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Internalizing symptoms among Asian American language brokers: The moderating role of values enculturation. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:713-721. [PMID: 35348431 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2055433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Language brokering (LB) is an act of interpreting and translating that immigrants often engage in to help their family members who may not be fluent in the English language. The study examined whether adhering to Asian American values (ie, values enculturation) could moderate the association between LB and internalizing symptoms (eg, depression, anxiety) among Asian American college students. Participants & Methods: An online survey was administered to a sample of 159 Asian American college students who had engaged in LB. Results: Results from the moderation analysis indicated that Asian American values enculturation significantly buffered against the adverse effects of high LB frequency on internalizing symptoms after controlling for gender and generation status. Conclusions: The current study offered insights into the toll that LB could take on Asian American college students' mental health as well as the potential protective roles of values enculturation.
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Utility of cranial MRI in non-traumatic headache patients with prior negative head CT within 1 month. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:189-196. [PMID: 38092644 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the importance of additional cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in non-traumatic headache patients with a prior negative head computed tomography (CT) examination within 1 month. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study analysed 162 adult patients with non-traumatic headache who underwent cMRI within 1 month of a negative initial head CT at the emergency department (ED). The diagnostic yield and false-referral rate were analysed according to the revisit duration (early [≤1 week] versus late [>1-4 weeks] revisits), patient care settings (ED versus outpatient clinics [OPC]), and clinical variables. Subsequent patient management change (PMC), such as admission and treatment (AT) or outpatient clinic treatment (OT), were also investigated. RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield of cMRI was 17.3% (28/162) and the false-referral rate was 1.2% (2/162). The diagnostic yield of cMRI was significantly different according to the patient care settings (ED, 24.7% [21/85] versus OPC, 9.1% [7/77]; p=0.02). The diagnostic yield was highest in the ED-early-revisit group (25.4% [18/71]), 45% (9/20) in those with systemic signs, and 46.7% (14/30) in those with symptom change. Among patients with positive cMRI findings, 90% (27/30) received AT and 3.3% (1/30) received OT. Among OPC-revisit-negative cMRI patients, PMC occurred in 0% (0/50). CONCLUSION The diagnostic yield of cMRI was relatively high for headache patients who revisited the ED earlier, especially in those with systemic signs or symptom change. Most positive cMRI cases experienced PMC. Negative cMRI in OPC-revisit patients might help clarify the benign nature of a condition.
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Widening disparities in the national prevalence of diabetes mellitus for people with disabilities in South Korea. Public Health 2024; 226:173-181. [PMID: 38071950 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Korea, diabetes mellitus has a high disease burden, based on disability-adjusted life years. However, the disease burden is disproportionately distributed, with people with disabilities (PWD) experiencing higher rates of health disparities. Our study investigated long-term trends in diabetes prevalence and risk according to disability status, grade, and type. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Approximately 10 million individuals aged ≥30 years were included yearly from the National Health Information Database (NHID) and national disability registration data in Korea between 2008 and 2017, corresponding to 40 % of those aged ≥30 years in Korea. In 2017, 12, 975, 757 individuals were included; 5.5 % had disabilities. We estimated annual diabetes age-standardized prevalence and used multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds of having diabetes in 2017, according to disability status, severity, and type. RESULTS Diabetes age-standardized prevalence consistently increased over 2008-2017 in PWD and people without disabilities. However, the prevalence increased more rapidly and was higher in all years among PWD, with widening disparities based on disability status. Additionally, diabetes prevalence was high in all years for specific subgroups, including women, individuals with intellectual or mental disabilities or autism, and individuals with severe disabilities, suggesting further disparities among PWD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal health disparities between those with and without disabilities and among PWD subgroups. In addition to timely prevention, diabetes screening and management among PWD is vital. Public investment in improving disparities in the root causes of diabetes is essential, including health behaviours, healthcare utilization, and self-care.
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Work-family conflicts and pain interference among midlife adults: a longitudinal serial mediation via family strain and loneliness. Psychol Health 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37772746 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2259929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Work-family conflict has been shown to adversely affect individuals' health and function, particularly among individuals with chronic pain. The current study's longitudinal serial mediation model examined whether work-to-family conflict predicted greater pain interference through higher levels of family strain and loneliness among midlife adults with chronic pain. METHODS AND MEASURES The study consisted of 303 participants from two waves of the national longitudinal study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) at wave II from 2004 to 2006 (Mage = 57, SD = 11) and wave 3 from 2013 to 2014 (Mage = 66, SD = 11). Participants were employed at time 1 and had chronic pain at both time points, and 54.5% of participants identified as female. RESULTS Family strain at time 1 (T1) and loneliness at time 2 (T2), respectively, significantly mediated the association of work-to-family conflict (T1) on pain interference at T2. Participants with greater work-to-family conflict perceived more family strain, felt lonelier, and, in turn, reported experiencing higher interference from chronic pain. CONCLUSION Results suggest that unmanaged work-to-family conflict could be a risk factor that exacerbates chronic pain symptoms through worsening family relationships and loneliness among midlife adults with chronic pain.
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Nationwide prevalence and trends in cigarette smoking among adult men with and without disabilities in South Korea between 2009 and 2017. Public Health 2023; 222:92-99. [PMID: 37536197 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current smoking rates for people with and without disabilities vary among countries. This study analyzed smoking behavior over 9 years in adult South Korean men with disabilities, according to disability severity and type, and in those without disabilities. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS This analysis was conducted using national disability registration data and national general health checkup data for 2009-2017. Age-standardized smoking behaviors were analyzed for each year according to the presence, severity, and type of disability. The odds of current smoking were determined by multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS The age-standardized smoking rate and average number of cigarettes for men with mild disabilities in the younger age group were 1.16 (43.0 vs 36.8%) and 1.05 (16.1 vs 15.3 cigarettes) times higher than in non-disabled men as of 2017. The highest smoking rate was observed in men with physical disabilities in the younger age. In the older age group, the highest smoking rate was that of men with intellectual or psychological disabilities. CONCLUSION Smoking behaviors remained poorest in men with disabilities, especially those with mild, physical, and intellectual/psychological disabilities. Public health policies should focus on people with disabilities to promote health, prevent secondary conditions, and reduce health disparities by implementing antismoking health policies.
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Respiratory microbiome profiles are associated with distinct inflammatory phenotype and lung function in children with asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023:0. [PMID: 37260034 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory microbiome studies have fostered our understanding of various phenotypes and endotypes of heterogeneous asthma. However, the relationship between the respiratory microbiome and clinical phenotypes in children with asthma remains unclear. We aimed to identify microbiome-driven clusters reflecting the clinical features of asthma and their dominant microbiotas in children with asthma. METHODS Induced sputum was collected from children with asthma, and microbiome profiles were generated via sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Cluster analysis was performed using the partitioning around medoid clustering method. The dominant microbiota in each cluster was determined using the Linear Discriminant Effect Size analysis. Each cluster was analyzed for association among the dominant microbiota, clinical phenotype, and inflammatory cytokine. RESULTS Eighty-three children diagnosed with asthma were evaluated. Among four clusters reflecting the clinical characteristics of asthma, cluster 1, dominated by Haemophilus and Neisseria, demonstrated lower post-bronchodilator (BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) than that in the other clusters and more mixed granulocytic asthma. Neisseria negatively correlated with pre-BD and post-BD FEV1/FVC. Haemophilus and Neisseria positively correlated with programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the relationship between an unbiased microbiome-driven cluster and clinical phenotype in children with asthma. The cluster dominated by Haemophilus and Neisseria showed fixed airflow obstruction and mixed granulocytic asthma, which correlated with PD-L1 levels. Thus, microbiome-driven unbiased clustering can help identify new asthma phenotypes related to endotypes in childhood asthma.
