1
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Solhjoo S, Haigney MC, Siddharthan T, Koch A, Punjabi NM. Sleep-Disordered Breathing Destabilizes Ventricular Repolarization. medRxiv 2024:2023.02.10.23285789. [PMID: 36824787 PMCID: PMC9949208 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.23285789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Objectives To characterize the associations between SDB, intermittent hypoxemia, and the beat-to-beat QT variability index (QTVI), a measure of ventricular repolarization lability associated with a higher risk for cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and mortality. Methods Three distinct cohorts were used for the current study. The first cohort, used for cross-sectional analysis, was a matched sample of 122 participants with and without severe SDB. The second cohort, used for longitudinal analysis, consisted of a matched sample of 52 participants with and without incident SDB. The cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts were selected from the Sleep Heart Health Study participants. The third cohort comprised 19 healthy adults exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia and ambient air on two separate days. Electrocardiographic measures were calculated from one-lead electrocardiograms. Results Compared to those without SDB, participants with severe SDB had greater QTVI (-1.19 in participants with severe SDB vs. -1.43 in participants without SDB, P = 0.027), heart rate (68.34 vs. 64.92 beats/minute; P = 0.028), and hypoxemia burden during sleep as assessed by the total sleep time with oxygen saturation less than 90% (TST90; 11.39% vs. 1.32%, P < 0.001). TST90, but not the frequency of arousals, was a predictor of QTVI. QTVI during sleep was predictive of all-cause mortality. With incident SDB, mean QTVI increased from -1.23 to -0.86 over 5 years (P = 0.017). Finally, exposing healthy adults to acute intermittent hypoxia for four hours progressively increased QTVI (from -1.85 at baseline to -1.64 after four hours of intermittent hypoxia; P = 0.016). Conclusions Prevalent and incident SDB are associated with ventricular repolarization instability, which predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Intermittent hypoxemia destabilizes ventricular repolarization and may contribute to increased mortality in SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark C. Haigney
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Abigail Koch
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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2
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Ranzenhofer LM, Solhjoo S, Crosby RD, Kim BH, Korn R, Koorathota S, Lloyd EC, Walsh BT, Haigney MC. Autonomic indices and loss-of-control eating in adolescents: an ecological momentary assessment study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4742-4750. [PMID: 35920245 PMCID: PMC10336770 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-control (LOC) eating commonly develops during adolescence, and it predicts full-syndrome eating disorders and excess weight gain. Although negative emotions and emotion dysregulation are hypothesized to precede and predict LOC eating, they are rarely examined outside the self-report domain. Autonomic indices, including heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), may provide information about stress and capacity for emotion regulation in response to stress. METHODS We studied whether autonomic indices predict LOC eating in real-time in adolescents with LOC eating and body mass index (BMI) ⩾70th percentile. Twenty-four adolescents aged 12-18 (67% female; BMI percentile mean ± standard deviation = 92.6 ± 9.4) who reported at least twice-monthly LOC episodes wore biosensors to monitor HR, HRV, and physical activity for 1 week. They reported their degree of LOC after all eating episodes on a visual analog scale (0-100) using a smartphone. RESULTS Adjusting for physical activity and time of day, higher HR and lower HRV predicted higher self-reported LOC after eating. Parsing between- and within-subjects effects, there was a significant, positive, within-subjects association between pre-meal HR and post-meal LOC rating. However, there was no significant within-subjects effect for HRV, nor were there between-subjects effects for either electrophysiologic variable. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that autonomic indices may either be a marker of risk for subsequent LOC eating or contribute to LOC eating. Linking physiological markers with behavior in the natural environment can improve knowledge of illness mechanisms and provide new avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Ranzenhofer
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soroosh Solhjoo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Brittany H Kim
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Korn
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - E Caitlin Lloyd
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Timothy Walsh
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark C Haigney
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Ashok D, Papanicolaou K, Sidor A, Wang M, Solhjoo S, Liu T, O'Rourke B. Mitochondrial membrane potential instability on reperfusion after ischemia does not depend on mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104708. [PMID: 37061004 PMCID: PMC10206190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologic Ca2+ entry via the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) participates in energetic adaption to workload but may also contribute to cell death during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The MCU has been identified as the primary mode of Ca2+ import into mitochondria. Several groups have tested the hypothesis that Ca2+ import via MCU is detrimental during I/R injury using genetically-engineered mouse models, yet the results from these studies are inconclusive. Furthermore, mitochondria exhibit unstable