry, was 69,5%. There was no effect of the disease on the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid links of adrenal steroidogenesis. Hypogonadism was associated with decreased levels of a number of testosterone precursors. The most significant of them was 17-hydroxyprogesterone, which can be considered as a marker of testicular steroidogenesis.
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Cohen G, Shavit M, Miller N, Moran R, Yagur Y, Weitzner O, Ovadia M, Schreiber H, Shechter-Maor G, Biron-Shental T. Can 17 hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) decrease preterm deliveries in patients with a history of PMC or pPROM? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268397. [PMID: 35551554 PMCID: PMC9098016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a significant risk factor for recurrence. Intra-muscular-7α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) has been the preventive treatment of choice until the recent "Prolong study" that reported no benefit. OBJECTIVE To determine the benefit of (17P) treatment in preventing reoccurrence of sPTB, by evaluating two presenting symptoms of the first sPTB: premature contractions (PMC) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). STUDY DESIGN This retrospective study included 342 women with a previous singleton sPTB followed by a subsequent pregnancy. sPTB were either due to PMC (n = 145) or pPROM (n = 197). During the subsequent pregnancy, 90 (26.3%) patients received 250 mg 17P IM. Each presenting symptom-PMC or pPROM-was evaluated within itself comparing treated vs. untreated groups. Data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression analysis was also performed. RESULTS Patients treated with 17P in the subsequent pregnancy had delivered earlier in the previous pregnancy (33.4w vs. 35.3w in the PMC group, and 34.1w vs. 35.7w in the pPROM group, p<0.001). In the following pregnancy, they had higher admission rates due to suspected preterm labor (31.7% vs. 10.9% in the treated vs. untreated PMC group (p = 0.003) and 26.1% vs. 5.4% in the treated vs. untreated pPROM group (p<0.001). In both groups, but more prominently in the previous PMC group, treatment compared to non-treatment in the subsequent pregnancy significantly prolonged it (4.3w vs. 2.6w in the PMC group (p = 0.007), and 3.7w vs. 2.7w in the pPROM group (p = 0.018)). The presenting symptom of sPTB in the following pregnancy tended to recur in cases of another sPTB, with a significantly greater likelihood of repeating the sPTB mechanism in cases with PMC, regardless of receiving 17P (69% in the PMC cohort and 60% in the pPROM cohort, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS 17P might delay preterm delivery in patients with a previous sPTB on an individual level (prolongation of the pregnancy for each patient compared to her previous delivery). Therefore, our results imply that 17P can decrease potential premature delivery complications for patients with a previous sPTB due to PMC or pPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Shavit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Netanella Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rimon Moran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Yagur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Weitzner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Ovadia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanoch Schreiber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Shechter-Maor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Biron-Shental
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Boelig RC, Schoen CN, Frey H, Gimovsky AC, Springel E, Backley S, Berghella V. Vaginal progesterone vs intramuscular 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for prevention of recurrent preterm birth: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:722.e1-722.e12. [PMID: 35189093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and previous preterm birth is one of the strongest risk factors for preterm birth. National and international obstetrical societies have different recommendations regarding progesterone formulation for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether vaginal progesterone is superior to 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the prevention of recurrent preterm birth in patients with singleton pregnancies who had a previous spontaneous preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN This was an open-label multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial at 5 US centers of patients with singleton pregnancies at <24 weeks of gestation who had a previous spontaneous preterm birth randomized 1:1 to either 200 mg vaginal progesterone suppository nightly or 250 mg intramuscular 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate weekly from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation. Based on the estimated recurrent preterm birth rate of 36% with 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, 95 participants were needed in each arm to detect a 50% reduction in preterm birth rate with vaginal progesterone, with 80% power and 2-sided alpha of 0.05. The primary outcome was preterm birth at <37 weeks of gestation. Prespecified secondary outcomes included preterm birth at <34 and <28 weeks of gestation, mean gestational age at delivery, neonatal morbidity and mortality, and measures of adherence. Analysis was by intention to treat. The chi-square test and Student t test were used as appropriate. P<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Overall, 205 participants were randomized; 94 participants in the vaginal progesterone group and 94 participants in 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate group were included. Although gestational age at enrollment was similar, those assigned to vaginal progesterone initiated therapy earlier (16.9±1.4 vs 17.8±2.5 weeks; P=.001). Overall continuation of assigned formulation until delivery was similar (73% vs 69%; P=.61). There was no significant difference in preterm birth at <37 (31% vs 38%; P=.28; relative risk, 0.81 [95% confidence interval, 0.54-1.20]), <34 (9.6% vs 14.9%; P=.26; relative risk, 0.64 [95% confidence interval, 0.29-1.41]), or <28 (1.1% vs 4.3%; P=.37; relative risk, 0.25 [95% confidence interval, 0.03-2.20]) weeks of gestation. Participants in the vaginal progesterone group had a later mean gestational age at delivery than participants in the 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate group (37.36±2.72 vs 36.34±4.10 weeks; mean difference, 1.02 [95% confidence interval, 0.01-2.01]; P=.047). CONCLUSION Vaginal progesterone did not reduce the risk of recurrent preterm birth by 50% compared with 17-OHPC; however, vaginal progesterone may lead to increased latency to delivery. This trial was underpowered to detect a smaller, but still clinically significant, difference in the efficacy of preterm birth prevention. Patient factors that impact adherence and ability to obtain medication in a timely fashion should be included in counseling on progesterone selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa C Boelig
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Corina N Schoen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate Health, Worcester, MA
| | - Heather Frey
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexis C Gimovsky
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Edward Springel
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Sami Backley
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate Health, Worcester, MA
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Schröder MAM, van Herwaarden AE, Span PN, van den Akker ELT, Bocca G, Hannema SE, van der Kamp HJ, de Kort SWK, Mooij CF, Schott DA, Straetemans S, van Tellingen V, van der Velden JA, Sweep FCGJ, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL. Optimizing the Timing of Highest Hydrocortisone Dose in Children and Adolescents With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1661-e1672. [PMID: 34788830 PMCID: PMC8947312 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hydrocortisone treatment of young patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is given thrice daily, but there is debate about the optimal timing of the highest hydrocortisone dose, either mimicking the physiological diurnal rhythm (morning), or optimally suppressing androgen activity (evening). OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare 2 standard hydrocortisone timing strategies, either highest dosage in the morning or evening, with respect to hormonal status throughout the day, nocturnal blood pressure (BP), and sleep and activity scores. METHODS This 6-week crossover study included 39 patients (aged 4-19 years) with 21OHD. Patients were treated for 3 weeks with the highest hydrocortisone dose in the morning, followed by 3 weeks with the highest dose in the evening (n = 21), or vice versa (n = 18). Androstenedione (A4) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels were quantified in saliva collected at 5 am; 7 am; 3 pm; and 11 pm during the last 2 days of each treatment period. The main outcome measure was comparison of saliva 17OHP and A4 levels between the 2 treatment strategies. RESULTS Administration of the highest dose in the evening resulted in significantly lower 17OHP levels at 5 am, whereas the highest dose in the morning resulted in significantly lower 17OHP and A4 levels in the afternoon. The 2 treatment dose regimens were comparable with respect to averaged daily hormone levels, nocturnal BP, and activity and sleep scores. CONCLUSION No clear benefit for either treatment schedule was established. Given the variation in individual responses, we recommend individually optimizing dose distribution and monitoring disease control at multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska A M Schröder
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erica L T van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gianni Bocca
- Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine E Hannema
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty J van der Kamp
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University Medical Center, EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra W K de Kort
- Department of Pediatrics, Haga Teaching Hospital/Juliana Children’s Hospital, AA The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan F Mooij
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dina A Schott
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Zuyderland medical center, PC Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Saartje Straetemans
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maastricht university medical center, HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera van Tellingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Catharina Hospital, EJ Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janiëlle A van der Velden
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fred C G J Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Hedi L. Claahsen-van der Grinten, MD, PhD, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Fitzsimmons J, Mulla W. The 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone chronicle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:356. [PMID: 35318012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Fitzsimmons
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140.
