1
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Regnery J, Rohner S, Bachtin J, Möhlenkamp C, Zinke O, Jacob S, Wohlsein P, Siebert U, Reifferscheid G, Friesen A. First evidence of widespread anticoagulant rodenticide exposure of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Germany. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167938. [PMID: 37866608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of wildlife to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) has been extensively documented for species directly or indirectly linked to pest rodents via the terrestrial food web. Recently, the scientific focus extended to a former blind spot, namely AR emissions to the aquatic environment, and provided clear evidence of AR residues in freshwater fish. As second-generation ARs are likely to be transferred along the aquatic food chain, a total of 122 Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) individuals found dead in Germany between 2005 and 2021 were investigated to shed more light on resultant environmental risks. Target analytes comprised one pharmaceutical and eight biocidal anticoagulants, as well as one suspected bait impurity. Notably, all target compounds were detected in the analyzed livers of otters, a primarily piscivorous top predator and indicator species for the aquatic environment, strictly protected by conservation laws. In regions with pronounced rodent control measures, otters were frequently exposed to biocidal ARs. The elevated AR levels measured in multiple otters, compared to freshwater fish, hinted at biomagnification of second-generation ARs within the aquatic food web. The results indicated that risk mitigation measures implemented in Germany within the biocidal product authorization may not be sufficient to protect aquatic non-target wildlife from AR exposure, challenging the effectiveness of current regulatory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Regnery
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Simon Rohner
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Julia Bachtin
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christel Möhlenkamp
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Olaf Zinke
- Museum of the Westlausitz Kamenz, Department of Zoology, 01917 Kamenz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jacob
- German Environment Agency, Section IV 1.2 Biocides, 06844 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Department of Pathology, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Anton Friesen
- German Environment Agency, Section IV 1.2 Biocides, 06844 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
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2
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Rohner S, Boyi JO, Artemeva V, Zinke O, Kiendl A, Siebert U, Lehnert K. Back from Exile? First Records of Chewing Lice ( Lutridia exilis; Ischnocera; Mallophaga) in Growing Eurasian Otter ( Lutra lutra) Populations from Northern Germany. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040587. [PMID: 37111473 PMCID: PMC10143350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod ectoparasites of aquatic wildlife often have complex relationships with their host species that have developed over long evolutionary time scales. Specialist parasite occurrence might depend on these hosts' distributions. Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) populations are recovering in Northern German federal states, such as Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony. Chewing lice (Lutridia exilis; Ischnocera; Mallophaga) are considered otter-specific yet rare parasites in their known range. In 2022, they were recorded for the first time on nine otters found dead in Northern Germany. All otters originated from the years 2021-2022 and were dissected during population health monitoring programs in 2022. Females (n = 6) were 0-5.5 years old and showed signs of disease in five cases. Males (n = 3), in contrast, were 0-1.6 years old and showed disease in a single case. Individual lice intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 75 specimens per otter. No direct adverse health effects of chewing lice on the otters were noted. Lutridia exilis morphological characteristics were documented and measurements were taken to study specialized adaptations that allow lice to attach to semi-aquatic otters. In addition, morphology was compared between lice from different geographical regions and specimens from previous reports. A region of the COI mDNA was amplified to molecularly characterize L. exilis for the first time and detect genetic differences between otter lice populations in Germany. It is believed that specialist parasites reduce in numbers even before their host populations decline. Recovering otter populations in Northern Germany could be an example of a reverse effect, where the comeback of a host species results in the return of a specialist parasite, which reflects an ultimate boost in overall species biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761 Buesum, Germany
| | - Joy Ometere Boyi
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761 Buesum, Germany
| | - Valentina Artemeva
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761 Buesum, Germany
| | - Olaf Zinke
- Museum der Westlausitz Kamenz, 01717 Kamenz, Germany
| | - Astrid Kiendl
- Aktion Fischotterschutz e.V., Otterzentrum Hankensbüttel, 29386 Hankensbüttel, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761 Buesum, Germany
| | - Kristina Lehnert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Werftstrasse 6, 25761 Buesum, Germany
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3
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Rohner S, Gramer M, Wiesweg I, Scherf-Clavel O, Wohlsein P, Schmelz M, Siebert U, Richter F, Gernert M. Present in the Aquatic Environment, Unclear Evidence in Top Predators-The Unknown Effects of Anti-Seizure Medication on Eurasian Otters ( Lutra lutra) from Northern Germany. Toxics 2023; 11:338. [PMID: 37112566 PMCID: PMC10142713 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are produced globally at high rates and often ultimately find their way into the aquatic environment. These include substances contained in anti-seizure medication (ASM), which are currently appearing in surface waters at increasing concentrations in Germany. Unintentional and sublethal, chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals such as ASMs has unknown consequences for aquatic wildlife. Adverse effects of ASMs on the brain development are documented in mammals. Top predators such as Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) are susceptible to the bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants. Still little is known about the health status of the otter population in Germany, while the detection of various pollutants in otter tissue samples has highlighted their role as an indicator species. To investigate potential contamination with pharmaceuticals, Eurasian otter brain samples were screened for selected ASMs via high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Via histology, brain sections were analyzed for the presence of potential associated neuropathological changes. In addition to 20 wild otters that were found dead, a control group of 5 deceased otters in human care was studied. Even though none of the targeted ASMs were detected in the otters, unidentified substances in many otter brains were measured. No obvious pathology was observed histologically, although the sample quality limited the investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Gramer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivo Wiesweg
