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Cheng W, Lin X, Wang T, Zhang X, Xu F, Wang L, Wang M, Zhang M, Xia T, Zhang D, Qian S, Yang W, Hu A, Tang M, Hu X, Wang Y, Zhao Q. Healthy plant-based diet might be inversely associated with gastric precancerous lesions: new evidence from a case-control study based on dietary pattern and fecal metabolic profiling. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:102-118. [PMID: 37941094 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2279916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Preventing the progression of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) can reduce the morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer (GC). The preventive effect of a plant-based diet on cancers has been widely recognised. In this case-control study, 1,130 subjects were included using 1:1 propensity score matching for age and sex. Dietary habits, anthropometry and sample collection were conducted using standard and effective methods. Plant-based diet indices (PDIs) were calculated using a previously reported method. Faecal samples were analysed by untargeted metabolomics. Our study found that adherence to a healthy plant-based diet was inversely associated with the occurrence of GPLs. Metabolomic analysis identified six different metabolites correlated with GPLs, among which luteolin-related metabolites may be used as biomarkers of the association between PDIs and GPLs. In addition, the difference in N-acyl amides found in PDIs needs further verification. Our findings suggest that a healthy plant-based diet may have a protective effect against GPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Daoming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Shiqing Qian
- Department of Pathology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangpeng Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Jiang W, Lu W, Liu J, Ren H, Zhao X, Yang W. miR-520f-3p blocks MNNG-induced gastric precancerous lesions via the KLF7/NFκB pathway. Toxicol Lett 2024; 392:64-74. [PMID: 38184286 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Studying the regulatory mechanism of gastric disease progression to gastric cancer (GC) is essential. miR-520f expression is down-regulated in GC and inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, suggesting that it is associated with the development of GC, but whether it plays a role in the gastric precancerous lesion (GPL) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-520f-3p in the N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced GPL model and to elucidate the role of its downstream target gene Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) in it. The experimental results showed that miR-520f-3p expression was down-regulated in the MNNG-induced GES-1 cell model, and overexpression of miR-520f-3p reversed the effects of MNNG on cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related protein expression. Meanwhile, overexpression of KLF7 attenuated the effect of miR-520f-3p on GPL. In a mouse GPL model, it was observed that MNNG elicited inflammation and EMT processes in mouse gastric tissues through the KLF7/ Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB) pathway, and silencing KLF7 alleviated MNNG-induced gastric epithelial cell injury and gastric atrophy symptoms. These results provide a new perspective for understanding the development of GPL, and the development of new therapies targeting miR-520f-3p and KLF7 may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China
| | - Haixia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China
| | - Xuequn Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin First Central Hospital, China.
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Zhu F, Zhang X, Li P, Zhu Y. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric precancerous lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13013. [PMID: 37602719 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The question of whether eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) can reverse gastric precancerous lesions, including intestinal metaplasia, remains uncertain, leading to ongoing debate. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of Hp eradication on gastric precancerous lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus database, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from inception to April 2023 for studies that explored the impact of Hp eradication on gastric precancerous lesions. Risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were selected as the effect size. We used the random-effects model to assess pooled data. We also performed quality assessments, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included. Compared with placebo, Hp eradication could significantly prevent the progression of gastric precancerous lesions (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.94, p < 0.01) and reverse them (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17-1.50, p < 0.01). Then, specific precancerous lesions were further explored. The progression of intestinal metaplasia was significantly prevented by Hp eradication compared to placebo or no treatment (RR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.69-0.94, p < 0.01). Moreover, compared with placebo or no treatment, Hp eradication also improved chronic atrophic gastritis (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.30-2.61, p < 0.01) and intestinal metaplasia (RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.73, p < 0.01). However, in terms of preventing dysplasia progression (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.37-2.00) and improving dysplasia (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.47-1.70), Hp eradication had no advantage compared to placebo or no treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hp eradication therapy could prevent the progression of gastric precancerous lesions and reverse them. Notably, intestinal metaplasia can be reversed, but this may only be appropriate for patients with epigenetic alterations and milder lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoze Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Yaodong Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
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Shing JZ, Hu S, Herrero R, Hildesheim A, Porras C, Sampson JN, Schussler J, Schiller JT, Lowy DR, Sierra MS, Carvajal L, Kreimer AR. Precancerous cervical lesions caused by non-vaccine-preventable HPV types after vaccination with the bivalent AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine: an analysis of the long-term follow-up study from the randomised Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:940-949. [PMID: 35709811 PMCID: PMC9255557 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In women vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV), reductions in cervical disease and related procedures results in more women having intact transformation zones, potentially increasing the risk of cervical lesions caused by non-vaccine-preventable HPV types, a phenomenon termed clinical unmasking. We aimed to evaluate HPV vaccine efficacy against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) attributed to non-preventable HPV types in the long-term follow-up phase of the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial (CVT). METHODS CVT was a randomised, double-blind, community-based trial done in Costa Rica. Eligible participants were women aged 18-25 years who were in general good health. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive an HPV 16 and 18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine or control hepatitis A vaccine, using a blocked randomisation method (permuted block sizes of 14, 16, and 18). Vaccines in both groups were administered intramuscularly with 0·5 mL doses at 0, 1, and 6 months. Masking of vaccine allocation was maintained throughout the 4-year randomised trial phase, after which participants in the hepatitis A virus vaccine control group were provided the HPV vaccine and exited the study; a screening-only, unvaccinated control group was enrolled. The unvaccinated control group and HPV vaccine group were followed up for 7 years, during which treatment allocation was not masked. One of the prespecified primary endpoints for the long-term follow-up phase was precancers associated with HPV types not prevented by the vaccine, defined as histologically confirmed incident CIN2+ events or CIN3+ events attributed to any HPV type except HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45. Our primary analytical period was years 7-11. Primary analyses were in all participants with at least one follow-up visit and excluded participants with a previous endpoint (ie, modified intention-to-treat cohort). Safety endpoints have been reported elsewhere. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00128661 and NCT00867464. The randomised, masked trial phase is completed; an unmasked subset of women in the HPV-vaccinated group is under active investigation. FINDINGS Between June 28, 2004, and Dec 21, 2005, 7466 participants were enrolled (HPV vaccine group n=3727 and hepatitis A virus vaccine control group n=3739). Between March 30, 2009, and July 5, 2012, 2836 women enrolled in the new unvaccinated control group. The primary analytical cohort (years 7 to 11) included 2767 participants in the HPV vaccine group and 2563 in the unvaccinated group for the CIN2+ events endpoint assessment and 2826 participants in the HPV vaccine group and 2592 in the unvaccinated control group for the CIN3+ events endpoint assessment. Median follow-up during years 7 to 11 for women included for the CIN2+ events analysis was 52·8 months (IQR 44·0 to 60·7) for the HPV vaccine group and 49·8 months (42·0 to 56·9) for the unvaccinated control group. During years 7 to 11, clinical unmasking was observed with a negative vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ events attributed to non-preventable HPV types (-71·2% [95% CI -164·0 to -12·5]), with 9·2 (95% CI 2·1 to 15·6) additional CIN2+ events attributed to non-preventable HPV types per 1000 HPV-vaccinated participants versus HPV-unvaccinated participants. 27·0 (95% CI 14·2 to 39·9) fewer CIN2+ events irrespective of HPV type per 1000 vaccinated participants were observed during 11 years of follow-up. Vaccine efficacy against CIN3+ events attributed to non-preventable HPV types during years 7 to 11 was -135·0% (95% CI -329·8 to -33·5), with 8·3 (3·0 to 12·8) additional CIN3+ events attributed to non-preventable HPV types per 1000 vaccinated participants versus unvaccinated participants. INTERPRETATION Higher rates of CIN2+ events and CIN3+ events due to non-preventable HPV types in vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants suggests clinical unmasking could attenuate long-term reductions in high-grade disease following successful implementation of HPV vaccination programmes in screened populations. Importantly, the net benefit of vaccination remains considerable; therefore, HPV vaccination should still be prioritised as primary prevention for cervical cancer. FUNDING National Cancer Institute and National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Z Shing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Shangying Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica; Early Detection and Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carolina Porras
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John T Schiller
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mónica S Sierra
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loretto Carvajal
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Aimée R Kreimer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hemani R, Patel I, Inamdar N, Campanelli G, Donovan V, Kumar A, Levenson AS. Dietary Pterostilbene for MTA1-Targeted Interception in High-Risk Premalignant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:87-100. [PMID: 34675064 PMCID: PMC8828670 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers in aging men. Active surveillance subpopulation of patients with prostate cancer includes men with varying cancer risk categories of precancerous disease due to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) heterogeneity. Identifying molecular alterations associated with PIN can provide preventable measures through finding novel pharmacologic targets for cancer interception. Targeted nutritional interception may prove to be the most appropriate chemoprevention for intermediate- and high-risk active surveillance patients. Here, we have generated two prostate-specific transgenic mouse models, one overexpressing MTA1 (R26MTA1 ) and the other overexpressing MTA1 on the background of Pten heterozygosity (R26MTA1 ; Pten+/f ), in which we examined the potential chemopreventive efficacy of dietary pterostilbene. We show that MTA1 promotes neoplastic transformation of prostate epithelial cells by activating cell proliferation and survival, leading to PIN development. Moreover, MTA1 cooperates with PTEN deficiency to accelerate PIN development by increasing cell proliferation and MTA1-associated signaling. Further, we show that mice fed with a pterostilbene-supplemented diet exhibited more favorable histopathology with decreased severity and number of PIN foci accompanied by reduced proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation concomitant to reduction in MTA1 and MTA1-associated CyclinD1, Notch2, and oncogenic miR-34a and miR-22 levels. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Developing novel interceptive strategies for prostate cancer chemoprevention is a paramount goal in clinical oncology. We offer preclinical evidence for the potential of pterostilbene as a promising natural agent for MTA1-targeted interceptive strategy in future cancer prevention trials towards protecting select patients with prostate cancer under active surveillance from developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutu Hemani
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Ishani Patel
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Ninad Inamdar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Gisella Campanelli
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Avinash Kumar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York.