| | - Wadia Mulla
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Kim TM, Kim JH, Jang HN, Choi MH, Cho JY, Kim SY. Adrenal Morphology as an Indicator of Long-Term Disease Control in Adults with Classic 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:124-137. [PMID: 35144332 PMCID: PMC8901969 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring adults with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is challenging due to variation in clinical and laboratory settings. Moreover, guidelines for adrenal imaging in 21OHD are not yet available. We evaluated the relationship between adrenal morphology and disease control status in classical 21OHD. METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 90 adult 21OHD patients and 270 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We assessed adrenal volume, width, and tumor presence using abdominal computed tomography and evaluated correlations of adrenal volume and width with hormonal status. We investigated the diagnostic performance of adrenal volume and width for identifying well-controlled status in 21OHD patients (17α-hydroxyprogesterone [17-OHP] <10 ng/mL). RESULTS The adrenal morphology of 21OHD patients showed hypertrophy (45.6%), normal size (42.2%), and hypotrophy (12.2%). Adrenal tumors were detected in 12 patients (13.3%). The adrenal volume and width of 21OHD patients were significantly larger than those of controls (18.2±12.2 mL vs. 7.1±2.0 mL, 4.7±1.9 mm vs. 3.3±0.5 mm, P<0.001 for both). The 17-OHP and androstenedione levels were highest in patients with adrenal hypertrophy, followed by those with normal adrenal glands and adrenal hypotrophy (P<0.05 for both). Adrenal volume and width correlated positively with adrenocorticotropic hormone, 17-OHP, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, progesterone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in both sexes (r=0.33-0.95, P<0.05 for all). For identifying well-controlled patients, the optimal cut-off values of adrenal volume and width were 10.7 mL and 4 mm, respectively (area under the curve, 0.82-0.88; P<0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Adrenal volume and width may be reliable quantitative parameters for monitoring patients with classical 21OHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Min Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Na Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Cho
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine and Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Youn Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sahlander F, Bensing S, Falhammar H. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a very rare cause of adrenal incidentalomas in Sweden. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1017303. [PMID: 36545328 PMCID: PMC9760763 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1017303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undiagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can cause adrenal incidentalomas, but the frequency is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CAH in a population with adrenal incidentalomas and report the clinical characterization. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective study performed at a regional hospital from 2016 to 2021. Patients with adrenal incidentalomas were investigated with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulation test in addition to hormonal workup. Serum cortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) were analyzed. Individuals with a basal or stimulated 17OHP ≥30 nmol/L were classified as suspicious non-classic CAH, and a CYP21A2-gene analysis was performed in these subjects. RESULTS In total, 320 individuals with adrenal incidentalomas were referred to the center, and of these individuals, an ACTH-stimulation test was performed in 222 (median age, 67 (24-87) years; 58.6% women; and 11.7% with bilateral lesions). None of the individuals presented a basal 17OHP ≥30 nmol/L, but there were 8 (3.6%) who did after ACTH stimulation. Four of these subjects (50%) presented bilateral lesions, and the tumor size was larger compared to that of the individuals with a stimulated 17OHP <30 nmol/L (median, 38 (19-66) vs. 19 (11-85) mm, p=0.001). A CYP21A2 variation (p.Val282Leu) was detected in one of the eight subjects with a stimulated 17OHP ≥30 nmol/L, i.e., the patient was a heterozygotic carrier. None of the eight subjects presented with cortisol insufficiency or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of non-classic CAH in an adrenal incidentaloma cohort was 3.6% based on stimulated 17OHP and 0% based on gene analysis. CAH should be considered in AI management in selected cases and confirmed by genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Sahlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna-Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Fredrik Sahlander,