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Aktion Fischotterschutz e.V, Otter-Zentrum Hankensbüttel, 29386 Hankensbüttel, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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4
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Gkotsis G, Nika MC, Nikolopoulou V, Alygizakis N, Bizani E, Aalizadeh R, Badry A, Chadwick E, Cincinelli A, Claßen D, Danielsson S, Dekker R, Duke G, Drost W, Glowacka N, Göckener B, Jansman HAH, Juergens M, Knopf B, Koschorreck J, Krone O, Martellini T, Movalli P, Persson S, Potter ED, Rohner S, Roos A, O' Rourke E, Siebert U, Treu G, van den Brink NW, Walker LA, Williams R, Slobodnik J, Thomaidis NS. Assessment of contaminants of emerging concern in European apex predators and their prey by LC-QToF MS wide-scope target analysis. Environ Int 2022; 170:107623. [PMID: 36379200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Apex predators are good indicators of environmental pollution since they are relatively long-lived and their high trophic position and spatiotemporal exposure to chemicals provides insights into the persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) properties of chemicals. Although monitoring data from apex predators can considerably support chemicals' management, there is a lack of pan-European studies, and longer-term monitoring of chemicals in organisms from higher trophic levels. The present study investigated the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in 67 freshwater, marine and terrestrial apex predators and in freshwater and marine prey, gathered from four European countries. Generic sample preparation protocols for the extraction of CECs with a broad range of physicochemical properties and the purification of the extracts were used. The analysis was performed utilizing liquid (LC) chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), while the acquired chromatograms were screened for the presence of more than 2,200 CECs through wide-scope target analysis. In total, 145 CECs were determined in the apex predator and their prey samples belonging in different categories, such as pharmaceuticals, plant protection products, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, their metabolites and transformation products. Higher concentration levels were measured in predators compared to prey, suggesting that biomagnification of chemicals through the food chain occurs. The compounds were prioritized for further regulatory risk assessment based on their frequency of detection and their concentration levels. The majority of the prioritized CECs were lipophilic, although the presence of more polar contaminants should not be neglected. This indicates that holistic analytical approaches are required to fully characterize the chemical universe of biota samples. Therefore, the present survey is an attempt to systematically investigate the presence of thousands of chemicals at a European level, aiming to use these data for better chemicals management and contribute to EU Zero Pollution Ambition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Gkotsis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Varvara Nikolopoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; Environmental Institute, s.r.o., Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Erasmia Bizani
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Badry
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Pl. 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Chadwick
- Cardiff University, Biomedical Science Building, Museum Avenue, Postal Code: CF10 3AX Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Daniela Claßen
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Pl. 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Sara Danielsson
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René Dekker
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Guy Duke
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, 3 S Parks Rd, OX1 3QY Oxford, United Kingdom; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Drost
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Pl. 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Natalia Glowacka
- Environmental Institute, s.r.o., Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Bernd Göckener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Hugh A H Jansman
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Environmental Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3-3 A, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Juergens
- Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Ave, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Pl. 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Oliver Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Martellini
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Paola Movalli
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sara Persson
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elaine D Potter
- Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Ave, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rohner
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Roos
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily O' Rourke
- Cardiff University, Biomedical Science Building, Museum Avenue, Postal Code: CF10 3AX Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Siebert
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriele Treu
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Pl. 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Nico W van den Brink
- Wageningen University & Research, Division of Toxicology, Stippeneng 4, 6700EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lee A Walker
- Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Ave, Bailrigg, LA1 4AP Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Williams
- Zoological Society of London, Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, NW1 4RY London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav Slobodnik
- Environmental Institute, s.r.o., Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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5
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Boyi JO, Heße E, Rohner S, Säurich J, Siebert U, Gilles A, Lehnert K. Deciphering Eurasian otter (
Lutra lutra
L.) and seal (
Phoca vitulina
L.;
Halichoerus grypus
F.) diet: metabarcoding tailored for fresh and saltwater fish species. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5089-5106. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.16635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ometere Boyi
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Büsum Germany
| | - Eileen Heße
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Büsum Germany
| | - Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Büsum Germany
| | - Josefin Säurich
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Hannover Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Büsum Germany
| | - Anita Gilles
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Büsum Germany
| | - Kristina Lehnert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Büsum Germany
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6
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Postel A, King J, Kaiser FK, Kennedy J, Lombardo MS, Reineking W, Roi MDL, Harder T, Pohlmann A, Gerlach T, Rimmelzwaan G, Rohner S, Striewe LC, Gross S, Schick LA, Klink JC, Kramer K, Osterhaus ADME, Beer M, Baumgärtner W, Siebert U, Becher P. Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N8 in harbor seals at the German North Sea coast, 2021. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:725-729. [PMID: 35172704 PMCID: PMC8890524 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2043726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In brain tissue of three harbor seals of the German North Sea coast, high virus loads of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 were detected. Identification of different virus variants indicates high exposure to HPAIV circulating in wild birds, but there is no evidence for H5 specific antibodies in healthy seals. Replication of avian viruses in seals may allow HPAIV to acquire mutations needed to adapt to mammalian hosts as shown by PB2 627K variants detected in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Postel
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Franziska K Kaiser
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna Kennedy
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Wencke Reineking
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine de le Roi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerlach
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lotte Caecilia Striewe
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Gross
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca A Schick
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana C Klink
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Siebert U, Stürznickel J, Schaffeld T, Oheim R, Rolvien T, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Wohlsein P, Lakemeyer J, Rohner S, Aroha Schick L, Gross S, Nachtsheim D, Ewers C, Becher P, Amling M, Morell M. Blast injury on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Baltic Sea after explosions of deposits of World War II ammunition. Environ Int 2022; 159:107014. [PMID: 34883460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Harbour porpoises are under pressure from increasing human activities. This includes the detonation of ammunition that was dumped in large amounts into the sea during and after World War II. In this context, forty-two British ground mines from World War II were cleared by means of blasting in the period from 28 to 31 August 2019 by a NATO unit in the German Exclusive Economic Zone within the marine protected area of Fehmarn Belt in the Baltic Sea, Germany. Between September and November 2019, 24 harbour porpoises were found dead in the period after those clearing events along the coastline of the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein and were investigated for direct and indirect effects of blast injury. Health evaluations were conducted including examinations of the brain, the air-filled (lungs and gastrointestinal tract) and acoustic organs (melon, acoustic fat in the lower jaw, ears and their surrounding tissues). The bone structure of the tympano-periotic complexes was examined using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). In 8/24 harbour porpoises, microfractures of the malleus, dislocation of middle ear bones, bleeding, and haemorrhages in the melon, lower jaw and peribullar acoustic fat were detected, suggesting blast injury. In addition, one bycaught animal and another porpoise with signs of blunt force trauma also showed evidence of blast injury. The cause of death of the other 14 animals varied and remained unclear in two individuals. Due to the vulnerability and the conservation status of harbour porpoise populations in the Baltic Sea, noise mitigation measures must be improved to prevent any risk of injury. The data presented here highlight the importance of systematic investigations into the acute and chronic effects of blast and acoustic trauma in harbour porpoises, improving the understanding of underwater noise effects and herewith develop effective measures to protect the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
| | - Julian Stürznickel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaffeld
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 85-87, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Lakemeyer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Luca Aroha Schick
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Gross
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Dominik Nachtsheim
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 85-87, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 59, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
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8
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Rohner S, Wohlsein P, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Ewers C, Waindok P, Strube C, Baechlein C, Becher P, Wilmes D, Rickerts V, Siebert U. Pathological Findings in Eurasian Otters ( Lutra lutra) Found Dead between 2015-2020 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:59. [PMID: 35011165 PMCID: PMC8749874 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In times of massive biodiversity loss and ongoing environmental crises, it is extremely important to ensure long-term conservation efforts of threatened species like Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). To gain insights into the status of Northern Germany's otter population, 92 otters found dead in Schleswig-Holstein between 2015-2020 were collected and underwent detailed dissection with the aim to establish a monitoring program for this population. Examinations followed a protocol especially designed for otters, including various biological data assessments and extended sampling. The finding sites showed a clear concentration in the Continental region. Seasonal concentration differed among the years, yet peaks were seen from fall to winter. Overall, more males than females were found, although this differed among the years. The majority of otters that could be aged were between 1-3 years. Placental scars and pregnancy were recorded in only few females. Nutritional status was good in most cases. Infectious diseases found included Vagococcus lutrae, Toxoplasma gondii, and Emmonsia spp. A major cause of death was roadkill. Known sample bias in studies focusing on roadkill was considered in the finding interpretation. Continuation of the population health investigations is mandatory to analyze potential trends and to establish an actual monitoring program for Eurasian otters in Schleswig-Holstein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (E.P.-B.); (C.E.)