or oscillatory membrane potentials (ΔΨm) when subjected to stress, such as during I/R, but it is unclear if the primary trigger is an excess influx of mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, or other factors. Here, we critically examine whether MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake during I/R is involved in ΔΨm instability, or sustained mitochondrial depolarization, during reperfusion by acutely knocking out MCU in neonatal mouse ventricular myocyte (NMVM) monolayers subjected to simulated I/R. Unexpectedly, we find that MCU knockout does not significantly alter mCa2+ import during I/R, nor does it affect ΔΨm recovery during reperfusion. In contrast, blocking the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (mNCE) suppressed the mCa2+ increase during Ischemia but did not affect ΔΨm recovery or the frequency of ΔΨm oscillations during reperfusion, indicating that mitochondrial ΔΨm instability on reperfusion is not triggered by mCa2+. Interestingly, inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport or supplementation with antioxidants stabilized I/R-induced ΔΨm oscillations. The findings are consistent with mCa2+ overload being mediated by reverse-mode mNCE activity and supporting ROS-induced ROS release as the primary trigger of ΔΨm instability during reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Ashok
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyriakos Papanicolaou
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnieszka Sidor
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Wang
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Soroosh Solhjoo
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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4
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Solhjoo S, Liu T, Sidor A, Lee DI, O'Rourke B, Steenbergen C. Oxidative stress in the mitochondrial matrix underlies ischemia/reperfusion-induced mitochondrial instability. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102780. [PMID: 36496071 PMCID: PMC9852550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion affect multiple elements of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology, especially within the mitochondria. We previously showed that in cardiac monolayers, upon reperfusion after coverslip-induced ischemia, mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨ) unstably oscillates between polarized and depolarized states, and ΔΨ instability corresponds with arrhythmias. Here, through confocal microscopy of compartment-specific molecular probes, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the postischemic ΔΨ oscillations, focusing on the role of Ca2+ and oxidative stress. During reperfusion, transient ΔΨ depolarizations occurred concurrently with periods of increased mitochondrial oxidative stress (5.07 ± 1.71 oscillations/15 min, N = 100). Supplementing the antioxidant system with GSH monoethyl ester suppressed ΔΨ oscillations (1.84 ± 1.07 oscillations/15 min, N = 119, t test p = 0.027) with 37% of mitochondrial clusters showing no ΔΨ oscillations (versus 4% in control, odds ratio = 14.08, Fisher's exact test p < 0.001). We found that limiting the production of reactive oxygen species using cyanide inhibited postischemic ΔΨ oscillations (N = 15, t test p < 10-5). Furthermore, ΔΨ oscillations were not associated with any discernable pattern in cell-wide oxidative stress or with the changes in cytosolic or mitochondrial Ca2+. Sustained ΔΨ depolarization followed cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ increase and was associated with increased cell-wide oxidative stress. Collectively, these findings suggest that transient bouts of increased mitochondrial oxidative stress underlie postischemic ΔΨ oscillations, regardless of Ca2+ dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ting Liu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnieszka Sidor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong I Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Wicken C, Walia A, Solhjoo S, Mark K. Prevalence of cannabis use disorder among pregnant people who test positive for cannabis at time of delivery. AJOG Global Reports 2022; 2:100095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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6
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Klein MG, Krantz MJ, Fatima N, Watters A, Colon-Sanchez D, Geiger RM, Goldstein RE, Solhjoo S, Mehler PS, Flagg TP, Haigney MC. Methadone Blockade of Cardiac Inward Rectifier K + Current Augments Membrane Instability and Amplifies U Waves on Surface ECGs: A Translational Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023482. [PMID: 35658478 PMCID: PMC9238736 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Methadone is associated with a disproportionate risk of sudden death and ventricular tachyarrhythmia despite only modest inhibition of delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr), the principal mechanism of drug-associated arrhythmia. Congenital defects of inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) have been linked to increased U-wave amplitude on ECG and fatal arrhythmia. We hypothesized that methadone may also be a potent inhibitor of IK1, contributing to delayed repolarization and manifesting on surface ECGs as augmented U-wave integrals. Methods and Results Using a whole-cell voltage clamp, methadone inhibited both recombinant and native IK1 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50) of 1.5 μmol/L, similar to that observed for IKr block (half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.9 μmol/L). Methadone modestly increased the action potential duration at 90% repolarization and slowed terminal repolarization at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, action potential duration at 90% repolarization lengthening was abolished, but its effect on terminal repolarization rose steadily and correlated with increased fluctuations of diastolic membrane potential. In parallel, patient ECGs were analyzed before and after methadone initiation, with 68% of patients having a markedly increased U-wave integral compared with premethadone (lead V3; mean +38%±15%, P=0.016), along with increased QT and TPeak to TEnd intervals, likely reflective of IKr block. Conclusions Methadone is a potent IK1 inhibitor that causes augmentation of U waves on surface ECG. We propose that increased membrane instability resulting from IK1 block may better explain methadone's arrhythmia risk beyond IKr inhibition alone. Drug-induced augmentation of U waves may represent evidence of blockade of multiple repolarizing ion channels, and evaluation of the effect of that agent on IK1 may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Klein