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nakhleh A, Saiegh L, Shehadeh N, Weintrob N, Sheikh-Ahmad M, Supino-Rosin L, Alboim S, Gendelman R, Zloczower M. Screening for non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in women: New insights using different immunoassays. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1048663. [PMID: 36704043 PMCID: PMC9871807 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1048663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The 250µg-cosyntropin stimulation test (CST) is used to diagnose non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH). The current recommendation is to perform CST when follicular 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) is 6-30 nmol/L, a cutoff derived from radioimmunoassay (RIA). Recently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has replaced RIA. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) determine the RIA and ELISA-based 17OHP cutoffs at which CST should be performed, (2) identify predictors of NCCAH. METHODS A retrospective study at an Israeli Health Maintenance Organization. Data were retrieved from women with suspected NCCAH, referred for CST during 2001-2020. NCCAH was defined as a stimulated 17OHP >30 nmol/L. Serum 17OHP levels were assayed by RIA from 1/2000-3/2015, and by ELISA from 4/2015-12/2020. ROC curves were generated and optimal 17OHP thresholds were determined. Multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS CST was performed in 2409 women (1564 in RIA, 845 in ELISA). NCCAH was diagnosed in 4.7% of the RIA group and 7.5% of the ELISA group. The optimal basal 17OHP cutoff values predicting NCCAH were 6.1 nmol/L in RIA (sensitivity=93.2%, specificity=91.7%) and 8.2 nmol/L in ELISA (sensitivity=93.7%, specificity=92.3%). In multivariate analysis, higher basal 17OHP, lower LH: FSH ratio, and oligomenorrhea were predictors of NCCAH in RIA. Higher basal 17OHP, androstenedione, and total testosterone were predictors of NCCAH in ELISA. A lower LH: FSH ratio showed similar trend in ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Optimal RIA-based basal 17OHP cutoff was comparable with that recommended in guidelines. The results suggest adopting a higher 17OHP cutoff when using ELISA. LH : FSH ratio improves the negative predictive value of basal 17OHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif Nakhleh
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Haifa, Israel
- *Correspondence: Afif Nakhleh,
| | - Leonard Saiegh
- Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Endocrinology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naim Shehadeh
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naomi Weintrob
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Lia Supino-Rosin
- Central Laboratory, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sandra Alboim
- Central Laboratory, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Gendelman
- The Endocrine Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Zloczower
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Reisch
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: Nicole Reisch, MD, Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universitat München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Costa-Barbosa FA, Carvalho VM, Oliveira KC, Vieira JGH, Kater CE. Reassessment of predictive values of ACTH-stimulated serum 21-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone to identify CYP21A2 heterozygote carriers and nonclassic subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:677-685. [PMID: 34231242 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heterozygotes (HZs) for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) are highly prevalent, ranging from 1:60 to 1:11 for classic and nonclassic (NC) forms, respectively. Detection of HZ and asymptomatic NC by CYP21A2 genotyping is valuable for genetic counselling, but costly, complex and narrowly available. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17P) and 21-deoxycortisol (21DF) discriminate 21OHD phenotypes effectively, notably if measured simultaneously by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). OBJECTIVE This study was performed to reassess former LC-MS/MS-defined post-ACTH 21DF, 17P and cortisol (F) cutoffs in family members at risk for 21OHD. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Prospective study in which we screened 58 asymptomatic relatives from families with 21OHD patients and compared post-ACTH steroid phenotypes with subsequent genotypes. RESULTS Post-ACTH 21DF, 17P, F and (21DF + 17P)/F ratio segregate NC, HZ and wild-type (WT) phenotypes (subsequently genotyped) with some overlap. New receiver operating characteristic curve-defined cutoffs for post-ACTH 21DF, 17P and (21DF + 17P)/F ratio are 60 ng/dl, 310 ng/dl and 12 (unitless). Twenty-six of 33 HZ and all 6 NC (82.1%) had post-ACTH 21DF > 60 and 17P > 310 ng/dl, whereas 17/19 WT (89.5%) had values below cutoffs. Post-ACTH 21DF and 17P had a strong positive correlation (r = .9558; p < .001). A (21DF + 17P)/F ratio > 12 correctly identified 36 of 39 HZ plus NC (92.3% sensitivity) with 84.2% specificity (16 of 19 WT). Given the high frequency of 21OHD HZ, the negative prediction of ratio values below 12 excludes heterozygosity in 99.8% and 99.1% for classic and NC mutations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Reassessed ACTH-stimulated 21DF and 17P cutoffs by LC-MS/MS (60 and 310 ng/dl, respectively) correctly recognised 82.5% HZ plus NC, but combined precursor-to-product ratio ([21DF + 17P]/F) cutoff of 12 was superior, identifying 92.3% HZ plus NC. Since one WT subject is an outlier (potential HZ), these values would be somewhat better reinforcing their utility for screening asymptomatic relatives at risk for 21OHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia A Costa-Barbosa
- Adrenal and Hypertension Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Steroids Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo Medical School, EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Research and Development Division, Fleury Medicina Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdemir M Carvalho
- Research and Development Division, Fleury Medicina Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly C Oliveira
- Adrenal and Hypertension Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Steroids Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo Medical School, EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Gilberto H Vieira