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (E.P.-B.); (C.E.)
| | - Patrick Waindok
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Christina Strube
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Christine Baechlein
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (P.B.)
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (C.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Dunja Wilmes
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (V.R.)
| | - Volker Rickerts
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.W.); (V.R.)
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
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von Wolff M, Kohl Schwartz A, Stute P, Fäh M, Otti G, Schürch R, Rohner S. Follicular flushing in natural cycle IVF does not affect the luteal phase - a prospective controlled study. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35:37-41. [PMID: 28483339 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to multifollicular IVF, follicular flushing seems to increase the efficacy of monofollicular IVF treatments such as natural cycle IVF (NC-IVF). However, because follicular flushing causes loss of granulosa cells, it might negatively affect luteal phase length and endocrine function of the luteal body. A prospective cohort Phase II study was performed in 24 women undergoing NC-IVF. Women underwent a reference cycle with human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced ovulation without follicle aspiration and analysis of the length of the luteal phase and luteal concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol. In addition, they underwent a NC-IVF cycle which was performed identically but follicles were aspirated and flushed three times. The luteal phase was shorter in 29.2%, equal in 16.7% and longer in 50.0% of cases following flushing of the follicles. Overall, neither difference in luteal phase length was significant [median duration (interquartile range) in reference cycle: 13 (12; 14.5), IVF (flushing) cycle: 14 (12.5; 14.5), median difference (95% CI): 0.5 (-0.5 to 1.5)] nor median progesterone and oestradiol concentrations. In conclusion, follicular flushing in NC-IVF affects neither the length of the luteal phase nor the luteal phase concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol, questioning the need for luteal phase supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M von Wolff
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - A Kohl Schwartz
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Berne, Switzerland
| | - P Stute
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Fäh
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Berne, Switzerland
| | - G Otti
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Berne, Switzerland
| | - R Schürch
- CTU Berne, Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - S Rohner
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Berne, Switzerland
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10
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Rohner S, Fäh M, Otti G, Kohl Schwartz A, Stute P, Schürch R, Wolff MV. Follikelspülungen bei Natural Cycle-IVF-Behandlungen verkürzen weder die Lutealphasenlänge noch die luteale Hormonsekretion – eine prospektiv kontrollierte Studie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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11
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Wolff MV, Rohner S, Kohl Schwartz A, Otti G, Fäh M. Basierend auf der Schwangerschaftsrate pro Transfer ist die Natural Cycle-IVF am besten geeignet für Paare mit einem hochgradigen andrologischen Sterilitätsfaktor. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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12
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Müller M, Henle A, Rohner S, Kind A, Droz SC, Surbek D. Intrapartaler Gruppe B-Streptokokkennachweis mittels PCR-Schnelltest: Labor versus Gebärsaal. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1293477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Rohner S, Bolle JF, Reverdin N, Tuchschmid Y. [Radical prostatectomy: open or "minimally invasive"? Our experience with open surgery and related comments]. Rev Med Suisse 2005; 1:2748-54. [PMID: 16366451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy remains the gold standard for treatment of localised prostate cancer. Standardisation of the open retro-pubic anatomic prostatectomy by P Walsh allows skilled but not expert surgeons to achieve a high standard of performance. Learning curve is short with this technic, with minor morbidity. Rates of incontinence are low and impotency is now rather uncommon in the younger patient while oncological control is optimal for histologicaly organ confined cancer. "Mini invasive technics", laparoscopy and robot-assisted laparoscopy, have a longer learning curve, including a higher rate of complications that are unusual with open surgery. Operating time remains longer, costs are superior to the open technic and oncological control is not yet clearly validated while rates of classical late complications are not lower. Consequently, most urologist still prefer the open approach
