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Verbeek J, Vrij C, Vermeersch P, Van Elslande J, Vets S, Lagrou K, Vos R, van Cleemput J, Jochmans I, Monbaliu D, Pirenne J, Kuypers D, Nevens F. Liver or Kidney Transplantation After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Prevalence, Short-term Outcome, and Kinetics of Serum IgG Antibodies. Transplantation 2022; 106:862-868. [PMID: 34534192 PMCID: PMC8942599 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on the prevalence, adequate timing, and outcome of solid organ transplantation after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the kinetics of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in these patients. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 antinucleocapsid (N) IgG and polymerase chain reaction via a nasopharyngeal swab were analyzed in all patients within 24 h before liver or kidney transplantation. Kinetics of IgG antibodies were analyzed and compared with an immunocompetent cohort. RESULTS Between May 1, 2020, and March 18, 2021, 168 patients underwent liver or kidney transplantation in our center, of which 11 (6.54%) patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified. The median interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and transplantation was 4.5 mo (range, 0.9-11). After a median posttransplant follow-up of 4.9 mo, 10 out of 11 patients were alive without clinical signs of viral shedding or recurrent or active infection. One patient without symptom resolution at time of transplantation died after combined liver-kidney transplantation. In 9 out of 11 patients with previously polymerase chain reaction-confirmed infection, SARS-CoV-2 anti-N and antispike (S) IgG were detectable at day of transplantation. Absolute levels of anti-N and anti-S IgG were positively correlated, declined over time in all patients, and were significantly lower compared with immunocompetent individuals. All patients remained anti-S IgG positive until the last posttransplant follow-up, whereas 3 patients became anti-N negative. CONCLUSIONS We observed an uncomplicated course of liver or kidney transplantation after SARS-CoV-2 infection in selected patients. Although having lower absolute IgG antibody levels than immunocompetent individuals, all seroconverted patients remained anti-S IgG positive. These encouraging data need validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Verbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Casper Vrij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Elslande
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vets
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Transplantation Research Group, Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan van Cleemput
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Transplantation Research Group, Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Transplantation Research Group, Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Transplantation Research Group, Lab of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Desimmie BA, Humbert M, Lescrinier E, Hendrix J, Vets S, Gijsbers R, Ruprecht RM, Dietrich U, Debyser Z, Christ F. Phage Display-Directed Discovery of LEDGF/p75 Binding Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of HIV Replication. Mol Ther 2021; 29:887. [PMID: 33385332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Schrijvers R, Rijck JD, Demeulemeester J, Adachi N, Vets S, Ronen K, Christ F, Bushman FD, Debyser Z, Gijsbers R. Correction: LEDGF/p75-Independent HIV-1 Replication Demonstrates a Role for HRP-2 and Remains Sensitive to Inhibition by LEDGINs. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008894. [PMID: 32870932 PMCID: PMC7462256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Desimmie BA, Weydert C, Schrijvers R, Vets S, Demeulemeester J, Proost P, Paron I, De Rijck J, Mast J, Bannert N, Gijsbers R, Christ F, Debyser Z. Correction to: HIV-1 IN/Pol recruits LEDGF/p75 into viral particles. Retrovirology 2020; 17:23. [PMID: 32727480 PMCID: PMC7388445 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belete Ayele Desimmie
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium.,Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Weydert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vets
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Igor Paron
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for HIV and Retrovirology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Frauke Christ
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium.
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Desimmie BA, Schrijvers R, Demeulemeester J, Borrenberghs D, Weydert C, Thys W, Vets S, Van Remoortel B, Hofkens J, De Rijck J, Hendrix J, Bannert N, Gijsbers R, Christ F, Debyser Z. Correction to: LEDGINs inhibit late stage HIV-1 replication by modulating integrase multimerization in the virions. Retrovirology 2020; 17:22. [PMID: 32727499 PMCID: PMC7389342 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belete Ayele Desimmie
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Doortje Borrenberghs
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Caroline Weydert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Wannes Thys
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vets
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Barbara Van Remoortel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Centre for HIV and Retrovirology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Frauke Christ
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Louvain, Flanders, Belgium.