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Anait S Levenson
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York
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Kim H, Lipsyc-Sharf M, Zong X, Wang X, Hur J, Song M, Wang M, Smith-Warner SA, Fuchs C, Ogino S, Wu K, Chan AT, Cao Y, Ng K, Giovannucci EL. Total Vitamin D Intake and Risks of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Precursors. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1208-1217.e9. [PMID: 34245763 PMCID: PMC8463427 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D has been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis, but it remains unknown whether total vitamin D intake is associated with early-onset CRC and precursors diagnosed before age 50. METHODS We prospectively examined the association between total vitamin D intake and risks of early-onset CRC and precursors among women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study II. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for early-onset CRC were estimated with Cox proportional hazards model. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for early-onset conventional adenoma and serrated polyp were estimated with logistic regression model. RESULTS We documented 111 incident cases of early-onset CRC during 1,250,560 person-years of follow-up (1991 to 2015). Higher total vitamin D intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of early-onset CRC (HR for ≥450 IU/day vs <300 IU/day, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.93; P for trend = .01). The HR per 400 IU/day increase was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.26-0.83). The inverse association was significant and appeared more evident for dietary sources of vitamin D (HR per 400 IU/day increase, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.79) than supplemental vitamin D (HR per 400 IU/day increase, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.37-1.62). For CRC precursors, the ORs per 400 IU/day increase were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65-0.88) for conventional adenoma (n = 1,439) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.97) for serrated polyp (n = 1,878). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of younger women, higher total vitamin D intake was associated with decreased risks of early-onset CRC and precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marla Lipsyc-Sharf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cancer Immunology Program and Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Chatterjee R, Fuss P, Vickery EM, LeBlanc ES, Sheehan PR, Lewis MR, Dolor RJ, Johnson KC, Kashyap SR, Nelson J, Pittas AG. Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Cancer: The D2d Cancer Outcomes (D2dCA) Ancillary Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2767-2778. [PMID: 33693713 PMCID: PMC8372641 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies suggest that low vitamin D status may be a risk factor for cancer. OBJECTIVE In a population with prediabetes and overweight/obesity that is at higher risk of cancer than the general population, we sought to determine if vitamin D supplementation lowers the risk of cancer and precancers. METHODS The Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes (D2d) cancer outcomes study (D2dCA) is an ancillary study to the D2d study, which was conducted at 22 academic medical centers in the United States. Participants had prediabetes and overweight/obesity and were free of cancer for the previous 5 years. Participants were randomized to receive vitamin D3 4000 IU daily or placebo. At scheduled study visits (4 times/year), cancer and precancer events were identified by questionnaires. Clinical data were collected and adjudicated for all reported events. Cox proportional hazard models compared the hazard ratio (HR) of incident cancers and precancers between groups. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 2.9 years, among 2385 participants (mean age 60 years and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 28 ng/mL), there were 89 cases of cancer. The HR of incident cancer for vitamin D vs placebo was 1.07 (95% CI 0.70, 1.62). Of 241 participants with incident precancers, 239 had colorectal adenomatous polyps. The HR for colorectal polyps for vitamin D vs placebo was 0.83 (95% CI 0.64, 1.07). CONCLUSION In the D2d population of participants with prediabetes and overweight/obesity, not selected for vitamin D insufficiency, vitamin D supplementation did not have a significant effect on risk of incident cancer or colorectal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranee Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, USA
- Correspondence: Ranee Chatterjee, MD, MPH, 800 Washington Street, Box 268, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Paul Fuss
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ellen M Vickery
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Erin S LeBlanc
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente NW, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Patricia R Sheehan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Network, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Rowena J Dolor
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sangeeta R Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jason Nelson
- Tufts CTSI, BERD Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Roubos S, D'Souza D, Hernández-Saavedra D, Xu G, Collao N, Emmons R, Larkin J, Lloyd J, Vanhie JJ, Pan YX, Chen H, De Lisio M. Weight loss with exercise improves muscle architecture and progenitor cell populations compared with weight loss alone in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:837-845. [PMID: 33577399 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss and exercise reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in persons with obesity. Whether weight loss and exercise effect myofiber characteristics and muscle stem/progenitor cell populations in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions, a model of CRC risk, is unknown. To address this gap, male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity or a control (CON) diet prior to azoxymethane injection to induce preneoplastic colorectal lesions. The HFD group was then randomized to weight loss conditions that included (1) switching to the CON diet only (HFD-SED) or switching to the CON diet with treadmill exercise training (HFD-EX). Average myofiber cross-sectional area was not different between groups. There were more smaller-sized fibres in HFD-EX (p < 0.05 vs. CON), and more fibrosis in HFD-SED (p < 0.05 vs. HFD-EX and CON). There was a trend for more committed (Pax7+MyoD+) myoblasts (p = 0.059) and more fibro-adipogenic progenitors in HFD-EX (p < 0.05 vs. CON). Additionally, the canonical pro-inflammatory marker p-NF-κB was markedly reduced in the interstitium of HFD-EX (p < 0.05 vs. CON and HFD-SED). Our findings suggest that in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions, HFD followed by weight loss with exercise reduces muscle fibrosis and results in a higher content of muscle stem/progenitor cells. Novelty: Exercise improves muscle architecture in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesion Exercise increases fibro/adipogenic progenitors and reduces inflammatory signaling in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Roubos
- School of Human Kinetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Donna D'Souza
- School of Human Kinetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Guanying Xu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nicolas Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Russell Emmons
- School of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jillian Larkin
- School of Human Kinetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Lloyd
- School of Human Kinetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James J Vanhie
- School of Human Kinetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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9
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Osmani V, Klug SJ. [HPV vaccination and the prevention of genital warts and precancerous lesions-current evidence and evaluation]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:590-599. [PMID: 33851224 PMCID: PMC8087596 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can cause both benign and malignant tumors. To date, more than 200 HPV types have been discovered, of which 12 are currently classified as high risk for cervical cancer. HPV types that affect the anogenital tract are sexually transmitted. Since 2006, prophylactic HPV vaccines have been available and should be administered before first sexual contact.HPVs infect epithelial cells and are worldwide the most common sexually transmitted viruses. Apart from cervical cancer, HPVs cause other anogenital cancers such as vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancer but also oropharyngeal cancer (or head and neck cancers). HPV types 16 and 18 are also found at these sites. HPV types 6 and 11 are associated with genital warts; other HPV types can cause harmless skin warts.HPV vaccines are safe and highly effective, if they are administered before exposure to HPV. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that HPV vaccination effectively prevents HPV infection, but also precancerous lesions of the anogenital tract and genital warts. Recent vaccination data also demonstrate reductions in cervical cancer incidence.The uptake rates of HPV vaccination vary worldwide by program and acceptance. In comparison to other European countries, Germany has a low uptake rate. The Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommends HPV vaccinations for all girls and boys ages 9 to 14 years in Germany. In 2018, only half of all 18-year-old girls in Germany were completely immunized against HPV.Organized vaccination programs, whether population-based or school-based, are necessary in order to increase vaccination uptake rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Osmani
- Lehrstuhl für Epidemiologie, Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, München, Deutschland
| | - Stefanie J Klug
- Lehrstuhl für Epidemiologie, Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, München, Deutschland.