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14
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Roth AD, Berney CR, Rohner S, Allal AS, Morel P, Marti MC, Aapro MS, Alberto P. Intra-arterial chemotherapy in locally advanced or recurrent carcinomas of the penis and anal canal: an active treatment modality with curative potential. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:1637-42. [PMID: 11104558 PMCID: PMC2363463 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of locally advanced or recurrent carcinomas of the penis (PE) and of the anal canal (AC) after conventional treatment is dismal. We report 16 patients (eight with AC carcinomas and eight with PE cancers) treated by intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy. Fifteen of them were treated for locally advanced or recurrent disease and one in an adjuvant setting. The chemotherapy was administered via a femoral IA catheter with its tip located above the aortic bifurcation, under the inferior mesenteric artery. It consisted of eight push injections, given over a 48-h period, of the following drug combination: cisplatin 8.5 mg m(-2), 5-FU 275 mg m(-2), methotrexate 27.5 mg m(-2), mitomycin C 1.2 mg m(-2), and bleomycin 4 mg m(-2). Leucovorin was given po, 4 x 15 mg day(-1), during the chemotherapy and for 3 days thereafter. A total of 52 cycles of treatment were administered. Of the 15 patients evaluable for response, six obtained a CR (three PE, three AC) and eight a PR. Among the complete responders, four are alive and disease-free 2-15 years after treatment. The other patients enjoyed an objective response lasting 3-25 months (median 7 months). Four patients developed grade III/IV haematological toxicity with three episodes of febrile neutropenia, one of them with a fatal outcome due to patient's failure to obtain medical attention at the onset of his fever, one a grade III mucositis of the glans, and four a grade III/IV cutaneous toxicity, the latter caused by the IA administration of bleomycin. In conclusion, IA chemotherapy is effective and potentially curative in locoregionally advanced or recurrent carcinomas of the penis and of the anus. Its contribution in the primary management of advanced penile or anal carcinoma should be prospectively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Roth
- Oncosurgery, Geneva University Hospital, 24 Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
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15
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Mastrangelo D, Wisard M, Rohner S, Leisinger H, Iselin CE. Diclofenac and NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, decrease agonist-induced contractions of the pig isolated ureter. Urol Res 2000; 28:376-82. [PMID: 11221916 DOI: 10.1007/s002400000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently considered a first-line treatment of renal colic. Their action has been ascribed to the inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis, which decreases renal blood flow and diuresis, and consequently lowers the pressure in the renal pelvis and ureter. However, the effects of NSAIDs on induced contractions of ureteral smooth muscle have received little attention. Also, there is a lack of clinically relevant spasmolytic drugs for the ureter. Therefore, we studied the influence of the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor diclofenac, a NSAID drug customarily used in the treatment of renal colic, and of NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on induced contractions of the pig ureter. Serotonin (0.1-30 microM), norepinephrine (0.1-30 microM) and neurokinin A (0.03-10 microM) induced reproducible concentration-dependent contractions, which were inhibited by diclofenac and NS-398 (10-300 microM) in a concentration-dependent manner. The sensitivity of neurokinin A-induced contractions to diclofenac was 3-4 times greater than that of the amines. Depending on the concentration, inhibition ranged between 25 and 96% of the initially induced contractile activity. In the presence of inhibitors, supramaximal concentrations of agonists were unable to trigger recuperation of the initially induced contractions. Prostaglandin F2alpha did not reverse the effect of diclofenac on agonist-induced contractions. Removal of diclofenac or NS-398 from the organ baths showed that the inhibition was totally reversible. Thus, the non-selective COX inhibitor diclofenac and the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 are almost equipotent in reducing agonist-induced contractions in the isolated porcine ureter. Although the clinical relevance of this spasmolytic effect remains to be demonstrated, the data suggest that patients suffering from renal colic may benefit not only from the anti-diuretic and analgesic effects of diclofenac, but also from its potential spasmolytic properties. Moreover, selective COX-2 inhibitors may have clinical potential, as they may cause fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mastrangelo
- Clinique d'Urologie, Division d'Investigations Chirurgicales, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.