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Effects of genomic estimated breeding value and dietary energy to protein ratio on growth performance, carcass trait, and lipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo steer. Animal 2023; 17:100728. [PMID: 36870258 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
"Genome-based precision feeding" is a concept that involves the application of customised diets to different genetic groups of cattle. We investigated the effects of the genomic estimated breeding value (gEBV) and dietary energy to protein ratio (DEP) on growth performance, carcass traits, and lipogenic gene expression in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers. Forty-four Hanwoo steers (BW = 636 kg, age = 26.9 months) were genotyped using the Illumina Bovine 50 K BeadChip. The gEBV was calculated using genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Animals were separated into high gEBV of marbling score or low-gMS groups based on the upper and lower 50% groupings of the reference population, respectively. Animals were assigned to one of four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: high gMS/high DEP (0.084 MJ/g), high gMS/low DEP (0.079 MJ/g), low gMS/high DEP, and low gMS/low DEP. Steers were fed concentrate with a high or low DEP for 31 weeks. The BW tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in the high-gMS groups compared to the low-gMS groups at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks. The average daily gain (ADG) tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in the high-gMS group than in the low-gMS group. Final BW and measured carcass weight (CW) were positively correlated with the gEBV of carcass weight (gCW). The DEP did not affect ADG. Neither the gMS nor the DEP affected the MS and beef quality grade. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the longissimus thoracis (LT) tended to be higher (P = 0.08) in the high-gMS groups than in the low-gMS groups. The mRNA levels of lipogenic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid binding protein 4 genes in the LT were higher (P < 0.05) in the high-gMS group than in the low-gMS group. Overall, the IMF content tended to be affected by the gMS, and the genetic potential (i.e., gMS) was associated with the functional activity of lipogenic gene expression. The gCW was associated with the measured BW and CW. The results demonstrated that the gMS and the gCW may be used as early prediction indexes for meat quality and growth potential of beef cattle.
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National trends in suicide-related behaviors among youths between 2005-2020, including COVID-19: a Korean representative survey of one million adolescents. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:1192-1202. [PMID: 36808368 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is difficult to conclude that COVID-19 is associated with a decrease in the suicide attempts rate by comparing only a short-term period. Therefore, it is necessary to examine attempted suicide rates through a trend analysis over a longer period. This study aimed to investigate an estimated long-term trend regarding the prevalence of suicide-related behaviors among adolescents in South Korea from 2005 to 2020, including COVID-19. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We sourced data from a national representative survey (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey) and analyzed one million Korean adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (n=1,057,885) from 2005 to 2020. The 16-year trends regarding the prevalence of sadness or despair and suicidal ideation and attempt and the trend changes before and during COVID-19. RESULTS Data of 1,057,885 Korean adolescents was analyzed (weighted mean age, 15.03 years; males, 52.5%; females, 47.5%). Although the 16-year trend in the prevalence of sadness or despair and suicide ideation and attempt consistently decreased (prevalence of sadness or despair between 2005-2008, 38.0% with 95% confidence interval [CI], 37.7 to 38.4 vs. prevalence in 2020, 25.0% [24.5 to 25.6]; suicide ideation between 2005-2008, 21.9% [21.6 to 22.1] vs. prevalence in 2020, 10.7% [10.3 to 11.1]; and suicide attempt between 2005-2008, 5.0% [4.9 to 5.2] vs. prevalence in 2020, 1.9% [1.8 to 2.0]), the downward slope decreased during COVID-19 (βdiff in sadness, 0.215 with 95% CI 0.206 to 0.224; βdiff in suicidal ideation, 0.245 [0.234 to 0.256]; and βdiff in suicide attempt, 0.219 [0.201 to 0.237]) compared with pre-pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the observed risk of suicide-related behaviors during the pandemic was higher than expected through long-term trend analysis of the prevalence of sadness/despair and suicidal ideation and attempts among South Korean adolescents. We need a profound epidemiologic study of the change in mental health due to the pandemic's impact and the establishment of prevention strategies for suicide ideation and attempt.
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Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy With Capecitabine With or Without Temozolomide in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prospective, Randomised Phase II Study Stratified by O 6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase Status: KCSG-CO17-02. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e143-e152. [PMID: 36376167 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the clinical efficacy of adding temozolomide (TMZ) to preoperative capecitabine (CAP)-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and validate O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status as a predictive marker for TMZ combined regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS LARC patients with clinical stage II (cT3-4N0) or III (cTanyN+) disease were enrolled. They were stratified into unmethylated MGMT (uMGMT) and methylated MGMT (mMGMT) groups by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction before randomisation and were then randomly assigned (1:1) to one of four treatment arms: uMGMT/CAP (arm A), uMGMT/TMZ + CAP (arm B), mMGMT/CAP (arm C) and mMGMT/TMZ + CAP (arm D). The primary end point was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. RESULTS Between November 2017 and July 2020, 64 patients were randomised. Slow accrual caused early study termination. After excluding four ineligible patients, 60 were included in the full analysis set. The pCR rate was 15.0% (9/60), 0%, 14.3%, 18.8% and 26.7% for the entire cohort, arms A, B, C and D, respectively (P = 0.0498 between arms A and D). The pCR rate was 9.7% in the CAP group (arms A + C), 20.7% in the TMZ + CAP group (arms B + D), 6.9% in the uMGMT group (arms A + B) and 22.6% in the mMGMT group (arms C + D). Grade 1-2 nausea or vomiting was significantly more frequent in the TMZ + CAP treatment groups (arms B + D) than in the CAP treatment groups (arms A + C, P < 0.001) with no difference in grade 3 adverse events. There were no grade 4 or 5 adverse events. CONCLUSION The addition of TMZ to CAP-based chemoradiotherapy tended to improve pCR rates, particularly in those with mMGMT LARC. MGMT status may warrant further investigation as a predictive biomarker for chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy.
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17-year trends of body mass index, overweight, and obesity among adolescents from 2005 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic: a Korean national representative study. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:1565-1575. [PMID: 36876712 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of pediatric studies that have analyzed trends in mean body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of obesity and overweight over a period that includes the mid-stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we aimed to investigate trends in BMI, overweight, and obesity among Korean adolescents from 2005 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), which is nationally representative of South Korea. The study included middle- and high-school students between the ages of 12 and 18. We examined trends in mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and/or overweight during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared these to those of pre-pandemic trends in each subgroup by gender, grade, and residential region. RESULTS Data from 1,111,300 adolescents (mean age: 15.04 years) were analyzed. The estimated weighted mean BMI was 20.48 kg/m2 (95% CI, 20.46-20.51) between 2005 and 2007, and this was 21.61 kg/m2 (95% CI, 21.54-21.68) in 2021. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.1% (95% CI, 12.9-13.3%) between 2005 and 2007 and 23.4% (95% CI, 22.8-24.0%) in 2021. The mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and overweight have gradually increased over the past 17 years; however, the extent of change in mean BMI and in the prevalence of obesity and overweight during the pandemic was distinctly less than before. The 17-year trends in the mean BMI, obesity, and overweight exhibited a considerable rise from 2005 to 2021; however, the slope during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) was significantly less prominent than in the pre-pandemic (2005-2019). CONCLUSIONS These findings enable us to comprehend long-term trends in the mean BMI of Korean adolescents and further emphasize the need for practical prevention measures against youth obesity and overweight.