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10
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Rees JR, Lao-Sirieix P, Wong A, Fitzgerald RC. Treatment for Barrett's oesophagus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 3:CD004060. [PMID: 33661543 PMCID: PMC8078155 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004060.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review has been withdrawn because it has been split into the following reviews: 'Pharmaceutical interventions for Barrett's oesophagus' and 'Endoscopic interventions for Barrett's oesophagus'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Re Rees
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Wong
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Inturrisi F, Lissenberg‐Witte BI, Veldhuijzen NJ, Bogaards JA, Ronco G, Meijer CJLM, Berkhof J. Estimating the direct effect of human papillomavirus vaccination on the lifetime risk of screen-detected cervical precancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:320-328. [PMID: 32663316 PMCID: PMC7754437 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Birth cohorts vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) are now entering cervical cancer screening. Assessment of (pre)cancer (CIN3+) risk is needed to assess the residual screening need in vaccinated women. We estimated the lifetime (screen-detected) CIN3+ risk under five-yearly primary HPV screening between age 30 and 60, using HPV genotyping and histology data of 21,287 women participating in a screening trial with two HPV-based screening rounds, 5 years apart. The maximum follow-up after an HPV-positive test was 9 years. We re-estimated the CIN3+ risk after projecting direct vaccine efficacy for the bivalent and the nonavalent HPV vaccines, assuming life-long protection. The lifetime CIN3+ risk was 4.1% (95% confidence interval 3.5-4.9) and declined by 53.5% and 70.5% after bivalent vaccination without and with cross-protection, respectively, translating into a residual lifetime CIN3+ risk of 1.9% (1.4-2.4) and 1.2% (0.9-1.5). The CIN3+ risk declined by 88.5% after nonavalent vaccination, translating into a residual lifetime CIN3+ risk of 0.5% (0.2-0.7). The latter risk increased to 1.6% when vaccine protection only lasted until the first screening round at age 30. Among HPV-positive women with abnormal adjunct cytology, the nine-year CIN3+ risk was 16.9% (8.7-32.4) after nonavalent vaccination. In conclusion, HPV vaccination will lead to a strong decline in the lifetime CIN3+ risk and the remaining absolute CIN3+ risk will be very low. Primary HPV testing combined with adjunct cytology at five-year intervals still seems feasible even after nonavalent vaccination, although unlikely to be cost-effective. Our results support a de-intensification of screening programs in settings with high vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Inturrisi
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Birgit I. Lissenberg‐Witte
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nienke J. Veldhuijzen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- The Leprosy Research InitiativeAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. Bogaards
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease ControlNational Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Chris J. L. M. Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public HealthAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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12
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Valenzano MC, Rybakovsky E, Chen V, Leroy K, Lander J, Richardson E, Yalamanchili S, McShane S, Mathew A, Mayilvaganan B, Connor L, Urbas R, Huntington W, Corcoran A, Trembeth S, McDonnell E, Wong P, Newman G, Mercogliano G, Zitin M, Etemad B, Thornton J, Daum G, Raines J, Kossenkov A, Fong LY, Mullin JM. Zinc Gluconate Induces Potentially Cancer Chemopreventive Activity in Barrett's Esophagus: A Phase 1 Pilot Study. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:1195-1211. [PMID: 32415564 PMCID: PMC7677901 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemopreventive effects of zinc for esophageal cancer have been well documented in animal models. This prospective study explores if a similar, potentially chemopreventive action can be seen in Barrett's esophagus (BE) in humans. AIMS To determine if molecular evidence can be obtained potentially indicating zinc's chemopreventive action in Barrett's metaplasia. METHODS Patients with a prior BE diagnosis were placed on oral zinc gluconate (14 days of 26.4 mg zinc BID) or a sodium gluconate placebo, prior to their surveillance endoscopy procedure. Biopsies of Barrett's mucosa were then obtained for miRNA and mRNA microarrays, or protein analyses. RESULTS Zinc-induced mRNA changes were observed for a large number of transcripts. These included downregulation of transcripts encoding proinflammatory proteins (IL32, IL1β, IL15, IL7R, IL2R, IL15R, IL3R), upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators (IL1RA), downregulation of transcripts mediating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (LIF, MYB, LYN, MTA1, SRC, SNAIL1, and TWIST1), and upregulation of transcripts that oppose EMT (BMP7, MTSS1, TRIB3, GRHL1). miRNA arrays showed significant upregulation of seven miRs with tumor suppressor activity (-125b-5P, -132-3P, -548z, -551a, -504, -518, and -34a-5P). Of proteins analyzed by Western blot, increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, BAX, and the tight junctional protein, CLAUDIN-7, along with decreased expression of BCL-2 and VEGF-R2 were noteworthy. CONCLUSIONS When these mRNA, miRNA, and protein molecular data are considered collectively, a cancer chemopreventive action by zinc in Barrett's metaplasia may be possible for this precancerous esophageal tissue. These results and the extensive prior animal model studies argue for a future prospective clinical trial for this safe, easily-administered, and inexpensive micronutrient, that could determine if a chemopreventive action truly exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Valenzano
- The Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - E Rybakovsky
- The Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - V Chen
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - K Leroy
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - J Lander
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - E Richardson
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - S Yalamanchili
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - S McShane
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - A Mathew
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - B Mayilvaganan
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - L Connor
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - R Urbas
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - W Huntington
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - A Corcoran
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - S Trembeth
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - E McDonnell
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - P Wong
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - G Newman
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - G Mercogliano
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - M Zitin
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - B Etemad
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - J Thornton
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - G Daum
- The Department of Pathology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA
| | - J Raines
- The Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | | | - L Y Fong
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J M Mullin
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, USA.
- The Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Cai Q, Shi P, Yuan Y, Peng J, Ou X, Zhou W, Li J, Su T, Lin L, Cai S, He Y, Xu J. Inflammation-Associated Senescence Promotes Helicobacter pylori-Induced Atrophic Gastritis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:857-880. [PMID: 33161156 PMCID: PMC7859172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between cellular senescence and Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis is not clear. Here, we explore the role of cellular senescence in H pylori-induced atrophic gastritis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infected with H pylori for biological and mechanistic studies in vivo. Gastric precancerous lesions from patients and mouse models were collected and analyzed using senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, Sudan Black B, and immunohistochemical staining to analyze senescent cells, signaling pathways, and H pylori infection. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, and other techniques were used to explore the underlying mechanism in vitro. RESULTS Gastric mucosa atrophy was highly associated with cellular senescence. H pylori promoted gastric epithelial cell senescence in vitro and in vivo in a manner that depended on C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) signaling. Interestingly, H pylori infection not only up-regulated the expression of CXCR2 ligands, C-X-C motif chemokine ligands 1 and 8, but also transcriptionally up-regulated the expression of CXCR2 via the nuclear factor-κB subunit 1 directly. In addition, CXCR2 formed a positive feedback loop with p53 to continually enhance senescence. Pharmaceutical inhibition of CXCR2 in an H pylori-infected mouse model attenuated mucosal senescence and atrophy, and delayed further precancerous lesion progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a new mechanism of H pylori-induced atrophic gastritis through CXCR2-mediated cellular senescence. Inhibition of CXCR2 signaling is suggested as a potential preventive therapy for targeting H pylori-induced atrophic gastritis. GEO data set accession numbers: GSE47797 and GSE3556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Cai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Peng
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinde Ou
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taiqiang Su
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Lin
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong He
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Bockerstett KA, Petersen CP, Noto CN, Kuehm LM, Wong CF, Ford EL, Teague RM, Mills JC, Goldenring JR, DiPaolo RJ. Interleukin 27 Protects From Gastric Atrophy and Metaplasia During Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:561-579. [PMID: 32376420 PMCID: PMC7399182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between chronic inflammation and gastric carcinogenesis is well established, but it is not clear how immune cells and cytokines regulate this process. We investigated the role of interleukin 27 (IL27) in the development of gastric atrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia (preneoplastic lesions associated with inflammation-induced gastric cancer) in mice with autoimmune gastritis. METHODS We performed studies with TxA23 mice (control mice), which express a T-cell receptor against the H+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase α chain and develop autoimmune gastritis, and TxA23xEbi3-/- mice, which develop gastritis but do not express IL27. In some experiments, mice were given high-dose tamoxifen to induce parietal cell atrophy and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). Recombinant IL27 was administered to mice with mini osmotic pumps. Stomachs were collected and analyzed by histopathology and immunofluorescence; we used flow cytometry to measure IL27 and identify immune cells that secrete IL27 in the gastric mucosa. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on immune cells that infiltrated stomach tissues. RESULTS We identified IL27-secreting macrophages and dendritic cell in the corpus of mice with chronic gastritis (TxA23 mice). Mice deficient in IL27 developed more severe gastritis, atrophy, and SPEM than control mice. Administration of recombinant IL27 significantly reduced the severity of inflammation, atrophy, and SPEM in mice with gastritis. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that IL27 acted almost exclusively on stomach-infiltrating CD4+ T cells to suppress expression of inflammatory genes. CONCLUSIONS In studies of mice with autoimmune gastritis, we found that IL27 is an inhibitor of gastritis and SPEM, suppressing CD4+ T-cell-mediated inflammation in the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Bockerstett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Christine P Petersen
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Lindsey M Kuehm
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Chun Fung Wong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric L Ford
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan M Teague
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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15
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Romualdo GR, Silva EDA, Da Silva TC, Aloia TPA, Nogueira MS, De Castro IA, Vinken M, Barbisan LF, Cogliati B. Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) root attenuates preneoplastic lesion development in a diet and thioacetamide-induced model of steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:518-527. [PMID: 31804025 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered growing risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development in high-income countries. Diet- and chemically induced rodent models have been applied for the translational study of NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis due to their morphological and molecular similarities to the corresponding human disease. Arctium lappa L. (burdock) root tea has been extensively consumed in Traditional Chinese Medicine due to its potential therapeutic properties. Indeed, the bioactive compounds of A. lappa root, as the polyphenols, have already showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in different in vivo and in vitro bioassays. In this study, we investigated whether burdock root ethanolic extract (BRE) administration attenuates NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats received choline-deficient high-fat diet for 8 weeks and multiple thioacetamide doses for 4 weeks in order to induce NASH and preneoplastic glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST-P)+ preneoplastic foci. Subsequently, rats were treated with BRE (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle by oral gavage for 2 weeks. BRE displayed high levels of chlorogenic and caffeic acids and BRE administration reduced total fatty acid and lipid hydroperoxide levels, while increasing the activities of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in the liver. Furthermore, burdock intervention diminished the size of GST-P+ remodeling preneoplastic lesions (PNLs) and displayed a trend on reducing hepatocyte proliferation (Ki-67) inside them. These findings suggest that short-term exposure to BRE alleviated remodeling PNL development in NASH-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Elizangela Dos Anjos Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tereza C Da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago P A Aloia
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina S Nogueira
