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Holm-Hansen S, Low JK, Zieba J, Gjedde A, Bergersen LH, Karl T. Behavioural effects of high fat diet in a mutant mouse model for the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 15:295-304. [PMID: 26707035 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients are often obese or overweight and poor dietary choices appear to be a factor in this phenomenon. Poor diet has been found to have complex consequences for the mental state of patients. Thus, this study investigated whether an unhealthy diet [i.e. high fat diet (HFD)] impacts on the behaviour of a genetic mouse model for the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1 (i.e. transmembrane domain Nrg1 mutant mice: Nrg1 HET). Female Nrg1 HET and wild-type-like littermates (WT) were fed with either HFD or a control chow diet. The mice were tested for baseline (e.g. anxiety) and schizophrenia-relevant behaviours after 7 weeks of diet exposure. HFD increased body weight and impaired glucose tolerance in all mice. Only Nrg1 females on HFD displayed a hyper-locomotive phenotype as locomotion-suppressive effects of HFD were only evident in WT mice. HFD also induced an anxiety-like response and increased freezing in the context and the cued version of the fear conditioning task. Importantly, CHOW-fed Nrg1 females displayed impaired social recognition memory, which was absent in HFD-fed mutants. Sensorimotor gating deficits of Nrg1 females were not affected by diet. In summary, HFD had complex effects on the behavioural phenotype of test mice and attenuated particular cognitive deficits of Nrg1 mutant females. This topic requires further investigations thereby also considering other dietary factors of relevance for schizophrenia as well as interactive effects of diet with medication and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holm-Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J K Low
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, Australia
| | - J Zieba
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, Australia
| | - A Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Bergersen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Karl
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Morland C, Lauritzen KH, Puchades M, Holm-Hansen S, Andersson K, Gjedde A, Attramadal H, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH. The lactate receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 81/hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1: Expression and action in brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Morland
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Oral Biology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Knut Husø Lauritzen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Maja Puchades
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Signe Holm-Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Krister Andersson
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Linda Hildegard Bergersen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Lauritzen KH, Morland C, Puchades M, Holm-Hansen S, Hagelin EM, Lauritzen F, Attramadal H, Storm-Mathisen J, Gjedde A, Bergersen LH. Lactate receptor sites link neurotransmission, neurovascular coupling, and brain energy metabolism. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2784-95. [PMID: 23696276 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled lactate receptor, GPR81 (HCA1), is known to promote lipid storage in adipocytes by downregulating cAMP levels. Here, we show that GPR81 is also present in the mammalian brain, including regions of the cerebral neocortex and hippocampus, where it can be activated by physiological concentrations of lactate and by the specific GPR81 agonist 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate to reduce cAMP. Cerebral GPR81 is concentrated on the synaptic membranes of excitatory synapses, with a postsynaptic predominance. GPR81 is also enriched at the blood-brain-barrier: the GPR81 densities at endothelial cell membranes are about twice the GPR81 density at membranes of perivascular astrocytic processes, but about one-seventh of that on synaptic membranes. There is only a slight signal in perisynaptic processes of astrocytes. In synaptic spines, as well as in adipocytes, GPR81 immunoreactivity is located on subplasmalemmal vesicular organelles, suggesting trafficking of the protein to and from the plasma membrane. The results indicate roles of lactate in brain signaling, including a neuronal glucose and glycogen saving response to the supply of lactate. We propose that lactate, through activation of GPR81 receptors, can act as a volume transmitter that links neuronal activity, cerebral energy metabolism and energy substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut H Lauritzen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Morland
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Glio- and Neurotransmitter Group, Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Anatomy and Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience/SERTA Healthy Brain Aging, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja Puchades
- Glio- and Neurotransmitter Group, Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Anatomy and Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience/SERTA Healthy Brain Aging, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Signe Holm-Hansen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Fredrik Lauritzen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Center for Heart Failure Research
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Glio- and Neurotransmitter Group, Synaptic Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Anatomy and Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience/SERTA Healthy Brain Aging, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Norway
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Ziebell M, Holm-Hansen S, Thomsen G, Wagner A, Jensen P, Pinborg LH, Knudsen GM. Serotonin transporters in dopamine transporter imaging: a head-to-head comparison of dopamine transporter SPECT radioligands 123I-FP-CIT and 123I-PE2I. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:1885-91. [PMID: 21078806 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.078337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Current SPECT radioligands available for in vivo imaging of the dopamine transporter (DAT) also show affinity for monoamine transporters other than DAT, especially the serotonin transporter (SERT). The effect of this lack of selectivity for in vivo imaging is unknown. In this study, we compared the SPECT radioligands (123)I-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) and (123)I-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-methylphenyl) nortropane ((123)I-PE2I), which has a 10-fold higher selectivity than (123)I-FP-CIT for DAT versus SERT [corrected]. METHODS Sixteen healthy individuals were scanned in random order with both radioligands. The radioligands were administered according to standard recommendations: (123)I-FP-CIT was given as a bolus injection, and the ratio between the striatum and reference tissue was measured after 3 h. (123)I-PE2I was administered in a bolus-infusion setup, and the nondisplaceable binding potential (BP(ND)) was measured after 2 h. To assess the contribution of SERT to the overall SPECT signal, SERT was blocked by intravenous citalopram in 6 of the individuals. RESULTS The striatum-to-reference ratio - 1 of (123)I-FP-CIT was on average 18% higher than the striatal BP(ND) of (123)I-PE2I. Equal doses of radioactivity resulted in 3 times higher counting rates for (123)I-FP-CIT than for (123)I-PE2I, both in target and in reference brain regions. Citalopram infusion led to significant reductions in both striatal (22.8% ± 20.4%, P < 0.05) and thalamic (63.0% ± 47.9%, P < 0.05) (123)I-FP-CIT binding ratios, whereas BP(ND) of (123)I-PE2I was unaltered. Likewise, blocking of SERT led to increased (21% ± 30.1%, P < 0.001) plasma (123)I-FP-CIT, probably as a result of significant blocking of peripheral SERT binding sites. By contrast, plasma (123)I-PE2I remained stable. CONCLUSION (123)I-FP-CIT and (123)I-PE2I had approximately the same target-to-background ratios, but per injected megabecquerel, (123)I-FP-CIT gave rise to 3-fold higher cerebral counting rates. We found that (123)I-FP-CIT, but not (123)I-PE2I, brain images have a highly interindividual but significant signal contribution from SERT. Whether the SERT signal contribution is of clinical importance needs to be established in future patient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Ziebell
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Cimbi, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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