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Perfectionism, Prolonged Stress Reactivity, and Depression: A Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Analysis. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36406657 PMCID: PMC9640895 DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perfectionism is a vulnerability factor for a wide array of psychopathology. Despite much evidence suggesting dysregulated stress response as an intermediary process that links perfectionism to psychopathology, the lack of a cross-lagged examination deterred researchers from making causal interpretations. This study examined the directionality of effects among perfectionism dimensions, stress reactivity, and depression. A total of 189 participants at time 1 and 94 at time 2 completed an online survey that consisted of measures of perfectionism, stress reactivity, and depression, one month apart. Cross-lagged analysis results showed that personal standards perfectionism predicted later prolonged stress reactivity but not depression at time 2. Self-critical perfectionism predicted later depression but not prolonged stress reactivity at time 2. Rather, prolonged stress reactivity at time 1 predicted self-critical perfectionism at time 2. Findings suggest that perfectionism dimensions are distinct in creating a dysregulated stress process. Future studies could incorporate other stress-related variables (e.g., coping) to further explicate the stress-generation process, in conjunction with stress reactivity.
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Cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism and risk of opioid misuse: A test of Social Cognitive Theory. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2341-2356. [PMID: 35881671 PMCID: PMC9796527 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the critical role social and cultural contexts play in pain experience, limited theoretical and empirical attention has been devoted to the interplay between social, cognitive, cultural, and psychological factors in chronic pain management and the risk of opioid misuse. METHODS Using structural equation modeling, the present study tested the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) of chronic pain management and risk of opioid misuse in the context of intraindividual cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism among 316 ethnically diverse adults with chronic pain in the United States. RESULTS Social cognitive predictors account for a significant amount of variance in pain dysfunction and risk of opioid misuse in adults with chronic pain. Satisfaction with pain support was positively associated with both greater pain acceptance and greater pain self-efficacy. Individualism was found to be positively associated with satisfaction with pain support, pain self-efficacy, and pain acceptance but negatively associated with the risk of opioid misuse. Collectivism was positively associated with the risk of opioid misuse. CONCLUSIONS The study findings not only empirically support using SCT for adults with chronic pain, but also provide a more thorough conceptual framework that highlights the intracultural diversity and interplay among social, cognitive, and psychological factors that affect pain experience and the risk of opioid misuse among adults with chronic pain.
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Minority stress and academic outcomes among ethnic minority college students: Anxiety as a mediating mechanism. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36194427 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2128683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The present study examines the relationship between minority stress and academic outcomes for ethnic minority college students in the U.S. We explore to what extent anxiety functions as a potential mediating mechanism for these relationships. Participants: Data were obtained from 347 undergraduate ethnic minority college students attending a public university in West Texas. Results: Results revealed that minority stress was significantly related to anxiety symptoms when controlling for ethnic minority group membership. Additionally, it was found that anxiety symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between minority stress and major satisfaction, controlling for ethnic minority group membership. Conclusions: This study contributes to the existing psychological literature on ethnic minority college students by highlighting the extent that minority stress is related to certain academic outcomes, taking a step further to investigate anxiety as a mechanism that may explain these relationships.
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Facemask ventilation and vocal cord angle following neuromuscular blockade: a prospective observational study . Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1010-1017. [PMID: 35727620 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies support the idea that neuromuscular blockade facilitates facemask ventilation after induction of anaesthesia. Although improved airway patency or pulmonary compliance and a resolution of laryngospasm have been suggested as possible causes, the exact mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether neuromuscular blockade improves facemask ventilation and to clarify whether this phenomenon is associated with the vocal cord angle. This prospective observational study included patients aged between 20 and 65 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. After induction of anaesthesia, patients' lungs were ventilated with pressure-controlled ventilation using a facemask. During facemask ventilation, a flexible bronchoscope was inserted through a self-sealing diaphragm at the elbow connector attached to the facemask and breathing circuit and positioned to allow a continuous view of the vocal cords. The mean tidal volume and vocal cord angle were measured before and after administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Of 108 patients, 100 completed the study. Mean (SD) tidal volume ((11.0 (3.9) ml.kg-1 vs. 13.6 (2.6) ml.kg-1 ; p < 0.001) and mean (SD) vocal cord angle (17° (10°) vs. 26° (5°); p < 0.001) increased significantly after neuromuscular blockade. The proportional increase in mean tidal volume after neuromuscular blockade was positively correlated with vocal cord angle (Spearman's ρ = 0.803; p < 0.001). In conclusion, neuromuscular blockade facilitated facemask ventilation, and the improvement was correlated with further opening of the vocal cords.
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Abstract
Exposed dental pulp can maintain its vitality through a pulp-capping procedure with biocompatible materials, followed by reparative dentin formation. Our previous study demonstrated that a vitronectin-derived peptide (VnP-16) promotes osteoblast differentiation and concomitantly restrains osteoclast differentiation and resorptive function. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that VnP-16 promotes odontoblast differentiation, mineralization, and reparative dentin formation in a pulp exposure model using a rat tooth. VnP-16 showed no cytotoxicity and promoted cellular behavior in human dental pulp cells, enhancing their differentiation into odontoblast-like cells and mineralization, effects that are comparable to those obtained with vitronectin. In a rat pulp exposure model, VnP-16 showed mild inflammatory responses at 2 and 4 wk or none. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) demonstrated a tendency of early formation of reparative dentin at 2 wk when compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and VnP-16. However, VnP-16 induced reparative dentin formation similar to MTA and rhBMP-2 without inflammation at 4 wk. In addition, VnP-16 showed a thicker and homogeneous reparative dentin formation versus MTA and rhBMP-2. Collectively, these results suggest that VnP-16 can be a useful, direct pulp-capping agent for highly qualified reparative dentin formation by promoting cell behavior and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.
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COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:3760-3770. [PMID: 35647859 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202205_28873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to assess the susceptibility to and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) and following AIRD drug use. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included observational and case-controlled studies assessing susceptibility and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with AIRD as well as the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 with or without use of steroids and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). RESULTS Meta-analysis including three studies showed that patients with AIRD are not more susceptible to COVID-19 compared to patients without AIRD or the general population (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.58 to 2.14). Incidence of severe outcomes of COVID-19 (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.76 to 2.35) and COVID-19 related death (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.68 to 2.16) also did not show significant difference. The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 among AIRD patients with and without csDMARD or steroid showed that both use of steroid (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.96 to 2.98) or csDMARD (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.63 to 3.08) had no effect on clinical outcomes of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS AIRD does not increase susceptibility to COVID-19, not affecting the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Similarly, the use of steroids or csDMARDs for AIRD does not worsen the clinical outcome.
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A test of the integrative mediation model of minority stress with sexual minority adults. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Profiles of mindfulness and difficulties in emotion regulation and links to work-family-school conflict. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:420-427. [PMID: 32407176 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1752696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective We explored latent profiles based on mindfulness and difficulties in emotion regulation scores, and investigated each profiles' relations to work-family-school conflict (WFSC). Participants: A total of 194 first year college students (64.4% women) participated in this study. Methods: Latent profile analysis was utilized. Results: Three profiles emerged, characterized as the "healthy" profile (57.5%), the "observant yet judgmental" profile (33.3%) and the "unhealthy without strategies" profile (9.2%). The "healthy" profile showed (a) significantly lower scores on all conflict domains compared to the "observant yet judgmental" profile, and (b) significantly lower scores on all behavior-based conflicts regardless of the domains, compared to the "unhealthy without strategies" profile. The difference between the "observant yet judgmental" profile and "unhealthy without strategies" profile appeared in family-school time. Results indicate that mindfulness and healthy emotion regulation capacity function as protective factors to WFSC. Conclusions: Our findings hold strength in explicating profiles that would otherwise have not been detected when exploring mindfulness and difficulties in emotion regulation independently.