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inar A De Castro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of in vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luís F Barbisan
- Department of Morphology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Medeiros R, Vaz S, Rebelo T, Figueiredo-Dias M. Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection. Beyond Cervical Cancer: A Brief Review. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2020; 33:198-201. [PMID: 32130098 DOI: 10.20344/amp.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer, an important portion of anogenital and oropharyngeal invasive and preinvasive lesions, as well as genital warts (condyloma acuminatum) and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Currently, three prophylactic vaccines against high-risk Human papillomavirus are commercialized in many countries worldwide. METHODS To this non-systematic review the authors searched in MEDLINE/PubMed for systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials, published in the last six years, using the terms "HPV", "non-cervical cancer" and "vaccine". Non-cervical cancers caused by human papillomavirus are less common lesions. However, its incidence has been increasing, while cervical cancer has declined, due mainly to highly effective screening programs. There are no formal screening programs for non-cervical cancers, so universal vaccination could have an important impact. The preventive effect of the vaccine is mainly studied and established in relation to cervical cancer, although it has also been demonstrated in the development of vulvar and vaginal lesions. To date, the efficacy in preventing anal and oropharyngeal diseases related with human papillomavirus is uncertain due to scarce supporting data and low vaccination coverage in men. The prevalence of injuries and subsequent absolute benefit of vaccination is lower in men, but it provides an additional benefit to the herd immunity achieved with the vaccination of women. CONCLUSION The total fraction of malignant and pre-malignant lesions attributed to Human papillomavirus genotypes contained in the nonavalent vaccine is significant in both women and men, which turns this vaccine into a great asset in terms of Public Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Medeiros
- Department of Gynaecology. Hospital and University Centre of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Susan Vaz
- Department of Gynaecology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Teresa Rebelo
- Department of Gynaecology. Hospital and University Centre of Coimbra. Coimbra. Department of Gynaecology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Dias
- Department of Gynaecology. Hospital and University Centre of Coimbra. Coimbra. Department of Gynaecology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal
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Mossine VV, Mawhinney TP, Giovannucci EL. Dried Fruit Intake and Cancer: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:237-250. [PMID: 31504082 PMCID: PMC7442373 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient intake of total fruits and vegetables is linked to an increased cancer risk, but the relation is not understood for dried fruits. Dried fruits are generally perceived, by both consumers and researchers, as a less attractive but shelf-stable equivalent to fresh fruits and constitute a small but significant proportion of modern diets. Chemical compositions of raw and dried fruits, however, may differ substantially. Several clinical and laboratory intervention studies have reported the protective effects of dehydrated fruits against the progression of some cancers and the modulating effects of dried fruits on common cancer risk factors. In this systematic review, we identified, summarized, and critically evaluated 9 prospective cohort and 7 case-control studies that examined the relations between traditional dried fruit (raisins, prunes, dates) consumption and cancer risk in humans. Prospective cohort studies determined that significant reductions in relative risk of precancerous colorectal polyps, incidence of prostate cancer, or mortality from pancreatic cancer, by, respectively, 24%, 49%, and 65%, were associated with 3-5 or more servings of dried fruits per week. Selected case-control studies revealed inverse associations between dried fruit intake and risk of cancer as well. The reported associations were comparable to or stronger than those observed for total or raw fruits. Although the small number and high heterogeneity impede meta-analysis of these studies, we conclude that currently available data provide some initial evidence that consumption of dried fruits may be associated with a lower cancer incidence or mortality in populations. The data suggest that higher intake of raisins and other dried fruits may be important in the prevention of cancers of the digestive system. Because only a limited number of health outcome and dried fruit intake relations have been evaluated in prospective studies to date, reanalyzing existing high-quality epidemiological data may expand the knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri V Mossine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas P Mawhinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Cleveland AA, Gargano JW, Park IU, Griffin MR, Niccolai LM, Powell M, Bennett NM, Saadeh K, Pemmaraju M, Higgins K, Ehlers S, Scahill M, Jones MLJ, Querec T, Markowitz LE, Unger ER. Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ: Human papillomavirus types and incidence trends in five states, 2008-2015. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:810-818. [PMID: 30980692 PMCID: PMC9112013 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary prevention through the use of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is expected to impact both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). While CIN is well described, less is known about the epidemiology of AIS, a rare cervical precancer. We identified AIS and CIN grade 3 (CIN3) cases through population-based surveillance, and analyzed data on HPV types and incidence trends overall, and among women screened for cervical cancer. From 2008 to 2015, 470 AIS and 6,587 CIN3 cases were identified. The median age of women with AIS was older than those with CIN3 (35 vs. 31 years; p < 0.01). HPV16 was the most frequently detected type in both AIS and CIN3 (57% in AIS; 58% in CIN3), whereas HPV18 was the second most common type in AIS and less common in CIN3 (38% vs. 5%; p < 0.01). AIS lesions were more likely than CIN3 lesions to be positive for high-risk types targeted by the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines (HPV16/18, 92% vs. 63%; p < 0.01), and 9-valent vaccine (HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58, 95% vs. 87%; p < 0.01). AIS incidence rates decreased significantly in the 21-24 year age group (annual percent change [APC] overall: -22.1%, 95% CI: -33.9 to -8.2; APC among screened: -16.1%, 95% CI: -28.8 to -1.2), but did not decrease significantly in any older age group. This report on the largest number of genotyped AIS cases to date suggests an important opportunity for vaccine prevention of AIS, and is the first to document a decline in AIS incidence rates among young women during the vaccine era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ina U. Park
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nancy M. Bennett
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kayla Saadeh
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyle Higgins
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sara Ehlers
- Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mary Scahill
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Troy Querec
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Li SC, Lin HP, Chang JS, Shih CK. Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Germinated Brown Rice Suppresses Preneoplastic Lesions of the Colon in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2718. [PMID: 31717536 PMCID: PMC6893647 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer associated with chronic inflammation. Whole grains and probiotics play a protective role against CRC. Fermented grains are receiving increased attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Our previous study found that a combination of germinated brown rice (GBR) with probiotics suppressed colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. However, the cancer-preventive effect of probiotic-fermented GBR has not been reported. This study investigated the preventive effect and possible mechanism of GBR fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (FGBR) on colorectal carcinogenesis in rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DMH/DSS treatment induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, as well as decreased pro-apoptotic Bax expression. GBR and FGBR reduced the primary ACF number and decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels. GBR and FGBR at the 2.5% level increased pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and decreased anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions. FGBR at the 2.5% level further reduced the number of sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF) and increased Bax expression. These results suggest that FGBR may inhibit preneoplastic lesions of the colon via activating the apoptotic pathway. This fermented rice product may have the potential to be developed as a novel dietary supplement for CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Han-Pei Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (H.-P.L.); (J.-S.C.)
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM. Moving Immunoprevention Beyond Virally Mediated Malignancies: Do We Need to Link It to Early Detection? Front Immunol 2019; 10:2385. [PMID: 31649683 PMCID: PMC6795703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines can successfully prevent viral infections and have emerged as an effective strategy for preventing some virally mediated malignancies. They also represent our major hope for cost-effective reduction of the cancer burden. The concept that the immune system mediates surveillance and editing roles against tumors is now well-established in murine models. However, harnessing the immune system to prevent human cancers that do not have a known viral etiology has not yet been realized. Most human cancers originate in a premalignant phase that is more common than the cancer itself. Many of the genetic changes that underlie carcinogenesis originate at this stage when the malignant phenotype is not manifest. Studies evaluating host response in human premalignancy have documented that these lesions are immunogenic, setting the stage for immune-based approaches for targeted prevention of human cancer. However, recent studies suggest that the hierarchy of T cell exhaustion and immune-suppressive factors have already begun to emerge in many preneoplastic states. These considerations underscore the need to link immune prevention to earlier detection of such lesions and to personalize such approaches based on the status of the pre-existing immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kavita M. Dhodapkar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Zhou Q, Chen YG, Xiao J, Chen TT, Liu JR, Zhou W, Li WZ, Wang Y, Zhang BP, lin J, Meng FD, Gong B, Zheng GY, Han ST, Cheng HB. Traditional Chinese medicine (Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction) as an adjuvant treatment for prevention new colorectal adenomatous polyp occurrence in post-polypectomy: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16680. [PMID: 31374049 PMCID: PMC6708956 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal Adenomatous Polyp (CAP) was one precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC) and having a high chance of developing into CRC. There was a lack of conclusive chemoprevention evidences to prevention new CAP occurrence in post-polypectomy. Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction, Chinese National Medical Professor (Zhou Zhongying)'s experience formula, has been used to treat new CAP occurrence in post-polypectomy from the 20th century in China. However, clinical research of Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of CAP recurrence was lack. We design this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of new CAP occurrence in post-polypectomy on colonoscopy. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized, controlled, blind and multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction is proposed. CAP patients (after complete polypectomy under colonoscopy) will be randomly assigned into Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction group and Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction mimetic agent group. Patients will receive 6-course treatments and a 2-year follow-up. Follow-up colonoscopy will be anticipated to perform in 1 and 2 years after the baseline examinations. The primary outcome measure is the new CAP occurrence in 1 and 2 years. The secondary outcome measure is the occurrence of advanced adenoma in 1 and 2 years. DISCUSSION This study will provide objective evidences to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoai Jiedu Decoction as an adjuvant treatment for new CAP occurrence in post-polypectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03616444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yu-Gen Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jun Xiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | | | - Wan Zhou
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Yan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Bei-ping Zhang
- Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Jiang lin
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai
| | | | - Biao Gong
- Shuguang Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Shu-tang Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
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Zheng Q, Wangari-Talbot J, Bouez C, Verschoore M. Photoaging and Photoprotection in United States Hispanic Population. J Drugs Dermatol 2019; 18:s121-s123. [PMID: 30909358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging is a complex and chronic process that induces structural and functional changes in sun-exposed skin, including coarse wrinkles, laxity, dyschromia, telangiectasias, and potential precancerous lesions. Pigmented skin presents different structure and physiology that contribute to distinctive photoaging process. The skin of color population is reported to “age better” than their Caucasian counterparts in general, with fewer wrinkles and better skin texture. However, pigmentary disorders and sun-exposure related dyschromia are highly prevalent in skin of color. Hispanics are the fastest growing population in the U.S. and represents a heterogenous group of people with different skin tones and Fitzpatrick phototypes. They demonstrate large diversity and heterogeneity in skin physiology, pigmentary disorders, and photoaging-related skin color shifting. Specific concerns around hyperpigmentation, skin tone evenness, and texture or roughness are very common among Hispanics, demanding targeted medical and cosmeceutical solutions. Customized daily routines including sufficient photo-protection are essential to address such needs. This mini review identifies some of the specific skin concerns of Hispanics in America and emphasizes the needs for long-term sunscreen use and education. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(3 Suppl):s121-123.