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Madlala P, Van de Velde P, Van Remoortel B, Vets S, Van Wijngaerden E, Van Laethem K, Gijsbers R, Schrijvers R, Debyser Z. Analysis of ex vivo HIV-1 infection in a controller-discordant couple. J Virus Erad 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Madlala P, Van de Velde P, Van Remoortel B, Vets S, Van Wijngaerden E, Van Laethem K, Gijsbers R, Schrijvers R, Debyser Z. Analysis of ex vivo HIV-1 infection in a controller-discordant couple. J Virus Erad 2018; 4:170-173. [PMID: 30050679 PMCID: PMC6038135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elite controllers (EC) are a rare group of individuals living with HIV-1 who naturally control HIV-1 replication to levels below the limit of detection without antiretroviral therapy (ART) and rarely progress to AIDS. The mechanisms contributing to this control remain incompletely elucidated. In the present study, we have assessed whether cellular host factors could modulate HIV-1 replication post-entry in a controller-discordant couple living with HIV-1. METHODS CD4 T cells from a controller-discordant couple, one partner being an EC and the other an HIV-1 progressor (PR), and healthy controls (HC) were isolated, activated and infected with VSV-G pseudotyped yellow fluorescent protein-encoding single-round HIV-1 virus (HIV-YFP). Viral reverse transcripts, 2-LTR circles and integrated proviral HIV-1 DNA were monitored by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and integration sites were analysed. We further measured LEDGF/p75 and p21 mRNA expression levels by qPCR. RESULTS Infection of activated CD4 T cells with HIV-YFP was reduced in EC compared with the PR partner, and HC. Evaluation of viral DNA forms suggested a block after entry and during the early steps of HIV-1 reverse transcription in EC. The integration site distribution pattern in EC, PR and HC was similar. The p21 expression in CD4 T cells of EC was elevated compared with the PR or HC, in line with previous work. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a reduced permissiveness to HIV-1 infection of CD4 T cells from EC due to a block of HIV-1 replication after entry and before integration that might contribute to the EC phenotype in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Van Remoortel
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences,
KU Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Sofie Vets
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences,
KU Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Eric Van Wijngaerden
- Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
KU Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Kristel Van Laethem
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
KU Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
KU Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
KU Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences,
KU Leuven,
Belgium,Corresponding author: Zeger Debyser,
Kapucijnenvoer 33 VCTB+5, B-3000 Leuven,
Flanders,
Belgium
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Gijsbers R, Vets S, De Rijck J, Ocwieja KE, Ronen K, Malani N, Bushman FD, Debyser Z. Withdrawal: Role of the PWWP domain of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 cofactor in lentiviral integration targeting. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:114. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.w117.001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Desimmie BA, Weydert C, Schrijvers R, Vets S, Demeulemeester J, Proost P, Paron I, De Rijck J, Mast J, Bannert N, Gijsbers R, Christ F, Debyser Z. HIV-1 IN/Pol recruits LEDGF/p75 into viral particles. Retrovirology 2015; 12:16. [PMID: 25809198 PMCID: PMC4357141 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-014-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dynamic interaction between HIV and its host governs the replication of the virus and the study of the virus-host interplay is key to understand the viral lifecycle. The host factor lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) tethers the HIV preintegration complex to the chromatin through a direct interaction with integrase (IN). Small molecules that bind the LEDGF/p75 binding pocket of the HIV IN dimer (LEDGINs) block HIV replication through a multimodal mechanism impacting early and late stage replication including HIV maturation. Furthermore, LEDGF/p75 has been identified as a Pol interaction partner. This raised the question whether LEDGF/p75 besides acting as a molecular tether in the target cell, also affects late steps of HIV replication. Results LEDGF/p75 is recruited into HIV-1 particles through direct interaction with the viral IN (or Pol polyprotein) and is a substrate for HIV-1 protease. Incubation in the presence of HIV-1 protease inhibitors resulted in detection of full-length LEDGF/p75 in purified viral particles. We also demonstrate that inhibition of LEDGF/p75-IN interaction by specific mutants or LEDGINs precludes incorporation of LEDGF/p75 in virions, underscoring the specificity of the uptake. LEDGF/p75 depletion did however not result in altered LEDGIN potency. Conclusion Together, these results provide evidence for an IN/Pol mediated uptake of LEDGF/p75 in viral particles and a specific cleavage by HIV protease. Understanding of the possible role of LEDGF/p75 or its cleavage fragments in the viral particle awaits further experimentation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0134-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Demeulemeester J, Vets S, Schrijvers R, Madlala P, De Maeyer M, De Rijck J, Ndung'u T, Debyser Z, Gijsbers R. HIV-1 integrase variants retarget viral integration and are associated with disease progression in a chronic infection cohort. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:651-62. [PMID: 25525795 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Distinct integration patterns of different retroviruses, including HIV-1, have puzzled virologists for over 20 years. A tetramer of the viral integrase (IN) assembles on the two viral cDNA ends, docks onto the target DNA (tDNA), and catalyzes viral genome insertion into the host chromatin. We identified the amino acids in HIV-1 IN that directly contact tDNA bases and affect local integration site sequence selection. These residues also determine the propensity of the virus to integrate into flexible tDNA sequences. Remarkably, natural polymorphisms INS119G and INR231G retarget viral integration away from gene-dense regions. Precisely these variants were associated with rapid disease progression in a chronic HIV-1 subtype C infection cohort. These findings link integration site selection to virulence and viral evolution, but also to the host immune response and antiretroviral therapy, since HIV-1 IN119 is under selection by HLA alleles and integrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Demeulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vets
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paradise Madlala
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 Durban, South Africa
| | - Marc De Maeyer
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 Durban, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4013 Durban, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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De Rijck J, de Kogel C, Demeulemeester J, Vets S, El Ashkar S, Malani N, Bushman FD, Landuyt B, Husson SJ, Busschots K, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z. The BET family of proteins targets moloney murine leukemia virus integration near transcription start sites. Cell Rep 2013; 5:886-94. [PMID: 24183673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of retroviral replication is integration of the viral genome into host cell DNA. This characteristic makes retrovirus-based vectors attractive delivery vehicles for gene therapy. However, adverse events in gene therapeutic trials, caused by activation of proto-oncogenes due to murine leukemia virus (MLV)-derived vector integration, hamper their application. Here, we show that bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4) and MLV integrase specifically interact and colocalize within the nucleus of the cell. Inhibition of the BET proteins' chromatin interaction via specific bromodomain inhibitors blocks MLV virus replication at the integration step. MLV integration site distribution parallels the chromatin binding profile of BET proteins, and expression of an artificial fusion protein of the BET integrase binding domain with the chromatin interaction domain of the lentiviral targeting factor LEDGF/p75 retargets MLV integration away from transcription start sites and into the body of actively transcribed genes, conforming to the HIV integration pattern. Together, these data validate BET proteins as MLV integration targeting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan De Rijck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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De Riick J, de Kogel C, Demeulemeester J, Vets S, Malani N, Bushman FD, Busschots K, Husson S, Gijsbers R, Debyser Z. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins target Moloney murine leukemia virus integration to transcription start sites. Retrovirology 2013. [PMCID: PMC3848119 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-s1-o20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Desimmie BA, Schrijvers R, Demeulemeester J, Borrenberghs D, Weydert C, Thys W, Vets S, Van Remoortel B, Hofkens J, De Rijck J, Hendrix J, Bannert N, Gijsbers R, Christ F, Debyser Z. LEDGINs inhibit late stage HIV-1 replication by modulating integrase multimerization in the virions. Retrovirology 2013; 10:57. [PMID: 23721378 PMCID: PMC3671127 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LEDGINs are novel allosteric HIV integrase (IN) inhibitors that target the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 binding pocket of IN. They block HIV-1 integration by abrogating the interaction between LEDGF/p75 and IN as well as by allosterically inhibiting the catalytic activity of IN. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that LEDGINs reduce the replication capacity of HIV particles produced in their presence. We systematically studied the molecular basis of this late effect of LEDGINs and demonstrate that HIV virions produced in their presence display a severe replication defect. Both the late effect and the previously described, early effect on integration contribute to LEDGIN antiviral activity as shown by time-of-addition, qPCR and infectivity assays. The late effect phenotype requires binding of LEDGINs to integrase without influencing proteolytic cleavage or production of viral particles. LEDGINs augment IN multimerization during virion assembly or in the released viral particles and severely hamper the infectivity of progeny virions. About 70% of the particles produced in LEDGIN-treated cells do not form a core or display aberrant empty cores with a mislocalized electron-dense ribonucleoprotein. The LEDGIN-treated virus displays defective reverse transcription and nuclear import steps in the target cells. The LEDGIN effect is possibly exerted at the level of the Pol precursor polyprotein. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LEDGINs modulate IN multimerization in progeny virions and impair the formation of regular cores during the maturation step, resulting in a decreased infectivity of the viral particles in the target cells. LEDGINs thus profile as unique antivirals with combined early (integration) and late (IN assembly) effects on the HIV replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Ayele Desimmie
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Doortje Borrenberghs
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, Flanders, 3001, Belgium
| | - Caroline Weydert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Wannes Thys
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vets
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Barbara Van Remoortel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, Flanders, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, Flanders, 3001, Belgium
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for HIV and Retrovirology, Nordufer 20, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Frauke Christ
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven, Flanders, 3000, Belgium
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Vets S, De Rijck J, Brendel C, Grez M, Bushman F, Debyser Z, Gijsbers R. Transient Expression of an LEDGF/p75 Chimera Retargets Lentivector Integration and Functionally Rescues in a Model for X-CGD. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2013; 2:e77. [PMID: 23462964 PMCID: PMC3615818 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retrovirus-based vectors are commonly used as delivery vehicles to correct genetic diseases because of their ability to integrate new sequences stably. However, adverse events in which vector integration activates proto-oncogenes, leading to clonal expansion and leukemogenesis hamper their application. The host cell-encoded lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) binds lentiviral integrase and targets integration to active transcription units. We demonstrated earlier that replacing the LEDGF/p75 chromatin interaction domain with an alternative DNA-binding protein could retarget integration. Here, we show that transient expression of the chimeric protein using mRNA electroporation efficiently redirects lentiviral vector (LV) integration in wild-type (WT) cells. We then employed this technology in a model for X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) using myelomonocytic PLB-985 gp91−/− cells. Following electroporation with mRNA encoding the LEDGF-chimera, the cells were treated with a therapeutic lentivector encoding gp91phox. Integration site analysis revealed retargeted integration away from genes and towards heterochromatin-binding protein 1β (CBX1)-binding sites, in regions enriched in marks associated with gene silencing. Nevertheless, gp91phox expression was stable for at least 6 months after electroporation and NADPH-oxidase activity was restored to normal levels as determined by superoxide production. Together, these data provide proof-of-principle that transient expression of engineered LEDGF-chimera can retarget lentivector integration and rescues the disease phenotype in a cell model, opening perspectives for safer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vets
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Schrijvers R, Vets S, De Rijck J, Malani N, Bushman FD, Debyser Z, Gijsbers R. HRP-2 determines HIV-1 integration site selection in LEDGF/p75 depleted cells. Retrovirology 2012; 9:84. [PMID: 23046603 PMCID: PMC3485173 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lens epithelium–derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a cellular co-factor of HIV-1 integrase (IN) that tethers the viral pre-integration complex to the host cell chromatin and determines the genome wide integration site distribution pattern of HIV-1. Recently, we demonstrated that HIV-1 replication was reduced in LEDGF/p75 knockout (KO) cells. LEDGF/p75 KO significantly altered the integration site preference of HIV-1, but the pattern remained distinct from a computationally generated matched random control set (MRC), suggesting the presence of an alternative tethering factor. We previously identified Hepatoma-derived growth factor related protein 2 (HRP-2) as a factor mediating LEDGF/p75-independent HIV-1 replication. However, the role of HRP-2 in HIV-1 integration site selection was not addressed. Findings We studied the HIV-1 integration site distribution in the presence and absence of LEDGF/p75 and/or HRP-2, and in LEDGF/p75-depleted cells that overexpress HRP-2. We show that HRP-2 functions as a co-factor of HIV-1 IN in LEDGF/p75-depleted cells. Endogenous HRP-2 only weakly supported HIV-1 replication in LEDGF/p75 depleted cells. However, HRP-2 overexpression rescued HIV-1 replication and restored integration in RefSeq genes to wild-type levels. Additional HRP-2 KD in LEDGF/p75-depleted cells reduces integration frequency in transcription units and shifts the integration distribution towards random. Conclusions We demonstrate that HRP-2 overexpression can compensate for the absence of LEDGF/p75 and indicate that the residual bias in integration targeting observed in the absence of LEDGF/p75 can be ascribed to HRP-2. Knockdown of HRP-2 upon LEDGF/p75 depletion results in a more random HIV-1 integration pattern. These data therefore reinforce the understanding that LEDGF/p75 is the dominant HIV-1 IN co-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Schrijvers