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Longitudinal Stability of Work-Family Enrichment and its Association with Well-Being and Personality Traits. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2021; 49:907-939. [PMID: 34381249 PMCID: PMC8354552 DOI: 10.1177/00110000211015909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Are higher levels of work-family enrichment a consequence or manifestation of certain personality traits and individuals' psychological functioning? Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models, this study examined the hypothesized stability of work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and family-to-work enrichment (FWE) over two 10-year intervals, the extent to which the within-person changes of WFE and FWE are associated with personality traits and psychological well-being (PWB), and possible gender differences. In this 20-year, longitudinal data analysis of employed adults (N=535), results indicated the robust nature of the stability of WFE/FWE. Our results suggest that personality traits were not associated with within-person change for either WFE or FWE, but PWB was associated with within-person change. Theoretically and conceptually, our findings provide strong evidence that work-family enrichment is not simply an "optimistic worldview" created by personality and well-being. The within-person results lend strong evidence that interventions that improve psychological well-being will also enhance work-family enrichment.
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Career development of male counseling psychology doctoral students: A qualitative analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Prescription pain medication use among midlife and older adults with chronic pain: The roles of generativity and perceived family support. FAMILIES, SYSTEMS & HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2021; 39:248-258. [PMID: 33475385 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the roles of generativity (i.e., the need to care for and contribute to future generations) and perceived family support in prescription pain medication use among midlife and older adults with chronic pain. METHODS The sample consisted of 826 participants with chronic pain from the Midlife in the United States data set (Midlife in the United States III, 2013-2014). RESULTS The results of a moderated mediation analysis indicated that generativity significantly mitigated the negative association between pain interference and perceived family support, and those with high generativity reported consuming more prescription pain medications at all levels of pain interference. DISCUSSION The findings indicated the protective roles of generativity in attenuating the detrimental effects of chronic pain on family support and suggested the potential roles of perceived family support and generativity in medication adherence among midlife and older adults with chronic pain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Diagnostic accuracy of the jetting sign and a dilatation ratio of left renal vein in CT urography for detecting anterior nutcracker syndrome. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:510-518. [PMID: 33736881 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) urography findings of anterior nutcracker syndrome (NCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included patients with left renal vein (LRV) compression at the aortomesenteric portion at CT urography who underwent renal venography or cystoscopy. Patients with a renocaval pressure gradient of ≥3 mmHg on renal venography or bloody urine jetting from the left ureteral orifice on cystoscopy were defined as the NCS group; the remaining patients comprised the non-NCS group. CT findings were analysed using the jetting of contrast medium flow from the LRV to the inferior vena cava (jetting sign), aortomesenteric distance, presence of collateral veins, and a dilatation ratio of LRV diameter at the aortomesenteric portion (arterial phase/delayed phases). Clinical findings, including age, gender, and body-mass-index, were also analysed. CT features and clinical findings were compared between the NCS and non-NCS groups. Diagnostic performance of CT parameters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 70 patients (21 men, mean age 44.4 ± 17.2 years) with NCS (n=13) and non-NCS (n=57) were included. Younger age (<40 years), presence of the jetting sign, and a lower dilatation ratio of LRV diameter between the arterial and delayed phases (<1.7) were found to be significant independent factors for predicting the NCS group (OR 24.5, 18.9, 19.4, respectively, p<0.05 for all). The combination of the presence of the jetting sign and a dilatation ratio of LRV diameter of <1.7 obtained the highest AUC of 0.88. CONCLUSION The jetting sign and the dilatation ratio of LRV diameter between the arterial and delayed phases can both be very useful in the diagnosis of anterior nutcracker syndrome during CT urography.
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Men, Chronic Pain, and Prescription Pain Medication Use: The Role of Gender Role Beliefs in a Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:3603-3614. [PMID: 31502648 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although past research has established that men with chronic pain are more likely to misuse prescription pain medications in a myriad of ways compared with women, little is known about men's medication use in the context of their gender role beliefs. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of men's domestic gender role beliefs on their use of prescription pain medication for chronic pain. METHODS Using a nationally representative data set with 304 men with chronic pain, this study examined a longitudinal moderated mediation model in which pain interference mediates the longitudinal relationship between somatic amplification and prescription pain medication use, with domestic gender role beliefs as a moderator of the aforementioned mediated relationship. RESULTS Results indicated a significant moderated mediation model in which pain interference fully mediated the relationship between somatic amplification and prescription pain medication use, with men's domestic gender role beliefs moderating this mediated relationship. Specifically, domestic gender role beliefs moderated the relationship between pain interference and prescription pain medication use. Men with higher levels of traditional domestic gender role beliefs strengthened the mediated relationship, contributing to increased prescription pain medication use. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that although men's perceptions of somatic stimuli through its perceived interference contribute to their medication use, the extent to which they consume prescription pain medication depends on their beliefs in domestic gender roles during chronic pain.
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In reply to Huo et al.: Treating small hepatocellular carcinoma: Stereotactic body radiation therapy versus radiofrequency ablation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:2293. [PMID: 32909286 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Search for Sub-eV Sterile Neutrinos at RENO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:191801. [PMID: 33216576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a search result for a light sterile neutrino oscillation with roughly 2200 live days of data in the RENO experiment. The search is performed by electron antineutrino (ν[over ¯]_{e}) disappearance taking place between six 2.8 GW_{th} reactors and two identical detectors located at 294 m (near) and 1383 m (far) from the center of the reactor array. A spectral comparison between near and far detectors can explore reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} oscillations to a light sterile neutrino. An observed spectral difference is found to be consistent with that of the three-flavor oscillation model. This yields limits on sin^{2}2θ_{14} in the 10^{-4}≲|Δm_{41}^{2}|≲0.5 eV^{2} region, free from reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} flux and spectrum uncertainties. The RENO result provides the most stringent limits on sterile neutrino mixing at |Δm_{41}^{2}|≲0.002 eV^{2} using the ν[over ¯]_{e} disappearance channel.
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Association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and osteoporosis: two nested case-control studies. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2017-2024. [PMID: 32483682 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) was related to a 1.28 times higher risk of osteoporosis. In addition, osteoporosis was associated with a 1.34 times higher risk of BPPV. This bidirectional relation was maintained after adjusting past medical histories and lifestyle factors, including obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the reciprocal association between BPPV and osteoporosis. In subgroup analyses, only women showed a reciprocal association between BPPV and osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION A previous population cohort study suggested an association between osteoporosis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). This study aimed to investigate the bidirectional association between BPPV and osteoporosis. METHODS The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2013 were used. In study I, the 50,897 osteoporosis patients were 1:1 matched with control I participants for age, sex, income, and region of residence. The previous histories of BPPV were analyzed in both groups using conditional logistic regression analysis. In study II, 9621 BPPV patients were 1:4 matched with control II participants. The previous histories of osteoporosis were analyzed in both groups using conditional logistic regression analysis. According to age and sex, subgroup analyses were achieved in both studies I and II. RESULTS A total of 1.6% (822/50,897) of osteoporosis patients and 1.3% (644/50,897) of control I participants had BPPV. The osteoporosis patients demonstrated a 1.28 times higher chance of developing BPPV (95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 1.16-1.42, P < 0.001). In study II, 21.2% (2040/9621) of BPPV patients and 17.6% (6790/38,484) of control II participants had osteoporosis. The BPPV patients showed 1.34 times higher chance of having osteoporosis (95% CI = 1.26-1.43, P < 0.001). In the analysis of the women subgroup, these relations were reliable. CONCLUSION Osteoporosis patients had increased odds of having BPPV. On the other hand, BPPV patients had increased odds of having osteoporosis. This bidirectional relation was consistent only in the women subgroup.
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Daily change patterns in mindfulness and psychological health: A pilot intervention. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:496-515. [PMID: 32860443 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the differences in first-year college students' daily change trajectories in subjective happiness, depression, anxiety, stress, and state mindfulness. METHOD A 5-day, online mindfulness-based intervention (MI) condition and stress management (SM) condition were employed in 247 first-year college students. RESULTS Students in both the MI and SM conditions displayed similar significant linear declines in anxiety and stress, but there were significant differences between the two conditions, including: (1) the MI condition showing a significant linear increase in subjective happiness compared with no change in the SM condition and (2) the SM condition showed a significant linear decrease in depression compared to no significant change in the MI condition. CONCLUSION Brief online interventions-whether MI or SM-can promote better mental health and reduce psychological distress. The results also lend support for MI's differential influence on first-year college students' happiness and SM's differential influence on their depression.