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Ozle M, Uğar Çankal DA, Ilhan M, Keleş H, Küpeli Akkol E. Evaluation of the chemopreventive effects of Ankaferd Bloodstopper in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced oral epithelial dysplasia. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:3091-3096. [PMID: 29500540 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ankaferd BloodStopper® (ABS) is an herbal extract which has been used historically as a hemostatic agent in traditional Turkish medicine. ABS comprises of standardized mixture of herbs Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum, and Urtica dioica. In addition to its hemostatic effects, the herb ABS contains some other biological effects including antioxidant and antitumoral properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemopreventive effects of ABS in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral epithelial dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 animals received DMBA alone, and group 2 animals received both DMBA and Ankaferd. Group 3 animals received ABS alone while group 4 animals served as control group and received only liquid paraffine. All animals were sacrificed, and tissue samples were analyzed histologically at the end of the experimental period (14 weeks). RESULTS Histological studies have shown that the buccal pouches of animals treated with DMBA alone revealed severe dysplasia while only mild or no dysplasia were noticed in DMBA + ABS group. Ankaferd were administered to animals and control group showed no dysplasia or other oral lesions. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Ankaferd Bloodstopper® has chemopreventive effect against DMBA-induced oral epithelial dysplasia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ankaferd Bloodstopper® could be used as a supportive treatment option of cancer in oral and maxillofacial surgery since it possesses chemopreventive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek A Uğar Çankal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 06510, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Ilhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) types is causally linked with the development of cervical precancer and cancer. HPV types 16 and 18 cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the harms and protection of prophylactic human papillomaviruses (HPV) vaccines against cervical precancer and HPV16/18 infection in adolescent girls and women. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Embase (June 2017) for reports on effects from trials. We searched trial registries and company results' registers to identify unpublished data for mortality and serious adverse events. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing efficacy and safety in females offered HPV vaccines with placebo (vaccine adjuvants or another control vaccine). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used Cochrane methodology and GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence for protection against cervical precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and above [CIN2+], CIN grade 3 and above [CIN3+], and adenocarcinoma-in-situ [AIS]), and for harms. We distinguished between the effects of vaccines by participants' baseline HPV DNA status. The outcomes were precancer associated with vaccine HPV types and precancer irrespective of HPV type. Results are presented as risks in control and vaccination groups and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals in brackets. MAIN RESULTS We included 26 trials (73,428 participants). Ten trials, with follow-up of 1.3 to 8 years, addressed protection against CIN/AIS. Vaccine safety was evaluated over a period of 6 months to 7 years in 23 studies. Studies were not large enough or of sufficient duration to evaluate cervical cancer outcomes. All but one of the trials was funded by the vaccine manufacturers. We judged most included trials to be at low risk of bias. Studies involved monovalent (N = 1), bivalent (N = 18), and quadrivalent vaccines (N = 7). Most women were under 26 years of age. Three trials recruited women aged 25 and over. We summarize the effects of vaccines in participants who had at least one immunisation.Efficacy endpoints by initial HPV DNA statushrHPV negativeHPV vaccines reduce CIN2+, CIN3+, AIS associated with HPV16/18 compared with placebo in adolescent girls and women aged 15 to 26. There is high-certainty evidence that vaccines lower CIN2+ from 164 to 2/10,000 (RR 0.01 (0 to 0.05)) and CIN3+ from 70 to 0/10,000 (RR 0.01 (0.00 to 0.10). There is moderate-certainty evidence that vaccines reduce the risk of AIS from 9 to 0/10,000 (RR 0.10 (0.01 to 0.82).HPV vaccines reduce the risk of any CIN2+ from 287 to 106/10,000 (RR 0.37 (0.25 to 0.55), high certainty) and probably reduce any AIS lesions from 10 to 0/10,000 (RR 0.1 (0.01 to 0.76), moderate certainty). The size of reduction in CIN3+ with vaccines differed between bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines (bivalent: RR 0.08 (0.03 to 0.23), high certainty; quadrivalent: RR 0.54 (0.36 to 0.82), moderate certainty). Data in older women were not available for this comparison.HPV16/18 negativeIn those aged 15 to 26 years, vaccines reduce CIN2+ associated with HPV16/18 from 113 to 6 /10,000 (RR 0.05 (0.03 to 0.10). In women 24 years or older the absolute and relative reduction in the risk of these lesions is smaller (from 45 to 14/10,000, (RR 0.30 (0.11 to 0.81), moderate certainty). HPV vaccines reduce the risk of CIN3+ and AIS associated with HPV16/18 in younger women (RR 0.05 (0.02 to 0.14), high certainty and RR 0.09 (0.01 to 0.72), moderate certainty, respectively). No trials in older women have measured these outcomes.Vaccines reduce any CIN2+ from 231 to 95/10,000, (RR 0.41 (0.32 to 0.52)) in younger women. No data are reported for more severe lesions.Regardless of HPV DNA statusIn younger women HPV vaccines reduce the risk of CIN2+ associated with HPV16/18 from 341 to 157/10,000 (RR 0.46 (0.37 to 0.57), high certainty). Similar reductions in risk were observed for CIN3+ associated with HPV16/18 (high certainty). The number of women with AIS associated with HPV16/18 is reduced from 14 to 5/10,000 with HPV vaccines (high certainty).HPV vaccines reduce any CIN2+ from 559 to 391/10,000 (RR 0.70 (0.58 to 0.85, high certainty) and any AIS from 17 to 5/10,000 (RR 0.32 (0.15 to 0.67), high certainty). The reduction in any CIN3+ differed by vaccine type (bivalent vaccine: RR 0.55 (0.43 to 0.71) and quadrivalent vaccine: RR 0.81 (0.69 to 0.96)).In women vaccinated at 24 to 45 years of age, there is moderate-certainty evidence that the risks of CIN2+ associated with HPV16/18 and any CIN2+ are similar between vaccinated and unvaccinated women (RR 0.74 (0.52 to 1.05) and RR 1.04 (0.83 to 1.30) respectively). No data are reported in this age group for CIN3+ or AIS.Adverse effectsThe risk of serious adverse events is similar between control and HPV vaccines in women of all ages (669 versus 656/10,000, RR 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05), high certainty). Mortality was 11/10,000 in control groups compared with 14/10,000 (9 to 22) with HPV vaccine (RR 1.29 [0.85 to 1.98]; low certainty). The number of deaths was low overall but there is a higher number of deaths in older women. No pattern in the cause or timing of death has been established.Pregnancy outcomesAmong those who became pregnant during the studies, we did not find an increased risk of miscarriage (1618 versus 1424/10,000, RR 0.88 (0.68 to 1.14), high certainty) or termination (931 versus 838/10,000 RR 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02), high certainty). The effects on congenital abnormalities and stillbirths are uncertain (RR 1.22 (0.88 to 1.69), moderate certainty and (RR 1.12 (0.68 to 1.83), moderate certainty, respectively). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is high-certainty evidence that HPV vaccines protect against cervical precancer in adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 26. The effect is higher for lesions associated with HPV16/18 than for lesions irrespective of HPV type. The effect is greater in those who are negative for hrHPV or HPV16/18 DNA at enrolment than those unselected for HPV DNA status. There is moderate-certainty evidence that HPV vaccines reduce CIN2+ in older women who are HPV16/18 negative, but not when they are unselected by HPV DNA status.We did not find an increased risk of serious adverse effects. Although the number of deaths is low overall, there were more deaths among women older than 25 years who received the vaccine. The deaths reported in the studies have been judged not to be related to the vaccine. Increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes after HPV vaccination cannot be excluded, although the risk of miscarriage and termination are similar between trial arms. Long-term of follow-up is needed to monitor the impact on cervical cancer, occurrence of rare harms and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Arbyn
- SciensanoUnit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer CentreJuliette Wytsmanstreet 14BrusselsBelgiumB‐1050
| | - Lan Xu
- SciensanoUnit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer CentreJuliette Wytsmanstreet 14BrusselsBelgiumB‐1050
| | - Cindy Simoens
- University of AntwerpLaboratory of Cell Biology and HistologyGroenenborgerlaan 171AntwerpBelgiumB‐2020
| | - Pierre PL Martin‐Hirsch
- Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospital NHS TrustGynaecological Oncology UnitSharoe Green LaneFullwoodPrestonLancashireUKPR2 9HT
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Rehman MU, Rahman Mir MU, Farooq A, Rashid SM, Ahmad B, Bilal Ahmad S, Ali R, Hussain I, Masoodi M, Muzamil S, Madkhali H, Ahmad Ganaie M. Naringenin (4,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) suppresses the development of precancerous lesions via controlling hyperproliferation and inflammation in the colon of Wistar rats. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:422-435. [PMID: 29345053 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and one of the most dangerous type of cancer, affecting both men and women. Naringenin (4, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavanone) is one of the major flavone glycoside present in citrus fruits. Naringenin has long been used in Chinese's traditional medicine because of its exceptional pharmacological properties and non-toxic nature. In the present study, we investigated the chemopreventive potential of Naringenin against 1,2-dimethyhydrazine (DMH)-induced precancerous lesions, that is, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin depleted foci (MDF), and its role in regulating the oxidative stress, inflammation and hyperproliferation, in the colon of Wistar rats. Animals were divided into five groups. In groups 3-5, Naringenin was administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg b. wt. orally while in groups 2-4, DMH was administered subcutaneously in the groin at the dose of 20 mg/kg b. wt. once a week for first 5 weeks and animals were euthanized after 10 weeks. Administration of Naringenin ameliorated the development of DMH-induced lipid peroxidation, ROS formation, precancerous lesions (ACF and MDF) and it also reduced the infiltration of mast cells, suppressed the immunostaining of NF-κB-p65, COX-2, i-NOS PCNA and Ki 67 Naringenin treatment significantly attenuated the level of TNF-α and it also prevented the depletion of the mucous layer. Our findings suggest that Naringenin has strong chemopreventive potential against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis but further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanism of action of Naringenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Adil Farooq
- RAKCOPS, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AL, Khaimah, 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Rayeesa Ali
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Ishraq Hussain
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Mubashir Masoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (SKUAST-K), Alustang, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Hassan Madkhali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Henrikson NB, Morrison CC, Blasi PR, Nguyen M, Shibuya KC, Patnode CD. Behavioral Counseling for Skin Cancer Prevention: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2018; 319:1143-1157. [PMID: 29558557 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Exposure to UV radiation, especially in childhood, increases skin cancer risk. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence on the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling for skin cancer prevention to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). DATA SOURCES Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for studies published from January 2009 to March 31, 2016, for skin cancer prevention and from August 2005 to March 31, 2016, for skin self-examination. Surveillance in targeted publications was conducted through February 14, 2018. Studies included in previous USPSTF reports were reevaluated for inclusion. STUDY SELECTION Fair- and good-quality studies of primary care-relevant behavioral interventions focused on improving skin cancer outcomes, intermediate outcomes, or skin cancer prevention and self-examination behaviors. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full-text articles and extracted data into evidence tables. Results were qualitatively summarized but not pooled because of heterogeneity of measures. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Skin cancer, sunburn, precursor skin lesions, sun protection behaviors, and any harms from interventions. RESULTS Twenty-one trials in 27 publications were included (N = 20 561). No studies assessed skin cancer outcomes in pediatric populations; 1 adult trial (n = 1356) promoting skin self-examination found no significant difference in participants diagnosed with melanoma in the intervention group vs the control group at 12-month follow-up (0 vs 1 diagnosis). There was no consistent improvement in prevention of sunburn for children (3 trials [n = 2508]) or adults (6 trials [n = 3959]). There were small to moderate increases in sun protection behavior in pediatric populations (6 trials [n = 4252]) and adults (12 trials [n = 13 099]) and small increases in skin self-examination in adults (11 trials [n = 7771]; odds ratios, 1.16-2.6). One of 3 trials of indoor tanning found an intervention effect; an appearance-focused intervention (n = 430) resulted in a smaller increase in mean indoor tanning sessions at 6 months in the intervention group vs the control group. Harms were rarely reported: 1 trial of skin self-examination (n = 1356) found an increase in skin procedures in the intervention group vs the control group at 6 months (8.0% vs 3.6%, P < .001) but not between 6 and 12 months (3.9% vs 3.3%, P = .50), and 1 trial (n = 217) found no between-group difference in skin cancer worry (28.9% vs 18.4%, P = .16). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Behavioral interventions can increase sun protection behavior, but there is no consistent evidence that interventions are associated with a reduction in the frequency of sunburn in children or adults and minimal evidence on skin cancer outcomes. Intervention can increase skin self-examination in adults but may lead to increased skin procedures without detecting additional atypical nevi or skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora B Henrikson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Seattle