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16
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Schmidlin FR, Iselin CE, Naimi A, Rohner S, Borst F, Farshad M, Niederer P, Graber P. The higher injury risk of abnormal kidneys in blunt renal trauma. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1998; 32:388-92. [PMID: 9925001 DOI: 10.1080/003655998750015151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the vulnerability of abnormal kidneys in blunt trauma, and to determine clinical features which enable identification of patients at risk of renal abnormality, hence modifying their management. MATERIAL AND METHODS The medical records of 120 patients with blunt renal trauma were reviewed. Presence of pre-existing renal abnormalities, clinical symptoms, contrast study findings, associated injuries and the estimated impact velocity were recorded. RESULTS Pre-existing renal abnormalities were found in 23 patients (19%). Patients with renal abnormalities had a lower rate of associated trauma to other abdominal organs, a lower Injury Severity Score (ISS) and their kidneys were more frequently injured by low velocity impacts. Of the patients with normal kidneys requiring surgery, hemodynamics and/or severity of the renal lesions triggered the operative indications in all cases, whereas most (57%) of the abnormal kidneys were operated because of their underlying renal pathology. CONCLUSION Patients at risk for harbouring renal pathology are characterized by the association of monotrauma, macroscopic hematuria and low impact velocity. In this clinical setting, contrast studies should be generously indicated, since the management of abnormal kidneys unmasked by trauma is, to a large extent, dependent on the type of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Schmidlin
- Urology Clinic, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Procopiou M, Genné D, Abbet P, Defabiani N, Rohner S, Auckenthaler R. Acute prostatitis with prostatic abscess caused by group B Streptococcus. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27:403-4. [PMID: 9709900 DOI: 10.1086/517703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Procopiou
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Iselin C, Schmidlin F, Borst F, Rohner S, Graber P. Oxybutynin in the Treatment of Early Detrusor Instability After Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. J Urol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.E. Iselin
- Department of Surgery, Urology Clinic, and Hospital Informatics Centre, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Schmidlin
- Department of Surgery, Urology Clinic, and Hospital Informatics Centre, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Borst
- Department of Surgery, Urology Clinic, and Hospital Informatics Centre, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Rohner
- Department of Surgery, Urology Clinic, and Hospital Informatics Centre, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Graber
- Department of Surgery, Urology Clinic, and Hospital Informatics Centre, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- N Defabiani
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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20
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Schmidlin FR, Rohner S, Hadaya K, Iselin CE, Vermeulen B, Khan H, Farshad M, Niederer P, Graber P. [The conservative treatment of major kidney injuries]. Ann Urol (Paris) 1998; 31:246-52. [PMID: 9480627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The choice of treatment (surgical or conservative) for major renal trauma still remains controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the results of patients with major renal trauma (grade III and IV) primarily treated by surgical intervention (1980-1992) with those in patients mainly treated conservatively (1992-1995). Between 1980 and 1995, 83 patients with major renal trauma were hospitalized at our institution. Our results show a higher nephrectomy rate of 44% in the case of primary surgical intervention compared to conservative management (27%). The outcome of twenty-two patients treated conservatively was analyzed prospectively with repeated radiological imaging, blood pressure profiles, and renal function assessment by means of MAG 3 renal scintigraphy. No patient developed renovascular hypertension and the relative function of the traumatized kidney was greater than 40% in 95% of patients. In conclusion, our results confirm a lower nephrectomy rate in the case of conservative management without any increase of the immediate or long-term morbidity. Major renal trauma (grade III, IV) can therefore be effectively treated by conservative management and primary surgical repair is only indicated in patients with hemodynamic instability, persistent hematuria and associated visceral injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Schmidlin
- Département de Chirurgie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genève, Suisse
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21
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Bieri S, Iselin CE, Rohner S. Capsular perforation localization and adenoma size as prognostic indicators of erectile dysfunctional after transurethral prostatectomy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1997; 31:545-8. [PMID: 9458513 DOI: 10.3109/00365599709030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of impotence following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was investigated, as well as its correlation with the localization of peroperative capsular perforations and the amount of prostate tissue resected. Patients underwent an interview questioning their potency before and after TURP. For each patient, the TURP technique was reviewed: the localization of eventual capsular perforations was noted and the amount of tissue resected was recorded. Of the 100 patients assessed, 83 were anamnestically potent prior to TURP. Of these, 27 (##%) reported complete loss of erections after operation. Peroperative capsular perforations adjacent to the neurovascular bundles and small-size adenomas correlated significantly with postoperative impotence. The results suggest that capsular perforations adjacent to the neurovascular bundles may be a cause of impotence after TURP, and that patients with small-size adenomas bear a higher risk of post-TURP erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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22