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Social Contribution and Psychological Well-Being among Midlife Adults with Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Approach. J Aging Health 2020; 32:1591-1601. [PMID: 32762575 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320947293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Contributing to the welfare of others has been shown to have positive effects on people's social and psychological well-being (PWB). The current study examined whether social contribution (SC) could alleviate the negative effects of chronic pain on PWB through perceived social support (PSS) among midlife and older adults. Methods: The study consisted of 520 participants with chronic pain from the two waves of the Midlife in the United States dataset (MIDUS II and III). Results: Results from the longitudinal moderated mediation analysis indicated that SC at Time 2 (T2) significantly buffered the negative effect of pain interference (PI) at Time 1 (T1) on PSS at T2, which indirectly alleviated the negative effect of PI at T1 on PWB at T2. Discussion: The study suggested the protective role of SC and prosocial behaviors in mitigating the detrimental effects of chronic pain on social support and PWB.
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Female reproductive factors and the risk of dementia: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1448-1458. [PMID: 32396982 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to investigate whether female reproductive factors are associated with dementia. METHODS In all, 4 696 633 post-menopausal women without dementia were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance System database. Data on reproductive factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Dementia was determined using dementia diagnosis codes and anti-dementia drug prescription. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to assess the hazard ratio (HR) for dementia according to reproductive factors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.74 years, there were 212 227 new cases of all-cause dementia (4.5%), 162 901 cases of Alzheimer's disease (3.5%) and 24 029 cases of vascular dementia (0.5%). The HR of dementia was 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.16] for menarcheal age ≥17 years compared with menarcheal age 13-14 years, 0.79 (0.77-0.81) for menopausal age ≥55 years compared with menopausal age <40 years, and 0.81 (0.79-0.82) for fertility duration ≥40 years compared with fertility duration <30 years. Whilst being of parity one (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85-0.94) and breastfeeding <6 months (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.95) was associated with lower risk of dementia, being of parity two or more (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.99-1.05) and breastfeeding ≥12 months (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.07) was associated with a higher risk of dementia than women without parity or breastfeeding history. Use of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives independently reduced the dementia risk by 15% and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Female reproductive factors are independent risk factors for dementia incidence, with higher risk associated with shorter lifetime endogenous estrogen exposure.
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0109 Slow Wave Sleep Time and Its Oscillatory Features Show Opposite Associations with Emotional Memory Consolidation Following Stress. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep and stress can both enhance emotional memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep (SWS), oscillatory features such as slow oscillations (SO), sleep spindles (SS), and critically, their coupling, are believed to facilitate consolidation. How they relate to emotional memory consolidation is less clear, and how stress interacts with these oscillations is unknown.
Methods
In this study, participants either underwent a psychosocial stressor (the Trier Social Stress Task; n = 32) or a control task (n=32). Next, they encoded 150 neutral, negative, and positive images while undergoing fMRI. Participants then spent the night in the lab with polysomnographic recording. The next day they were given a surprise recognition test.
Results
There was better memory for emotional compared to neutral items in the stress group. Within this group, % of time spent in SWS positively correlated with emotional memory consolidation (r=.37, p=.039). However, SO-SS coupling during SWS was negatively correlated with emotional memory consolidation in the stress group (r=-.47, p=.007). This was driven by participants who showed a high cortisol response following the stressor (cortisol * coupling interaction p=.03) Results were similar when negative and positive items were analyzed separately. No correlations with neutral item memory were found.
Conclusion
Sleep stage time and sleep oscillatory activity exert different effects on emotional memory following stress, and that SO-SS coupling does not always promote episodic memory consolidation. SO-SS coupling can impair emotional memories when encoded during periods of elevated stress, and accompanying neuromodulators such as cortisol are high.
Support
National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: BXS-1539361
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Do “manly” men believe other men are happier? Social comparison, masculine norms, and positive work–family spillover. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1037/men0000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Clinical features and prognosis of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:678-684. [PMID: 31315699 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share common risk factors. They could therefore be expressed in a single patient. However, the prevalence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of individuals with comorbid IPF and COPD are not known. </sec> <sec> <title>METHOD</title> From 2003 to 2007, the Korean Interstitial Lung Disease Study Group created a register for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia using 2002 ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) criteria. Of the 1546 IPF patients assessed, 143 had decreased lung function consistent with COPD (IPF-COPD). COPD was diagnosed based on age (≥40 years) and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] ratio < 0.7). </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The median age of the IPF-COPD group was 71.0 years (interquartile range 66.0-76.0); most patients were male (88.1%). FVC (%) was significantly higher in the IPF-COPD group; however, FEV1 (%) was significantly lower in the IPF-COPD group (P < 0.001). Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was not significantly different between the two groups. In survival analysis, age and FVC (%), but not COPD, were significantly associated with prognosis (respectively P = 0.003, 0.001 and 0.401). COPD severity was also not related to prognosis (P = 0.935). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSION</title> The prevalence of IPF-COPD was estimated to be ∼9.2% among all IPF patients; prognosis of patients with IPF-COPD was not worse than those with IPF alone. </sec>.
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A cross-cultural comparison of psychology of working theory among U.S. and Korean college students. J Couns Psychol 2019; 67:568-579. [PMID: 31855027 DOI: 10.1037/cou0000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The cross-cultural validity of a modified version of psychology of working theory (PWT; Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016) was tested in samples of United States (n = 346) and Korean (n = 319) undergraduates. Participants completed measures of economic resources, work volition, career adaptability, occupational engagement, and future decent work perceptions. The results illustrated measurement invariance between the two samples. Thus, the hypothesized models were tested separately in the two samples and the results were compared regarding parameter significance, direction, and magnitude. Overall, the modified model generally fit well with both samples. However, there were notable cross-cultural differences: economic resources significantly predicted work volition, occupational engagement, and future decent work perceptions only in the United States sample and the future decent work perceptions and occupational engagement were negatively associated in the Korean sample. Explanations about the cross-cultural differences and invariances were provided and practical and research implications were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Impact of genomic alterations on lapatinib treatment outcome and cell-free genomic landscape during HER2 therapy in HER2+ gastric cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1037-1048. [PMID: 29409051 PMCID: PMC5913644 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify predictive markers for responders in lapatinib-treated patients and to demonstrate molecular changes during lapatinib treatment via cell-free genomics. Patients and methods We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of combining lapatinib with capecitabine and oxaliplatin as first line neoadjuvant therapy in patients with previously untreated, HER2-overexpressing advanced gastric cancer. A parallel biomarker study was conducted by simultaneously performing immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) with tumor and blood samples. Results Complete response was confirmed in 7/32 patients (21.8%), 2 of whom received radical surgery with pathologic-confirmed complete response. Fifteen partial responses (46.8%) were observed, resulting in a 68.6% overall response rate. NGS of the 16 tumor specimens demonstrated that the most common co-occurring copy number alteration was CCNE1 amplification, which was present in 40% of HER2+ tumors. The relationship between CCNE1 amplification and lack of response to HER2-targeted therapy trended toward statistical significance (66.7% of non-responders versus 22.2% of responders harbored CCNE1 amplification; P = 0.08). Patients with high level ERBB2 amplification by NGS were more likely to respond to therapy, compared with patients with low level ERBB2 amplification (P = 0.02). Analysis of cfDNA showed that detectable ERBB2 copy number amplification in plasma was predictive to the response (100%, response rate) and changes in plasma-detected genomic alterations were associated with lapatinib sensitivity and/or resistance. The follow-up cfDNA genomics at disease progression demonstrated that there are emergences of other genomic aberrations such as MYC, EGFR, FGFR2 and MET amplifications. Conclusions The present study showed that HER2+ GC patients respond differently according to concomitant genomic aberrations beyond ERBB2, high ERBB2 amplification by NGS or cfDNA can be a positive predictor for patient selection, and tumor genomic alterations change significantly during targeted agent therapy.