| | - Caitlin C Morrison
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Seattle
| | - Paula R Blasi
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Seattle
| | - Matt Nguyen
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Seattle
| | - Kendall C Shibuya
- Western University of Health Sciences COMP-Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon
| | - Carrie D Patnode
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Portland, Oregon
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Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Caughey AB, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, Epling JW, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kubik M, Landefeld S, Mangione CM, Silverstein M, Simon MA, Tseng CW. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2018; 319:1134-1142. [PMID: 29558558 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Although invasive melanoma accounts for only 2% of all skin cancer cases, it is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the 2 predominant types of nonmelanoma skin cancer, represent the vast majority of skin cancer cases. OBJECTIVE To update the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on behavioral counseling for the primary prevention of skin cancer and the 2009 recommendation on screening for skin cancer with skin self-examination. EVIDENCE REVIEW The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on whether counseling patients about sun protection reduces intermediate outcomes (eg, sunburn or precursor skin lesions) or skin cancer; the link between counseling and behavior change, the link between behavior change and skin cancer incidence, and the harms of counseling or changes in sun protection behavior; and the link between counseling patients to perform skin self-examination and skin cancer outcomes, as well as the harms of skin self-examination. FINDINGS The USPSTF determined that behavioral counseling interventions are of moderate benefit in increasing sun protection behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults with fair skin types. The USPSTF found adequate evidence that behavioral counseling interventions result in a small increase in sun protection behaviors in adults older than 24 years with fair skin types. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on the benefits and harms of counseling adults about skin self-examination to prevent skin cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF recommends counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to UV radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer. (B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer counseling to adults older than 24 years with fair skin types about minimizing their exposure to UV radiation to reduce risk of skin cancer. Existing evidence indicates that the net benefit of counseling all adults older than 24 years is small. In determining whether this service is appropriate in individual cases, patients and clinicians should consider the presence of risk factors for skin cancer. (C recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of counseling adults about skin self-examination to prevent skin cancer. (I statement).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Douglas K Owens
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex H Krist
- Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chien-Wen Tseng
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Saintigny P, William WN, Foy JP, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Lang W, Zhang L, Fan YH, Feng L, Kim ES, El-Naggar AK, Lee JJ, Mao L, Hong WK, Lingen MW, Lippman SM. Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:4243526. [PMID: 29617836 PMCID: PMC5946820 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that gene expression profiles of oral leukoplakia (OL) may improve the prediction of oral cancer (OC) risk. To identify new targets for prevention, we performed a systematic survey of transcripts associated with an increased risk of oral cancer and overexpressed in OC vs normal mucosa (NM). Methods We used gene expression profiles of 86 patients with OL and available outcomes from a chemoprevention trial of OC and NM. MET expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 120 OL patients, and its association with OC development was tested in multivariable analysis. Sensitivity to pharmacological Met inhibition was tested invitro in premalignant and OC cell lines (n = 33) and invivo using the 4-NQO model of oral chemoprevention (n = 20 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results The overlap of 693 transcripts associated with an increased risk of OC with 163 transcripts overexpressed in OC compared with NM led to the identification of 23 overlapping transcripts, including MET. MET overexpression in OL was associated with a hazard ratio of 3.84 (95% confidence interval = 1.59 to 9.27, P = .003) of developing OC. Met activation was found in OC and preneoplastic cell lines. Crizotinib activity in preneoplastic and OC cell lines was comparable. ARQ 197 was more active in preneoplastic compared with OC cell lines. In the 4-NQO model, squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia, and hyperkeratosis were observed in 75.0%, 15.0%, and 10.0% in the control group, and in 25.0%, 70.0%, and 5.0% in the crizotinib group (P < .001). Conclusion Together, these data suggest that MET activation may represent an early driver in oral premalignancy and a target for chemoprevention of OC.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide/toxicity
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Crizotinib/pharmacology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genomics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Humans
- Leukoplakia, Oral/metabolism
- Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Mucosa/drug effects
- Mouth Mucosa/metabolism
- Mouth Mucosa/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Precancerous Conditions/prevention & control
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Quinolones/toxicity
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Saintigny
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - William N William
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jean-Philippe Foy
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Wenhua Lang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - You Hong Fan
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lei Feng
- Biostatistics, Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Edward S Kim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Biostatistics, Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Jack Lee
- Biostatistics, Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li Mao
- Oncology and Diagnostic Science, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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29
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Sharman SK, Islam BN, Hou Y, Singh N, Berger FG, Sridhar S, Yoo W, Browning DD. Cyclic-GMP-Elevating Agents Suppress Polyposis in ApcMin mice by Targeting the Preneoplastic Epithelium. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:81-92. [PMID: 29301746 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cGMP signaling axis has been implicated in the suppression of intestinal cancers, but the inhibitory mechanism and the extent to which this pathway can be targeted remains poorly understood. This study has tested the effect of cGMP-elevating agents on tumorigenesis in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of intestinal cancer. Treatment of ApcMin/+ mice with the receptor guanylyl-cyclase C (GCC) agonist linaclotide, or the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil, significantly reduced the number of polyps per mouse (67% and 50%, respectively). Neither of the drugs affected mean polyp size, or the rates of apoptosis and proliferation. This was possibly due to increased PDE10 expression, as endogenous GCC ligands were not deficient in established polyps. These results indicated that the ability of these drugs to reduce polyp multiplicity was primarily due to an effect on nonneoplastic tissues. In support of this idea, ApcMin/+ mice exhibited reduced levels of endogenous GCC agonists in the nonneoplastic intestinal mucosa compared with wild-type animals, and this was associated with crypt hyperplasia and a loss of goblet cells. Administration of either sildenafil or linaclotide suppressed proliferation, and increased both goblet cell numbers and luminal apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa. Taken together, the results demonstrate that targeting cGMP with either PDE5 inhibitors or GCC agonists alters epithelial homeostasis in a manner that reduces neoplasia, and suggests that this could be a viable chemoprevention strategy for patients at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 81-92. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Sharman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bianca N Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yali Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Franklin G Berger
- Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Subbaramiah Sridhar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Wonsuk Yoo
- Institute of Public and Preventative Health, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Darren D Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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30
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Strobel SL. Demodex as a Delivery Vector for Topical Targeted Medications in the Skin for Early Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2017; 47:604-605. [PMID: 29066489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential utilization of Demodex mites as delivery vectors for cytotoxic medications directed to early skin cancer is proposed. Potential benefits, proof of concept, and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Strobel
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent Mercy Medical Ctr, Toledo, OH, USA
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31
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Holme F, Kapambwe S, Nessa A, Basu P, Murillo R, Jeronimo J. Scaling up proven innovative cervical cancer screening strategies: Challenges and opportunities in implementation at the population level in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 138 Suppl 1:63-68. [PMID: 28691331 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The problem of cervical cancer in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) is both urgent and important, and calls for governments to move beyond pilot testing to population-based screening approaches as quickly as possible. Experiences from Zambia, Bangladesh, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, where scale-up of evidence-based screening strategies is taking place, may help other countries plan for large-scale implementation. These countries selected screening modalities recommended by the WHO that are within budgetary constraints, improve access for women, and reduce health system bottlenecks. In addition, some common elements such as political will and government investment have facilitated action in these diverse settings. There are several challenges for continued scale-up in these countries, including maintaining trained personnel, overcoming limited follow-up and treatment capacity, and implementing quality assurance measures. Countries considering scale-up should assess their readiness and conduct careful planning, taking into consideration potential obstacles. International organizations can catalyze action by helping governments overcome initial barriers to scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Kapambwe
- Ministry of Health of Zambia and Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ashrafun Nessa
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Raul Murillo
- Centro Javeriano de Oncologia, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
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32
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die neusten Erkenntnisse zu der Pathogenese des Zervixkarzinoms führten zu Anpassungen in der zytologischen und histologischen Nomenklatur seiner Vorstufen. Die aktuelle, 2014 eingeführte histologische WHO-Terminologie unterscheidet, analog zum zytologischen Bethesda-System, zwischen zwei histologischen Stufen der HPV-bedingten Veränderungen: LSIL und HSIL, die mit unterschiedlichen Risiken der Progredienz zum invasiven Karzinom einhergehen und klinisch entsprechend unterschiedlich gehandhabt werden sollen. Die immunhistochemische Detektion des p16-Proteins als Surrogat der neoplastischen Transformation der HPV-infizierten Zellen hilft, die rein mikroskopische Diagnose zu objektivieren und zu sichern, und ist ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel in der Histopathologie. Die Verfügbarkeit der HPV-Impfung und die HPV-Detektion werden in den kommenden Jahren die Abläufe in der Frühentdeckung und die Epidemiologie der Zervixkarzinom-Vorstufen beeinflussen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosmarie Caduff