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Rohner S, Graber P. [Do results of surgical treatment of cancer clinically localized to the prostate justify early screening?]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 1997; 86:1730-1733. [PMID: 9446173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and represents the second leading cause of cancer death in men of western countries. Mortality of this tumor is particularly high beyond ten years. For patients with more than 10 years of life expectancy, curative treatment, if available, is mandatory. For the others, observation and differed hormonal palliative treatment is a reasonable alternative. Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard for treatment of clinically localized prostatic cancer. Cure rate is very high when the tumor histologically is strictly confined to the prostate. Morbidity has been reduced with the development of the anatomical approach. Our experience suggests that this reduced morbidity can also be achieved in urology clinics with relatively low recruitment. In addition, our results show that chances for cure are still very high for tumors reaching or even penetrating the prostatic capsule, as long as the seminal vesicles are not invaded. Early screening of the Prostate diagnoses a vast majority of tumors before the stage of seminal vesicle invasion. Early screening may thus be recommended for patients with 10 years or more of life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rohner
- Département de Chirurgie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Genève
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23
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Iselin CE, Schmidlin F, Borst F, Rohner S, Graber P. Oxybutynin in the treatment of early detrusor instability after transurethral resection of the prostate. Br J Urol 1997; 79:915-9. [PMID: 9202559 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1997.00138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the symptomatic and urodynamic effects of oxybutynin in the control of irritative micturitional symptoms during the first week after transurethral resection of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients (median age 67 years, interquartile range 62-72) were included prospectively in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Pre-operatively, uroflowmetry and cystometrography (CMG) were performed, and the post-void residual volume (PVR) measured; symptoms were rated according to the Boyarski score. CMG was repeated on the first post-operative day and medication was started on the third day. Before withdrawing the catheter on the fifth day. CMG was repeated. Three days later, symptoms were evaluated according to the Boyarski score and uroflowmetry and the estimate of PVR reassessed. RESULTS In comparison with placebo, oxybutynin significantly decreased frequency, urgency and detrusor pressure at first sensation of filling. However, oxybutynin did not lower the rate of pre-operative detrusor instability and exerted no effect on the maximal capacity of the bladder and corresponding detrusor pressure. Dryness of mouth was reported in 13% and 65% of patients receiving placebo and oxybutynin, respectively. CONCLUSION Oxybutynin alleviates early irritative symptoms after transurethral resection of BPH, without consistently modifying bladder urodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Iselin
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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24
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Iselin CE, Almagbaly U, Borst F, Rohner S, Schmidlin F, Campana A, Graber P. Safety and efficiency of laparoscopic varicocelectomy in one hundred consecutive cases. Urol Int 1997; 58:213-7. [PMID: 9253120 DOI: 10.1159/000282986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to report the safety and efficiency of laparoscopic varicocelectomy in 100 consecutive patients operated at a single teaching institution. There were three indications: (1) infertility associated with oligo-astheno-teratospermia (n = 52); (2) chronic dragging sensation of the left testicle (n = 42), and (3) incidental finding of a large varicocele in young adolescents (n = 6). In group 1, the postoperative pregnancy rate was 47% and sperm quantity, concentration and mobility were significantly increased. The efficiency in pain control and clinical outcome amounted to 80 and 100% in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Complications were few and minor. There was no intraperitoneal organ or major vessel injury. The mean length of hospital stay (0.9 days) and median total recovery time (5 days) were remarkably short. In conclusion, laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a safe procedure. It is as efficient as open spermatic vein ligation, and provides the patient with a short hospital stay and quick full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Iselin
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
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25
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Schmidlin F, Oswald M, Iselin C, Rohner S, Jichlinski P, Delacrétaz G, Leisinger HJ, Graber P. [Vaporization of urethral stenosis using the KTP 532 laser]. Ann Urol (Paris) 1997; 31:38-42. [PMID: 9157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors treated 16 patients presenting with a total of 20 anterior urethral strictures using the KTP 16 Laser. The aetiology was iatrogenic in 50% of cases, infectious in 20% of cases, traumatic in 20% of cases and unknown in 10% of cases. The stricture was situated in the bulbous urethra (80%), membranous urethra (10%) or penil urethra (10%). Laser vaporization of the urethral stricture was performed over the entire circumference of the urethra when necessary, followed by bladder drainage by urethral catheter for 24 hours. All patients were prospectively reviewed at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months (clinical symptoms, uroflowmetry, cystourethrography). A complete symptom and urodynamic success was obtained in 13 patients (81%) at 3 and 6 months. The stricture recurred in 4 patients, but only three of them (19%) required treatment (reoperation of repeat dilatations). The mean maximum flow rate increased from 6 mL/s to 20 mL/s at 3 months and was maintained at 19 mL/s at 6 months. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. In conclusion, our results confirm that KTP 532 laser urethral strictures is a reliable and effective method in the medium term. These good results also suggest an advantage in terms of the recurrence rate in comparison with internal urethrotomy. However, our series needs to be evaluated with a longer follow-up and prospective, randomized trials comparing the two methods need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmidlin
- Département de Chirurgie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genéve (HCUG), Suisse
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26
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Abstract
The surgical treatment of prostatic obstruction associated with a clinically significant bladder diverticulum has classically combined open diverticulectomy with relief of the bladder outlet obstruction. This report demonstrates that this result may be efficiently achieved by performing transurethral surgery followed immediately by laparoscopic excision of the diverticulum. As assessed by a retrospective comparison with four open bladder diverticulectomies combined with transurethral resection of the prostate, laparoscopic diverticulectomy markedly reduces the postoperative and convalescence period. The overall financial saving that ensues may benefit both the patient and the healthcare system. Sequential laparoscopic bladder diverticulectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate illustrates the increasing possibilities of minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Iselin
- Clinique d'Urologie, Département de Chirurgie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate retrospectively the potential influence of disease-related factors and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) on the sexual function of patients who had undergone curative radiotherapy for prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study comprised 104 patients (median age 69.5 years, range 49-81) who had been treated with curative radiotherapy and no first-line hormones: 16, 52, 33 and three patients had T1, T2, T3 and T4 tumours, respectively. TURP was performed in 73 patients before RT, and needle biopsy alone in 31 patients. They were interviewed about their past and present sexual lives using a questionnaire designed to evaluate the potency of the patients at age 45 years, at 1 year before the diagnosis of the disease, before radiotherapy (after TURP or needle biopsy) and at the last follow-up. Information concerning associated diseases, routine medication and the weight of the resected material was also collected. RESULTS Before diagnosis, 20 patients had no erections while 84 were potent. Of the 60 potent patients undergoing a TURP, 31 (51%) indicated complete impotence immediately thereafter. There was no statistical difference between impotent and potent patients after TURP in age, associated diseases, medical treatment and the weight of the resected material. CONCLUSION TURP may lead to impotence in a significant proportion of patients. As TURP is an important component of "conservative' treatment approaches, its potential sexual morbidity should be taken into consideration in the comparative risk-benefit analysis of different therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Abstract
A case of laparoscopic management of intraperitoneal traumatic bladder rupture is presented. The indication for laparoscopic revision of intraperitoneal bladder rupture is discussed. The advantages of an automatic suturing device are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Iselin
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Rohner S, Bieri S, Graber P. [External radiotherapy with curative intent for adenocarcinoma clinically localized to the prostate (T1 to T3N0M0): intermediate results with a minimum follow-up of 4 years]. Ann Urol (Paris) 1994; 28:221-228. [PMID: 7979212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
External beam radiation therapy is a well-established alternative to radical surgery for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. However, many recent studies suggest that this treatment fails to eradicate prostatic tumors. Outcomes in 100 patients treated in a single institution are reported herein. Follow-up was at least four years in every case. Although survival rates were comparable to or greater than those reported in earlier studies, rates of local and distant recurrences were high, indicating poor treatment efficacy. These data suggest that radiation therapy is not an acceptable alternative to radical surgery for the curative treatment of localized prostatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rohner
- Clinique d'Urologie (Département de Chirurgie), Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genève, Suisse
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30
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Bieri S, Miralbell R, Rohner S. Influence of disease related factors, diagnostic procedures, and transurethral resection in the sexual dysfunction of patients before curative radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(94)90864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Tuchschmid Y, Rohner S. [Ruptures of the bladder. Surgical or conservative treatment]. J Chir (Paris) 1993; 130:343-8. [PMID: 8253881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the bladder is well protected by the bony pelvis, it is seldom injured. However, the initial trauma may be a major one, and associated lesions are frequent, especially in case of extraperitoneal ruptures. Retrograde cystography still remains an essential examination, for which the technique must be straightforward. This work is a review of our cases of pure bladder rupture from 1981 to 1992. Investigations, treatment, and our results are discussed, and the literature is reviewed. In the last few years, we have been favoring a conservative approach of extraperitoneal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tuchschmid
- Département de chirurgie, Hôpital cantonal universitaire, Genève, Suisse
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