- Cardiology Division Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD
| | - Mori J Krantz
- Denver Health Medical Center Cardiology Division Denver CO.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO.,Chief Science Advisor Cardiac Safety and Cardiovascular Imaging, Clario Inc. Philadelphia PA
| | - Naheed Fatima
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD
| | - Ashlie Watters
- ACUTE at Denver Health Denver CO.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO
| | - Dayan Colon-Sanchez
- Psychiatry Division Outpatient Behavioral Health Services, Denver Health, & University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver CO
| | - Robert M Geiger
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD
| | - Robert E Goldstein
- Cardiology Division Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD
| | - Soroosh Solhjoo
- Cardiology Division Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Bethesda MD
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE at Denver Health Denver CO.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO
| | - Thomas P Flagg
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD
| | - Mark C Haigney
- Cardiology Division Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Bethesda MD
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7
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Solhjoo S, Kim S, Plank G, O'Rourke B, Zhou L. Correction to: Multiscale Modeling of the Mitochondrial Origin of Cardiac Reentrant and Fibrillatory Arrhythmias. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2399:C1. [PMID: 35896775 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1831-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gernot Plank
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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8
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Solhjoo S, Punjabi NM, Ivanescu AE, Crainiceanu C, Gaynanova I, Wicken C, Buckenmaier C, Haigney MC. Methadone Destabilizes Cardiac Repolarization During Sleep. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:1066-1074. [PMID: 34287835 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methadone, a widely prescribed medication for chronic pain and opioid addiction, is associated with respiratory depression and increased predisposition for torsades de pointes, a potentially fatal arrhythmia. Most methadone-related deaths occur during sleep. The objective of this study was to determine whether methadone's arrhythmogenic effects increase during sleep, with a focus on cardiac repolarization instability using QT variability index (QTVI), a measure shown to predict arrhythmias and mortality. Sleep study data of 24 patients on chronic methadone therapy referred to a tertiary clinic for overnight polysomnography were compared with two matched groups not on methadone: 24 patients referred for overnight polysomnography to the same clinic (clinic group), and 24 volunteers who had overnight polysomnography at home (community group). Despite similar values for heart rate, heart rate variability, corrected QT interval, QTVI, and oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) when awake, patients on methadone had larger QTVI (P = 0.015 vs. clinic, P < 0.001 vs. community) and lower SpO2 (P = 0.008 vs. clinic, P = 0.013 vs. community) during sleep, and the increase in their QTVI during sleep vs. wakefulness correlated with the decrease in SpO2 (r = -0.54, P = 0.013). QTVI positively correlated with methadone dose during sleep (r = 0.51, P = 0.012) and wakefulness (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). High-density ectopy (> 1,000 premature beats per median sleep period), a precursor for torsades de pointes, was uncommon but more frequent in patients on methadone (P = 0.039). This study demonstrates that chronic methadone use is associated with increased cardiac repolarization instability. Methadone's pro-arrhythmic impact may be mediated by sleep-related hypoxemia, which could explain the increased nocturnal mortality associated with this opioid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Naresh M Punjabi
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cassie Wicken
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Mark C Haigney
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Banavath HN, Roman B, Mackowski N, Biswas D, Afzal J, Nomura Y, Solhjoo S, O'Rourke B, Kohr M, Murphy E, Steenbergen C, Das S. miR-181c Activates Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake by Regulating MICU1 in the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012919. [PMID: 31801413 PMCID: PMC6951067 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Translocation of miR‐181c into cardiac mitochondria downregulates the mitochondrial gene, mt‐COX1. miR‐181c/d−/− hearts experience less oxidative stress during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and are protected against I/R injury. Additionally, miR‐181c overexpression can increase mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m), but the mechanism by which miR‐181c regulates [Ca2+]m is unknown. Methods and Results By RNA sequencing and analysis, here we show that hearts from miR‐181c/d−/− mice overexpress nuclear‐encoded Ca2+ regulatory and metabolic pathway genes, suggesting that alterations in miR‐181c and mt‐COX1 perturb mitochondria‐to‐nucleus retrograde signaling and [Ca2+]m regulation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation of transcription factors that are known to initiate retrograde signaling revealed significantly higher Sp1 (specificity protein) expression in the miR‐181c/d−/− hearts. Furthermore, an association of Sp1 with the promoter region of MICU1 was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and higher expression of MICU1 was found in the miR‐181c/d−/− hearts. Conversely, downregulation of Sp1 by small interfering RNA decreased MICU1 expression in neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes. Changes in PDH activity provided evidence for a change in [Ca2+]m via the miR‐181c/MICU1 axis. Moreover, this mechanism was implicated in the pathology of I/R injury. When MICU1 was knocked down in the miR‐181c/d−/− heart by lentiviral expression of a short‐hairpin RNA against MICU1, cardioprotective effects against I/R injury were abrogated. Furthermore, using an in vitro I/R model in miR‐181c/d−/− neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes, we confirmed the contribution of both Sp1 and MICU1 in ischemic injury. Conclusions miR‐181c regulates mt‐COX1, which in turn regulates MICU1 expression through the Sp1‐mediated mitochondria‐to‐nucleus retrograde pathway. Loss of miR‐181c can protect the heart from I/R injury by modulating [Ca2+]m through the upregulation of MICU1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Roman
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Nathan Mackowski
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Debjit Biswas
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Junaid Afzal
- Department of MedicineUCSF School of MedicineSan FranciscoCA
| | - Yohei Nomura
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Soroosh Solhjoo
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Mark Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiac Physiology SectionNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNIHBethesdaMD
| | | | - Samarjit Das
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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10
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Solhjoo S, Haigney MC, McBee E, van Merrienboer JJG, Schuwirth L, Artino AR, Battista A, Ratcliffe TA, Lee HD, Durning SJ. Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Correlate with Clinical Reasoning Performance and Self-Reported Measures of Cognitive Load. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14668. [PMID: 31604964 PMCID: PMC6789096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive load is a key mediator of cognitive processing that may impact clinical reasoning performance. The purpose of this study was to gather biologic validity evidence for correlates of different types of self-reported cognitive load, and to explore the association of self-reported cognitive load and physiologic measures with clinical reasoning performance. We hypothesized that increased cognitive load would manifest evidence of elevated sympathetic tone and would be associated with lower clinical reasoning performance scores. Fifteen medical students wore Holter monitors and watched three videos depicting medical encounters before completing a post-encounter form and standard measures of cognitive load. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between cardiac measures (mean heart rate, heart rate variability and QT interval variability) and self-reported measures of cognitive load, and their association with clinical reasoning performance scores. Despite the low number of participants, strong positive correlations were found between measures of intrinsic cognitive load and heart rate variability. Performance was negatively correlated with mean heart rate, as well as single-item cognitive load measures. Our data signify a possible role for using physiologic monitoring for identifying individuals experiencing high cognitive load and those at risk for performing poorly during clinical reasoning tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Division of Cardiovascular Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Mark C Haigney
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Elexis McBee
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Lambert Schuwirth
- Prideaux Centre for Research in Health Professions Education, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Anthony R Artino
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Alexis Battista
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Temple A Ratcliffe
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - Howard D Lee
- San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, USA
| | - Steven J Durning
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
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11
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Solhjoo S, Kannan S, Ashok D, O'Rourke B, Steenbergen C, Das S. miR-181c Regulates Mitochondrial Calcium Influx by targeting Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Solhjoo S, Kannan SM, Ashok D, O’Rourke B, Steenbergen C, Das S. Abstract 140: Role of miR-181c in Mitochondrial Matrix Calcium Accumulation During Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Heart. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
We have identified a microRNA, miR-181c, which can translocate into the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes, and regulate the mitochondrial gene mt-COX1. Recently, we have also demonstrated that miR-181c/d
-/-
mice are protected against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by attenuating oxidative stress in the heart. Previous data also suggest that overexpression of miR-181c in the heart can activate Ca
2+
entry into mitochondria. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which miR-181c regulates Ca
2+
influx into the mitochondrial matrix.