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Dermatologist-level classification of malignant lip diseases using a deep convolutional neural network. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:1388-1394. [PMID: 31449661 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) can classify skin diseases at a level equivalent to a dermatologist, but their performance in specific areas requires further research. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a trained DCNN-based algorithm in classifying benign and malignant lip diseases. METHODS A training set of 1629 images (743 malignant, 886 benign) was used with Inception-Resnet-V2. Performance was evaluated using another set of 344 images and 281 images from other hospitals. Classifications by 44 participants (six board-certified dermatologists, 12 dermatology residents, nine medical doctors not specialized in dermatology and 17 medical students) were used for comparison. RESULTS The outcomes based on the area under curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0·827 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·782-0·873], 0·755 (95% CI 0·673-0·827) and 0·803 (95% CI 0·752-0·855), respectively, for the set of 344 images; and 0·774 (95% CI 0·699-0·849), 0·702 (95% CI 0·579-0·808) and 0·759 (95% CI 0·701-0·813), respectively, for the set of 281 images. The DCNN was equivalent to the dermatologists and superior to the nondermatologists in classifying malignancy. After referencing the DCNN result, the mean ± SD Youden index increased significantly for nondermatologists, from 0·201 ± 0·156 to 0·322 ± 0·141 (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS DCNNs can classify lip diseases at a level similar to dermatologists. This will help unskilled physicians discriminate between benign and malignant lip diseases. What's already known about this topic? Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) can classify malignant and benign skin diseases at a level equivalent to dermatologists. The lips are a unique feature in terms of histology and morphology. Previous studies of DCNNs have not investigated tumours on specific locations. What does this study add? This study shows that DCNNs can distinguish rare malignant and benign lip disorders at the same rate as dermatologists. DCNNs can help nondermatologists to distinguish malignant lip diseases. What are the clinical implications of this work? DCNNs can distinguish malignant and benign skin diseases even at specific locations such as the lips, as well as board-certified dermatologists. Malignant lip diseases are rare and difficult for less trained doctors to differentiate them from benign lesions. This study shows that in dermatology, DCNN can help improve decision-making processes for rare skin diseases in specific areas of the body.
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P800Proposal of an algorithm for the diagnosis of hypertension by using out-of-office blood pressure measurements. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and purpose
Based on the data of patients who measured office BP (OBP) in controlled condition, home BP (HBP), and 24-hour ambulatory BP (24hABP) for diagnosis of hypertension, we developed and validated a diagnostic algorithm for hypertension.
Methods
Patients who have high BP (≥140/90 mmHg) at the outpatient clinic were referred to measure OBP in controlled condition, HBP and 24hABP. The OBP was measured three times at each visit for 3 days in controlled condition by using a validated oscillometric device. HBP was measured for 7 days in triplicates every morning and evening. The 24hABP was measured on the 8th day. Same study protocol was used for development and validation population.
Results
In the development of algorithm, 319 patients were recruited and data of 256 patients (51.8±9.7 years, 119 men) with valid HBP and 24hABP measurements were analyzed. In the validation of algorithm, 300 patients were recruited and data of 257 patients (52.4±9.8 years, 126 men) with valid HBP and 24hABP measurements were analyzed. In the development population, the prevalence of masked hypertension was 19.5% (n=50) and most of them (n=47, 94%) was in the range of 130–139/80–89 mmHg. The BP in the range of 130–144/80–94 mmHg was defined as the grey zone of OBP, because prevalence of white-coat hypertension was lowered to 1.6% from 4.3% with threshold of 145/95 mmHg. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of OBP was improved to 97.4%, 76.5, 96.5% and 81.3% after excluding the grey zone of OBP (n=125). The diagnostic agreement between 24hABP and HBP in the grey zone of OBP was 64%. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of HBP were 88.8%, 74.7, 93.5% and 61.5% after excluding the grey zone of HBP (130–134/80–84 mmHg, n=28). Based upon these results, we developed a diagnostic algorithm for hypertension by using on out-of-office BP measurements to improved diagnostic accuracy of hypertension (Figure). In the validation population, the developed algorithm showed similar diagnostic accuracy.
Diagnostic algorithm for hypertension
Conclusion
For accurate diagnosis of hypertension, OBP measurement according to guidelines and 24hABP measurement to grey zone of OBP is preferred. To improve diagnostic accuracy of HBP measurement, 24hABP measurement to grey zone of HBP is required.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Part of this study was supported by a grand from Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
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Dynamic predictive model for postoperative nausea and vomiting for intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia. Anaesthesia 2019; 75:218-226. [PMID: 31531854 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative nausea and vomiting is the most common side-effect of opioid-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Apfel's simplified risk score is popular but it has some limitations. We developed and validated a dynamic predictive model for nausea or vomiting up to 48 postoperative hours, available as an online web application. Fentanyl was used by 22,144 adult patients for analgesia after non-cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia: we randomly divided them into development (80%) and validation (20%) cohorts, repeated 100 times. We used linear discriminant analysis to select variables for multivariate logistic regression. The incidences of postoperative nausea or vomiting were: 0-48 h, 5691/22,144 (26%); 0-6 h, 2749/22,144 (12%); 6-12 h, 2687/22,144 (12%); 12-18 h, 2624/22,144 (12%); 18-24 h, 1884/22,144 (9%); and 24-48 h, 1082/22,144 (5%). The median (95%CI) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.72 (0.71-0.73) up to 48 postoperative hours compared with 0.65 (0.64-0.66) for the Apfel model, p < 0.001. The equivalent areas for 0-6 h, 6-12 h, 12-18 h, 18-24 h and 24-48 h were: 0.70 (0.69-0.72); 0.71 (0.69-0.73); 0.69 (0.68-0.71); 0.70 (0.67-0.72); and 0.69 (0.66-0.71), respectively. Our web application allows clinicians to calculate incidences of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving intravenous fentanyl for patient-controlled analgesia.
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Treatment of latent tuberculous infection among health care workers at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:1336-1343. [PMID: 30355414 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acceptance of, adherence to, and outcomes of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) treatment among health care workers (HCWs). DESIGN This was a retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Korea. From May to August 2017, 2190 HCWs simultaneously underwent a tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). LTBI was diagnosed if the TST induration was 10 mm or IGRA results were positive. RESULTS Of 2190 HCWs tested, 1006 (45.9%) were diagnosed with LTBI. Of these, 655 (65.1%) HCWs visited out-patient clinics, 234 (35.7%) of whom were advised treatment by physicians. Among these, 120 (51.3%) accepted the physicians' recommendations. In general, HCWs who were older, male and smoked were less likely to visit out-patient clinics. Sixty (50%) HCWs received 3 months of isoniazid plus rifampicin (3HR) and 57 (47.5%) HCWs received 4 months of rifampicin (4R). The proportion of HCWs with 2 side effects (3HR 20% vs. 4R 7.0%, P = 0.041) and drug stoppage rate (3HR 20% vs. 4R 5.3%, P = 0.017) were higher in the 3HR group than in the 4R group. Of the 120 HCWs, 78 (65%) completed LTBI treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, the acceptance and completion rate for LTBI treatment was not adequate. For effective LTBI management in HCWs, further programmatic strategies are needed.