- 1 Institut für Pathologie und Molakularpathologie, Universitätsspital Zürich
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33
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Abstract
Several important lessons have been learnt from our experiences in screening for various cancers. Screening programmes for cervical and colorectal cancers have had the greatest success, probably because these cancers are relatively homogenous, slow-growing, and have identifiable precursors that can be detected and removed; however, identifying the true obligate precursors of invasive disease remains a challenge. With regard to screening for breast cancer and for prostate cancer, which focus on early detection of invasive cancer, preferential detection of slower-growing, localized cancers has occurred, which has led to concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment; programmes for early detection of invasive lung cancers are emerging, and have faced similar challenges. A crucial consideration in screening for breast, prostate, and lung cancers is their remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from indolent to highly aggressive. Efforts have been made to address the limitations of cancer-screening programmes, providing an opportunity for cross-disciplinary learning and further advancement of the science. Current innovations are aimed at identifying the individuals who are most likely to benefit from screening, increasing the yield of consequential cancers on screening and biopsy, and using molecular tests to improve our understanding of disease biology and to tailor treatment. We discuss each of these concepts and outline a dynamic framework for continuous improvements in the field of cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwey Shieh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George F Sawaya
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - William C Black
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Barnett S Kramer
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Box 1710, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
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34
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Abstract
This review addresses the effectiveness and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, the current status of its introduction in the National Immunization Programmes (NIPs) and its relevance to India, which contributes a fifth of the global burden of cervical cancer. The vast literature on efficacy, acceptability and safety of HPV vaccination and its impact after population level introduction was reviewed and discussed. The efficacy of HPV vaccines in preventing high-grade precancerous lesions caused by vaccine-targeted HPV infections was 90 per cent or higher in HPV naοve women in randomized clinical trials. Two doses at 6 or 12 months apart are recommended for 9-14 yr old girls and three doses over six months to one year period for those aged above 15 yr. More than 80 countries or territories have introduced HPV vaccination in their NIPs, of which 33 are low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); in addition, 25 LMICs have introduced pilot programmes before a phased national expansion. Significant reductions in the frequency of HPV 16 and 18 infections, genital warts and cervical premalignant lesions in vaccinated cohorts and herd immunity in general populations have been reported from countries that introduced vaccination in NIPs as early as 2007. More than 280 million doses of HPV vaccines have been administered worldwide with the excellent safety profile with no serious adverse events linked to it. The high burden of cervical cancer and the high efficacy and safety of HPV vaccination justify its introduction in the Indian NIP at the earliest possibility to substantially reduce the cervical cancer burden in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan
- Screening Group, Early Detection and Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Partha Basu
- Screening Group, Early Detection and Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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35
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Matsuoka Y, Fukamachi K, Hamaguchi T, Toriyama-Baba H, Kawaguchi H, Kusunoki M, Yoshida H, Tsuda H. Rapid Emergence of Mammary Preneoplastic and Malignant Lesions in Human c-Ha-ras Proto-Oncogene Transgenic Rats: Possible Application for Screening of Chemopreventive Agents. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 31:632-7. [PMID: 14585731 DOI: 10.1080/01926230390241882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For comparison of mammary gland whole mounts with examination of 2 histologic sections of mammary gland, 56 Hras128 rats were intravenously injected with 50 mg/kg body weight of N-methyl- N-nitrosourea at 50 days of age and then sacrificed at days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 56. Comparison of detection sensitivity between the whole mounts and histologic sections revealed no lesions apparent in whole mounts on day 10, although intraductal proliferation was clearly detected in histologic sections in 44% of treated rats. Proliferative lesions were first detected in whole mounts at a 44% incidence on day 15, while intraductal proliferations and atypical hyperplasias were apparent in the sections at 89% and 44% incidences, respectively. On day 20, atypical hyperplasias and small adenocarcinomas in histologic sections were found in almost all animals. In conclusion, examination of 2 histologic sections from mammary tissues was found to be practical for detection of small malignant lesions as early as 15 days after MNU injection, and suppressive effects of soy isoflavones were clearly evident within 20 days after carcinogen exposure. These results suggest that this model has practical utility for short-term screening of chemopreventive agents for mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Matsuoka
- Experimental Pathology and Chemotherapy Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Stoian M, Stoica V, Radulian G. Colorectal Chemoprevention. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2016; 120:508-514. [PMID: 30044571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With over 1 million cases diagnosed worldwide each year - incidence which seems to rise with the progressive westernization of lifestyles in Asian and African populations - colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women. Colorectal neoplasms and/or pre-neoplasms can be prevented by interfering with the various steps of oncogenesis, which begins with uncontrolled epithelial cell replication, continues with the formation of adenomas and eventually evolves into malignancy. The knowledge described herein will help to reduce and prevent this malignancy, which is one of the most frequent neoplasms in some developed countries. Genetics, experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that colorectal cancer results from complex interactions between inherited susceptibility and environmental factors. Primary prevention involves the identification of genetic, biologic, and environmental factors that are etiologic or pathogenic in the development of cancer, and subsequent complete or significant interference with their effects on carcinogenesis.
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Furtado KS, de Oliveira Andrade F, Campos A, Rosim MP, Vargas-Mendez E, Henriques A, De Conti A, Scolastici C, Barbisan LF, Carvalho RF, Moreno FS. β-ionone modulates the expression of miRNAs and genes involved in the metastatic phenotype of microdissected persistent preneoplastic lesions in rats submitted to hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:184-196. [PMID: 27061051 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional gene expression regulators which expression is frequently altered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). β-ionone (βI) is noted for its ability to inhibit persistent preneoplastic lesions (pPNLs) in liver rats. We evaluated the expression of miRNAs involved in carcinogenesis and possible targets modulated by βI, in pPNLs and surrounding of microdissected tissues. Rats subjected to resistant hepatocyte model were treated during promotion stage with βI (16 mg/100 g body weight) or corn oil (CO; 0.25 mL/100 g body weight; controls). Five animals receive no treatment (NT). In CO group, 38 and 29 miRNAs showed reduced expression relative to NT (P < 0.05) in pPNLs and surrounding, respectively. No miRNAs showed increased expression in surrounding of the CO compared to NT group; however, 30 miRNAs showed increased expression (P ≤ 0.05) in pPNLs of the CO group. There was no difference between βI and CO groups (P > 0.05) in the expression of miRNAs in surrounding. In pPNLs βI increased expression of miR-122 and miR-34a (P ≤ 0.05) and reduced of Igf2 (P ≤ 0.05), target of the latter, compared to CO. Additionally, βI decreased the expression of miR-181c and its target Gdf2 (P ≤ 0.05). βI reduced the expression of miR-181b and miR-708 (P ≤ 0.05) and increased the expression of their respective target mRNAs Timp3 and Mtss1 (P ≤ 0.05), relative to CO group. Modulation of miRNAs target genes by βI was confirmed in vitro. βI is a promising chemopreventive agent in the initial stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, as it modulates the expression of the miRNAs and target genes that can alter the metastatic phenotype of HCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Silva Furtado
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábia de Oliveira Andrade
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Papaléo Rosim
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Programming, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Vargas-Mendez
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Henriques
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline De Conti
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Scolastici
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Barbisan
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemical Carcinogenesis, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Laboratory of Striated Muscle Biology, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Salvador Moreno
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Messadi DV, Sato K. Oral Cancer Chernoprevention: Current Status and Future Direction. J Calif Dent Assoc 2016; 44:101-111. [PMID: 26930753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to review the current status of cancer chemoprevention and its effectiveness in treatment of oral premalignant lesions and prevention of their progression to oral cancer. The challenges encountered in the different oral cancer chemoprevention clinical trials, including lack of surrogate endpoints, reversal of histologic premalignant changes as study endpoints, tobacco use, human papillomavirus, delivery system, adverse effects and risk of bias in clinical studies, are presented.
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Messadi DV. Oral Cancer: Novel Concepts for the Oral Health Care Practitioner. J Calif Dent Assoc 2016; 44:82-84. [PMID: 26930750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Abstract
The hallmarks of premalignant lesions were first described in the 1970s, a time when relatively little was known about the molecular underpinnings of cancer. Yet it was clear there must be opportunities to intervene early in carcinogenesis. A vast array of molecular information has since been uncovered, with much of this stemming from studies of existing cancer or cancer models. Here, examples of how an understanding of cancer biology has informed cancer prevention studies are highlighted and emerging areas that may have implications for the field of cancer prevention research are described. A note of caution accompanies these examples, in that while there are similarities, there are also fundamental differences between the biology of premalignant lesions or premalignant conditions and invasive cancer. These differences must be kept in mind, and indeed leveraged, when exploring potential cancer prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA..
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Liu KSH, Wong IOL, Leung WK. Helicobacter pylori associated gastric intestinal metaplasia: Treatment and surveillance. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1311-1320. [PMID: 26811668 PMCID: PMC4716041 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death in the world, particularly in East Asia. According to the Correa’s cancer cascade, non-cardia GC is usually developed through a series of mucosal changes from non-atrophic gastritis to atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Atrophic gastritis and IM are therefore generally considered to be pre-neoplastic gastric lesions. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an important initiating and promoting step of this gastric carcinogenesis cascade. Emerging long-term data showed that eradication of H. pylori reduced the risk of subsequent cancer development. It however remains confusing whether eradication of the bacterium in individuals with pre-neoplastic gastric lesions could regress these changes as well as in preventing cancer. Whilst H. pylori eradication could likely regress AG, the presence of IM may be a point of no return in this cascade. Hence, surveillance by endoscopy may be indicated in those with extensive IM or those with incomplete IM, particularly in populations with high GC risk. The optimal interval and the best tool of surveillance endoscopy remains to be determined in future studies.