Methods and Results:
We found both Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 1 (MICU1) and mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (COX IV) expression are markedly higher in the miR-181c/d
-/-
mouse heart. Immunoprecipitated with MICU1, and then immunoblot for different sub-units of COX IV confirmed a protein-protein interaction between MICU1 and COX IV. We have also found significantly less Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes (NMVMs) isolated from miR-181c/d
-/-
mouse compared to C57BL6 (WT), suggesting significantly lower mitochondrial Ca
2+
-concentrations in the miR-181c/d
-/-
group. Utilizing a coverslip induced I/R-model, we observe that siRNAs against MICU1 (si-MICU1) during the ischemic phase significantly increase Ca
2+
-entry into the mitochondria of the NMVMs. Lowering MICU1 also significantly increases Ca
2+
-entry into the mitochondria after 30 min of ischemia in miR-181c/d
-/-
NMVMs. Furthermore, 30 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion in NMVM monolayers led to significantly less oscillatory instability in mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨ
m
) in miR-181c/d
-/-
NMVMs compared with WT NMVMs. However, using si-MICU1 in the miR-181c/d
-/-
NMVM group attenuated mitochondrial protection against I/R-injury.
Conclusions:
MICU1 is directly associated with complex IV. Thus, miR-181c can regulate mitochondrial Ca
2+
-entry by targeting mt-COX1 during I/R injury.
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13
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Klein MG, Shou M, Stohlman J, Solhjoo S, Haigney M, Tidwell RR, Goldstein RE, Flagg TP, Haigney MC. Role of suppression of the inward rectifier current in terminal action potential repolarization in the failing heart. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:1217-1223. [PMID: 28396172 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failing heart exhibits an increased arrhythmia susceptibility that is often attributed to action potential (AP) prolongation due to significant ion channel remodeling. The inwardly rectifying K+ current (IK1) has been reported to be reduced, but its contribution to shaping the AP waveform and cell excitability in the failing heart remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to define the effect of IK1 suppression on the cardiac AP and excitability in the normal and failing hearts. METHODS We used electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches to investigate IK1 function in a swine tachy-pacing model of heart failure (HF). RESULTS Terminal repolarization of the AP (TRAP; the time constant of the exponential fit to terminal repolarization) was markedly prolonged in both myocytes and arterially perfused wedges from animals with HF. TRAP was increased by 54.1% in HF myocytes (P < .001) and 26.2% in HF wedges (P = .014). The increase in TRAP was recapitulated by the potent and specific IK1 inhibitor, PA-6 (pentamidine analog 6), indicating that IK1 is the primary determinant of the final phase of repolarization. Moreover, we find that IK1 suppression reduced the ratio of effective refractory period to AP duration at 90% of repolarization, permitting re-excitation before full repolarization, reduction of AP upstroke velocity, and likely promotion of slow conduction. CONCLUSION Using an objective measure of terminal repolarization, we conclude that IK1 is the major determinant of the terminal repolarization time course. Moreover, suppression of IK1 prolongs repolarization and reduces postrepolarization refractoriness without marked effects on the overall AP duration. Collectively, these findings demonstrate how IK1 suppression may contribute to arrhythmogenesis in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Klein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Matie Shou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jayna Stohlman
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Soroosh Solhjoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Myles Haigney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard R Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert E Goldstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas P Flagg
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark C Haigney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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14