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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16
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Gijsbers R, Vets S, De Rijck J, Ocwieja KE, Ronen K, Malani N, Bushman FD, Debyser Z. Role of the PWWP domain of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 cofactor in lentiviral integration targeting. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41812-41826. [PMID: 21987578 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.255711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
LEDGF/p75 is a chromatin-interacting, cellular cofactor of HIV integrase that dictates lentiviral integration site preference. In this study we determined the role of the PWWP domain of LEDGF/p75 in tethering and targeting of the lentiviral pre-integration complex, employing potent knockdown cell lines allowing analysis in the absence of endogenous LEDGF/p75. Deletion of the PWWP domain resulted in a diffuse subnuclear distribution pattern, loss of interaction with condensed chromatin, and failure to rescue proviral integration, integration site distribution, and productive virus replication. Substitution of the PWWP domain of LEDGF/p75 with that of hepatoma-derived growth factor or HDGF-related protein-2 rescued viral replication and lentiviral integration site distribution in LEDGF/p75-depleted cells. Replacing all chromatin binding elements of LEDGF/p75 with full-length hepatoma-derived growth factor resulted in more integration in genes combined with a preference for CpG islands. In addition, we showed that any PWWP domain targets SMYD1-like sequences. Analysis of integration preferences of lentiviral vectors for epigenetic marks indicates that the PWWP domain is critical for interactions specifying the relationship of integration sites to regions enriched in specific histone post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Gijsbers
- Division of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Vets
- Division of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Rijck
- Division of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen E Ocwieja
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Keshet Ronen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Nirav Malani
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Division of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Ibrahimi A, Velde GV, Reumers V, Toelen J, Thiry I, Vandeputte C, Vets S, Deroose C, Bormans G, Baekelandt V, Debyser Z, Gijsbers R. Highly Efficient Multicistronic Lentiviral Vectors with Peptide 2A Sequences. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:845-60. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Ibrahimi
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Reumers
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Irina Thiry
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vandeputte
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vets
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deroose
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Present address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Radiopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kortrijk, B-8500 Kortrijk, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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18
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Toelen J, Deroose CM, Gijsbers R, Reumers V, Sbragia LN, Vets S, Chitneni SK, Bormans G, Mortelmans L, Deprest JA, Debyser Z. Fetal gene transfer with lentiviral vectors: long-term in vivo follow-up evaluation in a rat model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:352.e1-6. [PMID: 17403419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term expression of a transgene and subsequent immune response after the injection of lentiviral vectors in a fetal rats. STUDY DESIGN Fetal rats were injected in the liver, peritoneal cavity, or lung at E19 (term, E21) with a lentiviral vector expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and luciferase. Controls received saline solution. After birth, full body bioluminescence was done at weeks 1, 4, 10, and 30 of life; seroconversion for the transgene was assessed. RESULTS All surviving fetuses that had been injected in the liver (8/9 fetuses), peritoneum (3/3 fetuses), or lung (9/10 fetuses) showed a signal on bioluminescence imaging scan up to 30 weeks. None of the survivors displayed seroconversion against the transgene. CONCLUSION In the rat model, the administration of lentiviral vectors into the fetal lung and liver resulted in long-term transgene expression without detectable humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaan Toelen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Belgium
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