- Adrenal and Hypertension Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Steroids Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo Medical School, EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Research and Development Division, Fleury Medicina Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio E Kater
- Adrenal and Hypertension Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Steroids Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo Medical School, EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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San Martín P, Eugenio Russmann ML, Mendeluk G, Fierro MF, Marino R, Pardes E. Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) in adult males: Clinical presentation, hormone function and the detection of adrenal and testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs). ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:227-235. [PMID: 34266634 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is the most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In adulthood, most studies are reported in females. By contrast, data on adult males are scarce. OBJECTIVE To describe a series of adult males with classic 21-OHD and to assess the presence of adrenal masses and testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight males (21-42 years) were included. We evaluated clinical presentation, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), Testosterone (T), Δ4Androstenedione (Δ4A) ACTH, LH, FSH and plasma renin activitiy (PRA) levels at consultation. Molecular studies of the CYP21A2 gene, testicular ultrasound (US), semen analysis and adrenal computed tomography (CT) scan were performed. Treatment and compliance were assessed. RESULTS Basal 17-OHP levels were >20ng/ml in all patients. At consultation, median 17OH-P was 11.5 (2.3-81) ng/ml, FSH: 3 (0.3-4) mUI/ml, LH: 1.1 (0.1-6) mUI/ml, T: 4.3 (1.7-8) ng/ml, Δ4A: 5.7 (1.4-16) ng/ml, ACTH: 86.4 (76-334) pg/ml, PRA: 9.5 (1.3-23.6) ng/ml/h. Semen analysis was performed in 5/8 patients, showing azoospermia in two. Molecular genetic analysis was performed in 4/8 patients. TARTs were found in 5/6, being bilateral in four. Adrenal masses were found in 4/6. In the 7 patients diagnosed in childhood, their follow-up was referred to as irregular, both in their attendance at consultations and in compliance with the indicated treatment. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first series on adult males with classic 21-OHD which concomitantly assesses clinical presentation, molecular biology, adrenal and testicular imaging studies, semen analysis and compliance to treatment. A high prevalence of adrenal masses and TARTs was observed, possibly associated with poor treatment compliance leading to elevated ACTH and increased proliferation. Our findings on TARTs agree with reports in international publications of CAH in males, with adrenal imaging being added in our group. Although we are aware that further studies with a larger sample size and more data are needed, we consider that our findings contribute to the clinical management of classical 21-OHD in the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia San Martín
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Urquiza 609, Zip Code 1221, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | - Gabriela Mendeluk
- Unit of Clinical Cytology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Urquiza 609, Zip Code 1221, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Fierro
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Urquiza 609, Zip Code 1221, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Marino
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Pichincha 1890, Zip Code 1245, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ester Pardes
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Urquiza 609, Zip Code 1221, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Long Q, Zhang T, Yan Y, Zhao H, Zhou W, Zeng J, Li S, Zhang J, Zeng Q, Zhao B, Zhang C, Chen W. Measurement of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry candidate reference method and evaluation of the performance for three routine methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:523-532. [PMID: 33554585 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate measurements of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) are essential for diagnosis and treatment monitoring for congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients. The performance of serum 17OHP routine methods remains highly variable that calls for a candidate reference measurement procedure (cRMP) to improve the standardization of serum 17OHP measurements. METHODS Serum samples spiked with internal standards were extracted with a combination of solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. The 17OHP was quantified by the isotope dilution coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Nine structural analogs of 17OHP were evaluated for interferences. The precision and analytical recovery were assessed. Twenty native and 40 spiked serum for performance evaluation were measured by the cRMP and two clinical LC/MS routine methods. RESULTS No apparent interferences were found with the 17OHP measurement. The within-run, between-run, and total precision for our method were 0.4-0.8%, 0.6-2.0%, and 1.0-2.1% for four pooled serum (2.46-102.72 nmol/L), respectively. The recoveries of added 17OHP were 100.0-100.2%. For the performance of two LC/MS routine methods, they showed relative deviation ranges of -22.1 to 1.1% and -6.7 to 12.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a reliable serum 17OHP method using ID-LC/MS/MS. The desirable accuracy and precision of this method enable it to serve as a promising cRMP to improve the standardization for serum 17OHP routine measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Long