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Solhjoo S, O'Rourke B. Regional Oxidative Stress Disrupts the Normal Propagation of Voltage Waves and Promotes Reentry in Monolayers of Cardiac Myocytes. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1049.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Solhjoo S, O'Rourke B. Mitochondrial instability during regional ischemia-reperfusion underlies arrhythmias in monolayers of cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 78:90-9. [PMID: 25268650 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Regional depolarization of the mitochondrial network can alter cellular electrical excitability and increase the propensity for reentry, in part, through the opening of sarcolemmal KATP channels. Mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) instability or oscillation can be induced in myocytes by exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS), laser excitation, or glutathione depletion, and is thought to be a major factor in arrhythmogenesis during ischemia-reperfusion. Nevertheless, the correlation between ΔΨm recovery kinetics and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias has been difficult to demonstrate experimentally. Here, we investigate the relationship between subcellular changes in ΔΨm, cellular glutathione redox potential, electrical excitability, and wave propagation during coverslip-induced ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) monolayers. Ischemia led to decreased action potential amplitude and duration followed by electrical inexcitability after ~15min of ischemia. ΔΨm depolarization occurred in two phases during ischemia: in phase 1 (<30min ischemia), mitochondrial clusters within individual NRVMs depolarized, while phase 2 ΔΨm depolarization (30-60min) was characterized by global functional collapse of the mitochondrial network across the whole ischemic region of the monolayer, typically involving a propagating metabolic wave. Oxidation of the glutathione (GSSG:GSH) redox potential occurred during ischemia, followed by recovery upon reperfusion (i.e., lifting the coverslip). ΔΨm recovered in the mitochondria of individual myocytes quite rapidly upon reperfusion (<5min), but was highly unstable, characterized by subcellular oscillations or flickering of clusters of mitochondria in NRVMs across the reperfused region. Electrical excitability also recovered in a heterogeneous manner, providing an arrhythmogenic substrate which led to formation of sustained reentry. Treatment with 4'-chlorodiazepam, a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand, prevented ΔΨm oscillation, improved GSH recovery rate, and prevented reentry during reperfusion, indicating that stabilization of mitochondrial network dynamics is important for preventing post-ischemic arrhythmias. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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16
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Solhjoo S, O'Rourke B. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Suppresses Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Reentry in Monolayers of Cardiomyocytes. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Zhou L, Solhjoo S, Millare B, Plank G, Abraham MR, Cortassa S, Trayanova N, O'Rourke B. Effects of regional mitochondrial depolarization on electrical propagation: implications for arrhythmogenesis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014; 7:143-51. [PMID: 24382411 DOI: 10.1161/circep.113.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death often involves arrhythmias triggered by metabolic stress. Loss of mitochondrial function is thought to contribute to the arrhythmogenic substrate, but how mitochondria contribute to uncoordinated electrical activity is poorly understood. It has been proposed that the formation of metabolic current sinks, caused by the nonuniform collapse of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm), contributes to re-entrant arrhythmias because ΔΨm depolarization is tightly coupled to the activation of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, hastening action potential repolarization and shortening the refractory period. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we use computational and experimental methods to investigate how ΔΨm instability can induce re-entrant arrhythmias. We develop the first tissue-level model of cardiac electrical propagation incorporating cellular electrophysiology, excitation-contraction coupling, mitochondrial energetics, and reactive oxygen species balance. Simulations show that re-entry and fibrillation can be initiated by regional ΔΨm loss because of the disparity of refractory periods inside and outside the metabolic sink. Computational results are compared with the effects of a metabolic sink generated experimentally by local perfusion of a mitochondrial uncoupler in a monolayer of cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that regional mitochondrial depolarization triggered by oxidative stress activates sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K(+) currents to form a metabolic sink. Consequent shortening of the action potential inside, but not outside, the sink increases the propensity for re-entry. ΔΨm recovery during pacing can lead to novel mechanisms of ectopic activation. The findings highlight the importance of mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets for sudden death associated with cardiovascular disease.