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Analysis and enhancement of the ethanol resistance of Pichia kudriavzevii N77-4, a strain newly isolated from the Korean traditional fermentation starter Nuruk, for improved fermentation performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1282/1/012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Detection of Local Recurrence in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Voxel-Based Color Maps of Initial and Final Area under the Curve Values Derived from DCE-MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1392-1401. [PMID: 31320461 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early detection of local recurrence is important to increase the chance of cure because local recurrence is the main cause of treatment failure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We evaluated the added value of voxel-based color maps of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging compared with conventional MR imaging alone for detecting local recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 63 consecutive patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after definitive treatment and posttreatment surveillance MR imaging studies that demonstrated focal enhancement at the primary site. Three independent readers assessed conventional MR imaging and a pair of color maps of initial and final 90-second time-signal intensity areas under the curve from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies of both conventional MR imaging alone and combined interpretation of conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging were assessed using the clinicopathologic diagnosis as the criterion standard. κ statistics were used to evaluate interreader agreement. RESULTS There were 28 patients with subsequently documented local recurrence and 35 with posttreatment change. Adding dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to conventional MR imaging significantly increased the diagnostic accuracies for detecting local recurrence (48%-54% versus 87%-91%; P < .05), with excellent interreader agreement (κ = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.67-0.92 to κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93). By all 3 readers, the specificities were also significantly improved by adding dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to conventional MR imaging (22%-43% versus 87%-91%; P < .001) without sacrificing the sensitivities (68%-82% versus 86%-89%; P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Adding voxel-based color maps of initial and final 90-second time-signal intensity areas under the curve from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging to conventional MR imaging increases the diagnostic accuracy to detect local recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by improving the specificity without sacrificing the sensitivity.
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Fuel-Composition Dependent Reactor Antineutrino Yield at RENO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:232501. [PMID: 31298906 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.232501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a fuel-dependent reactor electron antineutrino (ν[over ¯]_{e}) yield using six 2.8 GW_{th} reactors in the Hanbit nuclear power plant complex, Yonggwang, Korea. The analysis uses 850 666 ν[over ¯]_{e} candidate events with a background fraction of 2.0% acquired through inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions in the near detector for 1807.9 live days from August 2011 to February 2018. Based on multiple fuel cycles, we observe a fuel ^{235}U dependent variation of measured IBD yields with a slope of (1.51±0.23)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission and measure a total average IBD yield of (5.84±0.13)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission. The hypothesis of no fuel-dependent IBD yield is ruled out at 6.6σ. The observed IBD yield variation over ^{235}U isotope fraction does not show significant deviation from the Huber-Mueller (HM) prediction at 1.3 σ. The measured fuel-dependent variation determines IBD yields of (6.15±0.19)×10^{-43} and (4.18±0.26)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission for two dominant fuel isotopes ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu, respectively. The measured IBD yield per ^{235}U fission shows the largest deficit relative to the HM prediction. Reevaluation of the ^{235}U IBD yield per fission may mostly solve the reactor antineutrino anomaly (RAA) while ^{239}Pu is not completely ruled out as a possible contributor to the anomaly. We also report a 2.9 σ correlation between the fractional change of the 5 MeV excess and the reactor fuel isotope fraction of ^{235}U.
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What influences use of dental services by the Korean disabled people? The role of perceived barriers in dental care system. COMMUNITY DENTAL HEALTH 2019; 36:101-105. [PMID: 31070873 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_4456young05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the perceived barriers to dental care for disabled people in South Korea using the revised Andersen's model of access to health care. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional analytic interview study. PARTICIPANTS Korean people with a disability residing in residential facilities, or those at home who attend vocational rehabilitation facilities, special schools, or welfare facilities, were sampled from Seoul and non-Seoul areas in 2016 and were interviewed face-to-face. In total, 456 disabled Koreans, or their primary caregivers participated. RESULTS Household income, disability duration and perceived barriers in the dental care system were perceived to impact on dental care utilisation, while the need for dental care services did not significantly explain the use of dental care by disabled people in South Korea. Those with low household incomes were less likely to use dental care services, compared to people with moderate and high household incomes. As disability duration increased, disabled people were more likely to use dental services. Those who perceived the barriers to dental care as higher were less likely to use dental services. CONCLUSION These data suggest that policies are needed to support disabled people with low household incomes. Lowering barriers in the dental care system may encourage people with disabilities to access timely and adequate dental services.
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Structural and molecular modelling studies of antimelanogenic piper-amide TRPM1 antagonists. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 30:195-207. [PMID: 30773912 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1574894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Piper-amides exhibit diverse biological activities, including antimelanogenic effects. In our previous studies, we identified a potent piper-amide derivative that inhibited melanogenesis via the TRPM1 calcium channel. Despite its potential as a therapeutic target, the three-dimensional structure of TRPM1 is still not available. Thus, structure-guided compound design and the discovery of novel inhibitors of melanogenesis have been limited. In the present study, a series of computational methods, including homology modelling, docking, molecular dynamics simulation and field-based pharmacophore modelling, were integrated to explore the structural features of natural piper-amide-like compounds related to the TRPM1 target. These studies suggested the binding mode and provided a 3D pharmacophore model of the ligands, which can be helpful in understanding the TRPM1-ligand interactions at the molecular level and in designing potent antagonists of TRPM1.
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Association between ambient air pollution and pregnancy rate in women who underwent IVF. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1071-1078. [PMID: 29659826 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are the concentrations of five criteria air pollutants associated with probabilities of biochemical pregnancy loss and intrauterine pregnancy in women? SUMMARY ANSWER Increased concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and after embryo transfer were associated with a decreased probability of intrauterine pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Exposure to high ambient air pollution was suggested to be associated with low fertility and high early pregnancy loss in women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Using a retrospective cohort study design, we analysed 6621 cycles of 4581 patients who underwent one or more fresh IVF cycles at a fertility centre from January 2006 to December 2014, and lived in Seoul at the time of IVF treatment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS To estimate patients' individual exposure to air pollution, we computed averages of hourly concentrations of five air pollutants including PM10, NO2, CO, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) measured at 40 regulatory monitoring sites in Seoul for each of the four exposure periods: period 1 (start of COS to oocyte retrieval), period 2 (oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer), period 3 (embryo transfer to hCG test), and period 4 (start of COS to hCG test). Hazard ratios (HRs) from the time-varying Cox-proportional hazards model were used to estimate probabilities of biochemical pregnancy loss and intrauterine pregnancy for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each air pollutant concentration during each period, after adjusting for individual characteristics. We tested the robustness of the result using generalised linear mixed model, accounting for within-woman correlation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mean age of the women was 35 years. Average BMI was 20.9 kg/m2 and the study population underwent 1.4 IVF cycles on average. Cumulative pregnancy rate in multiple IVF cycles was 51.3% per person. Survival analysis showed that air pollution during periods 1 and 3 was generally associated with IVF outcomes. Increased NO2 (adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) and CO (0.94, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.00) during period 1 were associated with decreased probability of intrauterine pregnancy. PM10 (0.92, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), NO2 (0.93, 95% CI = 0.86, 1.00) and CO (0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00) levels during period 3 were also inversely associated with intrauterine pregnancy. Both PM10 (1.17, 95% CI: 1.04 1.33) and NO2 (1.18, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34) during period 3 showed positive associations with biochemical pregnancy loss. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The district-specific ambient air pollution treated as an individual exposure may not represent the actual level of each woman's exposure to air pollution. Smoking, working status, parity or gravidity of women, and semen analysis data were not included in the analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provided evidence of an association between increased ambient concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO and reduced probabilities for achieving intrauterine pregnancy using multiple IVF cycle data. Specifically, our results indicated that lower intrauterine pregnancy rates in IVF cycles may be linked to ambient air pollution during COS and the post-transfer period. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013 R1A6A3A04059017, 2016 R1D1A1B03933410 and 2018 R1A2B6004608) and the National Cancer Center of Korea (NCC-1810220-01). The authors report no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Abstract P4-14-04: Time course changes in serum FSH, estradiol, and menstruation restoration in premenopausal patients with breast cancer taking adjuvant tamoxifen after completing chemotherapy: A report from the ASTRRA study. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-14-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Assessment of restoration of ovarian function after chemotherapy is critical with respect to the initiation of different types of endocrine treatment in young high risk breast cancer patients
METHODS
In total, 1289 women who remained premenopausal or resumed premenopausal status after chemotherapy were randomized to receive 5 years of tamoxifen or 5 years of tamoxifen plus 2 years of ovarian suppression. The patients who did not resume menstruation were followed up for 2 years with tamoxifen treatment after finishing chemotherapy. Prospectively collected consecutive post-chemotherapy hormone and menstruation data were available for 705 breast cancer patients who enrolled tamoxifen-only treatment group or did not resume menstruation during follow up. This analysis evaluated the proportion of patients with pre-menopausal FSH levels (<30 mIU/ml), E2 levels (340 pg/ml), and menstruation at any time point during treatment with tamoxifen.