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haijian Zhao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Zhou
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuijun Li
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhang Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis W Speiser
- Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Hempstead, NY
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40
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Weissmann R, Miller N, Litmanovitz I, Arnon S. [UMBILICAL CORD CORTISOL LEVELS DO NOT CORRELATE WITH 17-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE LEVELS IN THE NEWBORN SCREENING TEST]. Harefuah 2020; 159:726-730. [PMID: 33103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortisol is a stress response marker. During pregnancy and delivery, cortisol levels are elevated, especially in complicated deliveries. Blood cortisol levels can increase 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels in the mother during delivery, however this effect was not elucidate in newborn infants. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there is a correlation between umbilical cord cortisol and 17-OHP levels in the newborn, leading to false results in the newborn screening tests. METHODS Umbilical cord cortisol levels together with maternal delivery data were analyzed at Meir Medical Center during 2015-2016. The newborn screening test was performed in all newborns at 36 to 72 hours after birth, and data on 17-OHP levels were recorded. A correlation between mode of delivery, umbilical cord cortisol level and 17-OH- P levels of the newborn screening tests was conducted. RESULTS A total of 122 newborn infants were included in the study. The mean cord cortisol levels were 12.3±4.1 mcg/dL. Vacuum extraction deliveries were associated with the higher cord cortisol level compared to unplanned cesarean section deliveries, planned cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries (all p<0.03). Unplanned cesarean sections had higher umbilical cord cortisol levels compared to planned cesarean section and vaginal delivery ( all p<0.05). All infants had 17-OHP levels within normal limits (<35 nM), with no correlation to umbilical cord cortisol levels (r=0.012, p=0.26). CONCLUSIONS Vacuum extraction deliveries are associated with the highest cord cortisol level compared to unplanned cesarean section deliveries and to vaginal deliveries, however, these levels are not associated with high levels of 17-OHP of the newborn screening test. Therefore, our data does not support the hypothesis that stressful deliveries are associated with high false positive 17-OHP levels in the newborn screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Weissmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Netanella Miller
- Department of Obstetrics, Meir Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ita Litmanovitz
- Neonatal Department, Meir Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Arnon
- Neonatal Department, Meir Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Neeman B, Bello R, Lazar L, Phillip M, de Vries L. Response to Letter to the Editor: "Central Precocious Puberty as a Presenting Sign of Nonclassical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Clinical Characteristics". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5808-5809. [PMID: 31322673 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bar Neeman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Bello
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Liora Lazar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Liat de Vries
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Anik A. Letter to the Editor: "Central Precocious Puberty as a Presenting Sign of Nonclassical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Clinical Characteristics". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5807. [PMID: 31322677 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Anik
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX.
| | - Donald D McIntire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Kenneth J Leveno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
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Zhou DY, Qiu WJ, Xu MS, Luo JH, Ye J, Han LS, Zhang HW, Yu YG, Liang LL, Gu XF. [Clinical and genetic analysis of an infant with isolated 17, 20-lyase deficiency]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 54:619-622. [PMID: 27510877 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of an infant with isolated 17, 20-lyase deficiency. METHOD The clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics were analyzed in an 8-month-old infant with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis who presented predominantly the female external genitalia. RESULT The infant was referred because of"masses in bilateral inguinal region and 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis". He was normotensive. Laboratory tests revealed elevated levels of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. The detailed parameters are as follows: progesterone 29.35(reference range 0.09-1.0)nmol/L, 17-hydroxyprogesterone 10.9(reference range 0.6-2.6)nmol/L, testosterone 0.7(reference range 0.1-3.1)nmol/L, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate <0.15(reference range 0.80-5.6)mg/L, androstenedione <0.3 (reference range 0.6-3.1) μg/L, luteinizing hormone 6.6(reference range 0.6-1.7)U/L, follicle stimulating hormone 1.8 (reference range 0.5-3.7)U/L, estradiol 37.66(reference range 73.4-146.8)pmol/L. The patient had normal levels of serum sodium, potassium, corticosteroid and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone. Genomic DNA was extracted from the leukocytes of peripheral blood of the patient and subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS) for testing more than 200 sexual development related genes. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the results of NGS. Genetic analysis revealed that the patient harbored compound heterozygous mutations of c. 1226C>G (p.Pro409Arg, P409R) and c. 707T>G (p.Val236Gly, V236G) in CYP17A1 gene derived from paternal and maternal allele. V236G was a novel mutation predicted to be pathogenic. The infant was diagnosed as isolated 17, 20-lyase deficiency combined with clinical and molecular characteristics of CYP17A1 gene. CONCLUSION We have identified the compound heterozygous mutations of P409R and V236G in the CYP17A1 gene in one infant with isolated 17, 20-lyase deficiency. He presented with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis, normal blood pressure and elevated concentration of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
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Huang Y, Zheng J, Xie T, Xiao Q, Lu S, Li X, Cheng J, Chen L, Liu L. [A novel homozygous mutation p.E25X in the HSD3B2 gene causing salt wasting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases deficiency in a Chinese pubertal girl: a delayed diagnosis until recurrent ovary cysts]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2014; 52:948-951. [PMID: 25619355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (3βHSD), a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) resulted from mutations in the HSD3B2 gene that impair steroidogenesis in both adrenals and gonads. We report clinical features and the results of HSD3B2 gene analysis of a Chinese pubertal girl with salt wasting 3βHSD deficiency. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed clinical presentations and steroid profiles of the patient diagnosed in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center in 2013. PCR and direct sequencing were used to identify any mutation in the HSD3B2 gene. RESULT A 13-year-old girl was diagnosed as CAH after birth because of salt-wasting with mild clitorimegaly and then was treated with glucocorticoid replacement. Breast and pubic hair development were normal, and menarche occurred at 12 yr, followed by menstrual bleeding about every 45 days. In the last one year laparoscopic operation and ovariocentesis were performed one after another for recurrent ovary cysts. Under corticoid acetate therapy, ACTH 17.10 pmol/L (normal 0-10.12), testosterone 1.31 nmol/L (normal <0.7), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 13.30 µmol/L (normal 0.95 - 11.67), cortisol 720 nmol/L (normal 130-772.8), androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone were normal. Estradiol 461 pmol/L, follicle-stimulating hormone 3.04 IU/L, luteinizing hormone 8.52 IU/L in follicular phase. A pelvic ultrasound showed lateral ovaries cysts (58 mm × 50 mm × 35 mm) and a midcycle-type endometrium. A novel nonsense mutation c.73G >T (p.E25X) was identified in HSD3B2 gene. The girl was homozygous and her mother was heterozygous, while her father was not identified with this mutation. CONCLUSION A classic 3βHSD deficiency is characterized by salt wasting and mild virilization in female. Ovary cysts may be the one of features of gonad phenotype indicating ovary 3βHSD deficiency. A novel homozygous mutation c.73G >T(p.E25X) was related to the classical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Huang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
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Kuon RJ, Shi SQ, Maul H, Sohn C, Balducci J, Shi L, Garfield RE. A novel optical method to assess cervical changes during pregnancy and use to evaluate the effects of progestins on term and preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:82.e15-20. [PMID: 21497789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether optical methods can estimate cervix function during pregnancy and whether progestins modify this process. STUDY DESIGN Photos of the external cervix of timed-pregnant rats were taken every other day from day 13 until postpartum day 5 after daily treatments with vehicle (controls) or progestin treatments (progesterone, subcutaneously or vaginally; 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate [17P] and RU-486 subcutaneously, once on day 16). The surface area of the cervix was estimated from photos. RESULTS The surface area of cervix increases throughout pregnancy and reverses after delivery in controls. In the progesterone subcutaneously or 17P subcutaneously groups, increases in surface area are lower (17P group until day 19 only; P < .05). Vaginal progesterone does not prevent surface area increases. Only the progesterone subcutaneously blocked delivery. RU-486 increases the surface area of the cervix (P < .05) during preterm delivery. CONCLUSION An optical method is useful for quantitative assessment of the cervix and evaluation of agents that modify cervical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Kuon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Hampl R, Lachman M, Novák Z, Sulcová J, Stárka L. Serum levels of steroid hormones in men with varicocele and oligospermia as compared to normozoospermic men. Exp Clin Endocrinol 2009; 100:117-9. [PMID: 1305061 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the contribution of individual steroidogenic organs to over-all steroid biosynthesis, the basal plasma levels of six hormonal steroids, reflecting the function of gonads and adrenals, as well as both gonadotropins and prolactin, have been determined in 63 oligo- and/or asthenozoospermic men with palpable varicocele, confirmed in each case by sonography. The values obtained were compared with the results of a group of age-matched normospermic men without endocrine disorders. Insignificantly lower levels of testosterone accompanied by significantly lower levels of dihydrotestosterone, slightly decreased LH but increased FSH undistinguishable concentrations of cortisol in patients with varicocele were in agreement with previous findings. Higher levels of an exclusively adrenal androgen 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione in men with varicocele indicate increased activity of the adrenal cortex. Significantly higher basal levels of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the patient group (p < 0.001), so far not unequivocally proved, evidence for suggested decreased enzyme activity of C17-20 lyase in the testis in at least some of men with varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hampl