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Reungpatthanaphong S, Chaiyasut C, Sirilun S, Suwannalert P. Unpolished Thai Rice Prevents Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation through the Invovement of ?catenin and COX2 Expression in AzoxymethaneTreated Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:3551-3558. [PMID: 27510008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, with chronic inflammation and diet as major causes in its development. Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary products have been the focus of studies for prevention over the past decade. This study was conducted to determine the effects of unpolished Thai rice during precancerous stage through the involvement of ?catenin, cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) expression and inflammatory cytokines focusing on azoxymethane (AOM)induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF)related to CRC. Male Sprague Dawley rats received two injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) at weeks 4 and 5 while rats were treated with 20% or 70% unpolished Thai rice. The rats were sacrificed at week 38 and the colons removed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) identification. Histopathologic changes, immunohistochemical analysis of ?catenin and COX2 expression, and cytokine expression of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory markers were determined. The administration of unpolished Thai rice significantly and dose dependently decreased the total number of ACF and the percentages of ACF with highgrade dysplasia. Interestingly, unpolished Thai rice suppressed the expression of βcatenin and COX2. In addition, it also altered proinflammatory (IL6 and IFNγ) and antiinflammatory (IL 10) markers. The results suggested that unpolished Thai rice may provide a promising dietary intake for prevention during precancerous stage of CRC development, through the involvement of βcatenin and COX2 expression, and also modulate inflammatory cytokinesrelated to CRC.
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Chen HN, Wang Z, Li X, Zhou ZG. Helicobacter pylori eradication cannot reduce the risk of gastric cancer in patients with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia: evidence from a meta-analysis. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:166-75. [PMID: 25609452 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on gastric cancer (GC) prevention is controversial. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) seems to be a "point of no return" in the precancerous cascade. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to illustrate this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library were searched for relevant RCTs that were published in any language up to March 2014. By dividing participants into subgroups based on their baseline diagnoses as group <IM (normal, non-atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis) and group ≥ IM(intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia), the relative risk (RR) of GC in each study compared treatment group with control group were pooled using Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model and publication bias analyses were performed. RESULTS Ten studies from eight RCTs were included in this analysis, for a total of 7,955 participants. H. pylori treatment compared with control significantly reduced the risk of GC, with a pooled RR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.48-0.85). Subgroup analysis for patients with non-atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis (<IM) yielded a similar results (RR = 0.25, 95% CI, 0.08-0.81). But this difference was not observed in patients with intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia (≥ IM) (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.59-1.31). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that patients with Intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia could not benefit from the H. pylori treatment on the risk of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Institution of Interventional Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institution of Interventional Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Pretty I. The Seattle Care Pathway: Defining Dental Care for Older Adults. J Calif Dent Assoc 2015; 43:429-437. [PMID: 26357813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well-recognized that the demographic shift in the population will result in a larger proportion of older adults and those adults will live longer than ever before. There is, therefore, a need to ensure dental services recognize this transition and plan for the management of older adults in primary care dental practices. This article describes the evidence for, and the details of, the Seattle Care Pathway to ensure older adults receive optimum dental care.
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Taketa Y, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Sakamoto Y, Watanabe G, Taya K, Yoshida M. Effects of sulpiride and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether on endometrial carcinogenicity in Donryu rats. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:769-76. [PMID: 26178146 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sulpiride and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) are known ovarian toxicants that stimulate prolactin (PRL) secretion, resulting in hypertrophy of the corpora lutea and increased progesterone (P4) production. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how the PRL stimulatory agents affected uterine carcinogenesis and to clarify the effects of PRL on endometrial adenocarcinoma progression in rats. Ten-week-old female Donryu rats were treated once with N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (20 mg kg(-1) ), followed by treatment with sulpiride (200 ppm) or EGME (1250 ppm) from 11 weeks of age to 12 months of age. Sulpiride treatment inhibited the incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, whereas EGME had no effect on uterine carcinogenesis. Sulpiride markedly prevented the onset of persistent estrus throughout the study period, and EGME delayed and inhibited the onset of persistent estrus. Moreover, sulpiride-treated animals showed high PRL and P4 serum levels without changes in the levels of estradiol-17β, low uterine weights and histological luteal cell hypertrophy. EGME did not affect serum PRL and P4 levels. These results suggest that the prolonged low estradiol-17β to P4 ratio accompanied by persistent estrous cycle abnormalities secondary to the luteal stimulatory effects of PRL may explain the inhibitory effects of sulpiride on uterine carcinogenesis in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Taketa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Global Drug Safety, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Eisai Product Creation Systems, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inoue
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Takahashi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Sakamoto
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The multistage model of mouse skin tumorigenesis has been extremely useful for studying various factors that modify the carcinogenic process. Using this model system one can specifically study the effects of potential modifiers on both the initiation and the promotion stages independently. Studies have been performed on many exogenous compounds that have the capacity to inhibit (and in some cases enhance) the initiation phase by either: (i) alteration of the metabolism of the carcinogen (decreased activation and/or increased detoxification); (ii) scavenging of active molecular species of carcinogens to prevent their reaching critical target sites in the cells; (iii) competitive inhibition; or (iv) modulation of epidermal DNA synthesis. In addition, there have been a number of studies on compounds that either inhibit (or again in some cases enhance) promotion of skin carcinogenesis by (i) altering the state of differentiation; (ii) inhibiting the promoter-induced cellular proliferation; (iii) preventing gene activation by promoters; or (iv) scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have also begun to unravel the nature of the tumor progression process of skin carcinogenesis. Many factors can modulate tumor progression including: (i) subsequent exposure to genotoxic agents; (ii) dose, duration and frequency of promoter treatment, (iii) chemical nature of the promoting agent. The multistage model of skin tumorigenesis has also begun to provide insight into the role of specific dietary, immunologic, and genetic factors involved in chemical carcinogenesis. It is believed that further study of all of these factors will greatly enhance our understanding of the process of chemical carcinogenesis in epithelial tissues in general as well as the process of skin carcinogenesis specifically. Finally, a greater understanding of those factors modifying skin tumorigenesis in mice will provide valuable information on the further development of early detection and prevention strategies for chemical carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J DiGiovanni
- Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville
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Pereira ER, Speck NMDG, Rodrigues DA, De Freitas VG, Ribalta JCL. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer precursor lesions at the Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:376-382. [PMID: 26390686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical cancer precursor lesions at the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX) from 2005 to 2006. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational, transversal study. The research sample consisted of 503 sexually active women aged 12 years and older. The research was performed in three stages: screening, colposcopy, and surgical treatment by large loop excision of the transformation zone. RESULTS The cytopathological screening coverage was of 99.6%. The rate of cytologic atypia was 11.7%. Together, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) were observed in 4.6% of the women. The cytological examination returned a sensitivity of 54%, specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 83%. In the anatomopathological examinations of biopsies, the rate of HSILs was 30.2%. The sensitivity of the anatomopathological examination of biopsies was 72.2%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 44.4%. CONCLUSIONS Viable strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating cervical cancer precursor lesions in women from the PIX include increasing annual coverage of cytopathological examinations, early detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions, and treatment and follow-up of detected cases.
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Borycka-Kiciak K, Białas A, Wejman J, Uchman-Musielak M, Tarnowski W. Perianal infection of highly oncogenic human papilloma virus: how to prevent from cancer? Case report. Wiad Lek 2015; 68:215-217. [PMID: 26181161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of oncogenic types of human papilloma virus (HPV) in location of the anus is related to anal carcinoma. However, there is little knowledge about the natural history of such infections in patients outside risk groups, its relation to cervical cancer, the risk of anal cancer development as well as any way to prevent it. There are no standard procedures in the case of finding of HPV-associated anal intraepithelial neoplasia in the perianal area. Case report describes an incidental finding of a highly oncogenic type of HPV discovered in a histopathological assessment of a 48-year old woman after a haemorrhoidectomy. This paper presents the approach taken for this patient in terms of diagnosis, treatment and methods of prevention of anal and cervical cancer development.
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Abstract
Oral administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day of 4,4-dimethoxy-5,6,5', 6'-dimethylene-dioxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2'-carbonyl biphenyl, Bicyclol, inhibited rat hepatic preneoplastic lesions induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Bicyclol reduced densities of number and area of gamma-glutamyltransferase positive foci, indexes for neoplastic hyperplasia; and also suppressed protein expressions for glutathione S transferase P isoform (GST-P) and alpha-fetal protein and mRNA for N-ras, c-myc and PKCalpha genes. With increases of total microsomal P450 and specific CYP2B1 activities in normal rat liver, Bicyclol enhanced particularly the denitrosation of DEN, a low toxic pathway of metabolism. There is a minor effect of Bicyclol on the deethylation of DEN to produce highly mutagenic metabolites. These results suggest that Bicyclol exists the ability of protecting hepatocytes from the mutagenicity of DEN. Such hypothesis was validated by the observation that Bicyclol inhibited DEN-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis, a DNA damage index, in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. More, in virto Bicyclol inhibited two-stages transformation of mice fibroblastic Balb/c 3T3 cells induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), and blocked the anchorage-independent growth of transformed cells in soft agar. Bicyclol also suppressed TPA-stimulated Balb/c 3T3 cell proliferation in both cell number and 3H-thymidine incorporation. Dot blot indicated that Bicyclol inhibited mRNA expressions of H-ras, c-myc and PKCalpha genes by TPA-stimulation. These data demonstrate that Bicyclol prevents carcinogens-induced animal neoplasm and cell malignant transformation via mechanisms at stages of initiation and promotion. It substantiates those evidences that Bicyclol would be used as potential a chemopreventive agent for hepatocarcinogenesis along with its major therapy against chronic anti-hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA.
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HPV vaccine backed to prevent cancer. Nurs Times 2014; 110:4. [PMID: 25087432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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