RESULTS
During 5 years of tamoxifen treatment after chemotherapy for premenopausal breast cancer patients, 62% of patients resumed menstruation. Menstruation returned in 92% of patients under 35 years old but only in 31% of patients over 45 years old. Ovarian function, defined by serum FSH and E2 levels, resumed in 94% and 65% of patients, respectively, over 5 years. Most patients achieved ovarian function restoration during the first 2 years after chemotherapy, with 47.1% resuming menstruation and 86.2% and 50.3% achieving pre-menopausal FSH and E2 levels, respectively, in the first 2 years. Clinical factors related to menstruation restoration were younger age (HR = 6.38, 95% CI 1.33-3.47), 6 month hormone profile after chemotherapy (FSH<30: HR=1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.17; E2 >40: HR=2.96, 95% CI 2.25-3.89), and anthracycline without taxane chemotherapy (HR=1.63, 95% CI 1.25-2.13).
CONCLUSIONS
During 5 years of tamoxifen treatment after chemotherapy, half of patients experienced menstruation restoration, including most very young patients under 35 years. The majority of patients experienced menstruation restoration in the first 2 years of tamoxifen treatment.
Citation Format: Kim HJ, Noh WC, Nam SJ, Park B-w, Lee ES, Im SA, Jung YS, Yoon JH, Kang SS, Park KH, Lee S-J, Jung J, Lee MH, Cho SH, Kim SY, Kim H-A, Han S-H, Han W, Hur MH, Ahn SH. Time course changes in serum FSH, estradiol, and menstruation restoration in premenopausal patients with breast cancer taking adjuvant tamoxifen after completing chemotherapy: A report from the ASTRRA study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-04.
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Acquisition of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Solid Organ Transplantation Recipients. Transplant Proc 2019; 50:3748-3755. [PMID: 30577266 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) can lead to life-threatening outcomes with rapid spread of the carbapenemase gene in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients because of limitations of available antibiotics. We examined the characteristics and importance of CPE acquisition in SOT recipients with large numbers of CPE isolates. METHODS Between November 2015 and October 2016, 584 CPE isolates were found in 37 recipients and verified by carbapenemase gene multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred recipients with at least 2 negative results in carbapenemase PCR for stool surveillance and no CPE isolates in clinical samples were retrospectively included. RESULTS Most CPE isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (546, 93.5%). The most frequent transplantation organ was lung (43.3%), and the most common sample with CPE isolates other than stool was respiratory tract (22.6%). The median time between SOT and first CPE acquisition was 7 days. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in recipients with CPE than in those without CPE (24.3% vs 10.0%; P = .03). In multivariate regression analysis, stool colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and/or Clostridium difficile during 30 days before SOT (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; 95% CI, 1.24-8.68; P = .02), lung transplantation (OR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.19-17.03; P = .03), and intensive care unit stay ≥2 weeks (OR, 6.21; 95% CI, 1.72-22.45; P = .005) were associated with acquisition of CPE. CONCLUSIONS Early posttransplantation CPE acquisition may affect the clinical outcome of SOT recipients. Careful screening for CPE during the early posttransplantation period would be meaningful in recipients with risk factors.
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Devising negative pressure within intercuff space reduces microaspiration. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:181. [PMID: 30509183 PMCID: PMC6278018 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microaspiration past the tracheal tube cuffs causes ventilator-associated pneumonia. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether creating negative pressure between the tracheal double cuffs could block the fluid passage past the tracheal tube cuffs. Methods A new negative pressure system was devised between the double cuffs through a suction hole in the intercuff space. Blue-dyed water was instilled above the cuff at negative suction pressures of − 54, − 68, − 82, − 95, − 109, − 122, and − 136 cmH2O, and the volume leaked was measured in an underlying water trap after 10 min. Leakage tests were also performed during positive pressure ventilation, and using higher-viscosity materials. The actual negative pressures delivered at the hole of double cuffs were obtained by placing microcatheter tip between the intercuff space and the artificial trachea. Results No leakage occurred past the double cuff at − 136 cmH2O suction pressure at all tracheal tube cuff pressures. The volume leaked decreased significantly as suction pressure increased. When connected to a mechanical ventilator, no leakage was found at − 54 cmH2suction pressure. Volume of the higher-viscosity materials (dynamic viscosity of 63–108 cP <cP> and 370–430 cP) leaked was small compared to that of normal saline (0.9–1.1 cP). The pressures measured in the intercuff space corresponded to 3.8–5.9% of those applied. Conclusions A new prototype double cuff with negative pressure in the intercuff space completely prevented water leakage. The negative pressure transmitted to the tracheal inner wall was a small percentage of that applied.
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Measurement of Reactor Antineutrino Oscillation Amplitude and Frequency at RENO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:201801. [PMID: 30500262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The RENO experiment reports more precisely measured values of θ_{13} and |Δm_{ee}^{2}| using ∼2200 live days of data. The amplitude and frequency of reactor electron antineutrino (ν[over ¯]_{e}) oscillation are measured by comparing the prompt signal spectra obtained from two identical near and far detectors. In the period between August 2011 and February 2018, the far (near) detector observed 103 212 (850 666) ν[over ¯]_{e} candidate events with a background fraction of 4.8% (2.0%). A clear energy and baseline dependent disappearance of reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} is observed in the deficit of the measured number of ν[over ¯]_{e}. Based on the measured far-to-near ratio of prompt spectra, we obtain sin^{2}2θ_{13}=0.0896±0.0048(stat)±0.0047(syst) and |Δm_{ee}^{2}|=[2.68±0.12(stat)±0.07(syst)]×10^{-3} eV^{2}.
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Extracellular vesicles, exosomes and shedding vesicles in regenerative medicine - a new paradigm for tissue repair. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:60-78. [PMID: 29184934 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration by stem cells is driven by the paracrine activity of shedding vesicles and exosomes, which deliver specific cargoes to the recipient cells. Proteins, RNA, cytokines and subsequent gene expression, orchestrate the regeneration process by improving the microenvironment to promote cell survival, controlling inflammation, repairing injury and enhancing the healing process. The action of microRNA is widely accepted as an essential driver of the regenerative process through its impact on multiple downstream biological pathways, and its ability to regulate the host immune response. Here, we present an overview of the recent potential uses of exosomes for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We also highlight the differences in composition between shedding vesicles and exosomes that depend on the various types of stem cells from which they are derived. The conditions that affect the production of exosomes in different cell types are deliberated. This review also presents the current status of candidate exosomal microRNAs for potential therapeutic use in regenerative medicine, and in applications involving widely studied organs and tissues such as heart, lung, cartilage and bone.
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