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague Czech Republic
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Taxvig C, Hass U, Axelstad M, Dalgaard M, Boberg J, Andeasen HR, Vinggaard AM. Endocrine-Disrupting Activities In Vivo of the Fungicides Tebuconazole and Epoxiconazole. Toxicol Sci 2007; 100:464-73. [PMID: 17785682 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The triazole fungicides tebuconazole and epoxiconazole were investigated for reproductive toxic effects after exposure during gestation and lactation. Rats were dosed with epoxiconazole (15 or 50 mg/kg bw/day) or tebuconazole (50 or 100 mg/kg bw/day) during pregnancy from gestational day (GD) 7 and continued during lactation until postnatal day (PND) 16. Some dams were randomly chosen for cesarean section at GD 21 to evaluate effects on sexual differentiation in the fetuses. Other dams delivered normally, and the pups were examined (e.g., anogenital distance [AGD] and hormone levels) at birth, at PND 13 or PND 16, and semen quality was assessed in adults. Both tebuconazole and epoxiconazole affected reproductive development in the offspring after exposure in utero. Both compounds virilized the female offspring as shown by an increased AGD PND 0. Furthermore, tebuconazole had a feminizing effect on male offspring as shown by increased nipple retention. This effect was likely caused by the reduced testosterone levels seen in male fetuses. Tebuconazole increased the testicular concentrations of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in male fetuses, indicating a direct impact on the steroid synthesis pathway in the Leydig cells. The high dose of epoxiconazole had marked fetotoxic effects, while the lower dose caused increased birth weights. The increased birth weights may be explained by a marked increase in testosterone levels in dams during gestation. Common features for azole fungicides are that they increase gestational length, virilize female pups, and affect steroid hormone levels in fetuses and/or dams. These effects strongly indicate that one major underlying mechanism for the endocrine-disrupting effects of azole fungicides is disturbance of key enzymes like CYP17 involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Taxvig
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860, Søborg, Denmark
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Ukkola O, Rankinen T, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. A genome-wide linkage scan for steroids and SHBG levels in black and white families: the HERITAGE Family Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:3708-20. [PMID: 12161500 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.87.8.8725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify loci-harboring genes affecting steroid hormone and SHBG plasma levels, a genomic-wide scan was performed in the HERITAGE Family Study at baseline. The following steroid hormones were assayed: androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol glucuronide, androsterone glucuronide, cortisol, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (OH-PROG), progesterone (PROG), pregnenolone ester, and testosterone. A total of 509 markers on the 22 autosomes were genotyped, and a maximum of 357 pairs of siblings from white families and 103 from black families were available for the study. Significant linkages with LOD scores over 3.6 (P < 2.2 x 10(-5)) for SHBG were observed in blacks on 1q44 (D1S321), 5p13.3 (D5S1986), 10q24.1 (D10S1239), and 12q12 (D12S1653) in both singlepoint and multipoint analyses. Promising evidence of linkage (1.75 < LOD < 3.6; 2.2 x 10(-5) < P < 0.0023) for SHBG was observed on 1q44 in singlepoint analysis in whites. In addition, several other loci in blacks exhibited promising evidence of linkage, suggesting that many genes can potentially regulate SHBG levels. In the case of C21 steroids, promising linkages were found on 1q43 (D1S517) for PROG, 2p25.1 (D2S1400) for pregnenolone ester, and 18q21.32 (D18S38) for OH-PROG in whites and on 3q25.33 (D3S1763) for OH-PROG in blacks, both singlepoint and multipoint analyses (P < 0.0023). The strongest signals for C19 steroids were found on 22q12.3 for testosterone in whites (P = 0.0024 in multipoint) and on 8q22.1 for dihydrotestosterone in blacks. In blacks, the strongest evidence of linkage for estradiol (C18 steroid) was provided by marker D1S1588 on 1p21.3 and in whites by markers D2S2374 and D2S2347 on 2p21, and D6S465 on 6p12.3. Several genes encoding enzymes of the steroid biosynthesis pathways but also other potential candidate genes were located in the vicinity of the genomic regions showing evidence of linkage in this genomic scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Ukkola
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisianan State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
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