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18
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Solhjoo S, O’Rourke B. Abstract 332: Mitochondrial Inner-Membrane Potential Instability Promotes Sarcolemmal Electrical Instability after Ischemia-Reperfusion in Monolayers of Cardiac Myocytes. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling due to oxidative stress can, through opening of sarcolemmal KATP channels, alter cellular electrical excitability, and it has been proposed that mitochondrial function is a major factor in arrhythmogenesis during ischemia-reperfusion. Here, we examine the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) and corresponding changes in electrical excitability and wave propagation in monolayer cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Changes in ΔΨm were observed using TMRM and changes in the sarcolemmal voltage were recorded with a 464-element photodiode array using di-4-ANEPPS. Ischemia was induced by covering the center part of the monolayer (D = 22 mm) with a coverslip (D = 15 mm). Cell contractions ceased after approximately 6 min of ischemia; however, electrical activity continued for 11.3 ± 4.2 min (N = 5). Amplitude and conduction velocity of the action potentials in the ischemic region decreased over the same time period. ΔΨm was lost in two phases: a reversible phase of partial depolarization, after 11.2 ± 1.3 min of ischemia, and a nonreversible phase, which happened after 30 ± 6 min of ischemia, during which the whole mitochondrial network of the myocyte became depolarized and the cells underwent contracture (N = 4). Reperfusion after the long ischemia resulted in only partial recovery and the observance of oscillations of ΔΨm in the mitochondrial network or rapid flickering of individual mitochondrial clusters and was associated with heterogeneous electrical recovery, and formation of wavelets and reentry (4/5 monolayers). In contrast, mitochondria fully recovered and reentry was rare (1/5 monolayers) for reperfusion after the short ischemia (10-12 min). 4’-chlorodiazepam, an inhibitor of inner membrane anion channels, stabilized mitochondrial function after the long ischemia, and prevented wavelets (5/5 monolayers) and reentry (4/5 monolayers). In conclusion, incomplete or unstable recovery of mitochondrial function after ischemia correlates with reentrant arrhythmias in monolayers of cardiac myocytes. Our findings suggest that stabilization of mitochondrial network dynamics is an important strategy for preventing ischemia/reperfusion-related arrhythmias.
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Solhjoo S, Motie Nasrabadi A, Hashemi Golpayegani MR. EEG-Based Mental Task Classification in Hypnotized and Normal Subjects. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2005:2041-3. [PMID: 17282627 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
EEG-Based mental task classification is an approach to understand the processes in our brain which lead to our thoughts and behavior. Different mental tasks have been used for this purpose and we have chosen relaxation and imagination for our study. As well as normal conscious state, we have considered mental tasks performed in hypnosis which is defined as a state of consciousness with high concentration. To assess nonlinear dynamics, we have considered fractal dimension in addition to frequency features. HMM classifiers have been used for classification. Results show the most important features in EEG signal related to mentioned mental tasks as well as differences between normal and hypnotic states of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Solhjoo
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (phone: + 98-9173134754; fax: +98-21-8063547; e-mail: )
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Akrami A, Solhjoo S, Motie-Nasrabadi A, Hashemi-Golpayegani MR. EEG-Based Mental Task Classification: Linear and Nonlinear Classification of Movement Imagery. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2005:4626-9. [PMID: 17281271 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1615501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Use of EEG signals as a channel of communication between men and machines represents one of the current challenges in signal theory research. The principal element of such a communication system, known as a "Brain-Computer Interface," is the interpretation of the EEG signals related to the characteristic parameters of brain electrical activity. Our goal in this work was extracting quantitative changes in the EEG due to movement imagination. Subject's EEG was recorded while he performed left or right hand movement imagination. Different feature sets extracted from EEG were used as inputs into linear, Neural Network and HMM classifiers for the purpose of imagery movement mental task classification. The results indicate that applying linear classifier to 5 frequency features of asymmetry signal produced from channel C3 and C4 can provide a very high classification accuracy percentage as a simple classifier with small number of features comparing to other feature sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Akrami
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (phone: +98-21-4129053; fax: +98-21-8063547; e-mail: )
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Zhou L, Solhjoo S, Plank G, Abraham R, Cortassa S, Trayanova N, O'Rourke B. Regional Mitochondrial Depolarization Causes Spontaneous Ventricular Arrhythmia in Cardiac Tissue. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Solhjoo S, Abraham MR, O'Rourke B. Effect of Regional Mitochondrial Uncoupling on Electrical Propagation in Cardiac Cell Monolayers. Biophys J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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